| Date | Panel | Item | Activity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mendeliome v1.1667 | MCOLN1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: MCOLN1 were changed from Mucolipidosis IV, MIM# 252650; MONDO:0009653 to Mucolipidosis IV, MIM# 252650; MONDO:0009653; Lisch epithelial corneal dystrophy, OMIM# 620763 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1664 | MCOLN1 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: MCOLN1: Added comment: PMID 37972748: 23 affected individuals from 13 families with Lisch epithelial corneal dystrophy. WGS in 2 families and then targeted Sanger sequencing in the other families identified 9 rare heterozygous loss of function variants in MCOLN1. Homozygous and compound-heterozygous state of 4 of 9 LECD-associated variants cause Mucolipidosis IV (MLIV), which comprises neurodegeneration as well as corneal opacity of infantile-onset with epithelial autofluorescent lysosomal inclusions. Six parents of 3 patients with MLIV confirmed to carry pathogenic MCOLN1 variants did not have the LECD phenotype. Heterozygous MCOLN1 variants can be associated with incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity of LECD with an estimated penetrance of 0.2% for MCOLN1 loss-of-function variants based on gnomAD.; Changed publications: 37972748; Changed phenotypes: Mucolipidosis IV, MIM# 252650, MONDO:0009653, Lisch epithelial corneal dystrophy, OMIM# 620763; Changed mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1401 | PLA2G16 |
Lauren Rogers changed review comment from: 7 patients from 4 unrelated consanguineous families with homozygous loss of function PTC variants. Features: 4/7 metabolic features, 6/7 neurological/skeletal features, 3/7 Psychomotor retardation/intellectual disability, 5/7 demyelinating peripheral neuropathy. Null mouse and patient derived white adipose tissue showed enrichment of arachidonic acid-containing membrane phospholipids and a strong decrease in PPARγ. CRISPR–Cas9-mediated PLAAT3 inactivation in human adipose stem cells induced insulin resistance, altered adipocyte diferentiation with decreased lipid droplet formation and reduced the expression of adipogenic and mature adipocyte markers, including PPARγ. Sources: Literature; to: 7 patients from 4 unrelated consanguineous families with homozygous loss of function PTC variants. Features: 4/7 metabolic features, 6/7 neurological/skeletal features, 3/7 Psychomotor retardation/intellectual disability, 5/7 demyelinating peripheral neuropathy. Null mouse and patient derived white adipose tissue showed enrichment of arachidonic acid-containing membrane phospholipids and a strong decrease in PPARγ. CRISPR–Cas9-mediated PLAAT3 inactivation in human adipose stem cells induced insulin resistance, altered adipocyte differentiation with decreased lipid droplet formation and reduced the expression of adipogenic and mature adipocyte markers, including PPARγ. Sources: Literature |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1401 | PLA2G16 |
Lauren Rogers gene: PLA2G16 was added gene: PLA2G16 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: PLA2G16 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Publications for gene: PLA2G16 were set to PMID: 37919452 Phenotypes for gene: PLA2G16 were set to Lipodystrophy (MONDO:0006573) Review for gene: PLA2G16 was set to GREEN Added comment: 7 patients from 4 unrelated consanguineous families with homozygous loss of function PTC variants. Features: 4/7 metabolic features, 6/7 neurological/skeletal features, 3/7 Psychomotor retardation/intellectual disability, 5/7 demyelinating peripheral neuropathy. Null mouse and patient derived white adipose tissue showed enrichment of arachidonic acid-containing membrane phospholipids and a strong decrease in PPARγ. CRISPR–Cas9-mediated PLAAT3 inactivation in human adipose stem cells induced insulin resistance, altered adipocyte diferentiation with decreased lipid droplet formation and reduced the expression of adipogenic and mature adipocyte markers, including PPARγ. Sources: Literature |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1390 | FA2H |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Well established gene-disease association, both peripheral and central features (dystonia, dysarthria, cognitive impairment, and epilepsy), childhood-onset, progressive. Sources: Expert Review; to: Well established gene-disease association, both peripheral and central features (dystonia, dysarthria, cognitive impairment, and epilepsy), childhood-onset, progressive. PubMed: 31135052 – 19 patients from 16 families consistent with a complicated form of SPG. PubMed:18463364 – 7 individuals identified from a large consanguineous family with SPG. PubMed: 19068277 – 7 patients from 2 unrelated consanguineous middle eastern families PubMed: 20104589– Multiple affected individuals in an Omani family. Findings indicated that an abnormal hydroxylation of myelin galactocerebroside lipid components can lead to the progression of a severe phenotype. Sources: Expert Review |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1045 | MCOLN1 | Achchuthan Shanmugasundram reviewed gene: MCOLN1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 17239335, 25156245, 33965501, 35205297; Phenotypes: Mucolipidosis IV, OMIM:252650; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.978 | DENND5B |
Chirag Patel gene: DENND5B was added gene: DENND5B was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Other Mode of inheritance for gene: DENND5B was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Phenotypes for gene: DENND5B were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder with white matter anomalies Review for gene: DENND5B was set to GREEN gene: DENND5B was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: ESHG 2023: 7 patients/7 families with de novo DENND5B variants (6 missense, 1 splice) DD/ID (mod/profound)(7/7), white matter anomalies (6/7) hypotonia, epilepsy (3/7) DENND5B acts as: -GEF for activation of RAB proteins which are involved in membrane trafficking and neurotransmitter release -regulator of lipid absorption and homeostasis Functional studies showed loss of expression of DENND5B in fibroblasts, abnormal vesicle trafficking, and impaired lipid uptake and intracellular distribution Sources: Other |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.732 | SPTLC1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: SPTLC1 were changed from Neuropathy, hereditary sensory and autonomic, type IA, MIM# 162400; Serine palmitoyl transferase deficiency (Disorders of complex lipid synthesis) to Juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-27, MIM#620285; Neuropathy, hereditary sensory and autonomic, type IA, MIM# 162400; Serine palmitoyl transferase deficiency (Disorders of complex lipid synthesis) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.731 | SPTLC1 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: SPTLC1: Changed phenotypes: Juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-27, MIM#620285, Neuropathy, hereditary sensory and autonomic, type IA, MIM# 162400, Serine palmitoyl transferase deficiency (Disorders of complex lipid synthesis) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.648 | SPTSSA |
Seb Lunke gene: SPTSSA was added gene: SPTSSA was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SPTSSA was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SPTSSA were set to 36718090 Phenotypes for gene: SPTSSA were set to complex hereditary spastic paraplegia, MONDO:0015150 Review for gene: SPTSSA was set to AMBER Added comment: Three unrelated individuals with common neurological features of developmental delay, progressive motor impairment, progressive lower extremity spasticity, and epileptiform activity or seizures. Other additional features varied. Two of the individuals had the same de-novo missense, Thr51Ile, while the third was homozygous for a late truncating variant, Gln58AlafsTer10. The patient with the hom variant was described as less severe. Functional studies in fibroblasts showed dysregulation of the sphingolipid (SL) synthesis pathway, showing that both variants impair ORMDL regulation of the pathway leading to various levels of increased SL. Over expression of human SPTSSA was shown to lead to motor development in flies, rescued by expression of ORMDL for WT SPTSSA but not mutant SPTSSA. The de-novo missense were shown to impact regulation more than the hom truncation, while the truncated region was shown to previously to be important for ORMDL regulation. Mice with a hom KO of the functional equivalent sptssb had early onset ataxia and died prematurely, with evidence of axonic degeneration. Sources: Literature |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.35 | GIMAP6 |
Elena Savva gene: GIMAP6 was added gene: GIMAP6 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: GIMAP6 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: GIMAP6 were set to PMID: 35551368; 33328581 Phenotypes for gene: GIMAP6 were set to Autophagy, immune competence and inflammation Review for gene: GIMAP6 was set to AMBER Added comment: PMID: 35551368, PMID: 33328581 - K/O mice show autophagy, redox regulation, and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)–containing lipids and die prematurely from microangiopathic glomerulosclerosis with immunodeficiency. - 2 unrelated families (3 patients) w/ a homozygous missense (p.Gly153Val) and nonsense (p.Trp86*). All unaffected siblings were heterozygous. Patient 1 (missense) presented with Coombs-positive hemolytic anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, Cranial MRI showed bilateral effusions, sulcal hyperintensity, and lateral parietal subcortical acute focal ischemic lesions. Patient 2 (nonsense) presented with recurrent purulent otitis media and a chronic wet cough, persistent jaundice, recurrent chest and ear infections, lingular consolidation, mild bronchiectasis, bibasilar bronchial wall thickening, right peribronchial consolidation, right lower lobe bronchiectasis, bilateral axillary lymphadenopathy, and splenomegaly. Patient 3 (nonsense) presented with suffered headaches, abdomen pain, mouth ulcers, and recurrent infections - Functional studies show patient 1 (missense) with reduced protein expression on western blot, and patient 2/3 (nonsense) with no protein expression. T cells of Pt 1 were similar to mouse K/O model (elevated basal LC3-II, reduced autophagic flux). gnomAD: 0 homozygous PTCs, but a very common canonical splice which is present in the non-canonical transcript Sources: Literature |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13948 | LPL | Alison Yeung Phenotypes for gene: LPL were changed from to Combined hyperlipidemia, familial, MIM# 144250; Lipoprotein lipase deficiency, MIM# 238600 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13946 | LPL | Alison Yeung reviewed gene: LPL: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Combined hyperlipidemia, familial, MIM# 144250, Lipoprotein lipase deficiency, MIM# 238600; Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic (but BIALLELIC mutations cause a more SEVERE disease form), autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13616 | LIPC | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: LIPC: Changed phenotypes: Hepatic lipase deficiency, MIM# 614025, Hyperlipidemia due to hepatic triglyceride lipase deficiency, MONDO:0013533 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13587 | LIPC | Alison Yeung Phenotypes for gene: LIPC were changed from to Hepatic lipase deficiency MIM#614025; Hyperlipidemia due to hepatic triglyceride lipase deficiency, MONDO:0013533 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13585 | LIPC |
Alison Yeung Added comment: Comment on mode of inheritance: PMID: 1671786, 12777476, 1883393, 22798447 - 7 cases from 3 unrelated families with hepatic lipase deficiency and biallelic variants. PMID: 26423094 - null mouse had dyslipidemia on a high cholesterol and fat diet PMID: 23219720, 22464213 - 2 cases with hyperalphalipoproteinemia and heterozygous variants, with supporting in vitro funcitonal assays |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13390 | PHYH |
Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: PHYH: Added comment: Refsum disease is an autosomal recessive inborn error of lipid metabolism classically characterized by a tetrad of clinical abnormalities: retinitis pigmentosa, peripheral neuropathy, cerebellar ataxia, and elevated protein levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) without an increase in the number of cells. Well established gene-disease association.; Changed publications: 9326939, 9326940 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12378 | TAMM41 |
Bryony Thompson gene: TAMM41 was added gene: TAMM41 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: TAMM41 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: TAMM41 were set to 35321494; 29253589 Phenotypes for gene: TAMM41 were set to inborn mitochondrial metabolism disorder MONDO:0004069; hypotonia; developmental delay; myopathy; ptosis Review for gene: TAMM41 was set to GREEN Added comment: Three unrelated individuals with mitochondrial disease that share clinical features, including lethargy at birth, hypotonia, developmental delay, myopathy, and ptosis with biallelic variants. Tissue-specific observations on OXPHOS were identified, cardiolipin levels were unchanged in subject fibroblasts but significantly decreased in the skeletal muscle of affected individuals. The missense variants identified were defective in yeast models. In an in vitro cell model knockdown of TAMM41 resulted in decreased mitochondrial CDP diacylglycerol synthase activity, decreased cardiolipin levels and a decrease in oxygen consumption. Sources: Literature |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.11092 | CRLS1 |
Michelle Torres gene: CRLS1 was added gene: CRLS1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: CRLS1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: CRLS1 were set to 35147173 Phenotypes for gene: CRLS1 were set to Mitochondrial disease MONDO:0044970 CRLS1-related Added comment: - Three families (4 individuals) with cardiolipin deficiency. - Two families (one consanguineous with 2 affected siblings) with homozygous the p.(Ile109Asn) had infantile progressive encephalopathy, bull’s eye maculopathy, auditory neuropathy, diabetes insipidus, autonomic instability, cardiac defects and early death. - The fourth individual cHet p.(Ala172Asp) and p.(Leu217Phe) presented with chronic encephalopathy with neurodevelopmental regression, congenital nystagmus with decreased vision, sensorineural hearing loss, failure to thrive and acquired microcephaly. - Functional studies on patient cells showed increased levels of the substrate of CRLS1 and impaired mitochondrial morphology and biogenesis Sources: Literature |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.11071 | CHKA |
Konstantinos Varvagiannis gene: CHKA was added gene: CHKA was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: CHKA was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: CHKA were set to 35202461 Phenotypes for gene: CHKA were set to Abnormal muscle tone; Global developmental delay; Intellectual disability; Seizures; Microcephaly; Abnormality of movement; Abnormality of nervous system morphology; Short stature Penetrance for gene: CHKA were set to Complete Review for gene: CHKA was set to GREEN Added comment: Klöckner (2022 - PMID: 35202461) describe the phenotype of 6 individuals (from 5 unrelated families) harboring biallelic CHKA variants. Shared features incl. abnormal muscle tone(6/6 - hypertonia or hypotonia, 3/6 each), DD/ID (6/6,severe in 4, severe/profound in 2), epilepsy (6/6 - onset: infancy - 3y2m | epileptic spasms or GS at onset), microcephaly (6/6), movement disorders (3/6 - incl. dyskinesia, rigidity, choreoatetotic movements). 2/5 individuals exhibited MRI abnormalities, notably hypomyelination. Short stature was observed in 4/6. Eventual previous genetic testing was not discussed. Exome sequencing (quattro ES for 2 sibs, trio ES for 1 individual, singleton for 3 probands) revealed biallelic CHKA variants in all affected individuals. Sanger sequencing was performed for confirmation and segregation studies. Other variants (in suppl.) were not deemed to be causative for the neurodevelopmental phenotype. 3 different missense, 1 start-loss and 1 truncating variant were identified, namely (NM_0012772.2): - c.421C>T/p.(Arg141Trp) [3 hmz subjects from 2 consanguineous families], - c.580C>T/p.Pro194Ser [1 hmz individual born to consanguineous parents], - c.2T>C/p.(Met1?) [1 hmz individual born to related parents], - c.14dup/p.(Cys6Leufs*19) in trans with c.1021T>C/p.(Phe341Leu) in 1 individual. CHKA encodes choline kinase alpha, an enzyme catalyzing the first step of phospholipid synthesis in the Kennedy pathway. The pathway is involved in de novo synthesis of glycerophospholipids, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine being the most abundant in eukaryotic membranes. CHKA with its paralog (CHKB) phosphorylates either choline or ethanolamine to phosphocholine or phosphoethanolamine respectively with conversion of ATP to ADP. As the authors comment, biallelic pathogenic variants in CHKB cause a NDD with muscular dystrophy, hypotonia, ID, microcephaly and structural mitochondrial anomalies (MIM 602541). [Prominent mitochondrial patterning was observed in a single muscle biopsy available from an individual with biallelic CHKA variants]. Other disorders of the Kennedy pathway (due to biallelic PCYT2, SELENOI, PCYT1A variants) present with overlapping features incl. variable DD/ID (no-severe), microcephaly, seizures, visual impairment etc. CHKA variants were either absent or observed once in gnomAD, affected highly conserved AAs with multiple in silico predictions in favor of a deleterious effect. In silico modeling suggests structural effects for several of the missense variants (Arg141Trp, Pro194Ser presumably affect ADP binding, Phe341 lying close to the binding site of phosphocholine). Each of the missense variants was expressed in yeast cells and W. Blot suggested expression at the expected molecular weight at comparative levels. The 3 aforementioned variants exhibited reduced catalytic activity (20%, 15%, 50% respectively). NMD is thought to underly the deleterious effect of the frameshift one (not studied). The start-loss variant is expected to result in significantly impaired expression and protein function as eventual utilization of the next possible start codon - occurring at position 123 - would remove 26% of the protein. Chka(-/-) is embryonically lethal in mice, suggesting that complete loss is not compatible with life. Reduction of choline kinase activity by 30% in heterozygous mice did not appear to result in behavioral abnormalities although this was not studied in detail (PMID cited: 18029352). Finally, screening of 1566 mouse lines identified 198 genes whose disruption yields neuroanatomical phenotypes, Chka(+/-) mice being among these (PMID cited: 31371714). There is no associated phenotype in OMIM, Gene2Phenotype or SysID. Overall this gene can be considered for inclusion in the ID and epilepsy panes with green or amber rating (>3 individuals, >3 variants, variant studies, overlapping phenotype of disorders belonging to the same pathway, etc). Consider also inclusion in the microcephaly panel (where available this seemed to be of postnatal onset). Sources: Literature |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10969 | FLAD1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: FLAD1 were changed from to Lipid storage myopathy due to flavin adenine dinucleotide synthetase deficiency MIM#255100 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10953 | FLAD1 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: FLAD1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 34454814, 34718578, 31392824, 30982706, 30311138, 30427553, 28433476, 27259049, 25058219; Phenotypes: Lipid storage myopathy due to flavin adenine dinucleotide synthetase deficiency MIM#255100; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9961 | GNPTAB | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: GNPTAB were changed from to Mucolipidosis II alpha/beta, MIM# 252500; MONDO:0009650; Mucolipidosis III alpha/beta, MIM# 252600; MONDO:0018931 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9958 | GNPTAB | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: GNPTAB: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 16465621; Phenotypes: Mucolipidosis II alpha/beta, MIM# 252500, MONDO:0009650, Mucolipidosis III alpha/beta, MIM# 252600, MONDO:0018931; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9952 | GNPTAB | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: GNPTAB: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 20301728; Phenotypes: Mucolipidosis II alpha/beta MIM#252500, Mucolipidosis III alpha/beta MIM#252600; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9297 | ATP11A |
Elena Savva gene: ATP11A was added gene: ATP11A was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ATP11A was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Publications for gene: ATP11A were set to PMID: 34403372 Phenotypes for gene: ATP11A were set to Neurological disorder Mode of pathogenicity for gene: ATP11A was set to Other Review for gene: ATP11A was set to AMBER Added comment: PMID: 34403372: - Single de novo missense variant reported in a patient with developmental delay and neurological deterioration. - Patient MRI showed severe cerebral atrophy, ventriculomegaly, hypomyelination leukodystrophy, thinned corpus callosum. Axonal neuropathy suggested. - K/I heterozygous mice died perinatally. - Functional studies on missense variant show plasma membrane lipid content impairment, reduced ATPase activity etc. gnomAD: some NMD PTCs present, good quality variants found with 4-5 hets. Sources: Literature |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.8981 | PI4KA | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: PI4KA: Added comment: Neurodevelopmental syndrome with hypomyelinating leukodystrophy: 10 unrelated patients harbouring biallelic variants in PI4KA reported with a spectrum of severe global neurodevelopmental delay, hypomyelination, and developmental brain abnormalities, and pure spastic paraplegia. Some patients presented immunological deficits or genito-urinary abnormalities. Western blotting and immunofluorescence showed decreased PI4KA levels in the patients' fibroblasts. Immunofluorescence and targeted lipidomics indicated that PI4KA activity was diminished in fibroblasts and peripheral blood mononuclear cells.; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed publications: 25855803, 34415322; Changed phenotypes: Polymicrogyria, perisylvian, with cerebellar hypoplasia and arthrogryposis, MIM# 616531, Neurodevelopmental syndrome with hypomyelinating leukodystrophy | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.7891 | ANGPTL8 |
Dean Phelan gene: ANGPTL8 was added gene: ANGPTL8 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ANGPTL8 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: ANGPTL8 were set to PMID: 33909604 Phenotypes for gene: ANGPTL8 were set to Low serum triglycerides; Coronary artery disease Review for gene: ANGPTL8 was set to RED Added comment: PMID: 33909604 - Population studies showed PTV are associated with both lipid levels and coronary artery disease. Sources: Literature |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.7774 | CREB3L3 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: CREB3L3 were changed from Hyperlipidaemia; hypertriglyceridemia to Hypertriglyceridaemia-2, MIM#619324 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.7605 | SPTLC1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: SPTLC1 were changed from to Neuropathy, hereditary sensory and autonomic, type IA, MIM# 162400; Serine palmitoyl transferase deficiency (Disorders of complex lipid synthesis) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.7602 | SPTLC2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: SPTLC2 were changed from to Neuropathy, hereditary sensory and autonomic, type IC, 613640; MONDO:0013337; Serine palmitoyl transferase deficiency (Disorders of complex lipid synthesis) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.7175 | FAR1 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: FAR1: Added comment: PMID33239752: 12 patients with paediatric onset spastic paraparesis and bilateral congenital/juvenile cataracts. Most also had speech and gross motor developmental delay and truncal hypotonia. Exome sequencing identified de novo variants affecting the Arg480 residue in FAR1 (p.Arg480Cys/His/Leu). Further functional studies in fibroblasts showed that these variants cause a disruption of the plasmalogen-dependent feedback regulation of FAR1 protein levels leading to uncontrolled ether lipid production.; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed publications: 25439727, 33239752; Changed phenotypes: Peroxisomal fatty acyl-CoA reductase 1 disorder, MIM#616154, spastic paraparesis and bilateral cataracts; Changed mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.7166 | SMPD1 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Well established gene-disease association.; to: Niemann-Pick disease (NPD) refers to a group of disorders that present with varying degrees of lipid storage and foam cell infiltration in tissues, as well as overlapping clinical features including hepatosplenomegaly, pulmonary insufficiency and/or central nervous system (CNS) involvement. Type A NPD patients exhibit hepatosplenomegaly in infancy and profound CNS involvement. They rarely survive beyond 2-3years of age. Type B patients also have hepatosplenomegaly and pathologic alterations of their lungs, but there are usually no CNS signs. The age of onset and rate of disease progression varies greatly among type B patients, and they frequently live into adulthood. Intermediate patients also have been reported with mild to moderate neurological findings. Well established gene-disease association. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.7144 | MCOLN1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: MCOLN1 were changed from to Mucolipidosis IV, MIM# 252650; MONDO:0009653 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.7142 | MCOLN1 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: MCOLN1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Mucolipidosis IV, MIM# 252650, MONDO:0009653; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.7097 | GNPTG | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: GNPTG were changed from to Mucolipidosis III gamma, MIM# 252605; MONDO:0009652 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.7094 | GNPTG | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: GNPTG: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 10712439, 19370764, 19659762, 33507475, 33023972, 32651481; Phenotypes: Mucolipidosis III gamma, MIM# 252605, MONDO:0009652; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.6769 | ALDH1L2 |
Naomi Baker gene: ALDH1L2 was added gene: ALDH1L2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ALDH1L2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: ALDH1L2 were set to PMID: 31341639; 33168096 Phenotypes for gene: ALDH1L2 were set to pruritic ichthyosis, severe diffuse hypomyelination seen on MRI, and abnormal lipid peaks Review for gene: ALDH1L2 was set to RED Added comment: Individual reported with bialleleic ALDH1L2 variants (non-canonical splice and a frameshift mutation), who also has a de novo hemizygous RPS6KA3 frameshift mutation. Authors state that not all features of the individual could be explained by the RPS6KA3 variant, and that consideration of Coffin-Lowry sysndrome was only made after identification of the RPS6KA3 variant. Therefore individual has there is a blended phenotype of Coffin–Lowry syndrome and Sjögren–Larsson syndrome. From functional studies authors propose that the ALDH1L2 loss induces mitochondrial dysfunction due to reduced NADPH and increased oxidative stress (PMID: 31341639). Knockout mouse model was viable and did not show an apparent phenotype, however metabolomic analysis showed vastly changed metabotypes in the liver and plasma in these mice suggesting channeling of fatty acids away from β-oxidation. Authors therefore postulate that the role of ALDH1L2 in the lipid metabolism explains why the loss of this enzyme is associated with neuro-cutaneous disease. Sources: Literature |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.6768 | FAM57B |
Zornitza Stark gene: FAM57B was added gene: FAM57B was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: FAM57B was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: FAM57B were set to 33077892 Phenotypes for gene: FAM57B were set to Cone–rod dystrophy; Maculopathy Review for gene: FAM57B was set to GREEN Added comment: 4 patients with cone-rod dystrophy or maculopathy from 3 families, with LOF pathogenic variants in TLCD3B (ceramide synthase gene). Ceramide is a proapoptotic lipid as high levels of ceramides can lead to apoptosis of neuronal cells, including photoreceptors. Variants segregated with disease. TLCD3B showed high expression in the adult retina with higher expression in the macular than in the peripheral region. Tlcd3bKO/KO mice exhibited a significant reduction of the cone photoreceptor light responses, thinning of the outer nuclear layer, and loss of cone photoreceptors across the retina. Sources: Literature |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.6450 | USF1 | Bryony Thompson reviewed gene: USF1: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 14991056, 16076849, 31725952; Phenotypes: Hyperlipidemia, familial combined, susceptibility to MIM#602491; Mode of inheritance: Unknown | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.6447 | LIPI | Bryony Thompson Marked gene: LIPI as ready | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.6447 | LIPI | Bryony Thompson Gene: lipi has been classified as Red List (Low Evidence). | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.6447 | LIPI | Bryony Thompson Classified gene: LIPI as Red List (low evidence) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.6447 | LIPI | Bryony Thompson Gene: lipi has been classified as Red List (Low Evidence). | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.6446 | LIPI | Bryony Thompson reviewed gene: LIPI: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 12719377; Phenotypes: Hypertriglycidaemia, familial; Mode of inheritance: Unknown | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.6311 | SCARB1 | Bryony Thompson Phenotypes for gene: SCARB1 were changed from to High density lipoprotein cholesterol level QTL6 MIM#610762; Scavenger receptor class B type I deficiency; Inherited hypolipidaemias | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.6307 | SCARB1 | Bryony Thompson reviewed gene: SCARB1: Rating: ; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 21226579, 30720493, 21480869, 26965621, 27604308; Phenotypes: High density lipoprotein cholesterol level QTL6 MIM#610762, Scavenger receptor class B type I deficiency, Inherited hypolipidaemias; Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.6295 | PNLIP |
Bryony Thompson gene: PNLIP was added gene: PNLIP was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: PNLIP was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: PNLIP were set to 31977950; 25862608; 24262094; 27604308 Phenotypes for gene: PNLIP were set to Pancreatic lipase deficiency MIM#614338; disorders of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism Review for gene: PNLIP was set to GREEN Added comment: 4 cases from 2 unrelated families, with supporting biochemical assays in patient cells and cellular-based assays. The cases have decreased absorption of dietary fat and greasy voluminous stools, but apparent normal development and an overall good state of health. Sources: Literature |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.6250 | PNPLA2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: PNPLA2 were changed from to Neutral lipid storage disease with myopathy MIM#610717 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.6247 | PNPLA2 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: PNPLA2: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 18952067, 25287355, 25956450, 21544567; Phenotypes: Neutral lipid storage disease with myopathy MIM#610717; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.6107 | CREB3L3 |
Bryony Thompson gene: CREB3L3 was added gene: CREB3L3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: CREB3L3 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: CREB3L3 were set to 32580631; 29954705; 27982131; 27291420; 26427795; 21666694 Phenotypes for gene: CREB3L3 were set to Hyperlipidaemia; hypertriglyceridemia Review for gene: CREB3L3 was set to AMBER Added comment: PMID: 26427795 - a loss of function variant (c.359delG p.K120fsX20) was identified in 2 affected adult siblings and a 13 yo normotriglyceridemic daughter of one of the siblings. PMID: 21666694 - Lipoprotein profiles of the families of 4 individuals with CREB3L3 nonsense mutations showed a significantly elevated mean plasma TG level in 11 mutation carriers compared with 5 non-carrier first-degree relatives (9.67 ± 4.70 vs. 1.66 ± 0.55 mM, P = 0.021, Wilcoxon test). 3 of those families have the same variant - Lys245GlufsTer130, which has 126 (281,946 alleles) hets in gnomAD v2.1. PMID: 32580631 - case-control analysis of nonmonogenic severe hypertriglyceridemia cases (N=265) vs normolipidemic controls (N=477), identified 5 cases with LoF variants (3 of whom had the Lys245GlufsTer130 frameshift) and none in controls. OR 20.2 (95% CI 1.11–366.1) p = 0.002, adjusted p = 0.03. The frequency of Lys245GlufsTer130 is higher than expected for a dominant disorder, but other loss of function variants have been identified. The gene may be associated with variable penetrance. There are multiple supporting null mouse models with hyperlipidaemia. Sources: Expert list |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5739 | ST3GAL5 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ST3GAL5 were changed from to Salt and pepper developmental regression syndrome 609056; GM3 synthase deficiency, MONDO:0018274; Lactosylceramide alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase deficiency (Disorders of glycosphingolipid and glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor glycosylation) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5736 | ST3GAL5 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: ST3GAL5: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 23436467, 22990144, 15502825, 27232954, 30691927, 30688114, 30576498; Phenotypes: Salt and pepper developmental regression syndrome 609056, GM3 synthase deficiency, MONDO:0018274, Lactosylceramide alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase deficiency (Disorders of glycosphingolipid and glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor glycosylation); Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.4743 | PRKD1 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: PMID: 32817298 (2020) - Two additional unrelated cases with de novo variants, c.1774G>C and c.1808G>A, and telangiectasia, ectodermal dysplasia, brachydactyly and congenital heart disease. Functional analysis using in vitro kinase assays with recombinant proteins showed that the c.1808G>A, p.(Arg603His) variant represents a gain-of-function mutation encoding an enzyme with a constitutive, lipid-independent catalytic activity. The c.1774G>C, p.(Gly592Arg) variant in contrast shows a defect in substrate phosphorylation representing a loss-of-function mutation. c.1774G>C, p.(Gly592Arg) is recurrent, reported in 3/5 individuals.; to: PMID: 27479907 (2016): three individuals reported, two with the c.1774G>A variant and one with the c.896T>G variant. All had congenital heart disease, two had some developmental delay, and two had variable features of ectodermal dysplasia, including sparse hair, dry skin, thin skin, fragile nails, premature loss of primary teeth, and small widely spaced teeth; the third individuals had a 'disorganized eyebrow.' PMID: 32817298 (2020) - Two additional unrelated cases with de novo variants, c.1774G>C and c.1808G>A, and telangiectasia, ectodermal dysplasia, brachydactyly and congenital heart disease. Functional analysis using in vitro kinase assays with recombinant proteins showed that the c.1808G>A, p.(Arg603His) variant represents a gain-of-function mutation encoding an enzyme with a constitutive, lipid-independent catalytic activity. The c.1774G>C, p.(Gly592Arg) variant in contrast shows a defect in substrate phosphorylation representing a loss-of-function mutation. c.1774G>C, p.(Gly592Arg) is recurrent, reported in 3/5 individuals. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.1744 | SLC25A32 |
Zornitza Stark gene: SLC25A32 was added gene: SLC25A32 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC25A32 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SLC25A32 were set to 26933868; 28443623 Phenotypes for gene: SLC25A32 were set to Exercise intolerance, riboflavin-responsive, MIM# 616839 Review for gene: SLC25A32 was set to GREEN Added comment: Two unrelated families reported with functional data. Muscle biopsy showed ragged-red fibers and lipid storage mainly in type I oxidative fibers, small type II fibers, and poor immunostaining for succinate dehydrogenase (FAD-dependent mitochondrial respiratory chain complex II). Oral supplementation with riboflavin led to dramatic improvement in the clinical and biologic abnormalities. Sources: Expert list |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.1086 | ABHD5 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ABHD5 were changed from to Chanarin-Dorfman syndrome MIM#275630; neutral lipid storage disease with ichthyosis; non-bullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.1083 | ABHD5 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: ABHD5: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 30795549; Phenotypes: Chanarin-Dorfman syndrome MIM#275630, neutral lipid storage disease with ichthyosis, non-bullous congenital ichthyosiform erithroderma; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.331 | VAMP2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: VAMP2 was added gene: VAMP2 was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: VAMP2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: VAMP2 were set to 30929742 Phenotypes for gene: VAMP2 were set to Intellectual disability; Autism Review for gene: VAMP2 was set to GREEN Added comment: 5 unrelated patients with heterozygous de novo mutations in VAMP2, presenting with a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by axial hypotonia, intellectual disability, and autistic features. Affected individuals carrying de novo non-synonymous variants involving the C-terminal region presented a more severe phenotype with additional neurological features, including central visual impairment, hyperkinetic movement disorder, and epilepsy or electroencephalography abnormalities. Reconstituted fusion involving a lipid-mixing assay indicated impairment in vesicle fusion as one of the possible associated disease mechanisms. Sources: Literature |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.0 | LIPI |
Zornitza Stark gene: LIPI was added gene: LIPI was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Expert Review Green,Victorian Clinical Genetics Services Mode of inheritance for gene: LIPI was set to Unknown |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||