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| Mendeliome v1.1888 | CRNKL1 |
Mark Cleghorn gene: CRNKL1 was added gene: CRNKL1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Other Mode of inheritance for gene: CRNKL1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Phenotypes for gene: CRNKL1 were set to complex neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO:0100038 Review for gene: CRNKL1 was set to GREEN Added comment: Unpublished, presented at ESHG June 2024 - Louise Bicknell, University of Otago NZ 8 unrelated families via gene matcher with rare, de novo, missense variants in CRNKL1 severe microcephaly (all, -8 to -11 SD) ID/epilepsy pontocerebellar hypoplasia (6/8) simplified gyration (8/8) 7 variants are missense at p.Arg267 residue 1 variant missense at p.Arg301 RNA-seq on patient fibroblasts - no alteration in gene expression Zebrafish homolog of Arg267 and Arg301 - mimics observed phenotype (reduced brain development), increased in embryo apoptosis RNA seq on affected zebrafish embryos - transcriptome strongly disrupted Splicing analysis in progress CRKNL1 supports U6 structure in spliceosome Sources: Other |
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| Mendeliome v1.1886 | DDOST | Achchuthan Shanmugasundram reviewed gene: DDOST: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 34462534; Phenotypes: Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Ir, OMIM:614507; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1884 | SENP7 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: SENP7: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 38972567, 37460201; Phenotypes: Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, MONDO:0015168, SENP7-related; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1884 | MYZAP |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: 10 individuals from four unrelated families with bi-allelic variants in this gene with DCM. Supportive zebrafish model. Note the MYZAP and GCOM1 genes are part of the GRINL1A complex transcription unit. Some of the reported variants affect GCOM1 with postulated effect on MYZAP due to read through transcription (two families), and in the rest of the families MYZAP was affected directly. Sources: Literature; to: 10 individuals from four unrelated families with bi-allelic variants in this gene with DCM. Supportive zebrafish model. The MYZAP gene is part of the GRINL1A complex transcription unit (CTU), or GCOM1, which also includes the downstream POLR2M gene, or GRINL1A.. Some of the reported variants affect GCOM1 with postulated effect on MYZAP due to read through transcription (two families), and in the rest of the families MYZAP was affected directly. Transcription from an upstream promoter within the GRINL1A CTU produces 2 types of alternatively spliced transcripts: MYZAP transcripts, also called GRINL1A upstream (GUP) transcripts, which include only exons from the MYZAP gene, and GRINL1A combined (GCOM) transcripts, which include exons from both the MYZAP gene and the downstream POLR2M gene. Transcription of the POLR2M gene initiates at a downstream promoter within the GRINL1A CTU and produces alternatively spliced POLR2M transcripts, also called GRINL1A downstream (GDOWN) transcripts, which include only exons from the POLR2M gene Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1883 | MYZAP |
Zornitza Stark gene: MYZAP was added gene: MYZAP was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: MYZAP was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: MYZAP were set to 34899865; 35840178; 38436102; 20093627 Phenotypes for gene: MYZAP were set to Cardiomyopathy, dilated, 2K, MIM# 620894 Review for gene: MYZAP was set to GREEN Added comment: 10 individuals from four unrelated families with bi-allelic variants in this gene with DCM. Supportive zebrafish model. Note the MYZAP and GCOM1 genes are part of the GRINL1A complex transcription unit. Some of the reported variants affect GCOM1 with postulated effect on MYZAP due to read through transcription (two families), and in the rest of the families MYZAP was affected directly. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1877 | RNU4-2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: RNU4-2 were changed from Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, RNU4-2 related to Neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia, brain anomalies, distinctive facies, and absent language, MIM# 620851 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1876 | SELENBP1 |
Sangavi Sivagnanasundram gene: SELENBP1 was added gene: SELENBP1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: ClinGen Mode of inheritance for gene: SELENBP1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SELENBP1 were set to 29255262 Phenotypes for gene: SELENBP1 were set to extraoral halitosis due to methanethiol oxidase deficiency MONDO:0029144 Review for gene: SELENBP1 was set to GREEN Added comment: 3 unrelated probands in one publication. All reported individuals had a “cabbage-like” breath odour due to the elevated levels of methanethiol and dimethylsulfide in their breath. Knockout mouse model recapitulating the human phenotype including the biochemical characteristics. Classified as Moderate by ClinGen Aminoacidopathy GCEP on 11/11/2022 https://search.clinicalgenome.org/CCID:006103 Sources: ClinGen |
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| Mendeliome v1.1872 | SREBF2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: SREBF2 was added gene: SREBF2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SREBF2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: SREBF2 were set to 38847193 Phenotypes for gene: SREBF2 were set to Neurocutaneous syndrome, MONDO:0042983, SREBF2-related Review for gene: SREBF2 was set to AMBER Added comment: Two individuals with de novo missense variants, presenting with neurological, cutaneous and skeletal features; supportive functional data. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1869 | PSMC5 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: PSMC5 were changed from Developmental disorders to Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO#0700092), PSMC5-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1865 | PSMF1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: PSMF1 was added gene: PSMF1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: PSMF1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: PSMF1 were set to https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.19.24308302v1 Phenotypes for gene: PSMF1 were set to Complex neurodevelopmental disorder with motor features, MONDO:0100516, PSMF1-related Review for gene: PSMF1 was set to GREEN Added comment: 22 individuals from 15 families reported with a range of neurological phenotypes ranging from early-onset Parkinson's disease; childhood conditions typified by ID and a range of movement disorders; through to perinatal lethal presentations with arthrogryposis multiplex. Genotype-phenotype correlation: biallelic missense variants resulted in the milder phenotypes, while bi-allelic LoF variants in the more severe phenotypes. Supportive functional data. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1860 | TUBA4A | Bryony Thompson reviewed gene: TUBA4A: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 38884572, 37418012; Phenotypes: Hereditary ataxia MONDO:0100309, TUBA4A-related; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1860 | PSMC5 | Rylee Peters reviewed gene: PSMC5: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID: 38776958, 38293138; Phenotypes: Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO#0700092), PSMC5-related; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1859 | SERPINA11 |
Ain Roesley gene: SERPINA11 was added gene: SERPINA11 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SERPINA11 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SERPINA11 were set to 38831697 Review for gene: SERPINA11 was set to RED gene: SERPINA11 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: 1 family with 2 fetuses. 1st fetus presented with isolated pericardial effusion and a TOP was opted. post mortem: mild subcutaneous edema with subtle facial dysmorphic features small gelatinous glistening cyst on the right pericardium. Bilateral pleural effusion and multiple similar cysts were noted on the lung surfaces 2nd fetus also presented with pleural and pericardial effusion and a TOP was opted post mortem findings were similar to fetus#1 homozygous nonsense variant in SERPINA11 was found p.(Tyr224*) Immunofluorescence of lung sections from fetus#1 and a gestation-matched fetus as a control demonstrated undetectable levels of SERPINA11 in the bronchiolar epithelium Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1857 | PSMD11 |
Bryony Thompson gene: PSMD11 was added gene: PSMD11 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: PSMD11 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: PSMD11 were set to 38866022; 30733659 Phenotypes for gene: PSMD11 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, PSMD11-related Review for gene: PSMD11 was set to GREEN Added comment: PMID: 38866022 - 10 unrelated children with early-onset syndromic intellectual disability and neurodevelopmental delay with recurrent obesity. Cognitive impairment is recapitulated in a drosophila model. Loss of function is the mechanism of disease PMID: 30733659 - 4 probands with ID and different 17q11.2 deletions spanning PSMD11 Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1855 | C10orf71 |
Sangavi Sivagnanasundram gene: C10orf71 was added gene: C10orf71 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Other Mode of inheritance for gene: C10orf71 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Publications for gene: C10orf71 were set to 38950288 Phenotypes for gene: C10orf71 were set to dilated cardiomyopathy MONDO:0005021 Review for gene: C10orf71 was set to GREEN Added comment: Identified a frameshift variant in a large multigenerational family with 8 affected individuals. Further identified four other loss of function variants in a large Chinese cohort of sporadic DCM cases. >50 unrelated individuals identified with loss of function variants. c10orf71-Knockout mouse model recapitulating DCM human phenotype (impairs cardiac function) in the presence of the frameshift variant. Sources: Other |
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| Mendeliome v1.1853 | USP25 |
Sangavi Sivagnanasundram gene: USP25 was added gene: USP25 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Other Mode of inheritance for gene: USP25 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: USP25 were set to 38875478 Phenotypes for gene: USP25 were set to USP25-related epilepsy (epilepsy, idiopathic generalized, MONDO:0005579) Mode of pathogenicity for gene: USP25 was set to Other Review for gene: USP25 was set to GREEN Added comment: PMID: 38875478 5 heterozygous variants were identified in 8 individuals from 5 unrelated families all with clinical phenotypes associated with generalised epilepsy. Knock-out mouse model showed increased seizure susceptibility compared to the WT. Both loss of function and gain of function variants can be a mechanism of disease in individuals with USP25-related epilepsy. Sources: Other |
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| Mendeliome v1.1851 | RBFOX3 |
Zornitza Stark gene: RBFOX3 was added gene: RBFOX3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: RBFOX3 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: RBFOX3 were set to 35951651; 36117209; 24039908 Phenotypes for gene: RBFOX3 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO:0700092), RBFOX3-related Review for gene: RBFOX3 was set to AMBER Added comment: Reported as a candidate gene for epilepsy, particularly Rolandic epilepsy. Two supportive animal models. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1847 | GRXCR2 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: GRXCR2: Added comment: PMID:33528103 reported another family and an unrelated individual from Cameroon with a different homozygous variant (c.251delC/ p.Ile85SerfsTer33).; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed publications: 24619944, 33528103 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1847 | THBS2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: THBS2 were changed from {Lumbar disc herniation, susceptibility to} 603932; connective tissue disorder MONDO:0003900, THBS2-related to Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, classic type, 3, MIM# 620865 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1845 | MTSS1L | Ain Roesley Phenotypes for gene: MTSS1L were changed from Intellectual disability, MTSS2-related (MONDO#0001071) to ntellectual developmental disorder with ocular anomalies and distinctive facial features MIM#620086 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1840 | SUMF1 |
Achchuthan Shanmugasundram changed review comment from: PMID:38863195 reported three unrelated cases with biallelic SUMF1 variants and retinal dystrophy. One of them was a paediatric patient with an attenuated phenotype, while the other two are adult patients with non-syndromic retinal dystrophy.; to: PMID:38863195 reported three unrelated cases with biallelic SUMF1 variants and retinal dystrophy. One of them was a paediatric patient with an attenuated phenotype, while the other two are adult patients with non-syndromic retinal dystrophy. Retinal dystrophy is part of the multiple sulfatase deficiency phenotype (MIM #272200) typically associated with biallelic variants in SUMF1, and these cases show that presumed hypomorphic variants in SUMF1 may also be associated with non-syndromic retinal dystrophy. |
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| Mendeliome v1.1840 | PRRX1 |
Melanie Marty changed review comment from: > 17 individuals with Craniosynostosis from 14 families had been found to have rare heterozygous variants in PRRX1, loss of function variants (PTCs, start loss and partial/full gene del) or missense variants affecting the homeodomain. > These consisted of three de novo variants, but for the majority of cases the variant was inherited from an unaffected parent, yielding an estimate for the penetrance of craniosynostosis of 12.5%. > These results were also supported by immunofluorescence analyses which showed that missense variants within the PRRX1 homeodomain cause abnormal nuclear localisation (PMID: 37154149) > Authors discuss how the previous reports of agnathia-otocephaly doesn't fit with this new evidence and they showed that a missense variant previously reported in a patient with agnathia-otocephaly p.(Phe113Leu) did not affect nuclear import. Supporting evidence: > Post-natal calvarial stem cells expressing Prrx1 have been shown to reside exclusively in the calvarial suture niche, suggesting a requirement for PRRX1 regarding suture patency during early development (PMID: 28366454) >Prrx1 has been shown to be widely expressed within the mouse coronal suture (PMID: 34376651) >Agnathia-otocephaly complex, 2 x missense variants (1 x het, 1 x hom) and 2 x frameshifts reported (het). The frameshift variants both occur in a poly A tract (PMID: 21294718, PMID: 22674740, PMID: 23444262, PMID: 22211708). Authors of the more recent publication on Craniosynostosis (PMID: 37154149) cast some doubt on the reports for Agnathia-otocephaly, possible explanations discussed are that this condition is AR and a 2nd hit was missed or another cause was not identified such as variants in OTX2. > PMID: 7758948 generated a loss-of-function mutation in the mouse Pmx1 gene. Mice homozygous for the mutant allele died soon after birth and exhibited defects of skeletogenesis, which involved the loss or malformation of craniofacial, limb, and vertebral skeletal structures. ; to: Craniosynostosis (MONDO:0015469), PRRX1-related > 17 individuals with Craniosynostosis from 14 families had been found to have rare heterozygous variants in PRRX1, loss of function variants (PTCs, start loss and partial/full gene del) or missense variants affecting the homeodomain. > These consisted of three de novo variants, but for the majority of cases the variant was inherited from an unaffected parent, yielding an estimate for the penetrance of craniosynostosis of 12.5%. > These results were also supported by immunofluorescence analyses which showed that missense variants within the PRRX1 homeodomain cause abnormal nuclear localisation (PMID: 37154149) > Authors discuss how the previous reports of agnathia-otocephaly doesn't fit with this new evidence and they showed that a missense variant previously reported in a patient with agnathia-otocephaly p.(Phe113Leu) did not affect nuclear import. Supporting evidence: > Post-natal calvarial stem cells expressing Prrx1 have been shown to reside exclusively in the calvarial suture niche, suggesting a requirement for PRRX1 regarding suture patency during early development (PMID: 28366454) >Prrx1 has been shown to be widely expressed within the mouse coronal suture (PMID: 34376651) Agnathia-otocephaly complex, MIM# 202650 >Agnathia-otocephaly complex, 2 x missense variants (1 x het, 1 x hom) and 2 x frameshifts reported (het). The frameshift variants both occur in a poly A tract (PMID: 21294718, PMID: 22674740, PMID: 23444262, PMID: 22211708). Authors of the more recent publication on Craniosynostosis (PMID: 37154149) cast some doubt on the reports for Agnathia-otocephaly, possible explanations discussed are that this condition is AR and a 2nd hit was missed or another cause was not identified such as variants in OTX2. > PMID: 7758948 generated a loss-of-function mutation in the mouse Pmx1 gene. Mice homozygous for the mutant allele died soon after birth and exhibited defects of skeletogenesis, which involved the loss or malformation of craniofacial, limb, and vertebral skeletal structures. |
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| Mendeliome v1.1840 | PRRX1 | Melanie Marty reviewed gene: PRRX1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 37154149, 28366454, 34376651; Phenotypes: Craniosynostosis (MONDO:0015469), PRRX1-related; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1838 | RDH14 |
Zornitza Stark gene: RDH14 was added gene: RDH14 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: RDH14 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: RDH14 were set to 34848785 Phenotypes for gene: RDH14 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, RDH14-related Review for gene: RDH14 was set to RED Added comment: Two related individuals with ID and cerebellar atrophy and homozygous LoF variant reported. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1836 | KMO |
Zornitza Stark gene: KMO was added gene: KMO was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: KMO was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: KMO were set to 28187857; 24189070 Phenotypes for gene: KMO were set to pellagra MONDO:0019975 Review for gene: KMO was set to RED Added comment: Classified as no known disease relationship by ClinGen Aminoacidopathy GCEP on 12/05/2023 - https://search.clinicalgenome.org/CCID:005248 Only two knock out mouse models have ben reported that exhibited behavioural changes including memory impairment and anxiety like behaviour. Not reported as disease causing in any affected individuals at this stage and no evidence of any inborn errors of amino acid metabolism. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1835 | FUZ | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: FUZ were changed from {Neural tube defects, susceptibility to} MIM#182940; craniosynostosis, FUZ-related MONDO#0015469 to {Neural tube defects, susceptibility to} MIM#182940; craniosynostosis, FUZ-related MONDO#0015469; Ciliopathy_MONDO_0005308, FUZ-related; skeletal ciliopathy | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1833 | ATXN7L3 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ATXN7L3 were changed from Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO_0100500 to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO_0100500, ATXN7L3-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1830 | FAM177A1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: FAM177A1 were changed from Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO_0100500 to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO_0100500, FAM177A1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1829 | ERF | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ERF were changed from Craniosynostosis 4, MIM# 600775; Chitayat syndrome, MIM# 617180 to Craniosynostosis 4, MIM# 600775; Chitayat syndrome, MIM# 617180; Noonan syndrome-like, MONDO:0018997, with or without craniosynostosis, ERF-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1828 | ERF | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: ERF: Changed phenotypes: Craniosynostosis 4, MIM# 600775, Chitayat syndrome, MIM# 617180, Noonan syndrome-like, MONDO:0018997, with or without craniosynostosis, ERF-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1828 | MSL2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: MSL2 were changed from Developmental disorders; autism to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, MSL2-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1825 | HGF | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: HGF were changed from Deafness, autosomal recessive 39, MIM# 608265 to Deafness, autosomal recessive 39, MIM# 608265; Lymphoedema, MONDO:0019297, HGF-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1822 | HGF | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: HGF: Added comment: More than 10 families reported with childhood- to late-onset lymphoedema.; Changed publications: 19576567, 38676400, 38791500; Changed phenotypes: Deafness, autosomal recessive 39, MIM# 608265, Lymphoedema, MONDO:0019297, HGF-related; Changed mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1822 | TKFC | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: TKFC were changed from Triokinase and FMN cyclase deficiency syndrome, MIM#618805; Developmental delay; cataracts; liver dysfunction to Triokinase and FMN cyclase deficiency syndrome, MIM#618805; Inborn error of immunity, MONDO:0003778, TKFC-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1821 | TKFC | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: TKFC: Added comment: Single individual reported with homozygous variant and isolated immunodeficiency.; Changed publications: 32004446'38697782; Changed phenotypes: Triokinase and FMN cyclase deficiency syndrome, MIM#618805, Inborn error of immunity, MONDO:0003778, TKFC-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1819 | FLT3LG |
Ain Roesley gene: FLT3LG was added gene: FLT3LG was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: FLT3LG was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: FLT3LG were set to 38701783 Phenotypes for gene: FLT3LG were set to Increased susceptibility to infections Review for gene: FLT3LG was set to RED gene: FLT3LG was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: 3x sibs from a consanguineous family with a homozygous frameshift variant p.(Ser118Alafs*23) recurrent infections and hypoplastic bone marrow with marked reduction in HPSCs KO mice recapitulated BM findings over a period of 5 (P1), 9 (P2), and 19 (P3) years of follow-up, all 3 were found to have moderate anaemia. Total platelet counts and morphology decreased in 2 siblings. Total WBC oscillated between low and normal Eosinophils, basophils were in normal range Neutrophils were in the lower part of the control range, ocassiannly lower total lymphocyte counts were normal Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1817 | MSL2 | Sangavi Sivagnanasundram reviewed gene: MSL2: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 38815585, 38702431; Phenotypes: MSL2-Related Developmental Disorder; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1816 | ATXN7L3 |
Chirag Patel gene: ATXN7L3 was added gene: ATXN7L3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ATXN7L3 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: ATXN7L3 were set to PMID: 38753057 Phenotypes for gene: ATXN7L3 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO_0100500 Review for gene: ATXN7L3 was set to GREEN gene: ATXN7L3 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: This study reports 9 unrelated individuals with de novo heterozygous variants in ATXN7L3 identified through WES testing and GeneMatcher. Core clinical features included: global motor and language developmental delay, hypotonia, and dysmorphic features (hypertelorism, epicanthal folds, blepharoptosis, small nose, small mouth, and low-set posteriorly rotated ears). Variable features included: feeding difficulties, seizures, mild periventricular leukomalacia, and structural cardiac abnormalities. A recurrent nonsense variant [p.(Arg114Ter)] was found in 5/9 individuals. The other variants were 1 frameshift [p.(Ser112LysfsTer12)] and 3 missense variants [p.(Ile71Thr), p.(Ser92Arg), and p.(Leu106Pro)]. They investigated the effects of the recurrent nonsense variant [p.(Arg114Ter)] in fibroblasts of an affected individual. ATXN7L3 protein levels were reduced, and deubiquitylation was impaired (as indicated by an increase in histone H2Bub1 levels). This is consistent with the previous observation of increased H2Bub1 levels in Atxn7l3-null mouse embryos, which have developmental delay and embryonic lethality. Pathogenic variants in deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) have been implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders (ND) and congenital abnormalities. ATXN7L3 is a component of the DUB module of the SAGA complex, and two other related DUB modules, and serves as an obligate adaptor protein of 3 ubiquitin-specific proteases (USP22, USP27X or USP51). Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1814 | FAM177A1 |
Chirag Patel gene: FAM177A1 was added gene: FAM177A1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: FAM177A1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: FAM177A1 were set to PMID: 38767059, 25558065 Phenotypes for gene: FAM177A1 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO_0100500 Review for gene: FAM177A1 was set to GREEN gene: FAM177A1 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: PMID: 38767059 5 individuals from 3 unrelated families reported with with biallelic loss of function variants in FAM177A1. Clinical features included: global developmental delay, intellectual disability, seizures, behavioural abnormalities, hypotonia, gait disturbance, and macrocephaly. They showed that FAM177A1 localizes to the Golgi complex in mammalian and zebrafish cells. Intersection of the RNA-seq and metabolomic datasets from FAM177A1-deficient human fibroblasts and whole zebrafish larvae demonstrated dysregulation of pathways associated with apoptosis, inflammation, and negative regulation of cell proliferation. PMID: 25558065 A study of 143 multiplex consanguineous families identified a homozygous frameshift variant in FAM177A1 in 1 family with 4 affected siblings with intellectual disability, dolicocephaly, obesity, and macrocephaly. The variant segregated with all 4 affected siblings and parents were confirmed heterozygous carriers. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1810 | ANO4 |
Ain Roesley gene: ANO4 was added gene: ANO4 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ANO4 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: ANO4 were set to 38744284 Phenotypes for gene: ANO4 were set to neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO:0700092, ANO4-related Review for gene: ANO4 was set to GREEN gene: ANO4 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: aka TMEM16D 5x de novo + 2x inherited missense (73% penetrance + asymptomatic) the ones with de novo variants: all had ID, hypotonia 4x skeletal features (scoliosis, funnel chest, pet plants, hyper extensible joints) all had epilepsy all had abnormal MRI Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1808 | KCND1 |
Ain Roesley gene: KCND1 was added gene: KCND1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: KCND1 was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females Publications for gene: KCND1 were set to 38772379 Phenotypes for gene: KCND1 were set to neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO:0700092, KCND1-related Review for gene: KCND1 was set to GREEN gene: KCND1 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: 18 males from 17 families 2x de novo missense + 3x maternal NMDs + 12x maternal missense Some functional studies were done 14x ID 4x delayed motor dev 7x muscular hypotonia 6x epilepsy Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1806 | LRRC23 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: LRRC23 were changed from Non-syndromic male infertility due to sperm motility disorder, (MONDO:0017173), LRRC23-related to Spermatogenic failure 92, MIM# 620848 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1803 | POLD1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: POLD1 were changed from Mandibular hypoplasia, deafness, progeroid features, and lipodystrophy syndrome, MIM# 615381; MONDO:0014157; Combined immunodeficiency, MONDO:0015131, POLD1-related to Mandibular hypoplasia, deafness, progeroid features, and lipodystrophy syndrome, MIM# 615381; MONDO:0014157; Immunodeficiency 120, MIM# 620836 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1800 | GABRA4 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: GABRA4 were changed from Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy MONDO:0100062, GABRA4-related to Neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO:0700092, GABRA4-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1797 | GABRA4 |
Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: GABRA4: Added comment: Three more novel de novo missense variants in GABRA4 (NM_000809.4): c.797 C > T, p.(Pro266Leu), c.899 C > A, p.(Thr300Asn), and c.634 G > A, p.(Val212Ile) reported. The p.(Thr300Asn) variant impacts the same codon as the previously reported variant p.(Thr300Ile) and likely arose post-zygotically as evidenced by sequencing oral mucosal cells. Overlapping phenotypes among affected individuals included developmental delay (4/4), epileptiform EEG abnormalities (3/4), attention deficits (3/4), seizures (2/4), autistic features (2/4) and structural brain abnormalities (2/4).; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed publications: 35152403, 38565639; Changed phenotypes: Neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO:0700092, GABRA4-related |
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| Mendeliome v1.1789 | SHROOM4 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: SHROOM4 were changed from Stocco dos Santos X-linked mental retardation syndrome, 300434; Intellectual disability to Congenital anomaly of the kidney and urinary tracy (CAKUT), SHROOM4-related, MONDO:0019719; epilepsy, idiopathic generalised, SHROOM4-related, MONDO:0005579 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1788 | ALG9 | Ain Roesley Phenotypes for gene: ALG9 were changed from Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Il, MIM#608776; Gillessen-Kaesbach-Nishimura syndrome, MIM# 263210; Polycystic kidney disease to Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Il, MIM#608776; Gillessen-Kaesbach-Nishimura syndrome, MIM# 263210; Polycystic kidney disease; ALG9-associated autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease MONDO:0700000 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1787 | AGTR2 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Variants in AGTR2 have been reported in individuals presenting various neurodevelopmental phenotypes, including intellectual disability, autistic features, epileptic seizures, speech delay, restlessness, and hyperactivity, as early as 2002. Per criteria outlined by the ClinGen Lumping and Splitting Working Group, we found no difference in molecular mechanism, inheritance pattern, or phenotypic variability. Therefore, for the purposes of this curation, all of these features have been lumped into one disease entity, X-linked complex neurodevelopmental disorder. Although eight unique variants, including missense and truncating, have been reported in affected humans, the majority (six) have been ruled out from disease-causality based on high frequency in control populations (Piton et al., PMID 23871722), occurrence in unaffected males (Erdmann et al., PMID 14722754), non-segregation within a family (Bienvenu et al., PMID 12746399), and lack of enrichment in patients in a case-control study (Huang et al., PMID 16283672). Given that the two remaining variants are missense with no supporting functional evidence, and AGTR2 was the only gene sequenced in each case, the ClinGen Intellectual Disability and Autism Working Group recommended awarding 0 points for these variants. There are two AGTR2 mouse models which collectively show altered neuronal spine morphology, spatial memory impairment, delayed learning, and reduced exploratory behavior (PMIDs 18335189 and 7477267). Sources: Expert Review; to: DISPUTED by ClinGen: Variants in AGTR2 have been reported in individuals presenting various neurodevelopmental phenotypes, including intellectual disability, autistic features, epileptic seizures, speech delay, restlessness, and hyperactivity, as early as 2002. Per criteria outlined by the ClinGen Lumping and Splitting Working Group, we found no difference in molecular mechanism, inheritance pattern, or phenotypic variability. Therefore, for the purposes of this curation, all of these features have been lumped into one disease entity, X-linked complex neurodevelopmental disorder. Although eight unique variants, including missense and truncating, have been reported in affected humans, the majority (six) have been ruled out from disease-causality based on high frequency in control populations (Piton et al., PMID 23871722), occurrence in unaffected males (Erdmann et al., PMID 14722754), non-segregation within a family (Bienvenu et al., PMID 12746399), and lack of enrichment in patients in a case-control study (Huang et al., PMID 16283672). Given that the two remaining variants are missense with no supporting functional evidence, and AGTR2 was the only gene sequenced in each case, the ClinGen Intellectual Disability and Autism Working Group recommended awarding 0 points for these variants. There are two AGTR2 mouse models which collectively show altered neuronal spine morphology, spatial memory impairment, delayed learning, and reduced exploratory behavior (PMIDs 18335189 and 7477267). Sources: Expert Review |
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| Mendeliome v1.1787 | AGTR2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: AGTR2 was added gene: AGTR2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review disputed tags were added to gene: AGTR2. Mode of inheritance for gene: AGTR2 was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females Phenotypes for gene: AGTR2 were set to X-linked complex neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO:0100148 Review for gene: AGTR2 was set to RED Added comment: Variants in AGTR2 have been reported in individuals presenting various neurodevelopmental phenotypes, including intellectual disability, autistic features, epileptic seizures, speech delay, restlessness, and hyperactivity, as early as 2002. Per criteria outlined by the ClinGen Lumping and Splitting Working Group, we found no difference in molecular mechanism, inheritance pattern, or phenotypic variability. Therefore, for the purposes of this curation, all of these features have been lumped into one disease entity, X-linked complex neurodevelopmental disorder. Although eight unique variants, including missense and truncating, have been reported in affected humans, the majority (six) have been ruled out from disease-causality based on high frequency in control populations (Piton et al., PMID 23871722), occurrence in unaffected males (Erdmann et al., PMID 14722754), non-segregation within a family (Bienvenu et al., PMID 12746399), and lack of enrichment in patients in a case-control study (Huang et al., PMID 16283672). Given that the two remaining variants are missense with no supporting functional evidence, and AGTR2 was the only gene sequenced in each case, the ClinGen Intellectual Disability and Autism Working Group recommended awarding 0 points for these variants. There are two AGTR2 mouse models which collectively show altered neuronal spine morphology, spatial memory impairment, delayed learning, and reduced exploratory behavior (PMIDs 18335189 and 7477267). Sources: Expert Review |
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| Mendeliome v1.1783 | LCP1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: LCP1 was added gene: LCP1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: LCP1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: LCP1 were set to 38710235 Phenotypes for gene: LCP1 were set to Bone marrow failure syndrome, MONDO:0000159, LCP1-related Review for gene: LCP1 was set to AMBER Added comment: 3 individuals from single kindred presenting with fevers, recurrent infections ,lymphopenia, neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. Murine model with similar phenotype. heterozygous LCP1c.740 -1G>A splice site variant hypothesized to cause dominant negative mode of inheritance Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1779 | KDM5A | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: KDM5A were changed from autism spectrum disorder, MONDO:0005258; Neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO:0700092, KDM5A-related to El Hayek-Chahrour neurodevelopmental syndrome, MIM# 620820; Neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO:0700092, KDM5A-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1770 | C2orf71 | Sangavi Sivagnanasundram reviewed gene: C2orf71: Rating: ; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: https://search.clinicalgenome.org/CCID:005738; Phenotypes: PCARE-related retinopathy MONDO:0800404; Mode of inheritance: None | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1765 | GLUL | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: GLUL were changed from Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, MONDO:0100062, GLUL-related; Glutamine deficiency, congenital MIM#610015; disorder of amino acid metabolism to Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 116, MIM# 620806; Glutamine deficiency, congenital MIM#610015; disorder of amino acid metabolism | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1758 | EPHX1 | Lauren Rogers reviewed gene: EPHX1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Hereditary lipodystrophy, MONDO:0020087, EPHX1-related; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1758 | HOXD12 |
Sangavi Sivagnanasundram gene: HOXD12 was added gene: HOXD12 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Other Mode of inheritance for gene: HOXD12 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: HOXD12 were set to 38663984 Phenotypes for gene: HOXD12 were set to Clubfoot (non-syndromic) MONDO:0007342 Mode of pathogenicity for gene: HOXD12 was set to Other Review for gene: HOXD12 was set to GREEN Added comment: Novel gene-disease association with non-syndromic clubfoot. 10 variants in HOXD12 have been reported in individuals with clubfoot (variants are predominantly missense variants however one rare deletion has been reported). PMID: 38663984 Around 9 individuals from 4 unrelated families have been reported with clubfoot and the variants were shown to segregate. N-terminal region and C-terminal homeobox domain of HOXD12 are known to be clusters for pathogenic variants related to clubfoot. Loss of function variants are less likely to contribute to clubfoot pathogenesis therefore mechanism of disease is suggested as dominant negative but is not confirmed. Sources: Other |
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| Mendeliome v1.1758 | PKHD1L1 |
Sangavi Sivagnanasundram gene: PKHD1L1 was added gene: PKHD1L1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Other Mode of inheritance for gene: PKHD1L1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: PKHD1L1 were set to non syndromic hearing loss (MONDO:0020678) Review for gene: PKHD1L1 was set to GREEN Added comment: At least 4 individuals from unrelated families with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) (2 of the reported probands were from consanguineous parents). The individuals are either homozygous or compound heterozygous for mutations in PKHD1L1 (missense, frameshift and nonsense mutations have been reported). In vitro functional assessment as well as a mini-gene assay of Gly605Arg was conducted. The mini-gene assay on Gly605Arg showed that exon skipping occurs resulting in an in-frame deletion of 48 aa. Both studies didn't use a positive control however loss of function or disruption to protein stability is the speculated mechanism of disease. Sources: Other |
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| Mendeliome v1.1756 | CCDC91 |
Bryony Thompson gene: CCDC91 was added gene: CCDC91 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: CCDC91 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: CCDC91 were set to 38627542 Phenotypes for gene: CCDC91 were set to Punctate palmoplantar keratoderma type III MONDO:0007047 Review for gene: CCDC91 was set to AMBER Added comment: A single 3-generation Chinese acrokeratoelastoidosis family segregates c.1101 + 1 G > A (causes exon 11 skipping). In vitro knockdown experiments in cell lines demonstrated distended Golgi cisternae, cytoplasmic vesicle accumulation, and lysosome presence. Immnunostaining of si-CCDC91-human skin fibroblasts cells demonstrated tropoelastin accumulation in the Golgi and abnormal extracellular aggregates Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1755 | CYHR1 | Bryony Thompson Phenotypes for gene: CYHR1 were changed from Neurodevelopmental disorder and microcephaly, MONDO:0700092, CYHR1-related to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, ZTRAF1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1752 | CYHR1 | Bryony Thompson reviewed gene: CYHR1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 38641995; Phenotypes: neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO:0700092, ZTRAF1-related; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1752 | EHBP1L1 | Ain Roesley Phenotypes for gene: EHBP1L1 were changed from non-immune hydrops fetalis MONDO:0009369, EHBP1L1-related to non-immune hydrops fetalis MONDO:0009369, EHBP1L1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1751 | EHBP1L1 | Ain Roesley Phenotypes for gene: EHBP1L1 were changed from Non-immune hydrops fetalis, MONDO:0015193, EHBP1L1-related to non-immune hydrops fetalis MONDO:0009369, EHBP1L1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1749 | IL27RA |
Ain Roesley gene: IL27RA was added gene: IL27RA was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: IL27RA was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: IL27RA were set to 38509369 Phenotypes for gene: IL27RA were set to Epstein-Barr virus infection MONDO:0005111 , IL27RA-related Review for gene: IL27RA was set to AMBER gene: IL27RA was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: 3 children from 2 families with severe acute EBV infection. fam1: homozygous for p.(Gln96*) (NMD-pred) fam2: chet for p.(Arg446Gly) and c.1142-2A>C the splice variant in fam2 was found to to result in an in-frame deletion p.(Gln381_Ala395del) the missense in fam2 is hypothesised to be a hypomorphic allele: - out of 15 Homs in the Finnish database, 2 had hospital diagnoses of EBV IM - expression of this variant on its own results in a weak but detectable IL-27RA expression associated with significant increase in STAT1/3 phosphorus in response to IL-27 stimulation borderline amber/green due to functional studies performed Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1744 | PRMT9 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: PRMT9 were changed from Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0100500 to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0100500, PRMT9-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1743 | SUPT7L | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: SUPT7L were changed from Lipodystrophy, MONDO:0006573 to Lipodystrophy, MONDO:0006573, SUPT7L-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1742 | PQLC2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: PQLC2 were changed from Retinitis pigmentosa, MONDO:0019200 to Retinitis pigmentosa, MONDO:0019200, PQLC2-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1740 | SLC39A12 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: SLC39A12 were changed from Retinitis pigmentosa, MONDO:0019200 to Retinitis pigmentosa, MONDO:0019200, SLC39A12-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1739 | SLC4A7 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: SLC4A7 were changed from Retinitis pigmentosa, MONDO:0019200 to Retinitis pigmentosa, MONDO:0019200, SLC4A7-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1737 | SLC4A7 |
Chirag Patel gene: SLC4A7 was added gene: SLC4A7 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC4A7 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SLC4A7 were set to PMID: 35486108, 32594822 Phenotypes for gene: SLC4A7 were set to Retinitis pigmentosa, MONDO:0019200 Review for gene: SLC4A7 was set to AMBER Added comment: Total 4 individuals from 3 families (2 known to be from same ethnic origin: Oriental-Jewish) with adult onset retinitis pigmentosa. All individuals had same homozygous frameshift variant in SLC4A7 gene (p.P670Sfs*6). RNA seq analysis revealed retinal expression in human and mouse samples. Immunohistochemistry of human and mouse retina revealed relatively strong expression in various retinal layers. Western blot analysis in fibroblasts from 1 patient showed absence of encoded protein. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1733 | SUPT7L |
Chirag Patel gene: SUPT7L was added gene: SUPT7L was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SUPT7L was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SUPT7L were set to PMID: 38592547 Phenotypes for gene: SUPT7L were set to Lipodystrophy, MONDO:0006573 Review for gene: SUPT7L was set to RED Added comment: 1 case with generalised lipodystrophy, growth retardation, congenital cataracts, severe developmental delay and progeriod features. Trio WGS identified compound heterozygous variants in SUPT7L (missense causing abnormal splicing + frameshift). Variants validated with Sanger. SUPT7L encodes a component of the core structural module of the STAGA complex - a nuclear multifunctional protein complex that plays a role in various cellular processes (e.g. transcription factor binding, protein acetylation, splicing, and DNA damage control). Immunolabelling in fibroblasts from patient showed complete absence of SUPT7L protein. Transcriptome data from individual revealed downregulation of several gene sets associated with DNA replication, DNA repair, cell cycle, and transcription. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1732 | PRMT9 |
Chirag Patel gene: PRMT9 was added gene: PRMT9 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: PRMT9 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: PRMT9 were set to PMID: 38561334 Phenotypes for gene: PRMT9 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0100500 Review for gene: PRMT9 was set to RED Added comment: A homozygous variant (G189R) in PRMT9 is reported based on large WGS study in 136 consanguineous families - unclear if only found in 1 family and no clinical information on case(s). PMRTs (protein arginine methyltransferases) catalyse post translational modification via arginine methylation. Functional studies showed that the G189R variant abolishes PRMT9's methyltransferase activity - specifically at the R508 residue of SF3B2 RNA (exclusively methylated by PRMT9) - and leads to heavy PRMT9 ubiquitination, and abnormal splicing activity of SF3B2. Knock out mouse model showed PRMT9 loss in excitatory neurons leads to aberrant synapse development and impaired learning and memory. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1731 | JAK1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: JAK1 were changed from Eosinophilia; Eosinophilic enteritis; Thyroid disease; Poor growth; Viral infections; Susceptibility to mycobacteria and viruses to Autoinflammation, immunde dysregulation, and eosinophilia, MIM# 618999; Eosinophilia; Eosinophilic enteritis; Thyroid disease; Poor growth; Viral infections; Susceptibility to mycobacteria and viruses | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1728 | JAK1 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: JAK1: Added comment: PMID 38563820: 59 individuals presenting with autoimmunity, atopy, colitis, and/or dermatitis and one of four JAK1 variants.; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed publications: 28111307, 28008925, 30671064, 38563820; Changed phenotypes: Autoinflammatory syndrome, MONDO:0019751, JAK1-related, Eosinophilia, Eosinophilic enteritis, Thyroid disease, Poor growth, Viral infections, Susceptibility to mycobacteria and viruses, Autoinflammation, immunde dysregulation, and eosinophilia, MIM# 618999 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1727 | SRPK3 |
Zornitza Stark gene: SRPK3 was added gene: SRPK3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature digenic tags were added to gene: SRPK3. Mode of inheritance for gene: SRPK3 was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females Publications for gene: SRPK3 were set to 38429495 Phenotypes for gene: SRPK3 were set to Myopathy, MONDO:0005336, digenic SRPK3- and TTN-related Review for gene: SRPK3 was set to GREEN Added comment: 33 individuals reported with SRPK3 variants but myopathy only occurred when TTN variant also present (most truncating). Zebrafish model supports digenic model of inheritance. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1725 | SHARPIN | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: SHARPIN were changed from Autoinflammatory syndrome, MONDO:0019751, SHARPIN-related to Autoinflammation with episodic fever and immune dysregulation, MIM# 620795 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1724 | SHARPIN | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: SHARPIN: Changed phenotypes: Autoinflammation with episodic fever and immune dysregulation, MIM# 620795 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1722 | EHBP1L1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: EHBP1L1 were changed from Non-immune hydrops fetalis, MONDO:0015193, EHBP1l1-related to Non-immune hydrops fetalis, MONDO:0015193, EHBP1L1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1720 | EHBP1L1 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: EHBP1L1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Non-immune hydrops fetalis, MONDO:0015193, EHBP1L1-related; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1718 | PACSIN3 |
Zornitza Stark gene: PACSIN3 was added gene: PACSIN3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: PACSIN3 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: PACSIN3 were set to 38637313 Phenotypes for gene: PACSIN3 were set to Myopathy, MONDO:0005336, PACSIN3-related Review for gene: PACSIN3 was set to AMBER Added comment: Two unrelated families with LoF variants, one homozygous. Muscle phenotype including raised CK. Supportive mouse model. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1716 | FOSL2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: FOSL2 were changed from Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, FOSL2-related to Aplasia cutis-enamel dysplasia syndrome, MIM# 620789 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1715 | KIAA1024L |
Achchuthan Shanmugasundram gene: KIAA1024L was added gene: KIAA1024L was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: KIAA1024L was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: KIAA1024L were set to 35727972 Phenotypes for gene: KIAA1024L were set to Deafness, autosomal recessive 120, OMIM:620238 Review for gene: KIAA1024L was set to GREEN Added comment: New gene name - MINAR2 PMID:35727972 reported 13 patients from four unrelated families with non-syndromic sensorineural hearing loss. Four of these patients had prelingual onset of severe to profound, progressive bilateral hearing loss. The other nine patients had congenital onset of severe to profound bilateral hearing loss, which was not progressive on one patient, while data was not available for the other. Three different homozygous variants (c.144G > A/ p.Trp48Ter, c.412_419delCGGTTTTG/ p.Arg138Valfs*10 and c.393G > T/ p.Lys131Asn) were identified in MINAR2/ KIAA1024L gene in these patients. There is some functional evidence available for the p.Lys131Asn variant. In addition, mice with loss of function of the Minar2 protein present with rapidly progressive sensorineural hearing loss. This gene has also been associated with relevant phenotype in OMIM (MIM #620238). Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1707 | SHARPIN |
Zornitza Stark gene: SHARPIN was added gene: SHARPIN was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SHARPIN was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SHARPIN were set to 38609546 Phenotypes for gene: SHARPIN were set to Autoinflammatory syndrome, MONDO:0019751, SHARPIN-related Review for gene: SHARPIN was set to GREEN Added comment: Two unrelated patients with homozygous frameshift variants presenting with: P1 - recurrent fever, parotitis, joint inflammation, colitis and chronic otitis media necessitating tympanoplasty P2 - recurrent fever episodes with lymphadenopathy and vomiting every 2–3 weeks. Extensive functional data and mouse model. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1703 | PTCRA | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: PTCRA were changed from Autoimmunity, HP:0002960; lymphopenia, MONDO:0003783 to Autoinflammatory syndrome, MONDO:0019751, PTCRA-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1701 | PTCRA | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: PTCRA: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Autoinflammatory syndrome, MONDO:0019751, PTCRA-related; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1698 | EMILIN1 | Chern Lim reviewed gene: EMILIN1: Rating: ; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Neuronopathy, distal hereditary motor, autosomal dominant 10, MIM#620080, Aortic aneurysm, MONDO:0005160, EMILIN1-related, AR.; Mode of inheritance: None | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1698 | ACBD6 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ACBD6 were changed from Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO#0700092), ACBD6-related to Neurodevelopmental disorder with progressive movement abnormalities, MIM# 620785 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1696 | SLC37A3 |
Achchuthan Shanmugasundram gene: SLC37A3 was added gene: SLC37A3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC37A3 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SLC37A3 were set to 28041643; 35486108 Phenotypes for gene: SLC37A3 were set to retinitis pigmentosa, MONDO:0019200 Review for gene: SLC37A3 was set to GREEN Added comment: Three unrelated cases reported with biallelic variants in SLC37A3 gene (One case in PMID:28041643 and two cases in PMID:35486108) and with autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1696 | NAA60 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: NAA60 were changed from Basal ganglia calcification, MONDO:0008947, NAA60-related to Basal ganglia calcification, idiopathic, 9, autosomal recessive, MIM# 620786 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1695 | RTN2 |
Achchuthan Shanmugasundram changed review comment from: PMID:38527963 reported the identification of seven novel or ultra-rare homozygous loss-of-function RTN2 variants in 14 individuals from seven unrelated families with distal hereditary motor neuropathy. All affected individuals exhibited weakness in the distal upper and lower limbs, lower limb spasticity, hyperreflexia, with an onset in the first decade of life. Nerve conduction studies revealed axonal motor neuropathy with neurogenic changes in the electromyography. Characterisation of C. elegans RTN2 homolog loss-of-function variants demonstrated morphological and behavioural differences compared to the parental strain and treatment with an endoplasmic/sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) re-uptake inhibitor (2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone) rescued key phenotypic differences. Biallelic variants in RTN2 gene have not yet been associated with any phenotypes in OMIM or Gene2Phenotype, while monoallelic variants have been associated with spastic paraplegia (MIM #604805) in OMIM.; to: PMID:38527963 reported the identification of seven novel or ultra-rare homozygous loss-of-function RTN2 variants in 14 individuals from seven unrelated families with distal hereditary motor neuropathy. All affected individuals exhibited weakness in the distal upper and lower limbs, lower limb spasticity, hyperreflexia, with an onset in the first decade of life. Nerve conduction studies revealed axonal motor neuropathy with neurogenic changes in the electromyography. Characterisation of C. elegans RTN2 homolog loss-of-function variants demonstrated morphological and behavioural differences compared to the parental strain, and treatment with an endoplasmic/sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) re-uptake inhibitor (2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone) rescued key phenotypic differences. Biallelic variants in RTN2 gene have not yet been associated with any phenotypes in OMIM or Gene2Phenotype, while monoallelic variants have been associated with spastic paraplegia (MIM #604805) in OMIM. |
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| Mendeliome v1.1695 | RTN2 |
Achchuthan Shanmugasundram changed review comment from: PMID:38527963 reported the identification of seven novel or ultra-rare homozygous loss-of-function RTN2 variants in 14 individuals from seven unrelated families with distal hereditary motor neuropathy. All affected individuals (seven males and seven females, aged 9-50 years) exhibited weakness in the distal upper and lower limbs, lower limb spasticity, hyperreflexia, with an onset in the first decade of life. Nerve conduction studies revealed axonal motor neuropathy with neurogenic changes in the electromyography. Characterisation of C. elegans RTN2 homolog loss-of-function variants demonstrated morphological and behavioural differences compared to the parental strain and treatment with an endoplasmic/sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) re-uptake inhibitor (2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone) rescued key phenotypic differences. Biallelic variants in RTN2 gene have not yet been associated with any phenotypes in OMIM or Gene2Phenotype, while monoallelic variants have been associated with spastic paraplegia (MIM #604805) in OMIM.; to: PMID:38527963 reported the identification of seven novel or ultra-rare homozygous loss-of-function RTN2 variants in 14 individuals from seven unrelated families with distal hereditary motor neuropathy. All affected individuals exhibited weakness in the distal upper and lower limbs, lower limb spasticity, hyperreflexia, with an onset in the first decade of life. Nerve conduction studies revealed axonal motor neuropathy with neurogenic changes in the electromyography. Characterisation of C. elegans RTN2 homolog loss-of-function variants demonstrated morphological and behavioural differences compared to the parental strain and treatment with an endoplasmic/sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) re-uptake inhibitor (2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone) rescued key phenotypic differences. Biallelic variants in RTN2 gene have not yet been associated with any phenotypes in OMIM or Gene2Phenotype, while monoallelic variants have been associated with spastic paraplegia (MIM #604805) in OMIM. |
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| Mendeliome v1.1695 | FAM58A | Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: FAM58A was changed from Other to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1694 | FAM58A | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: FAM58A: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: ; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1693 | NSUN6 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: NSUN6 were changed from neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO:0700092, NSUN6-related to Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 82, MIM# 620779 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1691 | CANVAS_ACAGG | Bryony Thompson edited their review of STR: CANVAS_ACAGG: Added comment: Additional 4 unrelated cases homozygous for the (ACAGG)exp and one compound het with AAGGG/ACAGG expansion in a Japanese neuropathy cohort.; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed publications: 33103729, 36061987; Changed phenotypes: cerebellar ataxia with neuropathy and bilateral vestibular areflexia syndrome MONDO:0044720; Set clinically relevant: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1691 | CAPRIN1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: CAPRIN1 were changed from Neurodevelopmental disorder, CAPRIN1-related MONDO:0700092; Neurodegeneration, childhood-onset, with cerebellar ataxia and cognitive decline, MIM# 620636 to Neurodevelopmental disorder with language impairment, autism, and attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, MIM# 620782; Neurodegeneration, childhood-onset, with cerebellar ataxia and cognitive decline, MIM# 620636 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1689 | PSMA5 |
Zornitza Stark gene: PSMA5 was added gene: PSMA5 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: PSMA5 was set to Other Publications for gene: PSMA5 were set to 37600812 Phenotypes for gene: PSMA5 were set to Inborn error of immunity, MONDO:0003778, PSMA5-related; PRAAS/CANDLE Review for gene: PSMA5 was set to RED Added comment: Single patient with heterozygous PSMB8 variant and de-novo PSMA5 truncating variant (p.Arg168*) with clinical features of CANDLE. Patient also had splice site variant in PSMC5. In silico modelling showing interaction of PSMB8 and PSMA5. PSMA5/a5 is a constitutive component of the 20S core proteasome, ? digenic model of disease. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1688 | SNF8 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: SNF8 were changed from Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO:0700092), SNF8-related to Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 115, MIM#620783 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1686 | EFEMP1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: EFEMP1 were changed from Glaucoma 1, open angle, H, MIM# 611276; Doyne honeycomb degeneration of retina, MIM# 126600; EFEMP1-related connective tissue disorder to Doyne honeycomb degeneration of retina, MIM# 126600; Cutis laxa, autosomal recessive, type ID, MIM# 620780; Glaucoma 1, open angle, H, MIM# 611276 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1683 | BANF1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: BANF1 were changed from Nestor-Guillermo progeria syndrome, MIM# 614008 to Nestor-Guillermo progeria syndrome, MIM# 614008; Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, BANF1-related; Hereditary peripheral neuropathy, MONDO:0020127, BANF1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1680 | BANF1 |
Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: BANF1: Added comment: PMID 35982159: Single individual reported with a de novo variant, p.Ala87Thr, and a neurodevelopmental disorder. PMID 36980188: Hereditary peripheral neuropathy, MONDO:0020127, BANF1-related; Changed publications: 32783369, 21549337, 35982159, 36980188; Changed phenotypes: Nestor-Guillermo progeria syndrome, MIM# 614008, Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, BANF1-related, Hereditary peripheral neuropathy, MONDO:0020127, BANF1-related; Changed mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal |
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| Mendeliome v1.1680 | FILIP1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: FILIP1 were changed from Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita MONDO:0015168, FILIP1 related to Neuromuscular disorder, congenital, with dysmorphic facies, MIM# 620775 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1678 | RNU4-2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: RNU4-2 was added gene: RNU4-2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: RNU4-2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Phenotypes for gene: RNU4-2 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, RNU4-2 related Review for gene: RNU4-2 was set to GREEN Added comment: Emerging evidence that de novo variants in this gene cause ID. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1676 | YKT6 |
Zornitza Stark gene: YKT6 was added gene: YKT6 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: YKT6 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: YKT6 were set to 38522068 Phenotypes for gene: YKT6 were set to Syndromic disease, MONDO:0002254, YKT6-related Review for gene: YKT6 was set to AMBER Added comment: Two individuals homozygous for YKT6 [NM_006555.3:c.554A>G p.(Tyr185Cys)] exhibited normal prenatal course followed by failure to thrive, developmental delay and progressive liver disease. Haplotype analysis identified a shared homozygous region flanking the variant, suggesting a common ancestry. The third individual homozygous for YKT6 [NM_006555.3:c.191A>G p.(Tyr64Cys)] exhibited neurodevelopmental disorders and optic atrophy. Supportive functional data in Drosophila. Amber rating due to homozygous missense variants and founder effect in two of the families. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1674 | SEPHS1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: SEPHS1 was added gene: SEPHS1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SEPHS1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: SEPHS1 were set to 38531365 Phenotypes for gene: SEPHS1 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, SEPHS1-related Review for gene: SEPHS1 was set to GREEN Added comment: Nine individuals from eight families with developmental delay, growth and feeding problems, hypotonia, and dysmorphic features, all with heterozygous missense variants in SEPHS1. Eight of these individuals had a recurrent variant at amino acid position 371 of SEPHS1 (p.Arg371Trp, p.Arg371Gln, and p.Arg371Gly); seven of these variants were known to be de novo. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1673 | GLUL | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: GLUL were changed from Glutamine deficiency, congenital MIM#610015; disorder of amino acid metabolism to Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, MONDO:0100062, GLUL-related; Glutamine deficiency, congenital MIM#610015; disorder of amino acid metabolism | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1671 | GLUL | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: GLUL: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, MONDO:0100062, GLUL-related; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1668 | GTF3C5 |
Bryony Thompson gene: GTF3C5 was added gene: GTF3C5 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: GTF3C5 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: GTF3C5 were set to 38520561; 35503477 Phenotypes for gene: GTF3C5 were set to neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO:0700092, GTF3C5-related Review for gene: GTF3C5 was set to GREEN Added comment: 4 families/probands with syndromic ID. Loss of function is the expected PMID: 38520561 - Biallelic variants identified (3 missense & 1 stopgain) in 4 individuals from 3 families presenting with multisystem developmental syndrome including the features: growth retardation, developmental delay, intellectual disability, dental anomalies, cerebellar malformations, delayed bone age, skeletal anomalies, and facial dysmorphism. Gene-disease relationship supported by: reduced protein expression in patient cells, yeast assays, and a zebrafish model PMID: 35503477 - 1 proband with biallelic missense variants and hypomelanosis of Ito, seizures, growth retardation, abnormal brain MRI, developmental delay, and facial dysmorphism Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1664 | PLXNB2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: PLXNB2 were changed from Amelogenesis imperfecta MONDO:0019507, PLXNB2 -related; Sensorineural hearing loss disorder MONDO:0020678, PLXNB2 -related to Syndromic disease MONDO:0002254, PLXNB2 -related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1660 | DOCK4 |
Sangavi Sivagnanasundram gene: DOCK4 was added gene: DOCK4 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Other Mode of inheritance for gene: DOCK4 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Publications for gene: DOCK4 were set to PMID: 38526744 Phenotypes for gene: DOCK4 were set to DOCK4-related neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO:0060490) Review for gene: DOCK4 was set to GREEN Added comment: 7 unrelated individuals reported with heterozygous variants (missense or null variants) in DOCK4. The individuals either had ID or DD between mild and moderate with brain abnormalities. Two of the individuals are reportedly compound heterozygous. Functional assay neuro-2A Dock4 knockout cells by using the Alt-R CRISPR-Cas9 system utilizing two different guide RNAs (ko1 and ko2) and one nonspecific control guide RNA (C: control). The assay depicted the loss of function mechanism in the presence of either p.Arg853Leu and p.Asp946_Lys1966delinsValSer* (described as 945VS). Sources: Other |
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| Mendeliome v1.1657 | DISP1 |
Sangavi Sivagnanasundram changed review comment from: Well-establised gene disease association with differing mechanism of disease depending on the type of causative variant. Monoallelic truncating variants that resulted in haploinsufficiency in DISP1 led to mild HPE. However biallelic missense variants that results in a partial loss of function of DISP1 cause HPE as well. PMID: 38529886 25 individuals from 20 unrelated families with a phenotype associated with mild holoprosencephaly (HPE). A total of 23 different variants were identified in DISP1 (missense, frameshift and nonsense). 14 heterozygous individuals , 5 compound heterozygous individuals, 6 homozygous individuals (5 of the individuals were from 3 unrelated consanguineous families). HPE phenotype was also seen prenatally as one of the reported monoallelic individuals was a fetus at 20+6 GW prior to passing due to MTP. ; to: Gene disease association with differing mechanism of disease depending on the type of causative variant. Monoallelic truncating variants that resulted in haploinsufficiency in DISP1 led to mild HPE. However biallelic missense variants that results in a partial loss of function of DISP1 cause HPE as well. PMID: 38529886 25 individuals from 20 unrelated families with a phenotype associated with mild holoprosencephaly (HPE). A total of 23 different variants were identified in DISP1 (missense, frameshift and nonsense). 14 heterozygous individuals , 5 compound heterozygous individuals, 6 homozygous individuals (5 of the individuals were from 3 unrelated consanguineous families). HPE phenotype was also seen prenatally as one of the reported monoallelic individuals was a fetus at 20+6 GW prior to passing due to MTP. |
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| Mendeliome v1.1657 | DISP1 |
Sangavi Sivagnanasundram changed review comment from: Well-establised gene disease association with differing mechanism of disease depending on the type of causative variant. PMID: 38529886 25 individuals from 20 unrelated families with a phenotype associated with mild holoprosencephaly (HPE). A total of 23 different variants were identified in DISP1 (missense, frameshift and nonsense). Monoallelic truncating variants that resulted in haploinsufficiency in DISP1 led to mild HPE. However biallelic missense variants that results in a partial loss of function f DISP1 cause HPE as well.; to: Well-establised gene disease association with differing mechanism of disease depending on the type of causative variant. Monoallelic truncating variants that resulted in haploinsufficiency in DISP1 led to mild HPE. However biallelic missense variants that results in a partial loss of function of DISP1 cause HPE as well. PMID: 38529886 25 individuals from 20 unrelated families with a phenotype associated with mild holoprosencephaly (HPE). A total of 23 different variants were identified in DISP1 (missense, frameshift and nonsense). 14 heterozygous individuals , 5 compound heterozygous individuals, 6 homozygous individuals (5 of the individuals were from 3 unrelated consanguineous families). HPE phenotype was also seen prenatally as one of the reported monoallelic individuals was a fetus at 20+6 GW prior to passing due to MTP. |
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| Mendeliome v1.1656 | FRYL |
Ain Roesley gene: FRYL was added gene: FRYL was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: FRYL was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: FRYL were set to 38479391 Phenotypes for gene: FRYL were set to neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO:0700092, FRYL-related Review for gene: FRYL was set to GREEN gene: FRYL was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: 14 individuals, all de novo except 1x duo testing (not present in tested father) 5x missense + 8x fs/stopgain + 1x canonical splice 13/13 with ID/DD (1x deceased) 4/14 seizures 7/14 with cardiac anomalies such as PDA, TOF, VSD, dextrocardia 1x also has a de novo fs variant in SF3B4 1x also has a de novo stop gain variant in SDHA functional studies using flies were performed Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1654 | KCNB2 |
Ain Roesley gene: KCNB2 was added gene: KCNB2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: KCNB2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: KCNB2 were set to 38503299 Phenotypes for gene: KCNB2 were set to neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO:0700092, KCNB2-related Review for gene: KCNB2 was set to GREEN gene: KCNB2 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: 7 individuals, all missense 1x from asymptomatic father 2/5 MRI anomalies 2/5 cardiac anomalies 2/7 urogenital anomalies 7/7 with ID 2/7 epilepsy 2/7 hypotonia Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1653 | MAP3K20 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: MAP3K20 were changed from Centronuclear myopathy 6 with fiber-type disproportion MIM#617760; Split-foot malformation with mesoaxial polydactyly MIM#616890 to Syndromic disease, MONDO:0002254, MAP3K20-related; Centronuclear myopathy 6 with fiber-type disproportion MIM#617760; Split-foot malformation with mesoaxial polydactyly MIM#616890 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1650 | MAP3K20 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: MAP3K20: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 38451290; Phenotypes: Syndromic disease, MONDO:0002254, MAP3K20-related; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1649 | PLXNB2 |
Chirag Patel gene: PLXNB2 was added gene: PLXNB2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: PLXNB2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: PLXNB2 were set to PMID: 38458752 Phenotypes for gene: PLXNB2 were set to Amelogenesis imperfecta MONDO:0019507, PLXNB2 -related; Sensorineural hearing loss disorder MONDO:0020678, PLXNB2 -related Review for gene: PLXNB2 was set to GREEN gene: PLXNB2 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: 8 individuals from 6 families with core features of amelogenesis imperfecta and sensorineural hearing loss. Intellectual disability, ocular disease, ear developmental abnormalities and lymphoedema were also present in multiple cases. WES and WGS identified biallelic pathogenic variants in PLXNB2 (missense, nonsense, splice and a multiexon deletion variants). Variants segregated with disease. PLXNB2 is a large transmembrane semaphorin receptor protein, and semaphorin-plexin signalling controls cellular interactions that are critical during development as well as in adult life stages. Plxnb2 expression was detected in differentiating ameloblasts in mice. Human phenotype overlaps with that seen in Plxnb2 knockout mice. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1648 | CEP295 |
Chirag Patel gene: CEP295 was added gene: CEP295 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: CEP295 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: CEP295 were set to PMID: 38154379 Phenotypes for gene: CEP295 were set to Seckel syndrome 11, OMIM # 620767 Review for gene: CEP295 was set to GREEN gene: CEP295 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: 4 children from 2 unrelated families with Seckel-like syndrome - severe primary microcephaly, short stature, developmental delay, intellectual disability, facial deformities, and abnormalities of fingers and toes. WES identified biallelic pathogenic variants in CEP295 gene (p(Q544∗) and p(R1520∗); p(R55Efs∗49) and p(P562L)). Patient-derived fibroblasts and CEP295-depleted U2OS and RPE1 cells were used to clarify the underlying mechanisms. Depletion of CEP295 resulted in a decrease in the numbers of centrioles and centrosomes and triggered p53-dependent G1 cell cycle arrest. Loss of CEP295 caused extensive primary ciliary defects in both patient-derived fibroblasts and RPE1 cells. The results from complementary experiments revealed that the wild-type CEP295, but not the mutant protein, can correct the developmental defects of the centrosome/centriole and cilia in the patient-derived skin fibroblasts. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1646 | FANCI | Ain Roesley Phenotypes for gene: FANCI were changed from Fanconi anemia, complementation group I, MIM# 609053; MONDO:0012186 to Fanconi anemia, complementation group I, MIM# 609053; MONDO:0012186; primary ovarian failure MONDO:0005387, FANCI-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1645 | FANCI | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: FANCI: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 38483614; Phenotypes: primary ovarian failure MONDO:0005387, FANCI-related; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1644 | CAPNS1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: CAPNS1 was added gene: CAPNS1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: CAPNS1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: CAPNS1 were set to 38230350 Phenotypes for gene: CAPNS1 were set to Hereditary pulmonary arterial hypertension MONDO:0017148, CAPNS1-related Review for gene: CAPNS1 was set to AMBER Added comment: Three individuals from two families reported with homozygous splice site variants. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v1.1638 | TCN1 |
Bryony Thompson gene: TCN1 was added gene: TCN1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: TCN1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: TCN1 were set to 29764838; 19686235 Phenotypes for gene: TCN1 were set to transcobalamin I deficiency MONDO:0008659 Review for gene: TCN1 was set to AMBER Added comment: Unclear if TC1 deficiency is associated with a clinical phenotype and only found 2 families with genetic findings. 1 confirmed chet (2 truncating variants) with severe TC 1 deficiency (depression and anxiety only reported symptoms, had sickle cell trait) & another family with 2 siblings that are presumed homozygous for a truncating variant (no plasma or serum TC 1 levels but no DNA available for genetic testing) which was found heterozygous in multiple first-degree relatives. Unclear if there is a clinical phenotype. Heterozygous individuals displayed mildly low or low-normal TC 1 serum levels. Also, 4 homozygotes were identified in a study of a loss-of-function variant associated with lower vitamin B12 concentration in African Americans but there was limited ability to assess the clinical impact of the recessive disease Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1635 | FEM1B | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: FEM1B were changed from Syndromic intellectual disability to Syndromic disease MONDO:0002254, FEM1B-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1634 | FEM1B | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: FEM1B: Added comment: Five individuals reported now with same recurrent missense variant, NM_015322.5:c.377G>A NP_056137.1:p.(Arg126Gln). Affected individuals shared a severe neurodevelopmental disorder with behavioral phenotypes and a variable set of malformations, including brain anomalies, clubfeet, skeletal abnormalities, and facial dysmorphism. Overexpression of the the FEM1BR126Q variant but not FEM1B wild-type protein, during mouse brain development, resulted in delayed neuronal migration of the target cells.; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed publications: 31036916, 38465576; Changed phenotypes: Syndromic disease MONDO:0002254, FEM1B-related; Changed mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1634 | TRPV5 |
Sangavi Sivagnanasundram gene: TRPV5 was added gene: TRPV5 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Other Mode of inheritance for gene: TRPV5 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: TRPV5 were set to PMID: 38528055 Phenotypes for gene: TRPV5 were set to TRPV5-related hypercalciuria (MONDO:0009550) Review for gene: TRPV5 was set to RED Added comment: Not a well-established gene-disease association. Has only been reported in one consanguineous family. PMID: 38528055 3 individuals from the same family affected with hypercalciuria. Biallelic Met598Val variant was identified in the proband and his two affect sibs Functional assay using WT and mutant plasmid vectors were transfected into HEK293T cells. The assay showed that the mutant vector had a non-functional TRPV5 channel as compared to the WT however no positive control was used. Sources: Other |
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| Mendeliome v1.1633 | USP14 |
Zornitza Stark gene: USP14 was added gene: USP14 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: USP14 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: USP14 were set to 38469793; 35066879 Phenotypes for gene: USP14 were set to Syndromic disease MONDO:0002254, USP14-related Review for gene: USP14 was set to GREEN Added comment: PMID 35066879: 3 fetuses from 2 different branches of a consanguineous family, presenting with distal arthrogryposis, underdevelopment of the corpus callosum, and dysmorphic facial features. Exome sequencing identified a biallelic 4-bp deletion (c.233_236delTTCC; p.Leu78Glnfs*11) in USP14, and sequencing of family members showed segregation with the phenotype. Ubiquitin-specific protease 14 (USP14) encodes a major proteasome-associated deubiquitinating enzyme with an established dual role as an inhibitor and an activator of proteolysis, maintaining protein homeostasis. Usp14-deficient mice show a phenotype similar to lethal human multiple congenital contractures phenotypes, with callosal anomalies, muscle wasting, and early lethality, attributed to neuromuscular junction defects due to decreased monomeric ubiquitin pool. RT-qPCR experiment in an unaffected heterozygote revealed that mutant USP14 was expressed, indicating that abnormal transcript escapes nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. PMID 38469793: biallelic USP14 variants in four individuals from three unrelated families: one fetus, a newborn with a syndromic NDD, and two siblings affected by a progressive neurological disease. Specifically, the two siblings from the latter family carried two compound heterozygous variants c.8T>C p.(Leu3Pro) and c.988C>T p.(Arg330*), while the fetus had a homozygous frameshift c.899_902del p.(Lys300Serfs*24) variant and the newborn patient harbored a homozygous frameshift c.233_236del p.(Leu78Glnfs*11) variant. The fetus and the newborn had extensive brain malformations. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1632 | ZFX | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ZFX were changed from Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, ZFX-related to Intellectual developmental disorder, X-linked syndromic 37, MIM# 301118 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1629 | PSMB10 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: PSMB10 were changed from Proteasome-associated autoinflammatory syndrome 5, MIM# 619175 to Proteasome-associated autoinflammatory syndrome 5, MIM# 619175; Severe combined immunodeficiency, MONDO:0015974, PSMB10-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1626 | PSMB10 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: PSMB10: Added comment: PMID 38503300: Six individuals with three de novo missense variants. Individuals presented with T-B-NK± severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) and clinical features suggestive of Omenn syndrome, including diarrhea, alopecia, and desquamating erythematous rash.; Changed publications: 31783057, 37600812, 38503300; Changed phenotypes: Proteasome-associated autoinflammatory syndrome 5, MIM# 619175, Severe combined immunodeficiency, MONDO:0015974, PSMB10-related; Changed mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1625 | CST3 | Bryony Thompson reviewed gene: CST3: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: Other; Publications: 38489591; Phenotypes: leukodystrophy MONDO:0019046, CST3-related; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1624 | CRELD1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: CRELD1 were changed from Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, MONDO:0100062, CRELD1-related; Atrioventricular septal defect, partial, with heterotaxy syndrome, MIM# 606217 to Jeffries-Lakhani neurodevelopmental syndrome, MIM# 620771; Atrioventricular septal defect, partial, with heterotaxy syndrome, MIM# 606217 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1621 | KAT6B | Ain Roesley Phenotypes for gene: KAT6B were changed from SBBYSS syndrome MIM#603736; Genitopatellar syndrome MIM#606170 to SBBYSS syndrome MIM#603736; Genitopatellar syndrome MIM#606170; KAT6B-related multiple congenital anomalies syndrome MONDO:0036042 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1620 | SV2A | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: SV2A were changed from Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, SV2A-related to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, SV2A-related; Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 113, MIM# 620772 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1619 | SV2A | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: SV2A: Changed phenotypes: Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, SV2A-related, Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 113, MIM# 620772 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1619 | GNE | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: GNE were changed from Nonaka myopathy 605820; Sialuria MIM#269921; ADUDP-GlcNAc epimerase/kinase deficiency (Disorders of multiple glycosylation and other glycosylation pathways) to Thrombocytopenia 12 with or without myopathy, MIM#620757; Nonaka myopathy 605820; Sialuria MIM#269921; ADUDP-GlcNAc epimerase/kinase deficiency (Disorders of multiple glycosylation and other glycosylation pathways) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1618 | GNE | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: GNE: Changed phenotypes: Thrombocytopenia 12 with or without myopathy, MIM#620757, Nonaka myopathy 605820, Sialuria MIM#269921, ADUDP-GlcNAc epimerase/kinase deficiency (Disorders of multiple glycosylation and other glycosylation pathways) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1618 | SAMD7 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: SAMD7 were changed from Macular dystrophy, retinal, SAMD7-related MONDO:0031166 to Macular dystrophy with or without cone dysfunction, MIM# 620762 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1616 | FHL2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: FHL2 was added gene: FHL2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: FHL2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: FHL2 were set to 36854411; 25358972 Phenotypes for gene: FHL2 were set to Cardiomyopathy, MONDO:0004994, FHL2-related Review for gene: FHL2 was set to AMBER Added comment: Emerging evidence that variants in this gene may be associated with cardiomyopathy. Reports of HCM and DCM. c.391C>T (p.Arg131Cys) may be recurrent in early-onset DCM. Sources: Expert Review |
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| Mendeliome v1.1613 | ZRSR2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: ZRSR2 was added gene: ZRSR2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: ZRSR2 was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females Publications for gene: ZRSR2 were set to 38158857 Phenotypes for gene: ZRSR2 were set to Orofacialdigital syndrome MONDO:0015375, ZRSR2-related Review for gene: ZRSR2 was set to GREEN Added comment: Oral-facial-digital (OFD) syndrome with brain anomalies ranging from alobar holoprosencephaly to pituitary anomalies. Six unrelated families with two truncating variants and functional studies: - p.(Gly404GlufsTer23): detected in one family with 2x affected males - p.(Arg403GlyfsTer24): 5 unrelated families, both de novo and inherited Sources: Expert Review |
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| Mendeliome v1.1612 | SLC32A1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: SLC32A1 were changed from Genetic epilepsy with febrile seizures plus; Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy MONDO:0100062, SLC32A1-related to Generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus, type 12, MIM# 620755 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1610 | ZFHX3 | Lucy Spencer reviewed gene: ZFHX3: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 38412861; Phenotypes: Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO:0700092), ZFHX3-related; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1610 | EFEMP1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: EFEMP1 were changed from Glaucoma 1, open angle, H, MIM# 611276; Doyne honeycomb degeneration of retina, MIM# 126600; EFEMP1-related connective tissue disorder to Glaucoma 1, open angle, H, MIM# 611276; Doyne honeycomb degeneration of retina, MIM# 126600; EFEMP1-related connective tissue disorder | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1609 | EFEMP1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: EFEMP1 were changed from Doyne honeycomb degeneration of retina, MIM# 126600; EFEMP1-related connective tissue disorder to Glaucoma 1, open angle, H, MIM# 611276; Doyne honeycomb degeneration of retina, MIM# 126600; EFEMP1-related connective tissue disorder | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1608 | EFEMP1 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: EFEMP1: Changed phenotypes: Doyne honeycomb degeneration of retina, MIM# 126600, EFEMP1-related connective tissue disorder, Glaucoma 1, open angle, H, MIM# 611276 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1608 | SLC4A10 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: SLC4A10 were changed from Neurodevelopmental disorderMONDO:0700092, SLC4A10-related to Neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia and characteristic brain abnormalities, MIM# 620746 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1607 | RREB1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: RREB1 were changed from Noonan syndrome-like disorder to Rasopathy, MONDO:0021060, RREB1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1606 | RGS6 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: RGS6 were changed from Cataract,MONDO:0005129; intellectual disability, MONDO:0001071; microcephaly, MONDO:0001149 to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, RGS6-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1600 | CIAO1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: CIAO1 were changed from Neuromuscular disease, CIAO1-related (MONDO:0019056) to Neurodegenerative disease, MONDO:0005559, CIAO1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1598 | MMS19 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: MMS19 were changed from Neuromuscular disease, MMS19-related (MONDO:0019056) to Neurodegenerative disease, MONDO:0005559, MMS19-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1596 | CIAO1 |
Paul De Fazio changed review comment from: PMID:38196629 (note pre-print) describes 4 unrelated patients with core features of progressive muscle weakness, respiratory insufficiency, joint hyperlaxity, ankle tightness, calf pseudohypertrophy, elevated CK, and larning disabilities/difficulties. 2 patients presented with increased iron deposition in the brain. Age of recognition of myopathic symptoms varied from early childhood to adolescence. PMID: 38411040 reports 2 unrelated patients. Patient 1 was born with microcephaly and borderline hypertonia, and died at 18 months of respiratory failure from bronchiolitis. Patient 2 presented with failure to thrive, a hyperkinetic movement disorder, and autism before deteriorating in late teens with muscle weakness, recurrent pneuomonia with respiratory insufficiency, and eventually death due to multi-organ failure with carnificating pneumonia, septic cardiomyopathy, and intracranial hemorrhages. Immune deficiency was ruled out. All variants reported were homozygous or compound heterozygous missense variants, with the exception of one large in-frame deletion of exon 7. Cell line studies showed the variants resulted in reduced protein stability and downstream cellular defects which could be rescued by wild-type CIAO1. Sources: Literature; to: PMID:38196629 (note pre-print) describes 4 unrelated patients with core features of progressive muscle weakness, respiratory insufficiency, joint hyperlaxity, ankle tightness, calf pseudohypertrophy, elevated CK, and larning disabilities/difficulties. 2 patients presented with increased iron deposition in the brain. Age of recognition of myopathic symptoms varied from early childhood to adolescence. Muscle biopsy showed variation in fiber size and an increase in internalized nuclei, as well as scattered degenerating/regenerating fibers and a mild to minimal increase in endomysial fibrosis. Electron microscopy revealed morphologically abnormal mitochondria. PMID: 38411040 reports 2 unrelated patients. Patient 1 was born with microcephaly and borderline hypertonia, and died at 18 months of respiratory failure from bronchiolitis. Patient 2 presented with failure to thrive, a hyperkinetic movement disorder, and autism before deteriorating in late teens with muscle weakness, recurrent pneuomonia with respiratory insufficiency, and eventually death due to multi-organ failure with carnificating pneumonia, septic cardiomyopathy, and intracranial hemorrhages. Immune deficiency was ruled out. All variants reported were homozygous or compound heterozygous missense variants, with the exception of one large in-frame deletion of exon 7. Cell line studies showed the variants resulted in reduced protein stability and downstream cellular defects which could be rescued by wild-type CIAO1. |
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| Mendeliome v1.1596 | MMS19 |
Paul De Fazio gene: MMS19 was added gene: MMS19 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: MMS19 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: MMS19 were set to 38411040 Phenotypes for gene: MMS19 were set to Neuromuscular disease, MMS19-related (MONDO:0019056) Penetrance for gene: MMS19 were set to unknown Review for gene: MMS19 was set to RED gene: MMS19 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: Single patient reported with postnatal microcephaly, bilateral cataracts, failure to thrive, progressive spastic tetraparesis, scoliosis, myoclonic epilepsy and precocious puberty. Cerebral MRI at age 4 years showed pontocerebellar atrophy and white matter abnormalities. Patient died age 13 after recurrent respiratory tract infections. A homozygous in-frame deletion p.(Glu213del) was identified. Cell line studies supported pathogenicity of the variant. A zebrafish knockout model also showed a detrimental effect of Mms19 deficincy. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1596 | CIAO1 |
Paul De Fazio gene: CIAO1 was added gene: CIAO1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: CIAO1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: CIAO1 were set to 38411040; 38196629 Phenotypes for gene: CIAO1 were set to Neuromuscular disease, CIAO1-related (MONDO:0019056) Penetrance for gene: CIAO1 were set to unknown Review for gene: CIAO1 was set to GREEN gene: CIAO1 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: PMID:38196629 (note pre-print) describes 4 unrelated patients with core features of progressive muscle weakness, respiratory insufficiency, joint hyperlaxity, ankle tightness, calf pseudohypertrophy, elevated CK, and larning disabilities/difficulties. 2 patients presented with increased iron deposition in the brain. Age of recognition of myopathic symptoms varied from early childhood to adolescence. PMID: 38411040 reports 2 unrelated patients. Patient 1 was born with microcephaly and borderline hypertonia, and died at 18 months of respiratory failure from bronchiolitis. Patient 2 presented with failure to thrive, a hyperkinetic movement disorder, and autism before deteriorating in late teens with muscle weakness, recurrent pneuomonia with respiratory insufficiency, and eventually death due to multi-organ failure with carnificating pneumonia, septic cardiomyopathy, and intracranial hemorrhages. Immune deficiency was ruled out. All variants reported were homozygous or compound heterozygous missense variants, with the exception of one large in-frame deletion of exon 7. Cell line studies showed the variants resulted in reduced protein stability and downstream cellular defects which could be rescued by wild-type CIAO1. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1596 | THBS2 | Ain Roesley Phenotypes for gene: THBS2 were changed from {Lumbar disc herniation, susceptibility to} 603932 to {Lumbar disc herniation, susceptibility to} 603932; connective tissue disorder MONDO:0003900, THBS2-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1593 | THBS2 | Chris Ciotta reviewed gene: THBS2: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID: 38433265; Phenotypes: connective tissue disorder MONDO:0003900, THBS2-related; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1589 | UBAP1L |
Ee Ming Wong changed review comment from: - Twelve unrelated families with Hungary, the United States, Israel, Tunisia and the Netherlands with members presenting with autosomal recessive rod-cone or cone-rod dystrophy - Reported variants included splice, nonsense, frameshift and in-frame del variants - Age of disease onset was very variable, with some patients experiencing first symptoms during their fourth decade of life or later. Sources: Literature; to: - Twelve unrelated families with Hungary, the United States, Israel, Tunisia and the Netherlands with members presenting with autosomal recessive rod-cone or cone-rod dystrophy - Reported variants included splice, nonsense, frameshift and in-frame del variants - Age of disease onset was very variable, with some patients experiencing first symptoms during their fourth decade of life or later. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1588 | UBAP1L |
Ee Ming Wong gene: UBAP1L was added gene: UBAP1L was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: UBAP1L was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: UBAP1L were set to PMID: 38293907; 38420906 Phenotypes for gene: UBAP1L were set to Cone-rod dystrophy (MONDO:0015993), UBAP1L-related Review for gene: UBAP1L was set to GREEN gene: UBAP1L was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: - Twelve unrelated families with Hungary, the United States, Israel, Tunisia and the Netherlands with members presenting with autosomal recessive rod-cone or cone-rod dystrophy - Reported variants included splice, nonsense, frameshift and in-frame del variants - Age of disease onset was very variable, with some patients experiencing first symptoms during their fourth decade of life or later. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1587 | CELSR3 |
Crystle Lee gene: CELSR3 was added gene: CELSR3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: CELSR3 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: CELSR3 were set to PMID: 38429302 Phenotypes for gene: CELSR3 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO#0700092), CELSR3-related Review for gene: CELSR3 was set to GREEN Added comment: PMID: 38429302:12 affected individuals from 11 families reported with bi-allelic variants. Phenotype ranged from CNS anomalies (7/12), CNS and CAKUT (3/12) and CAKUT only (2/12). Only missense variants reported and 1 inframe variant. Functional studies done in zebrafish demonstrate similar structural anomalies of the developing pronephros and neuronal abnormalities to affected individuals PMID: 34951123: 5 het missense variants reported in patients with febrile seizures (FS)/epilepsy. Arg3141Gln present in gnomAD (7 hets). No functional studies. Summarised as potentially associated with febrile seizures (FS)/epilepsy Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1587 | APOLD1 |
Lucy Spencer changed review comment from: PMID: 35638551 1 family with an atypical inherited bleeding disorder characterised by severe spontaneous bleeding episodes in childhood and microcirculatory problems. 4 affected individuals across 2 generations have R49*in APOLD1, another affected individual from a third generation was not able to be sequenced = 4 meiosis. 4 unaffected individuals did not have the variant. This gene has no NMD region, R49* would affect 82% of the protein. Paper is not using the MANE select transcript, alt p. in MANE select is R18* which affects 92% of the MANE select protein Interestingly R49* is created by a delins/2 missense in cis, 1 common R49Q and 1 rare R49W, some UNaffected family members just have the common missense without the other in cis. Immunofluorescence studies in patient platelets showed a 50% reduction of APOLD1 and disrupted cytoskeletal and junctional organization. Sources: Literature; to: PMID: 35638551 1 family with an atypical inherited bleeding disorder characterised by severe spontaneous bleeding episodes in childhood and microcirculatory problems. 4 affected individuals across 2 generations have R49*in APOLD1, another affected individual from a third generation was not able to be sequenced = 4 meiosis. 4 unaffected individuals did not have the variant. This gene has no NMD region, R49* would affect 82% of the protein. Paper is not using the MANE select transcript, alt p. in MANE select is R18* which affects 92% of the MANE select protein Interestingly R49* is created by a delins/2 missense in cis, 1 common R49Q and 1 rare R49W, some UNaffected family members just have the common missense without the other in cis. Immunofluorescence studies in patient platelets showed a 50% reduction of APOLD1 and disrupted cytoskeletal and junctional organization. SiRNA silencing of APOLD1 in HBDEC cells resulted in altered cell shape and size, and were associated with endothelial cell junction dismantling. These cells were also almost devoid of VWF. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1587 | ZSCAN10 |
Rylee Peters gene: ZSCAN10 was added gene: ZSCAN10 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ZSCAN10 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: ZSCAN10 were set to PMID: 38386308 Phenotypes for gene: ZSCAN10 were set to syndromic disease MONDO:0002254 Review for gene: ZSCAN10 was set to GREEN Added comment: Bi-allelic ZSCAN10 loss-of-function variants were identified in seven affected individuals from five unrelated families with syndromic neurodevelopmental disorder. Highly consistent phenotypic features include global developmental delay, behavioural abnormalities, and variable facial asymmetry with outer and inner ear malformations leading to profound SNHL. Facial asymmetry was recapitulated in the Zscan10 mouse model along with inner and outer ear malformations. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1586 | SLC12A9 |
Zornitza Stark gene: SLC12A9 was added gene: SLC12A9 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC12A9 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SLC12A9 were set to 38334070 Phenotypes for gene: SLC12A9 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, SLC12A9-related Review for gene: SLC12A9 was set to GREEN Added comment: Three individuals from unrelated families with bi-allelic LoF variants and a neurodevelopment phenotype, skeletal and brain abnormalities, hypopigmentation, dysmorphic features. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1585 | SNF8 |
Chern Lim gene: SNF8 was added gene: SNF8 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SNF8 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SNF8 were set to 38423010 Phenotypes for gene: SNF8 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO:0700092), SNF8-related Review for gene: SNF8 was set to GREEN gene: SNF8 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: PMID: 38423010 - Nine individuals from six families presenting with a spectrum of neurodevelopmental/neurodegenerative features caused by bi-allelic variants in SNF8. In total, three putative LoF variants and four missense variants were identified. - The phenotypic spectrum included four individuals with severe developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, massive reduction of white matter, hypo-/aplasia of the corpus callosum, neurodevelopmental arrest, and early death. A second cohort shows a milder phenotype with intellectual disability, childhood-onset optic atrophy, or ataxia. All mildly affected individuals shared the same hypomorphic variant, c.304G>A (p.Val102Ile) as compound heterozygous. - Functional studies using fibroblasts derived from patients and zebrafish model showed LoF is the disease mech. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1584 | SNUPN |
Suliman Khan gene: SNUPN was added gene: SNUPN was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SNUPN was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SNUPN were set to PMID: 38413582; PMID: 38366623 Phenotypes for gene: SNUPN were set to autosomal recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophy MONDO:0015152 Review for gene: SNUPN was set to GREEN Added comment: PMID: 38413582: reported 18 children from 15 unrelated families with muscular phenotypes, including proximal upper limb weakness, distal upper and lower limb weakness, and myopathy (EMG) with elevated serum creatinine kinase level. Exome sequencing revealed nine hypomorphic biallelic variants in the SNUPN gene, predominantly clustered in the last coding exon. Functional studies showed that mutant SPN1 failed to oligomerize leading to cytoplasmic aggregation in patients’ primary fibroblasts. PMID: 38366623: reported five individuals from two unrelated families with limb-girdle muscular dystrophy. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1584 | APOLD1 |
Lucy Spencer gene: APOLD1 was added gene: APOLD1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: APOLD1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: APOLD1 were set to 35638551 Phenotypes for gene: APOLD1 were set to Bleeding disorder, vascular-type (MIM#620715) Review for gene: APOLD1 was set to AMBER Added comment: PMID: 35638551 1 family with an atypical inherited bleeding disorder characterised by severe spontaneous bleeding episodes in childhood and microcirculatory problems. 4 affected individuals across 2 generations have R49*in APOLD1, another affected individual from a third generation was not able to be sequenced = 4 meiosis. 4 unaffected individuals did not have the variant. This gene has no NMD region, R49* would affect 82% of the protein. Paper is not using the MANE select transcript, alt p. in MANE select is R18* which affects 92% of the MANE select protein Interestingly R49* is created by a delins/2 missense in cis, 1 common R49Q and 1 rare R49W, some UNaffected family members just have the common missense without the other in cis. Immunofluorescence studies in patient platelets showed a 50% reduction of APOLD1 and disrupted cytoskeletal and junctional organization. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1584 | RGS6 |
Seb Lunke gene: RGS6 was added gene: RGS6 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: RGS6 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: RGS6 were set to 38332109; 25525169 Phenotypes for gene: RGS6 were set to Cataract,MONDO:0005129; intellectual disability, MONDO:0001071; microcephaly, MONDO:0001149 Review for gene: RGS6 was set to RED Added comment: Original paper from 2015 describes single consanguineous with two siblings affected by cataract, developmental delay, and microcephaly >3SD. A homozygous canonical splice variant predicted to lead to NMD in RGS6 was identified by WGS and linkage (rather than full WGS analysis). The 2024 paper speculates that the phenotype is driven by a change in RGS6 isoform balance rather than LoF using a knock-out mouse model. It is noted that the mice did not have microcephaly, and ID was assessed using social interaction. No mention of cataract in the mice. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1583 | TOGARAM2 |
Naomi Baker gene: TOGARAM2 was added gene: TOGARAM2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: TOGARAM2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: TOGARAM2 were set to PMID:38374469 Phenotypes for gene: TOGARAM2 were set to Nonsyndromic genetic hearing loss (MONDO:0019497), TOGARAM2-related Review for gene: TOGARAM2 was set to RED Added comment: Paper reports one individual with bilateral profound hearing loss with a homozygous TOGARAM2 nonsense variant and demonstrated reduced mRNA expression in transfected cells. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1583 | DIP2C |
Melanie Marty gene: DIP2C was added gene: DIP2C was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: DIP2C was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: DIP2C were set to PMID: 38421105 Phenotypes for gene: DIP2C were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO#0700092), DIP2C-related Review for gene: DIP2C was set to GREEN Added comment: PMID: 38421105 - Twenty three patients with het DIP2C variants (10 de novo). All patients had developmental delays affecting expressive language and speech, most had mild dev delay and ID. Four patients had seizures. Additional phenotypic findings were non-specific but recurrent anomalies did include a high anterior hair-line, prominent forehead, and a broad nasal tip. Four patients had cardiac defects (hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, atrial septal defects,and bicuspid aortic valve) Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1581 | TUBA4A |
Sarah Pantaleo gene: TUBA4A was added gene: TUBA4A was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: TUBA4A was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: TUBA4A were set to PMID: 38413182 Phenotypes for gene: TUBA4A were set to Congenital myopathy MONDO:0019952 Review for gene: TUBA4A was set to AMBER Added comment: One novel TUBA4A variant in two unrelated Chinese patients with sporadic congenital myopathy. Identified candidate genes using laser capture micro dissection, proteomics, WES, clinical data, myopathological changes, electrophysiological exams and thigh muscle MRIs. The variant is de novo in both patients, c.679C>T, p.(Leu227Phe). The prominent myopathological changes in both patients were muscle fibres with focal myofibrillar disorganisation and rimmed vacuoles. Immunofluorescence showed ubiqution-positive TUBA4A protein aggregates in the muscle fibres with rimmed vacuoles. Overexpression of Leu227Phe resulted in cytoplasmic aggregates which colocalised with ubiquitin in cellular model. Patient 1 is 14yo and had delayed motor development milestones since infancy. Myopathic face, high-arched palate, waddling gait, winged scapula and muscle weakness in four limbs with lower extremities and proximal muscle more severely affected. Follow up at 14yo showed slight improvement in motor function compared with 3yo. Patient 2 is 6yo and presented with motor retardation since birth. At 3yo, presented with mild ptosis and ophthalmoparesis, high-arched palate and muscle weakness involving both proximal and distal in all limbs. No likely pathogenic variants in 116 other protein-encoding genes. Variants confirmed by Sanger sequencing and absent from gnomAD. ACMG predicts likely pathogenic classification. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1580 | NIT1 |
Paul De Fazio gene: NIT1 was added gene: NIT1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: NIT1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: NIT1 were set to 38430071 Phenotypes for gene: NIT1 were set to Cerebrovascular disorder, NIT1-related (MONDO:0011057) Penetrance for gene: NIT1 were set to unknown gene: NIT1 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: 5 unrelated families reported with recessively inherited cerebral small vessel disease had compound hetereozygous or homozygous variants in NIT1. 1 family (3 siblings) had p.(Ala68*) in trans with p.(Arg243Trp), the remaining 4 families (1 individual each) were all homozygous for p.(Arg243Trp). Patients presented in mid-adulthood with progressive movement disorders (e.g. dystonia, chorea, bradykinesia and tremor, gait disturbance, dysarthria) and had abnormal brain MRI findings (honeycomb appearance of the basal ganglia-thalamus complex, due to numerous strongly dilated PVS). 3 patients had non-lobar intracerebral hemorrhage. Slowly progressive cognitive decline was also a key feature. Metabolic analysis in urine confirmed loss of NIT1 enzymatic function. Note p.(Arg243Trp) has 1 homozygote in gnomAD v4, but permitted due to later presentation in reported patients. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1580 | DENND5B | Elena Savva reviewed gene: DENND5B: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID: 38387458; Phenotypes: Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO#0700092), DENND5B-related; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1578 | RREB1 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: RREB1: Added comment: PMID 38332451: de novo LoF variant in an individual with phenotype consistent with the previous reports.; Changed rating: AMBER; Changed publications: 32938917, 38332451; Changed phenotypes: Rasopathy, MONDO:0021060, RREB1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1578 | FEZF2 |
Ain Roesley gene: FEZF2 was added gene: FEZF2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: FEZF2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: FEZF2 were set to 38425142 Phenotypes for gene: FEZF2 were set to neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO:0700092, FEZF2-related Review for gene: FEZF2 was set to GREEN gene: FEZF2 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: - 7 indiv but 1 has whole gene deletion and 6x SNV (4x PTCs and 2x same missense Arg344Cys) - of the 6x SNV, 4x de novo + 1x from affected father - all have ID/ASD - 1x seizures - 1x hypotonia - 1x motor coordination disorder - 2x enuresis after 7yo Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1576 | ZFX |
Zornitza Stark gene: ZFX was added gene: ZFX was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ZFX was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females Publications for gene: ZFX were set to 26350204; 26740508; 38325380 Phenotypes for gene: ZFX were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, ZFX-related Review for gene: ZFX was set to GREEN Added comment: A single ZFX variant has been associated with a neurodevelopmental disorder, that has a Rett syndrome-like phenotype disorder, in a 14 year old male. The ZFX variant was allelic with another X-linked variant in SHROOM4. These variants were inherited from the mother, who had random X inactivation pattern (PMID: 26740508). PMID: 38325380 reports 11 ZFX variants in 18 subjects from 16 unrelated families (14 males and 4 females) with an X-linked neurodevelopmental disorder with recurrent facial gestalt. Seven variants were truncating and the remaining were missense variants within the Zinc finger array. In the pedigree of family 6 (figure 3, PMID: 38325380), it was apparent that there were female carriers of the ZFX variant (GRCh38 chrX: 24229396A>G, c.2438A>G, p.Tyr774Cys) with hyperparathyroidism and two affected males and one affected female, with the neurodevelopmental disorder. It appeared that skewed X-inactivation in the female carriers was responsible for the different phenotypic features. The association between ZFX variants and a novel neurodevelopmental disorder, was further supported by functional studies showing altered transcriptional activity in missense variants and altered behavior in a zebrafish loss-of-function model. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1575 | STX4 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: STX4 were changed from Non-syndromic genetic hearing loss, MONDO:0019497, STX4-related. to Deafness, autosomal recessive 123, MIM# 620745 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1573 | PI4K2A | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: PI4K2A were changed from complex neurodevelopmental disorder with motor features, PI4K2A-related, MONDO:0100516; Cutis laxa, intellectual disability, movement disorder to Neurodevelopmental disorder with hyperkinetic movements, seizures and structural brain abnormalities, MIM# 620732; Cutis laxa, intellectual disability, movement disorder | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1564 | KLF14 |
Hali Van Niel changed review comment from: PMID: 33389382 Case-sibling study of 92 healthy individuals and 92 type 2 diabetes patients found KLF14 SNPs associated with susceptibility to type 2 diabetes PMID: 35081256 Large scale association analysis found type 2 susceptibility of KLF14 SNPS appearing to be driven by reduced insulin sensitivity PMID: 24486580 Global Meta-analysis found risk allele SNP associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes (in global population) Sources: Other; to: Cannot find any evidence of association with mendelian disease PMID: 33389382 Case-sibling study of 92 healthy individuals and 92 type 2 diabetes patients found KLF14 SNPs associated with susceptibility to type 2 diabetes PMID: 35081256 Large scale association analysis found type 2 susceptibility of KLF14 SNPS appearing to be driven by reduced insulin sensitivity PMID: 24486580 Global Meta-analysis found risk allele SNP associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes (in global population) Sources: Other |
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| Mendeliome v1.1564 | KLF14 |
Hali Van Niel gene: KLF14 was added gene: KLF14 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Other Mode of inheritance for gene: KLF14 was set to Unknown Publications for gene: KLF14 were set to 33389382; 35081256; 24486580 Phenotypes for gene: KLF14 were set to diabetes mellitus MONDO:0005015 Review for gene: KLF14 was set to RED Added comment: PMID: 33389382 Case-sibling study of 92 healthy individuals and 92 type 2 diabetes patients found KLF14 SNPs associated with susceptibility to type 2 diabetes PMID: 35081256 Large scale association analysis found type 2 susceptibility of KLF14 SNPS appearing to be driven by reduced insulin sensitivity PMID: 24486580 Global Meta-analysis found risk allele SNP associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes (in global population) Sources: Other |
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| Mendeliome v1.1564 | PCSK2 |
Hali Van Niel gene: PCSK2 was added gene: PCSK2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Other Mode of inheritance for gene: PCSK2 was set to Unknown Publications for gene: PCSK2 were set to 26607656; 7698505; 17618154 Phenotypes for gene: PCSK2 were set to diabetes mellitus MONDO:0005015 Review for gene: PCSK2 was set to RED Added comment: Cannot find any evidence of association with mendelian disease PMID: 26607656 10 SNPs genotyped, genetic polymorphisms responsible for glucose homeostasis and incidental diabetes PMID: 7698505 DNA polymorphism found in 11% of non insulin dependent diabetes patients (out of 152 japanese patients) vs 4% in health population (out of 102 japanese patients). PMID: 17618154 29 SNPS analysed across PCSK2, 4 SNPS associated type 2 diabetes in african american population Sources: Other |
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| Mendeliome v1.1558 | STAB1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: STAB1 were changed from Iron metabolism disease (MONDO:0002279), STAB1-related to Hyperferritinemia, MIM# 620729 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1557 | PUM1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: PUM1 were changed from Spinocerebellar ataxia 47, MIM# 617931; Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, PUM1-related to Spinocerebellar ataxia 47, MIM# 617931; Neurodevelopmental disorder with motor abnormalities, seizures, and facial dysmorphism, MIM# 620719 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1554 | NEK1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: NEK1 were changed from Short-rib thoracic dysplasia 6 with or without polydactyly, MIM# 263520; Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, susceptibility to, 24, MIM# 617892 to Short-rib thoracic dysplasia 6 with or without polydactyly, MIM# 263520; Orofaciodigital syndrome II , MIM# 252100; Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, susceptibility to, 24, MIM# 617892 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1552 | NEK1 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: NEK1: Added comment: PMID 27530628: two brothers with OFD phenotype.; Changed publications: 21211617, 22499340, 25492405, 28123176, 27530628; Changed phenotypes: Short-rib thoracic dysplasia 6 with or without polydactyly, MIM# 263520, Orofaciodigital syndrome II , MIM# 252100, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, susceptibility to, 24, MIM# 617892 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1552 | HMBS | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: HMBS were changed from Porphyria, acute intermittent, MIM#176000; Porphyria, acute intermittent, non-erythroid variant, MIM#176000 to Porphyria, acute intermittent, MIM#176000; Porphyria, acute intermittent, non-erythroid variant, MIM#176000; Encephalopathy, porphyria-related MIM#620704; Leukoencephalopathy, porphyria-related, MIM#620711 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1551 | HMBS | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: HMBS: Changed phenotypes: Porphyria, acute intermittent, MIM#176000, Porphyria, acute intermittent, non-erythroid variant, MIM#176000, Encephalopathy, porphyria-related MIM#620704, Leukoencephalopathy, porphyria-related, MIM#620711 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1546 | ANKZF1 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: ANKZF1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 28302725, 36857589; Phenotypes: Infantile-onset inflammatory bowel disease, MONDO:0005265, ANKZF1-related; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1545 | RAB34 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: RAB34 were changed from Multiple congenital anomalies, (MONDO:0019042), RAB34-related to Orofaciodigital syndrome 20, MIM#620718 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1543 | ONECUT1 |
Bryony Thompson gene: ONECUT1 was added gene: ONECUT1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ONECUT1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: ONECUT1 were set to 37639628; 34663987; 10825208 Phenotypes for gene: ONECUT1 were set to Neonatal diabetes mellitus MONDO:0016391 Review for gene: ONECUT1 was set to GREEN Added comment: 3 unrelated neonatal diabetes cases with homozygous variants & supporting iPSC/mouse models PMID: 37639628 - UK biobank study of ONECUT1 variants in neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM), MODY, and type 2 diabetes. Identified a case with syndromic NDM with a homozygous frameshift (p.Met289Argfs*8). Rare heterozygous variants were not enriched in individuals with suspected MODY (n=484). Heterozygous null variants were significantly associated with type 2 diabetes (p=0.006) as a potential susceptibility gene. PMID: 34663987 - 2 consanguineous families with homozygous variants (Glu231Ter or Glu231Asp) in cases with syndromic ND. Directed differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells revealed that loss of ONECUT1 impairs pancreatic progenitor formation. PMID: 10825208 - Hnf6 (old gene name) null mice have diabetes Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1538 | SCGN |
Achchuthan Shanmugasundram gene: SCGN was added gene: SCGN was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SCGN was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SCGN were set to 31663849 Phenotypes for gene: SCGN were set to ulcerative colitis, MONDO:0005101 Review for gene: SCGN was set to AMBER Added comment: PMID:31663849 reported three siblings with homozygous missense SCGN variant and with early-onset ulcerative colitis. Functional studies demonstrated that SCGN variant identified impacted the localisation of the SNARE complex partner, SNAP25, leading to impaired hormone release. In addition, SCGN knockout mouse model recapitulated impaired hormone release and susceptibility to DSS-induced colitis. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1535 | MAX | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: MAX were changed from {Pheochromocytoma, susceptibility to}, MIM# 171300; Syndromic disease (MONDO:0002254), MAX-related to {Pheochromocytoma, susceptibility to}, MIM# 171300; Polydactyly-macrocephaly syndrome, MIM# 620712 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1532 | CASZ1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: CASZ1 was added gene: CASZ1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: CASZ1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: CASZ1 were set to 28099117; 36293425; 31268246 Phenotypes for gene: CASZ1 were set to Dilated cardiomyopathy, MONDO:0005021, CASZ1-related; left ventricular non compaction Review for gene: CASZ1 was set to GREEN Added comment: Rare cause of paeditric onsent DCM. at least 3 papers report LoF variants, 2 of which each report a novel de novo frameshift variant in children diagnosed with DCM less than 1 and who died at 11 mths ( PMID: 31268246; Guo 2019) and 22mths (PMID: 36293425, Orlova 2022). Another paper (PMID: 28099117, Qiu 2017) reported a nonsense variant that segregated with DCM in a family in an AD fashion (full text not available). Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v1.1529 | TAF1C | Elena Savva Phenotypes for gene: TAF1C were changed from Global developmental delay; Intellectual disability; Spasticity; Strabismus; Seizures; Abnormality of nervous system morphology to Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO#0700092), TAF1C-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1528 | BET1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: BET1 were changed from Muscular dystrophy, MONDO:0019950, BET1-related; Epilepsy to Muscular dystrophy, congenital, with rapid progression, MIM# 254100 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1526 | DLG5 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: DLG5 were changed from Ciliopathy, MONDO:0016044, DLG5-related; Cystic kidneys, nephrotic syndrome, hydrocephalus, limb abnormalities, congenital heart disease and craniofacial malformations to Yuksel-Vogel-Bauer syndrome, MIM#620703 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1525 | DLG5 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Four unrelated families reported, supportive Xenopus animal model data. Sources: Literature; to: Four unrelated families reported, supportive Xenopus animal model data. Cystic kidneys, nephrotic syndrome, hydrocephalus, limb abnormalities, congenital heart disease and craniofacial malformations. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1523 | GIGYF1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: GIGYF1 were changed from Autism, Intellectual disability, GIGYF1-related (MONDO#0001071) to Autism spectrum disorder (MONDO:0005258), GIGYF1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1522 | HNRNPC | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: HNRNPC were changed from Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO:0700092), HNRNPC-related to Intellectual developmental disorder-74, MIM#620688 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1521 | RIC1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: RIC1 were changed from Cleft lip; cataract; tooth abnormality; intellectual disability; facial dysmorphism; ADHD to Cleft lip/palate MONDO:0016044, RIC1-related; Cleft lip; cataract; tooth abnormality; intellectual disability; facial dysmorphism; ADHD | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1516 | ANO1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ANO1 were changed from Intestinal dysmotility syndrome, MIM# 620045; Moyamoya disease, MONDO:0016820, ANO1 related to Intestinal dysmotility syndrome, MIM# 620045; Moyamoya disease 7, MIM# 620687 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1513 | SP9 | Suliman Khan commented on gene: SP9: PMID: 38288683: reported 5 unrelated patients with de novo heterozygous variants (missense and PTV) in SP9 gene. In silico and in vitro studies suggested a novel form of interneuronopathy with variable severity depending on the presence of loss or gain of function variants. Patients with loss-of-function variants had ID, ASD, and epilepsy, whereas missense variants in the second C2H2 binding domain result in hypomorphic and neomorphic DNA binding functions that cause severe epileptic encephalopathy. The author suggested a novel form of interneuronopathy with variable severity depending on the presence of loss or gain of function variants. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1513 | SP9 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: SP9 were changed from neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO:0700092 to neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO:0700092, SP9-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1511 | MEI4 |
Lisa Norbart changed review comment from: PMID: 38252283 - 5x compound heterozygous missense variants and 1x homozygous missense variant seen in five individuals across 4 unrelated families affected with female infertility characterised by preimplantation embryonic arrest. Includes one family with two affected sisters with the same compound heterozygous variants. 2/4 families showed inheritance, parental data not available for other two families. Homozygous variant in the consanguineous family appears with a more severe phenotype. In vitro evidence shows variants reduced the interactions between MEI4 and DNA, but no effects on protein levels. In vivo knock-out mouse model showed female mice were infertile, characterised by developmental defects during oogenesis. Sources: Literature; to: PMID: 38252283 - 5x compound heterozygous missense variants and 1x homozygous missense variant seen in five individuals across 4 unrelated families affected with female infertility characterised by preimplantation embryonic arrest. Includes one family with two affected sisters with the same compound heterozygous variants. 2/4 families showed inheritance, parental data not available for other two families. Homozygous variant in the consanguineous family appears with a more severe phenotype. In vitro evidence shows variants reduced the interactions between MEI4 and DNA, but no effects on protein levels. In vivo knock-out mouse model showed female mice were infertile, characterised by developmental defects during oogenesis. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1511 | CCDC88C | Rylee Peters reviewed gene: CCDC88C: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 38173219; Phenotypes: monogenic epilepsy MONDO:0015653, CCDC88C-related; Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic (but BIALLELIC mutations cause a more SEVERE disease form), autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1510 | RHOXF1 |
Chris Ciotta gene: RHOXF1 was added gene: RHOXF1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: RHOXF1 was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females Publications for gene: RHOXF1 were set to PMID: 38258527 Phenotypes for gene: RHOXF1 were set to Spermatogenic failure, MONDO:0004983, RHOXF1-related Review for gene: RHOXF1 was set to AMBER Added comment: In a cohort of 1,201 men from China with oligozoospermia and azoospermia, hemizygous RHOXF1 variants were identified in 4 unrelated individuals. Three of these variants were missense variants (V130M, A91V & A156V), all were absent from gnomAD (including version 4) and had deleterious in silicos. The one other variant was a nonsense variant (R160X) which is predicted to escape NMD and truncate the protein. This is seen in gnomAD version 4 in 1 heterozygote female, and absent in other versions. In vitro functional evidence for these variants was provided, the V130M, A156V and R160X mutants demonstrated impaired protein localisation with an increase in the protein in the cytoplasm and impaired nuclear entry, the A91V mutant protein did not share these localisation defects. Further, The V130M mutant protein decreased DMRT1 promotor activity, DMRT1 is considered essential for testicular development and spermatogenesis. However, the R160X variant demonstrated increased activation, three times higher than WT. The two other missense variants had no effect. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1507 | MEI4 |
Lisa Norbart gene: MEI4 was added gene: MEI4 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: MEI4 was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic (but BIALLELIC mutations cause a more SEVERE disease form), autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: MEI4 were set to 38252283 Phenotypes for gene: MEI4 were set to Infertility disorder, MONDO:0005047, MEI4-related Review for gene: MEI4 was set to GREEN Added comment: PMID: 38252283 - 5x compound heterozygous missense variants and 1x homozygous missense variant seen in five individuals across 4 unrelated families affected with female infertility characterised by preimplantation embryonic arrest. Includes one family with two affected sisters with the same compound heterozygous variants. 2/4 families showed inheritance, parental data not available for other two families. Homozygous variant in the consanguineous family appears with a more severe phenotype. In vitro evidence shows variants reduced the interactions between MEI4 and DNA, but no effects on protein levels. In vivo knock-out mouse model showed female mice were infertile, characterised by developmental defects during oogenesis. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1506 | WDR44 |
Andrew Fennell gene: WDR44 was added gene: WDR44 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: WDR44 was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females Publications for gene: WDR44 were set to PMID: 38191484 Phenotypes for gene: WDR44 were set to Ciliopathy, MONDO:0005308, WDR44-related Review for gene: WDR44 was set to GREEN Added comment: 11 male patients with 6 missense and 1 nonsense variant in WDR44 displaying a wide range of cognitive impairment and variable congenital anomalies associated with primary cilium dysfunction. All patients had learning difficulties with 8 labelled as intellectually disabled (mild-moderate). Other clinical features included anomalies of craniofacial, musculoskeletal, brain, renal and cardiac development. WDR44 is a negative regulator of ciliogenesis. Increased binding is hypothesised to underlie the pathogenicity of WDR44 variants identified in this cohort. Functional data supported impaired ciliogenesis initiation in patient fibroblasts and a zebrafish model. A zebrafish model recapitulated the human phenotype when morphants expressed WDR44 L668S, D669N, S764F, G782C, H839R, and R733* variants. Of note, D648G or N840S did not recapitulate the phenotype in the zebrafish model. The studies supported a GoF mechanism, but the authors could not rule out that LoF of WDR44 contributes to the ciliopathy-like phenotype observed, because protein expression data was only available for a limited number of patients. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1505 | SH2B3 | Ain Roesley Phenotypes for gene: SH2B3 were changed from Predisposition to haematological malignancies to Predisposition to haematological malignancies; Myeloproliferation and multi-organ autoimmunity; juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia MONDO:001190, SH2B3-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1502 | SH2B3 |
Ain Roesley commented on gene: SH2B3: PMID:37206266 2x families - hom missense variant Val402Met: functional performed on patient's fibroblasts demonstrated increased basal pSTAT5, pSTAT3 and increased pJAK2 + pSTAT5 after stimulation with IL-3, GH, GM-CSF and EPO - hom fs Arg148Profs*40 functional performed in zebrafish demonstrated increased number of macrophages and thrombocytes PMID:23908464; 1 fam with 2 affecteds with dev delay + autoimmunity + (1x) ALL, hom for Asp231Gly fs*3 PMID:38152053; JMML cohort - 2x hom missense + 2x het PTCs |
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| Mendeliome v1.1502 | SH2B3 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: SH2B3: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 37206266, 23908464, 38152053; Phenotypes: Myeloproliferation and multi-organ autoimmunity, juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia MONDO:001190, SH2B3-related; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1502 | SAMD7 |
Paul De Fazio gene: SAMD7 was added gene: SAMD7 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SAMD7 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SAMD7 were set to 38272031 Phenotypes for gene: SAMD7 were set to Macular dystrophy, retinal, SAMD7-related MONDO:0031166 Review for gene: SAMD7 was set to GREEN gene: SAMD7 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: Five biallelic variants were identified in eight individuals from six families with macular dystrophy with or without cone dysfunction. Three families were consanguineous. Mean age at first presentation was 34.8 years, range 14 to 51. Four variants affected splicing, while one missense variant impaired the repressive activity of SAMD7. All functional work was performed using in vitro assays. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1501 | CAMK2D |
Elena Savva gene: CAMK2D was added gene: CAMK2D was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: CAMK2D was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Publications for gene: CAMK2D were set to 38272033 Phenotypes for gene: CAMK2D were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO#0700092), CAMK2D-related Added comment: PMID: 38272033 - 8 patients (5/8 de novo) with mostly missense and a single splice site variant, ages range from 5 weeks to 20 years old - Most variants functionally shown to have a GOF mechanism causing addition DCM phenotype, LOF is only neurological - Phenotypes include dev delay (mild-severe) (7/7 patients), skeletal anomalies (7/8, scoliosis, kyphosis, involving spine/hands/feet/palate), DCM (6/8), seizures (3/8), visual anomalies (astigmatism, cortical vision impairment, myopia, strabismus 5/5), enlarged brain ventricles (3/5) Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1500 | ERG | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ERG were changed from Lymphatic malformation 14, MIM# 620602 to Lymphatic malformation 14, MIM# 620602; Myelodysplasia syndrome, MONDO:0018881, ERG-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1499 | ERG | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: ERG: Changed rating: AMBER; Changed publications: s://ash.confex.com/ash/2023/webprogram/Paper191986.html; Changed phenotypes: Myelodysplasia syndrome, MONDO:0018881, ERG-related; Changed mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1497 | MCTS1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: MCTS1 were changed from Inherited susceptibility to mycobacterial diseases, MONDO:0019146, MCTS1-related to Immunodeficiency 118, mycobacteriosis, MIM# 301115 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1496 | PLA2G16 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: PLA2G16 were changed from Lipodystrophy (MONDO:0006573), PLA2G16-related to Lipodystrophy, familial partial, type 9, MIM# 620683 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1495 | KDM5A | Elena Savva Phenotypes for gene: KDM5A were changed from autism spectrum disorder, MONDO:0005258; intellectual disability, MONDO:0001071 to autism spectrum disorder, MONDO:0005258; Neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO:0700092, KDM5A-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1494 | JMJD1C | Elena Savva Phenotypes for gene: JMJD1C were changed from Intellectual disability to Intellectual disability (MONDO#0001071), JMJD1C-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1487 | POLR1A | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: POLR1A were changed from Acrofacial dysostosis, Cincinnati type, (MIM#616462); Leukodystrophy MONDO:0019046, POLR1A-related to Leukodystrophy, hypomyelinating, 27, MIM# 620675; Acrofacial dysostosis, Cincinnati type, (MIM#616462) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1483 | FTH1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: FTH1 were changed from Hemochromatosis, type 5, MIM# 615517; Neuroferritinopathy (MONDO:0011638) to Hemochromatosis, type 5, MIM# 615517; Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation 9, MIM# 620669 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1482 | IRF1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: IRF1 were changed from Inherited susceptibility to mycobacterial disease, MONDO:0019146, IRF1-related to Immunodeficiency 117, mycobacteriosis, autosomal recessive, MIM# 620668 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1477 | KPNA7 | Elena Savva Phenotypes for gene: KPNA7 were changed from Oocyte/zygote/embryo maturation arrest 17, MIM# 620319; Neurodevelopmental disorder to Oocyte/zygote/embryo maturation arrest 17, MIM# 620319; Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO#0700092), KPNA7-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1474 | KCTD13 | Elena Savva Phenotypes for gene: KCTD13 were changed from Intellectual disability; seizures to Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO#0700092), KCTD13-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1471 | KCNAB3 | Elena Savva reviewed gene: KCNAB3: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID: 37396552, 32990398, 36345448; Phenotypes: Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO#0700092), KCNAB3-related; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1471 | KCNAB3 | Elena Savva Phenotypes for gene: KCNAB3 were changed from febrile seizures; afebrile seizure; genetic epilepsy with febrile seizures plus to Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO#0700092), KCNAB3-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1470 | JAKMIP1 | Elena Savva Phenotypes for gene: JAKMIP1 were changed from Intellectual disability; Seizures to Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO#0700092), JAKMIP1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1468 | PPFIA3 |
Zornitza Stark gene: PPFIA3 was added gene: PPFIA3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: PPFIA3 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: PPFIA3 were set to 37034625 Phenotypes for gene: PPFIA3 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, PPFIA3-related Review for gene: PPFIA3 was set to GREEN Added comment: 19 individuals with mono-allelic variants presenting with features including developmental delay, intellectual disability, hypotonia, micro/macrocephaly, autism, and epilepsy. One individual with compound het variants: insufficient evidence for bi-allelic variants causing disease. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1465 | MAX | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: MAX were changed from {Pheochromocytoma, susceptibility to}, MIM# 171300 to {Pheochromocytoma, susceptibility to}, MIM# 171300; Syndromic disease (MONDO:0002254), MAX-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1463 | SPIN4 | Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SPIN4 was changed from X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1459 | SLC13A3 |
Daniel Flanagan gene: SLC13A3 was added gene: SLC13A3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC13A3 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SLC13A3 were set to https://www.neurology.org/doi/full/10.1212/NXG.0000000000200101 (No PMID) Phenotypes for gene: SLC13A3 were set to Leukoencephalopathy, acute reversible, with increased urinary alpha-ketoglutarate (MIM# 618384) Review for gene: SLC13A3 was set to GREEN Added comment: Seven patients reported with biallelic SLC13A3 variants, causing acute reversible leukoencephalopathy and α-ketoglutarate accumulation. Patients presented with acute neurological deterioration after a febrile illness. 5/7 with ataxia, 4/7 had seizures, 1/7 developmental delay. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v1.1459 | MAX | Rylee Peters reviewed gene: MAX: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 38141607; Phenotypes: Syndromic disease (MONDO:0002254), MAX-related; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1457 | SPIN4 |
Belinda Chong gene: SPIN4 was added gene: SPIN4 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SPIN4 was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) Publications for gene: SPIN4 were set to 36927955 Phenotypes for gene: SPIN4 were set to Lui-Jee-Baron syndrome MIM#301114 Review for gene: SPIN4 was set to AMBER Added comment: PMID 36927955 * Single family, hemizygous frameshift variant (NM_001012968.3, c.312_313AGdel) identified in a male individual with generalized overgrowth of prenatal onset, variant also present in the mother and grandmother (both had adult heights 2 SDS greater than their midparental heights). * In vitro shows loss of function and mice studies recapitulated the human phenotype with generalized overgrowth, including increased longitudinal bone growth. Sources: Literature Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1457 | SOX8 |
Paul De Fazio gene: SOX8 was added gene: SOX8 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SOX8 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SOX8 were set to https://www.neurology.org/doi/full/10.1212/NXG.0000000000200088 Phenotypes for gene: SOX8 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO:0700092), SOX8-related Review for gene: SOX8 was set to RED gene: SOX8 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: Proband presented to genetics clinic at 27 years of age with BMI -3.4SD, height -2.7SD, head circumference -1.8SD. She had mild intellectual delay and clinical features of a congenital, nonprogressive myopathy with moderate proximal and distal weakness. X-rays showed skeletal dysplasia, including cervical thoracic scoliosis and lumbar scoliosis. She was reported as having had weakness at birth with poor suck, micrognathia, hypotonia, and talipes. She was documented to have significant motor delay as a child. MRI of the brain demonstrated large posterior fossa CSF spaces. Biallelic SOX8 variants biallelic (NM_014587.3:c.422+5G>C; c.583dup p.(His195ProfsTer11)) were identified by WGS. The +5 variant was shown to affect splicing, while the frameshift variant resulted in production of low-level truncated protein (not NMD predicted). Functional studies on patient fibroblasts showed misregulation of downstream SOX8 targets. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1457 | BORCS8 |
Lauren Rogers changed review comment from: 3 unrelated families with five affected children with homozygous or compound heterozygous loss of function missense and PTC variants. HEK293T cells show the missense variants are expressed at normal levels but exhibit reduced assembly with other BORC subunits and reduced ability to drive lysosome distribution. The BORCS8 PTC frameshift variant is expressed at lower levels and is completely incapable of assembling with other BORC subunits and promoting lysosome distribution. Zebrafish KO of the orthologous brocs8 causes decreased brain and eye size, neuromuscular anomalies and impaired locomotion, recapitulating some of the key traits of the human disease. Sources: Literature; to: 3 unrelated families with five affected children with homozygous or compound heterozygous loss of function missense and PTC variants. 5/5 hypotonia, failure to thrive, global developmental delay, profound intellectual disability, muscle weakness and atrophy, dysmorphic features. 3/5 with microcephaly, 3/5 with seizures, 4/5 with spasticity, 3/5 with scoliosis, 4/4 with optic atrophy. HEK293T cells show the missense variants are expressed at normal levels but exhibit reduced assembly with other BORC subunits and reduced ability to drive lysosome distribution. The BORCS8 PTC frameshift variant is expressed at lower levels and is completely incapable of assembling with other BORC subunits and promoting lysosome distribution. Zebrafish KO of the orthologous brocs8 causes decreased brain and eye size, neuromuscular anomalies and impaired locomotion, recapitulating some of the key traits of the human disease. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1457 | BORCS8 |
Lauren Rogers gene: BORCS8 was added gene: BORCS8 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: BORCS8 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: BORCS8 were set to 38128568 Phenotypes for gene: BORCS8 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO#0700092), BORCS8-related Review for gene: BORCS8 was set to GREEN Added comment: 3 unrelated families with five affected children with homozygous or compound heterozygous loss of function missense and PTC variants. HEK293T cells show the missense variants are expressed at normal levels but exhibit reduced assembly with other BORC subunits and reduced ability to drive lysosome distribution. The BORCS8 PTC frameshift variant is expressed at lower levels and is completely incapable of assembling with other BORC subunits and promoting lysosome distribution. Zebrafish KO of the orthologous brocs8 causes decreased brain and eye size, neuromuscular anomalies and impaired locomotion, recapitulating some of the key traits of the human disease. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1457 | GTPBP1 |
Lucy Spencer gene: GTPBP1 was added gene: GTPBP1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: GTPBP1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: GTPBP1 were set to 38118446 Phenotypes for gene: GTPBP1 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO#0700092), GTPBP1-related Review for gene: GTPBP1 was set to GREEN Added comment: PMID: 38118446- Cohort of individuals with variants in GTPBP2 (which has been previously described) and GTPBP1 (new) who have an identical neurodevelopmental syndrome. 4 homozygous individuals from 3 consanguineous families. 2 families have different NMD-predicted nonsense variants and the third has a missense, all are absent from gnomad v4. The shared cardinal features of GTPBP1 and 2 related disease are microcephaly, profound neurodevelopmental impairment, and distinctive craniofacial features. Epilepsy was present in 10 of 20 individuals but its not clear if those individuals had GTPBP1 or 2 variants. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1454 | PRICKLE2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: PRICKLE2 were changed from Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092; global developmental delay, behavioural difficulties ± epilepsy, autistic features, and attention deficit hyperactive disorder. to Neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO:0700092, PRICKLE2-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1451 | PRICKLE2 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: PRICKLE2: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 34092786, 21276947, 26942291, 26942292; Phenotypes: Neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO:0700092, PRICKLE2-related; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1449 | ERI1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ERI1 were changed from Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia (MONDO#0100510), ERI1-related, Intellectual disability (MONDO#0001071), ERI1-related to Hoxha-Aliu syndrome, MIM# 620662; Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia, Guo-Salian type, MIM# 620663 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1448 | ALG8 | Rylee Peters reviewed gene: ALG8: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 35716054; Phenotypes: Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Ih, MIM# 608104; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1448 | RAP1B | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: RAP1B were changed from Syndromic disease, MONDO:0002254, RAP1B-related; intellectual disability; microcephaly; thrombocytopaenia to Thrombocytopenia 1 with multiple congenital anomalies and dysmorphic facies, MIM# 620654 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1446 | POLD1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: POLD1 were changed from Mandibular hypoplasia, deafness, progeroid features, and lipodystrophy syndrome, MIM# 615381; MONDO:0014157 to Mandibular hypoplasia, deafness, progeroid features, and lipodystrophy syndrome, MIM# 615381; MONDO:0014157; Combined immunodeficiency, MONDO:0015131, POLD1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1443 | POLD1 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: POLD1: Added comment: Association with combined immunodeficiency: Three individuals from two generations of a consanguineous family reported, some functional data. Another unrelated individual reported in PMID 31449058, more functional data. Third family identified in Melbourne, two affected sibs, compound het variants and combined immunodeficiency.; Changed phenotypes: Mandibular hypoplasia, deafness, progeroid features, and lipodystrophy syndrome, MIM# 615381, MONDO:0014157, Combined immunodeficiency, MONDO:0015131, POLD1-related; Changed mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1442 | LCK |
Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: LCK: Added comment: Additional cases: PMID 38100037: Description of a second unrelated patient with novel biallelic missense LCK c.1393T>C, p.C465R variant in a patient from a consanguineous Syrian family with profound T-cell immune deficiency characterized by complete LCK protein expression deficiency and ensuing proximal TCR signaling-and CD4 and CD8-co-receptor-mediated functional and phenotypical defects. PMID: 27087313 reported 3 siblings of a consanguineous family presenting with recurrent pneumonia and severe viral skin disease leading to malignant transformation. The patients had an intronic LCK c.188-2A>G splice site variant resulting in skipping of exon 3 and mRNA decay. Clinical data alongside with CD4+ T-cell lymphocytopenia suggested a hypomorphic LCK deficiency.; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed publications: 22985903, 1579166, 11021796, 27087313, 38100037 |
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| Mendeliome v1.1441 | CASP2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: CASP2 were changed from neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO:0700092, CASP2-related to Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 80, with variant lissencephaly, MIM# 620653 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1440 | RBFOX1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: RBFOX1 were changed from Intellectual disability; autism to Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO:0700092), RBFOX1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1436 | MAP1LC3B2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: MAP1LC3B2 was added gene: MAP1LC3B2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: MAP1LC3B2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: MAP1LC3B2 were set to 35748970; 33310865 Phenotypes for gene: MAP1LC3B2 were set to Hereditary susceptibility to infection, MONDO:0015979, MAP1LC3B2 -related; Mollaret’s meningitis (recurrent lymphocytic meningitis) due to HSV2 Review for gene: MAP1LC3B2 was set to RED Added comment: PMID: 35748970 Affects CNS (resident cells and fibroblasts) Impaired autophagy induction after HSV2 infection - increased viral replication and apoptosis of patient fibroblasts. PMID: 33310865 one affected individual with heterozygous variant in MAP1LC3B2 (p.L109M) Sources: Expert Review |
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| Mendeliome v1.1435 | CAPRIN1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: CAPRIN1 were changed from Neurodegeneration, childhood-onset, with cerebellar ataxia and cognitive decline, MIM# 620636 to Neurodevelopmental disorder, CAPRIN1-related MONDO:0700092; Neurodegeneration, childhood-onset, with cerebellar ataxia and cognitive decline, MIM# 620636 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1433 | CAPRIN1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: CAPRIN1 were changed from Neurodevelopmental disorder, CAPRIN1-related MONDO:0700092 to Neurodegeneration, childhood-onset, with cerebellar ataxia and cognitive decline, MIM# 620636 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1431 | MANF |
Zornitza Stark gene: MANF was added gene: MANF was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: MANF was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: MANF were set to 26077850; 33500254; 34815294 Phenotypes for gene: MANF were set to Diabetes, deafness, developmental delay, and short stature syndrome, MIM# 620651 Review for gene: MANF was set to AMBER Added comment: Two individuals reported with homozygous variants. Mouse model recapitulates deafness phenotype. Sources: Expert Review |
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| Mendeliome v1.1429 | DRG1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: DRG1 were changed from Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO:0700092), DRG1-related to Tan-Almurshedi syndrome, MIM# 620641 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1428 | GABRA4 |
Zornitza Stark gene: GABRA4 was added gene: GABRA4 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: GABRA4 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: GABRA4 were set to 35152403 Phenotypes for gene: GABRA4 were set to Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy MONDO:0100062, GABRA4-related Review for gene: GABRA4 was set to RED Added comment: Single individual with de novo missense variant reported, supportive functional data. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1426 | RBFOX1 | Dean Phelan reviewed gene: RBFOX1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID: 37962958; Phenotypes: Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO:0700092), RBFOX1-related; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1426 | MGP | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: MGP were changed from Keutel syndrome, MIM #245150 to Keutel syndrome, MIM #245150; Skeletal dysplasia MONDO:0018230, MGP-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1423 | KIF5B | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: KIF5B were changed from Skeletal dysplasia, MONDO:0018230, KIF5B-related; Kyphomelic dysplasia to osteogenesis imperfecta, MONDO:0019019; Skeletal dysplasia, MONDO:0018230, KIF5B-related; Kyphomelic dysplasia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1420 | PLA2G16 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: PLA2G16 were changed from Lipodystrophy (MONDO:0006573) to Lipodystrophy (MONDO:0006573), PLA2G16-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1417 | SLC19A1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: SLC19A1 were changed from Megaloblastic anemia, folate-responsive, MIM# 601775 to Megaloblastic anemia, folate-responsive, MIM# 601775; Combined immunodeficiency, SLC19A1-related MONDO:0015131 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1415 | RAB1A |
Zornitza Stark gene: RAB1A was added gene: RAB1A was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: RAB1A was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: RAB1A were set to 37924809 Phenotypes for gene: RAB1A were set to neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO:0700092, RAB1A-related Review for gene: RAB1A was set to AMBER Added comment: Four families and 5 individuals, 2/5 have speech delay and 4/5 have motor delay. Anxiety in 3/5 and autism in 2/5. Microcephaly in only one individual, spastic paraplegia observed in 2 individuals from one family. In 2 families variants were inherited from an affected parent. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1411 | FUK |
Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: FUK: Added comment: PMID: 35718084: Reporting on 3 unrelated patients from literature and 1 new patient. All reported to have mild-severe intellectual disability, developmental delay and brain abnormalities, and 3/4 present with seizures. Phenotypes are childhood onset. Homozygous and compound heterozygous variants have been reported. PMID: 36426412: Reporting on new 1 patient (homozygous missense). Not affected by intellectual disability, developmental delay, or brain abnormalities. Presents with seizures. Loss of function suggested due to depletion of the FUK gene expression.; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed publications: 30503518, 35718084, 36426412 |
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| Mendeliome v1.1411 | SV2A | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: SV2A were changed from Epilepsy, MONDO:0005027 to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, SV2A-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1409 | SV2A | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: SV2A: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, SV2A-related; Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic (but BIALLELIC mutations cause a more SEVERE disease form), autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1408 | CEP192 |
Chern Lim gene: CEP192 was added gene: CEP192 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: CEP192 was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: CEP192 were set to 37981762 Phenotypes for gene: CEP192 were set to microcephaly, short stature, limb-extremity dysplasia, and reduced testicular size Review for gene: CEP192 was set to RED gene: CEP192 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: PMID: 37981762: - In one family, chet missense p.His638Tyr and p.Asn1917Ser segregated with microcephaly, short stature, limb-extremity dysplasia, and reduced testicular size in two affected siblings. Both sibs also fulfilled dx for mosaic variegated aneuploidy (MVA) syndrome and have tetraploidy. - A lower but substantial proportion of MVA/tetraploidy cells was observed in II-1, II-2, and II-4 (who are het for one of the variants). - In the same family, each variants in heterozygous state segregated with infertility and/or reduced testicular size in the proband’s father and maternal uncle. - Variant screening of CEP192 coding regions performed for 1264 unrelated males with idiopathic infertility. - Asn1917Ser was also detected in three additional unrelated infertile males with reduced testicular volumes. - Two other missense and two synonymous variants were repeatedly detected in infertile males. - qPCR showed CEP192 expression was decreased in individuals with c.1912C>T His638Tyr, mini-gene assay showed that c.1912C>T His638Tyr led to the skipping of exon 14, predicted to result in NMD. - Epithelial cells cultured in vitro from patients with biallelic variants showed the number of cells arrested during the prophase increased because of the failure of spindle formation. - Embyronic mouse lethality in Cep192-/- (hom for His638Tyr), Cep192M/M (hom for Asn1917Ser) and Cep192-/M (chet). - Embryos of Cep192M/M mice had significant increase of MVA and tetraploidy cells. - Number of apoptotic cells increased in Cep192M/M embryos compared with that of Cep192+/+, similar result in Cep192-/- embryos. - Male mice with Cep192 heterozygous variants replicated infertility Conclusions: - Association of this gene with autosomal recessive disease has not been established. - Association of monoallelic variants in this gene with infertility is not well established: - Two variants with some supportive evidence from mouse model. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1408 | CRELD1 | Naomi Baker reviewed gene: CRELD1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID: 37947183; Phenotypes: Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO:0700092), CRELD1-related; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1405 | DDX17 |
Melanie Marty gene: DDX17 was added gene: DDX17 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: DDX17 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: DDX17 were set to https://www.medrxiv.org/search/DDX17 Phenotypes for gene: DDX17 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO#0700092), DDX17-related Review for gene: DDX17 was set to GREEN Added comment: https://www.medrxiv.org/search/DDX17 (pre-print) 11 patients with het de novo variants in DDX17 (5 NMD, 6 missense). Patient's phenotype included mild-moderate intellectual disability, delayed speech and language development and global developmental delay. 64% had dysmorphic facial features. Some patients also have gross and fine motor delay, generalized hypotonia, stereotypy, and evidence of autism spectrum disorder. Knockdown of Ddx17 in newborn mice showed impaired axon outgrowth and reduced axon outgrowth and branching was observed in primary cortical neurons in vitro. This result was replicated in Crispant Xenopus tadpoles, which had clear functional neural defects and showed an impaired neurobehavioral phenotype. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1403 | RNF213 | Seb Lunke changed review comment from: 14 individuals from 13 unrelated families with (de novo) missensevariants in RNF213 clustering within or around the RING domain. Individuals presented either with early-onset stroke (n=11) or with Leigh syndrome (n=3). No genotype-phenotype correlation could be established. Common features included Global Developmental Delay and Seizures, increased serum lactate, ischemic stroke, Moyamoya phenomenon and carotid/cerebral artery stenosis. Onset of symptoms generally in the first 6 months of life.; to: 14 individuals from 13 unrelated families with (de novo) missensevariants in RNF213 clustering within or around the RING domain. Individuals presented either with early-onset stroke (n=11) or with Leigh syndrome like symptoms (n=3). No genotype-phenotype correlation could be established. Common features included Global Developmental Delay and Seizures, increased serum lactate, ischemic stroke, and carotid/cerebral artery stenosis. Onset of symptoms generally in the first 6 months of life. Moyamoya phenomenon was present in 10/13 individuals. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1402 | SLC19A1 | Paul De Fazio reviewed gene: SLC19A1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 36517554, 36745868; Phenotypes: Combined immunodeficiency, SLC19A1-related MONDO:0015131; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1402 | KCNJ3 |
Daniel Flanagan gene: KCNJ3 was added gene: KCNJ3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: KCNJ3 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: KCNJ3 were set to PMID: 37963718 Phenotypes for gene: KCNJ3 were set to Epilepsy (MONDO#0005027), KCNJ3-related Review for gene: KCNJ3 was set to AMBER Added comment: Two de novo missense variants, p.(Leu333Ser) and p.(Arg313Gln), were identified in two unrelated probands with epilepsy. 1/2 had developmental delay. Whole-cell patch-clamp functional studies showed a significantly reduction in current amplitude and density. Kcnj3-knockout mice display hyperactivity and decreased anxiety, while a knock-in mouse line displays spontaneous seizure-like activity. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v1.1401 | PLA2G16 |
Lauren Rogers changed review comment from: 7 patients from 4 unrelated consanguineous families with homozygous loss of function PTC variants. Features: 4/7 metabolic features, 6/7 neurological/skeletal features, 3/7 Psychomotor retardation/intellectual disability, 5/7 demyelinating peripheral neuropathy. Null mouse and patient derived white adipose tissue showed enrichment of arachidonic acid-containing membrane phospholipids and a strong decrease in PPARγ. CRISPR–Cas9-mediated PLAAT3 inactivation in human adipose stem cells induced insulin resistance, altered adipocyte diferentiation with decreased lipid droplet formation and reduced the expression of adipogenic and mature adipocyte markers, including PPARγ. Sources: Literature; to: 7 patients from 4 unrelated consanguineous families with homozygous loss of function PTC variants. Features: 4/7 metabolic features, 6/7 neurological/skeletal features, 3/7 Psychomotor retardation/intellectual disability, 5/7 demyelinating peripheral neuropathy. Null mouse and patient derived white adipose tissue showed enrichment of arachidonic acid-containing membrane phospholipids and a strong decrease in PPARγ. CRISPR–Cas9-mediated PLAAT3 inactivation in human adipose stem cells induced insulin resistance, altered adipocyte differentiation with decreased lipid droplet formation and reduced the expression of adipogenic and mature adipocyte markers, including PPARγ. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1401 | MARK4 |
Rylee Peters changed review comment from: Missense variant, c.604T>C; p.Phe202Leu, identified in two siblings with childhood-onset neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by global developmental delay, intellectual disability, behavioural abnormalities, and dysmorphic features. The variant is located in the catalytic domain of the kinase, and is inherited from unaffected mosaic mother. Functional investigation revealed that the variant results in a gain-of-function in the ability of MARK4 to phosphorylate tau and leads to up-regulation of the mTORC1 pathway. Sources: Literature; to: Heterozygous missense variant, c.604T>C; p.Phe202Leu, identified in two siblings with childhood-onset neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by global developmental delay, intellectual disability, behavioural abnormalities, and dysmorphic features. The variant is located in the catalytic domain of the kinase, and is inherited from unaffected mosaic mother. Functional investigation revealed that the variant results in a gain-of-function in the ability of MARK4 to phosphorylate tau and leads to up-regulation of the mTORC1 pathway. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1401 | PLA2G16 |
Lauren Rogers gene: PLA2G16 was added gene: PLA2G16 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: PLA2G16 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Publications for gene: PLA2G16 were set to PMID: 37919452 Phenotypes for gene: PLA2G16 were set to Lipodystrophy (MONDO:0006573) Review for gene: PLA2G16 was set to GREEN Added comment: 7 patients from 4 unrelated consanguineous families with homozygous loss of function PTC variants. Features: 4/7 metabolic features, 6/7 neurological/skeletal features, 3/7 Psychomotor retardation/intellectual disability, 5/7 demyelinating peripheral neuropathy. Null mouse and patient derived white adipose tissue showed enrichment of arachidonic acid-containing membrane phospholipids and a strong decrease in PPARγ. CRISPR–Cas9-mediated PLAAT3 inactivation in human adipose stem cells induced insulin resistance, altered adipocyte diferentiation with decreased lipid droplet formation and reduced the expression of adipogenic and mature adipocyte markers, including PPARγ. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1401 | MARK4 |
Rylee Peters gene: MARK4 was added gene: MARK4 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: MARK4 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: MARK4 were set to PMID: 38041405 Phenotypes for gene: MARK4 were set to neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO:0700092), MARK4-related Mode of pathogenicity for gene: MARK4 was set to Other Review for gene: MARK4 was set to AMBER gene: MARK4 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: Missense variant, c.604T>C; p.Phe202Leu, identified in two siblings with childhood-onset neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by global developmental delay, intellectual disability, behavioural abnormalities, and dysmorphic features. The variant is located in the catalytic domain of the kinase, and is inherited from unaffected mosaic mother. Functional investigation revealed that the variant results in a gain-of-function in the ability of MARK4 to phosphorylate tau and leads to up-regulation of the mTORC1 pathway. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1401 | SEL1L |
Sarah Pantaleo gene: SEL1L was added gene: SEL1L was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SEL1L was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SEL1L were set to PMID: 37943610; PMID: 37943617 Phenotypes for gene: SEL1L were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, SEL1L-related Penetrance for gene: SEL1L were set to Complete Added comment: Wang paper PMID: 37943610 SEL1L protein is involved in the SEL1L-HRD1 endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation. Report two biallelic missense variants in SEL1L in six children from three independent families presenting with developmental delay, intellectual disability, microcephaly, facial dysmorphisms, hypotonia and/or ataxia (termed ERAD-associated neurodevelopment disorder with onset in infancy (ENDI). The variants were hypomorphic and impaired ERAD function. Identified by WES. Parents heterozygous and asymptomatic. P.(Gly585Asp) in Patient 1, p.(Met528Arg) in Patients 2 and 3 (siblings). All variants cause substrate accumulation. The extent of substrate accumulation in knockin cells was modest compared to those in knockout cells, pointing to a hypomorphic nature. They also had a variant in HRD1. Weis paper PMID: 37943617 Third variant p.(Cys141Tyr), biallelic, causing premature death in five patients from a consanguineous family with early-onset neurodevelopmental disorders and agammaglobulinaemia due to severe SEL1L-HRD1 ERAD dysfunction. This variant appears to have a more severe outcome, exhibiting B cell depletion and agammaglobulinaemia, causing the most severe dysfunction among all of the variants described by this group so far. They postulate that functionality of SEL1L-HRD1 ERAD is inversely correlated with disease severity in humans. Their symptoms were dev delay, neurological disorder and agammaglobulinaemia in childhood. Along with severe axial hypotonia, short stature and microcephaly. “Not a complete loss-of-function variant”. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1401 | FOXL1 |
Lilian Downie gene: FOXL1 was added gene: FOXL1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: FOXL1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: FOXL1 were set to PMID: 34633540 Phenotypes for gene: FOXL1 were set to Otosclerosis 11 #MIM620576 Review for gene: FOXL1 was set to RED Added comment: Single paper with variant in large AD family from Newfoundland with otosclerosis, hearing loss onset varied from late teens onwards. Segregation not completely convincing, 1 person with the deletion without otosclerosis. Conductive HL, sometimes mixed, not isolated SNHL. Second family with common haplotype and same 15bp deletion with otosclerosis. Functional studies. High population frequency and 3x homozygotes. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1401 | PPID |
Elena Savva gene: PPID was added gene: PPID was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: PPID was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Publications for gene: PPID were set to 37977818 Phenotypes for gene: PPID were set to Stutter disorder, (MONDO:0000723), PPID-related Review for gene: PPID was set to RED Added comment: PMID: 37977818 - a large family (10 affected confirmed to have the variant) with stuttering/language disorder and a het missense (p.(Pro270Ser)). Mouse K/I model showed microstructural changes in the corticospinal tract Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1400 | PRPF19 |
Dean Phelan gene: PRPF19 was added gene: PRPF19 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: PRPF19 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: PRPF19 were set to PMID: 37962958 Phenotypes for gene: PRPF19 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO:0700092), PRPF19-related Review for gene: PRPF19 was set to GREEN Added comment: PMID: 37962958 Six unrelated individuals with de novo variants. Five had speech language motor delay, four had formal diagnosis of autism, three hypotonia and one fetus with multiple congenital abnormalities. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1400 | COL17A1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: COL17A1 were changed from Epidermolysis bullosa, junctional 4, intermediate MIM#619787; Epithelial recurrent erosion dystrophy MIM#122400 to Epidermolysis bullosa, junctional 4, intermediate MIM#619787; Epithelial recurrent erosion dystrophy MIM#122400; Amelogenesis imperfecta MONDO:0019507, COL17A1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1398 | COL17A1 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: COL17A1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 37979963; Phenotypes: Amelogenesis imperfecta MONDO:0019507, COL17A1-related; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1397 | GRIA3 | Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: GRIA3 was changed from X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1396 | GRIA3 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: GRIA3: Added comment: New manuscript describing ~40 individuals with variants in GRIA3, including affected females. Some variants demonstrated to be LoF and others GoF. LoF variants generally caused a milder phenotype.; Changed publications: 32977175, 17989220, 38038360; Changed mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1394 | WBP4 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: WBP4: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 37963460; Phenotypes: Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, WBP4-related; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1394 | MRPL39 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: MRPL39 were changed from Mitochondrial disease MONDO:0044970 to Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency-59 (COXPD59), MIM#620646 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1393 | MRPL39 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: MRPL39: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency-59 (COXPD59), MIM#620646; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1391 | CNTN2 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: CNTN2: Added comment: Additional family, consanguineous, homozygous variants segregated in 3 affected sibs and was not homozygous in unaffected sib. Seizures later childhood onset and mild ID.; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed publications: 23518707, 37359369; Changed phenotypes: Epilepsy, MONDO:0015653, CNTN2-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1390 | FA2H |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Well established gene-disease association, both peripheral and central features (dystonia, dysarthria, cognitive impairment, and epilepsy), childhood-onset, progressive. Sources: Expert Review; to: Well established gene-disease association, both peripheral and central features (dystonia, dysarthria, cognitive impairment, and epilepsy), childhood-onset, progressive. PubMed: 31135052 – 19 patients from 16 families consistent with a complicated form of SPG. PubMed:18463364 – 7 individuals identified from a large consanguineous family with SPG. PubMed: 19068277 – 7 patients from 2 unrelated consanguineous middle eastern families PubMed: 20104589– Multiple affected individuals in an Omani family. Findings indicated that an abnormal hydroxylation of myelin galactocerebroside lipid components can lead to the progression of a severe phenotype. Sources: Expert Review |
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| Mendeliome v1.1388 | EFCAB1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: EFCAB1 were changed from Primary ciliary dyskinesia, MONDO:0016575, EFCAB1-related to Ciliary dyskinesia, primary, 53, MIM# 620642 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1387 | WNK3 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: WNK3 were changed from Neurodevelopmental disorder, WNK3-related (MONDO#0700092) to Prieto syndrome, MIM# 309610 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1385 | FLII | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: FLII were changed from Dilated cardiomyopathy MONDO:0005021 to Cardiomyopathy, dilated, 2J, MIM# 620635 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1384 | FLII | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: FLII: Changed phenotypes: Cardiomyopathy, dilated, 2J, MIM# 620635 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1381 | KDR |
Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: KDR: Added comment: PMID 34113005: Exome sequencing in a family with two siblings affected by ToF revealed biallelic missense variants in KDR. Studies in knock-in mice and in HEK 293T cells identified embryonic lethality for one variant when occurring in the homozygous state, and a significantly reduced VEGFR2 phosphorylation for both variants. Rare variant burden analysis conducted in a set of 1,569 patients of European descent with ToF identified a 46-fold enrichment of protein-truncating variants (PTVs) in TOF cases compared to controls (P = 7 × 10-11). At this stage MOI unclear and insufficient evidence for either MOI.; Changed publications: 31980491, 29650961, 18931684, 34113005; Changed phenotypes: Pulmonary hypertension, Haemangioma, capillary infantile, somatic 602089, Tetralogy of Fallot, MONDO:0008542; Changed mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal |
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| Mendeliome v1.1380 | DOT1L |
Zornitza Stark gene: DOT1L was added gene: DOT1L was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: DOT1L was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: DOT1L were set to 37827158 Phenotypes for gene: DOT1L were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, DOT1L-related Mode of pathogenicity for gene: DOT1L was set to Loss-of-function variants (as defined in pop up message) DO NOT cause this phenotype - please provide details in the comments Review for gene: DOT1L was set to GREEN Added comment: Nine individuals reported with seven de novo missense variants. All had DD/ID and variable patterns of associated congenital anomalies. Variants demonstrated to be GoF and lead to increased H3K79 methylation levels in flies and human cells. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1378 | UNC119 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Immunodeficiency 13: Single case reported with the missense Gly22Val. The allele frequency of this variant is >2% in the African/African American subpopulation in gnomAD v2.1, including 6 homozygotes. RED for this association. Borderline Green for association with cone-rod dystrophy.; to: Immunodeficiency 13: Single case reported with the missense Gly22Val. The allele frequency of this variant is >2% in the African/African American subpopulation in gnomAD v2.1, including 6 homozygotes. RED for this association. Cone-rod dystrophy: one of the reported variants is missense with no other supporting evidence. |
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| Mendeliome v1.1377 | ARPC5 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ARPC5 were changed from Combined immunodeficiency, ARPC5-related MONDO:0015131 to Immunodeficiency 133 with autoimmunity and autoinflammation, MIM# 620565 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1375 | RRAGC | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: RRAGC were changed from Dilated cardiomyopathy (MONDO:0005021), RRAGC-related to Long-Olsen syndrome, MIM# 620609 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1369 | KCNA3 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: KCNA3: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 37964487; Phenotypes: Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, KCNA3-related; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1369 | ERG | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ERG were changed from primary lymphoedema MONDO#0019175, ERG-related to Lymphatic malformation 14, MIM# 620602 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1368 | PLS3 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: PLS3 were changed from Bone mineral density QTL18, osteoporosis - MIM#300910; congenital diaphragmatic hernia MONDO:0005711, PLS3-related to Bone mineral density QTL18, osteoporosis - MIM#300910; Diaphragmatic hernia 5, X-linked, MIM# 306950 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1367 | TOMM7 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: TOMM7 were changed from Inborn mitochondrial disorder MONDO:0004069, TOMM7-related to Garg-Mishra progeroid syndrome, MIM# 620601 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1363 | MDM4 |
Bryony Thompson gene: MDM4 was added gene: MDM4 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Other Mode of inheritance for gene: MDM4 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: MDM4 were set to 32300648; 33104793 Phenotypes for gene: MDM4 were set to bone marrow failure syndrome MONDO:0000159, MDM4-related Review for gene: MDM4 was set to AMBER Added comment: A single family was reported to segregate a missense variant (p.Thr454Met) with features suggestive of dyskeratosis congenita, e.g., bone marrow hypocellularity, short telomeres, tongue squamous cell carcinoma, and acute myeloid leukemia. A mouse model of p.Thr454Met showed increased p53 activity, decreased telomere length, and bone marrow failure. Sources: Other |
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| Mendeliome v1.1362 | THOC6 | Ling Sun reviewed gene: THOC6: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 35426486, 30476144; Phenotypes: VSD/ASD, severe aortic and left ventricular hypoplasia, Mild dilation of the right chambers and a mild myocardial hypertrophy secondary to a chronic hypertension, ventriculomegaly; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1358 | PSMB10 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: PSMB10: Added comment: PMID 37600812: 3 additional unrelated patients with compound heterozygous variants with structural modelling of proteasome assembly.; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed publications: 31783057, 37600812 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1355 | MCTS1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: MCTS1 was added gene: MCTS1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: MCTS1 was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females Publications for gene: MCTS1 were set to 37875108 Phenotypes for gene: MCTS1 were set to Inherited susceptibility to mycobacterial diseases, MONDO:0019146, MCTS1-related Review for gene: MCTS1 was set to GREEN Added comment: 6 male subjects from 5 kindreds with LOF MCTS-1 variants with MSMD. Extensive ex-vivo functional validation and mouse model. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1353 | FMNL2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: FMNL2 were changed from inflammatory bowel disease, MONDO:0005265 to inflammatory bowel disease, MONDO:0005265, FMNL2-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1351 | FMNL2 |
Achchuthan Shanmugasundram gene: FMNL2 was added gene: FMNL2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: FMNL2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: FMNL2 were set to 34043722 Phenotypes for gene: FMNL2 were set to inflammatory bowel disease, MONDO:0005265 Mode of pathogenicity for gene: FMNL2 was set to Loss-of-function variants (as defined in pop up message) DO NOT cause this phenotype - please provide details in the comments Review for gene: FMNL2 was set to AMBER Added comment: A patient was reported with a de novo heterozygous FMNL2 variant (p.Leu136Pro) and with severe very early onset inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The functional characterisation of this variant showed that FMNL2 L136P protein displayed subcellular mislocalisation and deregulated protein autoinhibition indicating gain-of-function mechanism (PMID:34043722). Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1350 | CCDC66 | Ain Roesley Phenotypes for gene: CCDC66 were changed from to myopia MONDO:0001384, CCDC66-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1348 | MYO9B | Elena Savva Phenotypes for gene: MYO9B were changed from {Celiac disease, susceptibility to, 4} MIM#609753 to Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2 (MONDO:0018993), MYO9B-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1345 | MYO9B | Melanie Marty reviewed gene: MYO9B: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID: 36260368; Phenotypes: Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2 (MONDO:0018993), MYO9B-related; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1345 | MAN2B2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: MAN2B2 were changed from Congenital disorder of glycosylation; immunodeficiency to Congenital disorder of glycosylation, MONDO:0015286, MAN2B2-related; immunodeficiency | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1343 | ELP1 | Ain Roesley Phenotypes for gene: ELP1 were changed from Dysautonomia, familial MIM#223900; paediatric medulloblastoma to Dysautonomia, familial MIM#223900; paediatric medulloblastoma; neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, ELP1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1340 | ELP1 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: ELP1: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 36864284; Phenotypes: neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, ELP1-related; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1338 | SGSM3 |
Dean Phelan gene: SGSM3 was added gene: SGSM3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SGSM3 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SGSM3 were set to PMID: 37833060 Phenotypes for gene: SGSM3 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO:0700092), SGSM3-related Review for gene: SGSM3 was set to AMBER Added comment: PMID: 37833060 - 13 patients from 8 families of Ashkenazi Jewish origin all had the same homozygous frameshift variant (c.981dup). Predicted to cause NMD. The variant co-segregated with disease in all available family members. The affected individuals displayed mild global developmental delay and mild to moderate intellectual disability. Additional prevalent phenotypes observed included hypotonia, behavioural challenges and short stature. Considered a founder variant (1 in 52 Ashkenazi Jews carry the variant). Also present in other populations but no homozygotes in gnomAD. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1338 | LRRC23 | Elena Savva Phenotypes for gene: LRRC23 were changed from Non-syndromic male infertility due to sperm motility disorder, (MONDO:0017173), LRRC23-related to Non-syndromic male infertility due to sperm motility disorder, (MONDO:0017173), LRRC23-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1337 | LRRC23 | Elena Savva Phenotypes for gene: LRRC23 were changed from Non-syndromic male infertility due to sperm motility disorder MONDO:0017173 to Non-syndromic male infertility due to sperm motility disorder, (MONDO:0017173), LRRC23-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1335 | AGPAT3 |
Ee Ming Wong gene: AGPAT3 was added gene: AGPAT3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: AGPAT3 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: AGPAT3 were set to 37821758 Phenotypes for gene: AGPAT3 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO#0700092), AGPAT3-related Review for gene: AGPAT3 was set to GREEN gene: AGPAT3 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: - Single consanguineous family with four individuals with severe intellectual disability and retinitis pigmentosa - All affected individuals were homozygous for a nonsense variant in AGPAT3, healthy unaffected individuals who were tested were heterozygous for the variant - Overexpression of mutant transcript revealed absence of AGPAT3 protein compared to WT transcript via Western blot analysis - KO AGPAT3 mouse demonstrated impaired neuronal migration Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1333 | DLG2 |
Elena Savva gene: DLG2 was added gene: DLG2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: DLG2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Publications for gene: DLG2 were set to PMID: 37860969 Phenotypes for gene: DLG2 were set to Intellectual disability (MONDO#0001071), DLG2-related Review for gene: DLG2 was set to AMBER Added comment: PMID: 37860969 - 13 patients from 10 families with neurodevelopmental disorders, dysmorphic features and intragenic deletions including both exonic (minimal affect all transcripts) and UTR regions. Majority of variants were inherited, some de novo. But many NMD PTCs in gnomAD (some looking messy, in noncanonical transcript etc.) Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1330 | MIEF1 |
Lucy Spencer gene: MIEF1 was added gene: MIEF1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: MIEF1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Publications for gene: MIEF1 were set to 33632269 Phenotypes for gene: MIEF1 were set to Optic atrophy 14 (MIM#620550) Review for gene: MIEF1 was set to AMBER Added comment: PMID: 33632269 Inherited optic neuropathies cohort from france with nothing found in OPA1, OPA3 and WFS1 or mtDNA. 2 individuals (55 and 47yo) found to have missense variant in MIEF1, p.Arg146Trp has 35 hets 0 homs in gnomad, p.Tyr240Asn is absent. Both have non-syndromic late onset inherited optic neuropathies characterized by initial loss of peripheral visual fields. Functional studies in HeLa cells- both missense localised to the mitochondria and formed oligomers similar to WT. MIEF1 normally regulates mitochondrial fission dynamics and causes an increase in mitochondrial fusion events, however both missense variants caused a significantly decreased mitochondrial fusion events. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1330 | CASP2 |
Lisa Norbart gene: CASP2 was added gene: CASP2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: CASP2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: CASP2 were set to 37880421 Phenotypes for gene: CASP2 were set to neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO:0700092, CASP2-related Penetrance for gene: CASP2 were set to Complete Review for gene: CASP2 was set to GREEN gene: CASP2 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: 7 patients from 5 families 4 families hom for PTCs, 1 family Chet for splice+PTC RNA studies done for the splice to indicate usage of two cryptic splice donor sites 5/5 have ID/dev delay 1/5 has seizures 2/5 hypotonia 3/5 lissencephaly (pachygyria and cortical thickening) Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1327 | AXIN1 |
Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: AXIN1: Added comment: PMID: 37582359 - four families (7 individuals) with three homozygous truncating variants. - all variant shown to result in reduced protein, though 1/3 would be NMD predicted - Probands had macrocephaly (4/6), GDD (3/7), hip dysplasia (5/6), cardiac anomalies eg. VSD/ASD (3/7), cranial hyperostosis and vertebral endplate sclerosis; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed publications: 37582359; Changed phenotypes: Craniometadiaphyseal osteosclerosis with hip dysplasia, MIM# 620558; Changed mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal |
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| Mendeliome v1.1327 | AXIN1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: AXIN1 were changed from Caudal duplication anomaly, MIM# 607864; Syndromic disease, (MONDO:0002254), AXIN1-related to Craniometadiaphyseal osteosclerosis with hip dysplasia, MIM# 620558 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1324 | SAT1 | Chirag Patel reviewed gene: SAT1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID: 35977808; Phenotypes: Systemic lupus erythematosus, MONDO:0007915, SAT1-related; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1324 | GPR156 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: GPR156 were changed from Sensorineural hearing loss, MONDO:60700002, GPR156-related to Deafness, autosomal recessive 121, MIM# 620551 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1322 | HAND2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: HAND2 were changed from Congenital heart disease to Congenital heart disease, MONDO:0005453, HAND2-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1321 | KDM5B | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: KDM5B were changed from Mental retardation, autosomal recessive 65 MIM#618109; Intellectual disability and/or autism, autosomal dominant to Mental retardation, autosomal recessive 65 MIM#618109; Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO#0700092), KDM5B-related, autosomal dominant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1320 | KDM5B | Lauren Rogers reviewed gene: KDM5B: Rating: ; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO#0700092), KDM5B-related, Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 65 (MIM#618109); Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1319 | PTPN4 |
Bryony Thompson changed review comment from: >3 unrelated probands and supporting mouse model PMID: 17953619 - knockout mouse model has impaired motor learning and cerebellar synaptic plasticity PMID: 25424712 - twins with a de novo whole gene deletion and a Rett-like neurodevelopmental disorder PMID: 30238967 - mosaic de novo variant (p.Leu72Ser) identified in a child with developmental delay, autistic features, hypotonia, increased immunoglobulin E and dental problems. Also supporting mouse assays demonstrating loss of protein expression in dendritic spines DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xhgg.2021.100033 - missense and truncating variants in six unrelated individuals with varying degrees of intellectual disability or developmental delay. 5 were able to undergo segregation analysis and found to be de novo. Sources: Literature; to: >3 unrelated probands and supporting mouse model PMID: 17953619 - knockout mouse model has impaired motor learning and cerebellar synaptic plasticity PMID: 25424712 - twins with a de novo whole gene deletion and a Rett-like neurodevelopmental disorder PMID: 30238967 - mosaic de novo variant (p.Leu72Ser) identified in a child with developmental delay, autistic features, hypotonia, increased immunoglobulin E and dental problems. Also supporting mouse assays demonstrating loss of protein expression in dendritic spines PMID: 34527963 - missense and truncating variants in six unrelated individuals with varying degrees of intellectual disability or developmental delay. 5 were able to undergo segregation analysis and found to be de novo. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1319 | ZFHX3 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ZFHX3 were changed from Intellectual disability to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, ZFHX3-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1318 | ZFHX3 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: ZFHX3: Added comment: 41 individuals with protein truncating variants (PTVs) or (partial) deletions of ZFHX3. Presentations included (mild) ID and/or behavioural problems, postnatal growth retardation, feeding difficulties, dysmorphism (rarely cleft palate). Nuclear abundance of ZFHX3 increases during human brain development and neuronal differentiation in neural stem cells and SH-SY5Y cells, ZFHX3 interacts with the chromatin remodelling BRG1/Brm-associated factor complex and the cleavage and polyadenylation complex. ZFHX3 haploinsufficiency associates with a specific DNA methylation profile in leukocyte-derived DNA, and participates in chromatin remodelling and mRNA processing.; Changed publications: 37292950; Changed phenotypes: Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, ZFHX3-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1316 | EPHA2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: EPHA2 were changed from cataract 6 multiple types MONDO:0007288 to cataract 6 multiple types MONDO:0007288; microphthalmia, MONDO:0021129, EPHA2-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1314 | COG3 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: COG3 were changed from Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO#0700092), COG3-related to Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type IIbb, MIM# 620546 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1313 | COG3 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: COG3: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type IIbb, MIM# 620546; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1313 | ADAMTS15 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ADAMTS15 were changed from Arthrogryposis (MONDO:0008779), ADMATS15-related to Arthrogryposis, distal, type 12, MIM# 620545 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1311 | SPTAN1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: SPTAN1 were changed from Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 5, MIM# 613477; Hereditary spastic paraplegia MONDO:0019064, SPTAN1-related; Neuronopathy, distal hereditary motor, 11, autosomal dominant, MIM# 620528 to Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 5, MIM# 613477; Hereditary spastic paraplegia MONDO:0019064, SPTAN1-related; Neuronopathy, distal hereditary motor, 11, autosomal dominant, MIM# 620528; Autosomal dominant spastic paraplegia-91, with or without cerebellar ataxia (SPG91), MIM#620538 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1310 | SPTAN1 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: SPTAN1: Changed phenotypes: Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 5, MIM# 613477, Hereditary spastic paraplegia MONDO:0019064, SPTAN1-related, Neuronopathy, distal hereditary motor, 11, autosomal dominant, MIM# 620528, Autosomal dominant spastic paraplegia-91, with or without cerebellar ataxia (SPG91), MIM#620538 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1306 | KDM2B | Ain Roesley edited their review of gene: KDM2B: Changed phenotypes: neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO#0700092, KDM2B-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1306 | KDM2B | Ain Roesley Phenotypes for gene: KDM2B were changed from neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO#070009, KDM2B-related to neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO#0700092, KDM2B-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1305 | FAM83G | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: FAM83G were changed from Palmoplantar keratoderma, curly scalp hair and toenail dystrophy to Hereditary palmoplantar keratoderma, MONDO:0019272, FAM83G-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1304 | FAM83G | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: FAM83G: Changed phenotypes: Hereditary palmoplantar keratoderma, MONDO:0019272, FAM83G-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1304 | FAAP24 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: FAAP24 were changed from EBV infection-driven lymphoproliferative disease to Immunodeficiency-associated lymphoproliferative disease, MONDO:0020083, FAAP24-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1303 | FAAP24 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: FAAP24: Changed phenotypes: Immunodeficiency-associated lymphoproliferative disease, MONDO:0020083, FAAP24-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1303 | IL23R | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: IL23R were changed from Immunodeficiency disease, MONDO:0021094; Susceptibility to mycobacteria and Salmonella to Immunodeficiency disease, MONDO:0021094; Inherited susceptibility to mycobacterial disease, MONDO:0019146, IL23R-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1300 | IL23R | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: IL23R: Added comment: PMID 36763636: Six individuals from four unrelated Iranian kindreds with AR complete IL-23R deficiency presenting MSMD with complete penetrance. Also some patients with susceptibility to CMC with incomplete penetrance.; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed publications: 30578351, 35829840, 36763636; Changed phenotypes: Immunodeficiency disease, MONDO:0021094, Inherited susceptibility to mycobacterial disease, MONDO:0019146, IL23R-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1300 | IRF1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: IRF1 were changed from to Inherited susceptibility to mycobacterial disease, MONDO:0019146, IRF1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1296 | IRF1 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: IRF1: Added comment: PMID 36736301: Two unrelated children with recurrent early-onset life-threatening mycobacterial diseases due to multiple mycobacteria (BCG, M. avium). Homozygous LoF vairiants with extensive supporting functional data.; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed publications: 36736301; Changed phenotypes: Inherited susceptibility to mycobacterial disease, MONDO:0019146, IRF1-related; Changed mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1296 | IRF4 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: IRF4 were changed from Whipple's disease; [Skin/hair/eye pigmentation, variation in, 8] 611724; Combined immunodeficiency to Combined immunodeficiency, MONDO:0015131, IRF4-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1293 | IRF4 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: IRF4: Added comment: PMID 36662884: Seven individuals with profound CID from six kindreds of diverse ethnic origins (Fig. 1A). All affected individuals suffered with early onset (<1 year of age) recurrent sinopulmonary infections, with the opportunistic pathogen Pneumocystis jirovecii causing pneumonia in most individuals. p.T95R variant found in all patients. Extensive functional data including knockout mouse model. The heterozygous IRF4T95R variant found in multiple unrelated families caused a fully penetrant, severe very early-onset immunodeficiency characterized by greatly enhanced susceptibility to opportunistic pathogens such as P. jirovecii and weakly pathogenic mycobacteria.; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed publications: 29537367, 36662884; Changed phenotypes: Combined immunodeficiency, MONDO:0015131, IRF4-related; Changed mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1286 | KCNH5 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: KCNH5 were changed from Neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO#0700092, KCNH5-related to Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 112, MIM# 620537 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1283 | U2AF2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: U2AF2 were changed from Neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO:0700092, U2AF2-related to Developmental delay, dysmorphic facies, and brain anomalies, MIM# 620535 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1282 | EYA3 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: EYA3 were changed from Oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum (OAVS) to Oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum (OAVS), MONDO:0015397, EYA3-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1281 | ETS1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ETS1 were changed from Intellectual disability to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, ETS1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1280 | ETS1 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: ETS1: Changed phenotypes: Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, ETS1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1280 | ERBIN | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ERBIN were changed from Recurrent respiratory infections; Susceptibility to S.aureus; Eczema; Hyperextensible joints; Scoliosis; Arterial dilatation in some to Combined immunodeficiency, MONDO:0015131, ERBIN-related; Recurrent respiratory infections; Susceptibility to S.aureus; Eczema; Hyperextensible joints; Scoliosis; Arterial dilatation in some | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1279 | ERBIN | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: ERBIN: Changed phenotypes: Combined immunodeficiency, MONDO:0015131, ERBIN-related, Recurrent respiratory infections, Susceptibility to S.aureus, Eczema, Hyperextensible joints, Scoliosis, Arterial dilatation in some | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1279 | EPHX1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: EPHX1 were changed from Lipoatrophic diabetes to Hereditary lipodystrophy, MONDO:0020087, EPHX1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1278 | EPHX1 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: EPHX1: Changed phenotypes: Hereditary lipodystrophy, MONDO:0020087, EPHX1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1278 | EPHA7 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: EPHA7 were changed from Intellectual disability to Neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO:0700092,EPHA7-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1277 | EPHA7 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: EPHA7: Changed phenotypes: Neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO:0700092,EPHA7-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1277 | EOMES | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: EOMES were changed from Microcephaly to Microcephaly, MONDO:0001149, EOMES-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1276 | EOMES | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: EOMES: Changed phenotypes: Microcephaly, MONDO:0001149, EOMES-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1276 | ENO1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ENO1 were changed from Polymicrogyria to Polymicrogyria, MONDO:0000087, ENO1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1275 | ELMOD1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ELMOD1 were changed from Intellectual disability to Neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO:0700092,ELMOD1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1274 | ELMOD1 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: ELMOD1: Changed phenotypes: Neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO:0700092,ELMOD1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1274 | EIF4ENIF1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: EIF4ENIF1 were changed from Primary ovarian insufficiency to Primary ovarian insufficiency, MONDO:0005387, EIF4ENIF1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1273 | EHBP1L1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: EHBP1L1 were changed from Non-immune hydrops fetalis to Non-immune hydrops fetalis, MONDO:0015193, EHBP1l1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1272 | EEF1D | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: EEF1D were changed from Intellectual disability to Neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO:0700092, EEF1D-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1271 | EEF1D | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: EEF1D: Changed phenotypes: Neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO:0700092, EEF1D-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1271 | DYNC1I1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: DYNC1I1 were changed from Split-hand/split-foot malformation (SHFM) to Split-hand/split-foot malformation (SHFM) MONDO:0016576, DYNC1I1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1270 | DSCR3 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: DSCR3 were changed from Intellectual disability, no OMIM # yet to Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO:0700092), DSCR3-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1269 | DSCR3 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: DSCR3: Changed phenotypes: Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO:0700092), DSCR3-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1269 | STAT6 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: STAT6 were changed from Allergic disease, MONDO:0005271, STAT6-related; early-onset multiorgan allergies to Hyper-IgE syndrome 6, autosomal dominant, with atopy and allergies, MIM# 620532 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1266 | PLS3 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: PLS3 were changed from Bone mineral density QTL18, osteoporosis - MIM#300910 to Bone mineral density QTL18, osteoporosis - MIM#300910; congenital diaphragmatic hernia MONDO:0005711, PLS3-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1264 | PLS3 | Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PLS3 was changed from X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1263 | PLS3 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: PLS3: Added comment: PMID 37751738: 8 unrelated families with affected males with an X-linked condition characterised by diaphragm defects, variable anterior body-wall anomalies, and/or facial dysmorphism. All were missense variants. A mouse knock in model of a variant identified in one of the CDH-affected families, c.1497G>C (p.Trp499Cys), shows partial perinatal lethality and recapitulates the key findings of the human phenotype, including diaphragm and abdominal-wall defects. Gain-of-function is a suggested mechanism.; Changed publications: 32655496, 25209159, 29736964, 29884797, 28777485, 24088043, 37751738; Changed phenotypes: Bone mineral density QTL18, osteoporosis - MIM#300910, congenital diaphragmatic hernia MONDO:0005711, PLS3-related; Changed mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1262 | MYCN | Elena Savva Phenotypes for gene: MYCN were changed from Feingold syndrome 1; megalencephaly; ventriculomegaly; hypoplastic corpus callosum; intellectual disability; polydactyly; neuroblastoma to Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO:0700092), MYCN-related; Feingold syndrome 1 MIM#164280 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1259 | CFAP20 | Ain Roesley Phenotypes for gene: CFAP20 were changed from Retinitis pigmentosa (MONDO:0019200) to Retinitis pigmentosa (MONDO:0019200), CFAP20-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1255 | EFCAB7 |
Melanie Marty gene: EFCAB7 was added gene: EFCAB7 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: EFCAB7 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: EFCAB7 were set to PMID: 37684519 Phenotypes for gene: EFCAB7 were set to Polydactyly (MONDO:0021003), EFCAB7-related Review for gene: EFCAB7 was set to AMBER Added comment: PMID: 37684519: two homozygous frameshift variants were identified by exome sequencing in four consanguinous Pakistani families, 3 families with p.(Gly277Valfs*5) and 1 family with p.(Asn451Phefs*2). Variants segregated with disease and het carriers were unaffected. Counting as 2 families to be conservative. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1252 | MYCN | Naomi Baker reviewed gene: MYCN: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: Other; Publications: PMID:37710961; Phenotypes: Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO:0700092), MYCN-related; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1251 | CDC23 |
Michelle Torres gene: CDC23 was added gene: CDC23 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: CDC23 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: CDC23 were set to 37768355 Phenotypes for gene: CDC23 were set to inherited oocyte maturation defect MONDO#0014769, CDC23-related Review for gene: CDC23 was set to GREEN Added comment: Two missense variants, p.(Y329C) and p.(R330C), detected in three unrelated homozygous infertile females characterised by oocyte maturation defects. In vitro studies using HeLa cells showed either decreased protein levels (Y329C) or impaired localisation (R330C). In vivo studies in mice homozygous for Y329C reproduced patient’s phenotype. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1251 | GPRASP1 |
Paul De Fazio gene: GPRASP1 was added gene: GPRASP1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: GPRASP1 was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females Publications for gene: GPRASP1 were set to 37787182 Phenotypes for gene: GPRASP1 were set to Arteriovenous hemangioma/malformation, GPRASP1-related, MONDO:0001256 Penetrance for gene: GPRASP1 were set to unknown Review for gene: GPRASP1 was set to AMBER gene: GPRASP1 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: Two hemizygous germline missense variants, p.Arg1167Trp and p.Trp553Cys, were identified in three male patients presenting with spinal AVM, Cobb syndrome, or scalp AVM. The variants were inherited from unaffected heterozygous mothers. Note that p.Arg1167Trp has hemizygous (>70) and homozygous individuals reported in gnomAD. The variants were found to result in LoF in endothelial cells. Endothelial Gprasp1 knockout mice suffered a high probability of cerebral hemorrhage, AVMs, and exhibited vascular anomalies in multiple organs. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1251 | COG3 |
Daniel Flanagan gene: COG3 was added gene: COG3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: COG3 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: COG3 were set to PMID: 37711075 Phenotypes for gene: COG3 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO#0700092), COG3-related Review for gene: COG3 was set to AMBER Added comment: Two COG3 homozygous missense variants in four individuals from two unrelated consanguineous families. Clinical phenotypes of affected individuals include global developmental delay, severe intellectual disability, microcephaly, epilepsy, facial dysmorphism, and variable neurological findings. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v1.1251 | ATP2B2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ATP2B2 were changed from Deafness, autosomal dominant 82, MIM# 619804; {Deafness, autosomal recessive 12, modifier of}, MIM# 601386 to Deafness, autosomal dominant 82, MIM# 619804; Neurodevelopmental Disorder, MONDO:0700092, ATP2B2-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1249 | MAST4 |
Ain Roesley gene: MAST4 was added gene: MAST4 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: MAST4 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: MAST4 were set to 36910266; 33057194 Phenotypes for gene: MAST4 were set to neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO:0700092, MAST4-related Penetrance for gene: MAST4 were set to Complete Review for gene: MAST4 was set to GREEN gene: MAST4 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: PMID: 36910266 - 4 families with 4 affecteds, all de novo missense 2x borderline microcephaly (-2SD) 2x gross motor delay 2x dysmorphism 4x ID + seizures 3x abnormal brain MRI findings PMID: 33057194 - 5x de novos, 4x missense + 1x PTC Cohort of individuals with severe developmental disorder individual phenotypic information not provided Recurrent variants are Thr1471Ile (3x) and Ser1181Phe) Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1247 | ZBTB47 |
Elena Savva gene: ZBTB47 was added gene: ZBTB47 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ZBTB47 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Publications for gene: ZBTB47 were set to 37743782 Phenotypes for gene: ZBTB47 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO#0700092), ZBTB47-related Review for gene: ZBTB47 was set to GREEN Added comment: PMID 37743782: - 5 patients with de novo missense, 4/5 have a recurring p.Gly477Lys. Probands have intellectual disability (5/5), seizures (5/5), hypotonia (5/5), gait abnormalities, and variable movement abnormalities (5/5). - Missense variants are positioned close to His and Cys residues involved in forming C2H2 zinc fingers. - No functional studies performed - Minimal PTCs in gnomAD Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1245 | ATP2B2 | Andrew Fennell reviewed gene: ATP2B2: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: Loss-of-function variants (as defined in pop up message) DO NOT cause this phenotype - please provide details in the comments; Publications: PMID: 37675773; Phenotypes: Neurodevelopmental Disorder, MONDO:0700092, ATP2B2-related; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1245 | ATRX | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ATRX were changed from Alpha-thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome, MIM# 301040; Intellectual disability-hypotonic facies syndrome, X-linked, MIM# 309580 to ATR-X-related syndrome MONDO:0016980 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1244 | DLG5 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: DLG5 were changed from Cystic kidneys, nephrotic syndrome, hydrocephalus, limb abnormalities, congenital heart disease and craniofacial malformations to Ciliopathy, MONDO:0016044, DLG5-related; Cystic kidneys, nephrotic syndrome, hydrocephalus, limb abnormalities, congenital heart disease and craniofacial malformations | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1243 | DHX32 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: DHX32 were changed from Intellectual disability, spastic diplegia, dystonia, brain abnormalities to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, DHX32-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1242 | DGAT2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: DGAT2 were changed from axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease to Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, MONDO:0015626, DGAT2-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1241 | DDX54 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: DDX54 were changed from Intellectual disability; congenital anomalies to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, DDX54-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1240 | DDX54 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: DDX54: Changed phenotypes: Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, DDX54-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1240 | DDX23 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: DDX23 were changed from DDX23-associated neurodevelopmental disorder to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, DDX23-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1239 | DDX23 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: DDX23: Changed phenotypes: Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, DDX23-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1239 | CSNK1G1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: CSNK1G1 were changed from Global developmental delay; Intellectual disability; Autism; Seizures to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, CSNK1G-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1238 | CSNK1G1 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: CSNK1G1: Changed phenotypes: Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, CSNK1G-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1238 | SPTAN1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: SPTAN1 were changed from Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 5, MIM# 613477; Hereditary spastic paraplegia MONDO:0019064, SPTAN1-related; hereditary motor neuropathy to Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 5, MIM# 613477; Hereditary spastic paraplegia MONDO:0019064, SPTAN1-related; Neuronopathy, distal hereditary motor, 11, autosomal dominant, MIM# 620528 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1237 | SPTAN1 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: SPTAN1: Changed phenotypes: Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 5, MIM# 613477, Hereditary spastic paraplegia MONDO:0019064, SPTAN1-related, Neuronopathy, distal hereditary motor, 11, autosomal dominant, MIM# 620528 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1237 | DAZL | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: DAZL were changed from Primary ovarian insufficiency to Primary ovarian failure, MONDO:0005387, DAZL-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1236 | DACH2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: DACH2 were changed from Primary ovarian insufficiency to Primary ovarian failure, MONDO:0005387, DACH2-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1235 | CYBRD1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: CYBRD1 were changed from Iron overload to Iron metabolism disease, MONDO:0002279, CYBRD1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1234 | CYBRD1 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: CYBRD1: Changed phenotypes: Iron metabolism disease, MONDO:0002279, CYBRD1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1234 | CTNND2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: CTNND2 were changed from Intellectual disability; Autism; Epilepsy to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, CTNND2-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1232 | CSNK1E | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: CSNK1E were changed from Epileptic encephalopathy to Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, MONDO:0100062, CSNK1E-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1231 | CSGALNACT1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: CSGALNACT1 were changed from Congenital disorders of glycosylation; skeletal dysplasia; advanced bone age to Skeletal dysplasia, mild, with joint laxity and advanced bone age, MIM# 618870 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1230 | CSDE1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: CSDE1 were changed from Autism; intellectual disability; seizures; macrocephaly to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, CSDE1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1229 | CSDE1 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: CSDE1: Changed phenotypes: Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, CSDE1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1229 | CASP4 |
Zornitza Stark gene: CASP4 was added gene: CASP4 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: CASP4 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: CASP4 were set to 37647624 Phenotypes for gene: CASP4 were set to Hereditary susceptibility to infection, MONDO:0015979, CASP4-related; Susceptibility to meliodiosis Review for gene: CASP4 was set to RED Added comment: Single patient with severe disease secondary to B. pseudomallei requiring ECMO. Adjunctive IFN-γ administration as replacement for its failed induction by IL-18 promptly led to clearance of B. pseudomallei and subsequent weaning of support. Novel homozygous missense mutation in CASP4, at exon 7 c.1030C > T. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of the patient and her parents showed reduced IFN-γ production, notably to IL-12 stimulation, and decreased IL-18 in response to LPS and increased IL-1B. Cloned cells show impacts on CASP4 activation and pyroptosis. Sources: Expert Review |
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| Mendeliome v1.1228 | IL36RN | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: IL36RN were changed from Psoriasis 14, pustular, MIM# 614204 to Psoriasis 14, pustular, MIM# 614204; Autoinflammatory syndrome, MONDO:0019751, IL36RN-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1226 | IL36RN | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: IL36RN: Added comment: Monoallelic disease: Multiple patients with systemic inflammation with monoallelic variants in IL36RN suggesting a gene dosage effect whereby GPP onset is significantly delayed in subjects with monoallelic mutations but still at high risk of systemic inflammation.; Changed publications: 21848462, 21839423, 22903787, 23648549, 25458002; Changed phenotypes: Psoriasis 14, pustular, MIM# 614204, Autoinflammatory syndrome, MONDO:0019751, IL36RN-related; Changed mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1226 | SNAPC4 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: SNAPC4 were changed from Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO#0700092), SNAPC4-related to Neurodevelopmental disorder with motor regression, progressive spastic paraplegia, and oromotor dysfunction, MIM# 620515 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1225 | PLCG1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: PLCG1 were changed from Autoinflammatory syndrome, MONDO:0019751, PLCG1-related; Immune dysregulation to Immune dysregulation, autoimmunity, and autoinflammation, MIM# 620514 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1224 | PLCG1 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: PLCG1: Changed phenotypes: Immune dysregulation, autoimmunity, and autoinflammation, MIM# 620514 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1224 | CPEB1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: CPEB1 were changed from Primary ovarian insufficiency to Primary ovarian insufficiency, MONDO:0005387, CPEB1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1223 | CPA1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: CPA1 were changed from Susceptibility to chronic pancreatitis; Hereditary pancreatitis to Hereditary pancreatitis, MONDO:0008185, CPA1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1222 | CPA1 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: CPA1: Changed phenotypes: Hereditary pancreatitis, MONDO:0008185, CPA1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1222 | CNTN6 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: CNTN6 were changed from Intellectual disability; autism; Tourette syndrome; schizophrenia to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, CNTN6-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1221 | CNTN6 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: CNTN6: Changed phenotypes: Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, CNTN6-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1221 | CNTN3 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: CNTN3 were changed from Intellectual disability to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, CNTN3-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1220 | CNTN2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: CNTN2 were changed from Epilepsy to Epilepsy, MONDO:0015653, CNTN2-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1219 | CNKSR1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: CNKSR1 were changed from Intellectual disability to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, CNKSR1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1218 | CMAS | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: CMAS were changed from Intellectual disability to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, CMAS-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1216 | NCKAP1 | Ain Roesley Phenotypes for gene: NCKAP1 were changed from Intellectual disability; autism to Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO#0700092), NCKAP1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1215 | PPP1R13L | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: PPP1R13L were changed from Multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome, MONDO:0019042 - PPP1R13L-related; Dilated cardiomyopathy, onset in infancy to Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy with or without ectodermal abnormalities, MIM#620519 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1213 | CELA3B | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: CELA3B were changed from Chronic pancreatitis to Chronic pancreatitis, MONDO:0008185, CELA3B-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1212 | CDK5R1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: CDK5R1 were changed from Intellectual disability; autism to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, CDK5R1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1211 | CDK5R1 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: CDK5R1: Changed phenotypes: Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, CDK5R1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1211 | ASTN2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ASTN2 were changed from Intellectual disability to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, ASTN2-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1209 | CBY1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: CBY1 were changed from intellectual disability; cerebellar ataxia; molar tooth sign; polydactyly; Joubert syndrome to Joubert syndrome, MONDO:0018772, CBY1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1208 | CAPZA2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: CAPZA2 were changed from intellectual disability to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, CAPZA2-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1207 | CACNB1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: CACNB1 were changed from Malignant hyperthermia susceptibility to Malignant hyperthermia susceptibility, MONDO:0800188, CACNB1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1206 | CACNB1 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: CACNB1: Changed rating: RED; Changed phenotypes: Malignant hyperthermia susceptibility, MONDO:0800188, CACNB1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1206 | C1orf194 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: C1orf194 were changed from Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, intermediate or demyelinating to Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, intermediate or demyelinating, MONDO:0015626, C1orf194-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1205 | BLOC1S1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: BLOC1S1 were changed from severe intellectual disability; severe global developmental delay; epilepsy to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, BLOC1S1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1204 | BLOC1S1 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: BLOC1S1: Changed phenotypes: Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, BLOC1S1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1204 | BET1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: BET1 were changed from Muscular dystrophy; Epilepsy to Muscular dystrophy, MONDO:0019950, BET1-related; Epilepsy | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1203 | BCL9L | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: BCL9L were changed from Heterotaxy; Congenital Heart Disease to Heterotaxy syndrome, MONDO:0018677, BCL9L-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1202 | B3GNT2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: B3GNT2 were changed from Muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy to Muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy, MONDO:0018276, B3GNT2-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1201 | B3GNT2 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: B3GNT2: Changed phenotypes: Muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy, MONDO:0018276, B3GNT2-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1201 | AXL | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: AXL were changed from Kallman syndrome; normosmic idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism to Kallman syndrome, MONDO:0018800, AXL-related; normosmic idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1200 | ATXN2L | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ATXN2L were changed from macrocephaly; intellectual disability to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, ATXN2L-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1199 | ATRIP | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ATRIP were changed from Seckel Syndrome to Seckel Syndrome, MONDO:0019342, ATRIP-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1198 | ATP2B4 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ATP2B4 were changed from Hereditary spastic paraplegia to Hereditary spastic paraplegia, MONDO:0019064, ATP2B4-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1196 | ASTN2 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: ASTN2: Changed phenotypes: Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, ASTN2-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1196 | ASTN1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ASTN1 were changed from Polymicrogyria; hypoplastic corpus callosum to Cerebral malformation, MONDO:0016054, ASTN1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1195 | ASTN1 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: ASTN1: Changed phenotypes: Cerebral malformation, MONDO:0016054, ASTN1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1195 | ARIH1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ARIH1 were changed from Thoracic aortic aneurysm to Thoracic aortic aneurysm, MONDO:0005396, ARIH1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1194 | ARHGAP29 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ARHGAP29 were changed from Cleft palate; cleft lip with or without cleft palate to Clefting disorder, MONDO:0000358, ARHGAP29-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1193 | ARHGAP29 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: ARHGAP29: Changed phenotypes: Clefting disorder, MONDO:0000358, ARHGAP29-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1193 | ARHGAP24 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ARHGAP24 were changed from FSGS to FSGS, MONDO:0005363, ARHGAP24-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1192 | ARHGAP24 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: ARHGAP24: Changed phenotypes: FSGS, MONDO:0005363, ARHGAP24-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1192 | ARFGEF3 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ARFGEF3 were changed from Dystonia to Dystonia, MONDO:0044807, ARFGEF3-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1191 | ARF3 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ARF3 were changed from Global developmental delay; Intellectual disability; Seizures; Morphological abnormality of the central nervous system to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, ARF3-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1190 | ARAP3 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ARAP3 were changed from Lymphoedema to Lymphoedema, MONDO:0019297, ARAP3-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1189 | ARAP3 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: ARAP3: Changed phenotypes: Lymphoedema, MONDO:0019297, ARAP3-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1187 | ANKZF1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ANKZF1 were changed from Infantile-onset inflammatory bowel disease to Infantile-onset inflammatory bowel disease, MONDO:0005265, ANKZF1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1186 | ANKRD31 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ANKRD31 were changed from Premature ovarian failure to Premature ovarian failure, MONDO:0019852, ANKRD31-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1185 | AMBRA1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: AMBRA1 were changed from Neural tube defects to Neural tube defects, susceptibility to, MONDO:0020705, AMBRA1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1184 | ALPI | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ALPI were changed from Inflammatory bowel disease to Inflammatory bowel disease, MONDO:0005265, ALPI-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1183 | ALPI | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: ALPI: Changed phenotypes: Inflammatory bowel disease, MONDO:0005265, ALPI-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1183 | ALG10 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ALG10 were changed from Progressive myoclonus epilepsy; CDG to Congenital disorder of glycosylation, MONDO:0015286, ALG10-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1182 | ALG10 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: ALG10: Changed phenotypes: Congenital disorder of glycosylation, MONDO:0015286, ALG10-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1182 | AKR1E2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: AKR1E2 were changed from congenital cataracts to Cataract, MONDO:0005129, AKR1E2-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1181 | AKR1E2 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: AKR1E2: Changed phenotypes: Cataract, MONDO:0005129, AKR1E2-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1181 | AKNA | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: AKNA were changed from Primary ciliary dyskinesia to Primary ciliary dyskinesia, MONDO:0016575, AKNA-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1180 | AKNA | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: AKNA: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Primary ciliary dyskinesia, MONDO:0016575, AKNA-related; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1180 | AKAP6 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: AKAP6 were changed from Intellectual disability to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, AKAP6-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1179 | AKAP6 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: AKAP6: Changed phenotypes: Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, AKAP6-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1179 | AGO3 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: AGO3 were changed from Intellectual disability to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, AGO3-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1178 | AGMO | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: AGMO were changed from microcephaly; intellectual disability; epilepsy to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, AGMO-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1177 | AGMO | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: AGMO: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, AGMO-related; Mode of inheritance: None | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1177 | ACTL6A | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ACTL6A were changed from Intellectual disability to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, ACTL6A-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1176 | ACTL6A | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: ACTL6A: Changed phenotypes: Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, ACTL6A-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1175 | ACADL | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ACADL were changed from Pulmonary surfactant dysfunction to Hereditary pulmonary alveoral proteinosis, MONDO:0012580, ACADL-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1174 | ACADL | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: ACADL: Changed phenotypes: Hereditary pulmonary alveoral proteinosis, MONDO:0012580, ACADL-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1173 | SEMA3E | Lucy Spencer reviewed gene: SEMA3E: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 15235037, 31691538, 31464029, 35628442, 32441320; Phenotypes: CHARGE syndrome MONDO:0008965, SEMA3E-related; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1170 | NR2F2 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: NR2F2: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 37500725; Phenotypes: Syndromic disease, MONDO:0002254, NR2F2-related; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1170 | DBR1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: DBR1 were changed from {Encephalitis, acute, infection (viral)-induced, susceptibility to, 11}, MIM# 619441; Viral infections of the brainstem; Ichthyosis (MONDO#0019269), DBR1-related to {Encephalitis, acute, infection (viral)-induced, susceptibility to, 11}, MIM# 619441; Viral infections of the brainstem; Xerosis and growth failure with immune and pulmonary dysfunction syndrome, MIM# 620510 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1167 | GABBR1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: GABBR1 were changed from Neurodevelopmental disorder, GABBR1-related, MONDO:0700092 to Neurodevelopmental disorder with language delay and variable cognitive abnormalities, MIM#620502 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1165 | FTCD |
Bryony Thompson changed review comment from: Well-established gene-disease association (see OMIM entry). Glutamate formiminotransferase deficiency is classified as a metabolic disorder by the NIH GARD (https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/diseases-by-category/14/metabolic-disorders), and is an inborn error of amino acid metabolism. Sources: NHS GMS; to: Glutamate formiminotransferase deficiency is classified as a benign form of folate metabolism disorder and an inborn error of amino acid metabolism without clinically significant phenotype (http://iembase.com/disorder/47). |
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| Mendeliome v1.1164 | MAP1B | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: MAP1B: Added comment: At least 3 families reported with isolated deafness and mono-allelic variants.; Changed phenotypes: Intellectual disability, seizures, PVNH, dysmorphic features, Periventricular nodular heterotopia 9, MIM# 618918, Deafness, autosomal dominant 83, MIM# 619808 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1163 | GJA4 |
Zornitza Stark gene: GJA4 was added gene: GJA4 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review somatic tags were added to gene: GJA4. Mode of inheritance for gene: GJA4 was set to Other Publications for gene: GJA4 were set to 33912852 Phenotypes for gene: GJA4 were set to Cavernous hemangioma, MONDO:0003155, GJA4-related Review for gene: GJA4 was set to GREEN Added comment: Recurrent somatic GJA4 c.121G>T (p.Gly41Cys) mutation as a driver of hepatic (n=12) and cutaneous (n=3) vascular malformations. Induced changes in cell morphology and activated serum/glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (SGK1), a serine/threonine kinase known to regulate cell proliferation and apoptosis, via non-canonical activation, in lentiviral transduction of primary human endothelial cells. Sources: Expert Review |
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| Mendeliome v1.1159 | DBR1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: DBR1 were changed from {Encephalitis, acute, infection (viral)-induced, susceptibility to, 11}, MIM# 619441; Viral infections of the brainstem to {Encephalitis, acute, infection (viral)-induced, susceptibility to, 11}, MIM# 619441; Viral infections of the brainstem; Ichthyosis (MONDO#0019269), DBR1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1158 | DBR1 |
Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: DBR1: Added comment: PMID: 37656279: - A homozygous missense as a founder recessive DBR1 variant in four consanguineous families. - Total of 7 affected children. WES done for one proband from each family. - Consistent features include prematurity, severe intrauterine growth deficiency, congenital ichthyosis-like presentation (collodion membrane, severe skin peeling and xerosis), and death before the first year of life. - RNA and protein studies using fibroblasts derived from a patient are supportive of pathogenicity: RNA-seq, rt-qPCR and western blotting, showing marked reduction of DBR1 level and intronic RNA lariat accumulation in the patient sample. - Haplotype analysis revealed that the four families all share a haplotype extending at least 2.27 Mb around the c.200A>G p.(Tyr67Cys) DBR1 founder variant. - Authors proposed this is a novel DBR1-related developmental disorder that is distinct from DBR1-related encephalitis susceptibility, and highlighted the apparent lack of correlation with the degree of DBR1 deficiency.; Changed publications: 29474921, 37656279; Changed phenotypes: {Encephalitis, acute, infection (viral)-induced, susceptibility to, 11}, MIM# 619441, Viral infections of the brainstem, Ichthyosis (MONDO#0019269), DBR1-related |
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| Mendeliome v1.1158 | APOO | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: APOO were changed from Developmental delay; Lactic acidosis; Muscle weakness; Hypotonia; Repetitive infections; Cognitive impairment; Autistic behaviour to Mitochondrial disease, MONDO:0044970, APOO-related; Developmental delay; Lactic acidosis; Muscle weakness; Hypotonia; Repetitive infections; Cognitive impairment; Autistic behaviour | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1156 | APOO |
Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: APOO: Added comment: PMID: 37649161 1 family, 2 individuals (male & female) with same NMD variant c.532G>T (p.E178*), maternally inherited (mother unaffected). Both died before 18 months of age with partial agenesis of the corpus callosum, bilateral congenital cataract, hypothyroidism, and severe immune deficiencies. Other phenotypes included partial syndactyly of the 2nd and 3rd toes, wrinkled palm, and sole skin. Functional studies included site directed mutagenesis. This mutation resulted in a highly unstable and degradation prone MIC26 protein, yet the remaining minute amounts of mutant MIC26 correctly localized to mitochondria and interacted physically with other MICOS subunits. MIC26 KO cells expressing MIC26 harboring the respective APOO/MIC26 mutation showed mitochondria with perturbed cristae architecture and fragmented morphology resembling MIC26 KO cells.; Changed publications: 37649161; Changed phenotypes: Mitochondrial disease, MONDO:0044970, APOO-related, Developmental delay, Lactic acidosis, Muscle weakness, Hypotonia, Repetitive infections, Cognitive impairment, Autistic behaviour |
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| Mendeliome v1.1156 | DBR1 | Chern Lim reviewed gene: DBR1: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 37656279; Phenotypes: Ichthyosis (MONDO#0019269), DBR1-related; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1156 | CAP2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: CAP2 were changed from Dilated cardiomyopathy to Cardiomyopathy, dilated, 2I (MIM#620462) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1155 | COL4A3BP |
Ee Ming Wong changed review comment from: - Thirty-one unrelated individuals with twenty-two distinct missense variants. The majority of variants were de novo. - Several variants transfected into HeLa cells demonstrated gain of CERT activity - CERT gain of function in Drosophila melanogaster led to head and brain size defects and impaired locomotor activity, which was corrected by pharmacological inhibition of CERT; to: - current HGNC symbol: CERT1 - Thirty-one unrelated individuals with twenty-two distinct missense variants. The majority of variants were de novo. - Several variants transfected into HeLa cells demonstrated gain of CERT activity - CERT gain of function in Drosophila melanogaster led to head and brain size defects and impaired locomotor activity, which was corrected by pharmacological inhibition of CERT |
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| Mendeliome v1.1153 | CAP2 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: CAP2: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 30518548, 33083013, 34862840; Phenotypes: Cardiomyopathy, dilated, 2I (MIM#620462); Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1152 | RAB5C |
Rylee Peters gene: RAB5C was added gene: RAB5C was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: RAB5C was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: RAB5C were set to PMID: 37552066 Phenotypes for gene: RAB5C were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO:0700092, RAB5C-related Penetrance for gene: RAB5C were set to Complete Review for gene: RAB5C was set to GREEN gene: RAB5C was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: 12 individuals with nine different heterozygous de novo variants in RAB5C. 9 with missense, 1 inframe duplication and 2 stop-gains (clinically more severe). All has mild-severe ID, 4/12 have epilepsy, 6/12 have macrocephaly (more than 3 SD). Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1152 | AXIN1 | Elena Savva Phenotypes for gene: AXIN1 were changed from Caudal duplication anomaly, MIM# 607864 to Caudal duplication anomaly, MIM# 607864; Syndromic disease, (MONDO:0002254), AXIN1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1149 | PPP1R3F |
Andrew Fennell changed review comment from: Sources: Literature; to: 13 unrelated hemizygous individuals reported with functional evidence Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1148 | PPP1R3F |
Andrew Fennell gene: PPP1R3F was added gene: PPP1R3F was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: PPP1R3F was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females Publications for gene: PPP1R3F were set to 37531237 Phenotypes for gene: PPP1R3F were set to Neurodevelopmental Disorder, MONDO:0700092,PPP1R3F-related Review for gene: PPP1R3F was set to GREEN Added comment: Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1140 | RAP1B | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: RAP1B were changed from RAP1B‐associated syndrome; intellectual disability; microcephaly; thrombocytopaenia to Syndromic disease, MONDO:0002254, RAP1B-related; intellectual disability; microcephaly; thrombocytopaenia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1133 | CRELD1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: CRELD1 were changed from Atrioventricular septal defect, partial, with heterotaxy syndrome, MIM# 606217 to Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, MONDO:0100062, CRELD1-related; Atrioventricular septal defect, partial, with heterotaxy syndrome, MIM# 606217 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1130 | CRELD1 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: CRELD1: Added comment: Emerging association between bi-alleic variants in CRELD1 and DEE.; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed phenotypes: Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, MONDO:0100062, CRELD1-related, Atrioventricular septal defect, partial, with heterotaxy syndrome, MIM# 606217; Changed mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1130 | UBAP2L | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: UBAP2L were changed from Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, UBAP2L-related to Neurodevelopmental disorder with impaired language, behavioral abnormalities, and dysmorphic facies, MIM# 620494 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1128 | SRSF1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: SRSF1 were changed from Neurodevelopmental disorder, SRSF1-related MONDO:0700092 to Neurodevelopmental disorder with dysmorphic facies and behavioral abnormalities, MIM# 620489 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1127 | TPM4 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: TPM4 were changed from Macrothrombocytopaenia to Bleeding disorder, platelet-type, 25, MIM# 620486 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1126 | TPM4 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: TPM4: Changed phenotypes: Bleeding disorder, platelet-type, 25, MIM# 620486 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1125 | NEUROG1 |
Achchuthan Shanmugasundram gene: NEUROG1 was added gene: NEUROG1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: NEUROG1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: NEUROG1 were set to 23419067; 26077850; 33439489; 36647078 Phenotypes for gene: NEUROG1 were set to Cranial dysinnervation disorder, congenital, with absent corneal reflex and developmental delay, OMIM:620469 Review for gene: NEUROG1 was set to GREEN Added comment: There are four unrelated cases reported with global developmental delay/ intellectual disability. Hence, this gene can be added with green rating in the intellectual disability panel. PMID:23419067 - A homozygous micro deletion of NEUROG1 was identified in a six year-old boy presenting with profound sensorineural deafness, balance disorder, severe disorder of oral motor function, and mild global developmental delay. His IQ was normal. PMID:26077850 - A homozygous NEUROG1 variant (p.Arg116Leu) was identified in a 12 year-old boy presented with syndromic corneal opacity, mild intellectual disability and absent corneal reflex. PMID:33439489 - A homozygous loss-of-function variant (p.Glu68Ter) was identified in a 12 year-old boy presenting with hypotonia, global developmental delay, sensorineural hearing loss, and keratoconjunctivitis due to lack of corneal reflex. This patient had a global IQ of 62 at the age of ten. PMID:36647078 - A female proband was identified with a novel homozygous truncating frameshift variant (p.Thr78ProfsTer122 and was reported with profound global developmental delay, autism spectrum disorder, hearing loss, corneal opacity and no eye blinking. Her sister also had a similar, but less severe phenotype and also harboured the same variant at homozygous state. This gene has been associated with relevant phenotypes in OMIM (MIM #620469), but not in Gene2Phenotype. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1119 | THPO | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: THPO: Added comment: Thrombocytopenia: 5 unrelated families reported.; Changed publications: 9425899, 10583217, 32150607, 28466964; Changed phenotypes: Thrombocythemia 1, MIM# 187950, Thrombocytopenia 9, MIM# 620478 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1119 | ACTB | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ACTB were changed from Baraitser-Winter syndrome 1 243310; ACTB-related neurodevelopment disorder to Baraitser-Winter syndrome 1 243310; Thrombocytopenia 8, with dysmorphic features and developmental delay, MIM# 620475; ACTB-related neurodevelopment disorder | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1117 | APOL1 |
Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: APOL1: Added comment: Assigned Definitive gene-disease validity by the ClinGen Glomerulopathy GCEP - Classification - 09/28/2021 Increased risk of kidney and glomerular diseases in persons carrying two of the risk alleles in this gene: G1/G1, G2/G2 and compound heterozygous G1/G2. PMID: 20647424 - first study to identify G1 & G2 alleles associated with risk of renal disease. Comparing participants with zero or 1 risk allele of APOL1 to participants with 2 risk alleles provided an odds ratio for FSGS of 10.5 (CI, 6.0-18.4). This analysis supported a completely recessive pattern of inheritance. PMID: 25993319 - only G1 and G2 confer renal risk, and other common and rare APOL1 missense variants, including the archaic G3 haplotype, do not contribute to sporadic FSGS and HIVAN rs73885319 (G1) OR 9.66, p=9.97E-25 rs60910145 (G1) OR 9.75, p=9.04E-24 rs71785313 (G2) OR 5.69, p=3.39E-06 2 APOL1 risk alleles OR 18.31, p=3.31E-58 PMID: 34350953 - recessive gain-of-function toxicity mouse model recapitulates human kidney disease G1: p.Ser342Gly, AFR/AA gnomAD v2.1 AF 0.2276 (5,671/24,920 alleles, 687 homozygotes) p.Ile384Met, AFR/AA gnomAD v2.1 AF 0.2278 (5,487/24,082 alleles, 662 homozygotes) G2: p.Asn388_Tyr389del, AFR/AA gnomAD v2.1 AF 0.1402(3,402/24,268 alleles, 224 homozygotes AMBER status due to these being susceptibility alleles, and evidence being limited to these specific variants.; Changed rating: AMBER |
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| Mendeliome v1.1117 | GOSR2 |
Achchuthan Shanmugasundram changed review comment from: Four children from two sibships from an extended consanguineous Palestinian family were reported with congenital profound hearing loss, whereas the parents of both sibships are first cousins with normal hearing. The families reported occasional febrile seizures in infancy for each of the deaf children, but these did not persist into adolescence. These affected children were identified with autosomal recessive GOSR2 variant, c.1A > C, p.Met1Leu. This variant appeared once in the gnomAD database, as a heterozygote, and not in any of ~2000 in-house controls of Palestinian ancestry. All previously reported cases with biallelic GOSR2 variants had normal hearing and hence the differences in translation efficiency due to the effect of this variant may be responsible for this hearing loss phenotype (PMID:37074134).; to: This gene should be added in 'Deafness_IsolatedAndComplex' panel with red rating. Four children from two sibships from an extended consanguineous Palestinian family were reported with congenital profound hearing loss, whereas the parents of both sibships are first cousins with normal hearing. The families reported occasional febrile seizures in infancy for each of the deaf children, but these did not persist into adolescence. These affected children were identified with autosomal recessive GOSR2 variant, c.1A > C, p.Met1Leu. This variant appeared once in the gnomAD database, as a heterozygote, and not in any of ~2000 in-house controls of Palestinian ancestry. All previously reported cases with biallelic GOSR2 variants had normal hearing and hence the differences in translation efficiency due to the effect of this variant may be responsible for this hearing loss phenotype (PMID:37074134). |
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| Mendeliome v1.1116 | DDRGK1 |
Ain Roesley gene: DDRGK1 was added gene: DDRGK1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature founder tags were added to gene: DDRGK1. Mode of inheritance for gene: DDRGK1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: DDRGK1 were set to 28263186; 35377455; 35670300; 36243336 Phenotypes for gene: DDRGK1 were set to Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia, Shohat type (MIM#602557) Review for gene: DDRGK1 was set to GREEN gene: DDRGK1 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: RNA and protein studies performed for the splice variant. These two variants likely represents founder variants PMID:28263186 reported six individuals from three different families of Iraqi Jewish descent (three patients from family 1 and one individual each from families 2-4) identified with homozygous c.408+1G>A donor splice site loss-of-function mutation in DDRGK1 and presented with Shohat-type spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia (SEMD). It is a skeletal dysplasia that affects cartilage development. PMID: 35670300 reported two unrelated cases of Moroccan descent identified with homozygous missense variant c.406G>A and presented with SEMD. PMID:36243336 reported an Omani female patient identified with the same homozygous variant as the Iraqi cases and was reported with SEMD. In addition, studies on both zebrafish and mouse models confirms the physiological role of DDRGK1 in the development and maintenance of the growth plate cartilage and deficiency of DDRGK1 recapitulate the clinical phenotype of short stature and joint abnormalities observed in patients with Shohat type SEMD (PMID:28263186; PMID:35377455). Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1115 | FBXO31 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: FBXO31 were changed from Mental retardation, autosomal recessive 45, MIM#615979; Cerebral palsy, MONDO:0006497, FBXO31-related; Spastic-dystonic cerebral palsy, intellectual disability, de novo dominant to Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 45 (MIM#615979; Cerebral palsy, MONDO:0006497, FBXO31-related; Spastic-dystonic cerebral palsy, intellectual disability, de novo dominant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1114 | FBXO31 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: FBXO31 were changed from Mental retardation, autosomal recessive 45, MIM#615979; Spastic-dystonic cerebral palsy, intellectual disability, de novo dominant to Mental retardation, autosomal recessive 45, MIM#615979; Cerebral palsy, MONDO:0006497, FBXO31-related; Spastic-dystonic cerebral palsy, intellectual disability, de novo dominant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1111 | ZFHX4 | Ain Roesley Phenotypes for gene: ZFHX4 were changed from Developmental disorders to neurodevelopmental disorder, ZFHX4-related (MONDO:0700092) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1110 | RNH1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: RNH1 were changed from Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, RNH1-related; encephalopathy, acute, infection-induced (MONDO:0000166), RNH1-related to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, RNH1-related; {Encephalopathy, acute, infection-induced, susceptibiliyt to, 12}, MIM# 620461 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1108 | HNRNPC |
Zornitza Stark gene: HNRNPC was added gene: HNRNPC was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: HNRNPC was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: HNRNPC were set to 37541189 Phenotypes for gene: HNRNPC were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO:0700092), HNRNPC-related Review for gene: HNRNPC was set to GREEN Added comment: 13 individuals with global developmental delay, intellectual disability, behavioral abnormalities, and subtle facial dysmorphology with heterozygous HNRNPC germline variants. Five had an identical in-frame deletion of nine amino acids in the extreme C terminus. Supportive functional data; haploinsufficiency is the mechanism. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1107 | PSMC3 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: PSMC3 were changed from Deafness, cataract, impaired intellectual development, and polyneuropathy, MIM#619354 to neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, PSMC3-related; Deafness, cataract, impaired intellectual development, and polyneuropathy, MIM#619354 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1103 | PSMC3 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: PSMC3: Added comment: PMID:37256937 - 23 individuals with neurodevelopmental disorder was identified with 15 different de novo missense variants. Apart from one child (patient 2), all others had developmental delay characterised by speech delay (19/19) alone or with intellectual disability (16/18) and motor delay (15/19). In addition, structural modeling as well as proteomic and transcriptomic analyses of T cells derived from patients with PSMC3 variants implicated the PSMC3 variants in proteasome dysfunction through disruption of substrate translocation, induction of proteotoxic stress, and alterations in proteins controlling developmental and innate immune program.; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed publications: 32500975, 37256937; Changed phenotypes: neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, PSMC3-related, Deafness, cataract, impaired intellectual development, and polyneuropathy, MIM#619354; Changed mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1099 | DPP9 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: DPP9 were changed from Autoinflammatory syndrome MONDO:0019751, DPP9-related; recurrent fevers; repeated infections; herpes susceptibility; cytopenias to Hatipoglu immunodeficiency syndrome MIM#620331; Autoinflammatory syndrome MONDO:0019751, DPP9-related; recurrent fevers; repeated infections; herpes susceptibility; cytopenias | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1098 | DPP9 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: DPP9 were changed from Autoinflammatory syndrome MONDO:0019751, DPP9-related; recurrent fevers; repeated infections; herpes susceptibility; cytopenias to Autoinflammatory syndrome MONDO:0019751, DPP9-related; recurrent fevers; repeated infections; herpes susceptibility; cytopenias | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1095 | PDGFD |
Zornitza Stark gene: PDGFD was added gene: PDGFD was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: PDGFD was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: PDGFD were set to 33187088; 33971972 Phenotypes for gene: PDGFD were set to Pulmonary arterial hypertension MONDO:0015924, PDGFD-related Review for gene: PDGFD was set to RED Added comment: Rated as LIMITED by ClinGen. 10 unique variants (all missense) that have been reported in 10 probands in 2 publications (PMIDs: 33187088, 33971972) are included in this curation. 9 of these variants were observed in a cohort of 1647 idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) patients of European Ancestry as part of a case-control study. Variant aggregation analysis revealed a significant burden (p=0.0000172) of likely gene damaging PDGFD variants in the IPAH cohort as compared to a group of 18,819 European controls (PMID:33971972). Gelinas et al. also reported a missense PDGFD variant in a proband with IPAH (PMID:33187088). There is currently no functional evidence demonstrating a damaging effect of any of the reported PDGFD variants in humans. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v1.1094 | KLF2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: KLF2 were changed from Pulmonary arterial hypertension to Pulmonary arterial hypertension MONDO:0015924, KLF2-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1093 | KLF2 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: KLF2: Changed phenotypes: Pulmonary arterial hypertension MONDO:0015924, KLF2-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1093 | FBLN2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: FBLN2 was added gene: FBLN2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: FBLN2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: FBLN2 were set to 33971972 Phenotypes for gene: FBLN2 were set to Pulmonary arterial hypertension MONDO:0015924, FBLN2-related Review for gene: FBLN2 was set to RED Added comment: LIMITED by ClinGen. Out of a cohort of 1647 idiopathic PAH cases, 3 rare predicted deleterious missense variants were identified in 6 unrelated individuals with one variant recurrent in four individuals. Gene-disease association also supported by tissue expression data. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v1.1092 | AQP1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: AQP1 were changed from Pulmonary arterial hypertension to Pulmonary arterial hypertension MONDO:0015924, AQP1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1089 | AQP1 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: AQP1: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 37007933, 35627312; Phenotypes: Pulmonary arterial hypertension MONDO:0015924, AQP1-related; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1089 | TET2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: TET2 were changed from Dementia; Lymphoma/myeloid malignancy; Immunodeficiency-75 (IMD75), MIM#619126 to Dementia; Lymphoma/myeloid malignancy; Immunodeficiency-75 (IMD75), MIM#619126; Pulmonary arterial hypertension MONDO:0015924, TET2-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1087 | TET2 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Association with PAH: MODERATE by ClinGen. TET2 was first reported in relation to autosomal dominant pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in 2020 (Potus et al., PMID: 32192357). Out of a cohort of 2572 cases from the PAH biobank, 6 rare predicted deleterious likely germline variants including missense, nonsense, and frameshift variants were identified in 6 unrelated individuals. The relationship between TET2 and PAH is also supported by experimental evidence including tissue expression in controls and patients, biochemical function as a negative regulator of a proinflammatory response, and knock out TET2 mice exhibiting a PH phenotype.; to: Association with PAH: MODERATE by ClinGen/Amber rating here. TET2 was first reported in relation to autosomal dominant pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in 2020 (Potus et al., PMID: 32192357). Out of a cohort of 2572 cases from the PAH biobank, 6 rare predicted deleterious likely germline variants including missense, nonsense, and frameshift variants were identified in 6 unrelated individuals. The relationship between TET2 and PAH is also supported by experimental evidence including tissue expression in controls and patients, biochemical function as a negative regulator of a proinflammatory response, and knock out TET2 mice exhibiting a PH phenotype. |
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| Mendeliome v1.1087 | TET2 |
Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: TET2: Added comment: Association with PAH: MODERATE by ClinGen. TET2 was first reported in relation to autosomal dominant pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in 2020 (Potus et al., PMID: 32192357). Out of a cohort of 2572 cases from the PAH biobank, 6 rare predicted deleterious likely germline variants including missense, nonsense, and frameshift variants were identified in 6 unrelated individuals. The relationship between TET2 and PAH is also supported by experimental evidence including tissue expression in controls and patients, biochemical function as a negative regulator of a proinflammatory response, and knock out TET2 mice exhibiting a PH phenotype.; Changed publications: 30890702, 31827242, 32330418, 32518946, 32192357; Changed phenotypes: Dementia, Lymphoma/myeloid malignancy, Immunodeficiency-75 (IMD75), MIM#619126, Pulmonary arterial hypertension MONDO:0015924, TET2-related |
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| Mendeliome v1.1086 | AGAP1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: AGAP1 were changed from Cerebral palsy to Cerebral palsy, MONDO:0006497, AGAP1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1085 | AGAP1 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: AGAP1: Changed phenotypes: Cerebral palsy, MONDO:0006497, AGAP1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1080 | SMARCA4 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: SMARCA4 were changed from Coffin-Siris syndrome 4, MIM# 614609 to Coffin-Siris syndrome 4, MIM# 614609; Otosclerosis MONDO:0005349, SMARCA4-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1074 | EZH1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: EZH1 was added gene: EZH1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: EZH1 was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: EZH1 were set to 37433783 Phenotypes for gene: EZH1 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO:0700092), EZH1-related Review for gene: EZH1 was set to GREEN Added comment: PMID: 37433783 Variants were identified 19 individuals from 14 unrelated families, all sharing a clinical phenotype of a neurodevelopmental disorder manifested early in life as global motor, speech and cognitive delay leading to intellectual disability, usually non-progressive and co-occurring with dysmorphic facial features. Functional studies have shown that some missense EZH1 variants lead to GOF with increased methyltransferase activity and recessive variants impair EZH1 expression causing loss of function effects. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1071 | PHF5A |
Daniel Flanagan gene: PHF5A was added gene: PHF5A was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: PHF5A was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: PHF5A were set to PMID: 37422718 Phenotypes for gene: PHF5A were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO#0700092), PHF5A-related Review for gene: PHF5A was set to GREEN Added comment: Nine subjects with congenital malformations, including hypospadias, growth abnormalities, and developmental delay who had de novo PHF5A variants. Prenatally, six subjects had intrauterine growth retardation. All subjects had motor and speech delay and developmental delay. Congenital abnormalities comprised hypospadias in three of four male subjects, and heart defects (3/9), inguinal hernia (3/9), and sacral dimple (3/9). Six of the nine subjects had short stature. Craniofacial dysmorphism is variable in the nine subjects, high forehead and preauricular skin tag(s) in five subjects. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v1.1071 | GPRC5B |
Lucy Spencer gene: GPRC5B was added gene: GPRC5B was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: GPRC5B was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: GPRC5B were set to 37143309 Phenotypes for gene: GPRC5B were set to Megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts 3 620447 Review for gene: GPRC5B was set to GREEN Added comment: PMID: 37143309 Cohort of 5 patients with an MRI based diagnosis of megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts (MLC). 3 unrelated patients had variants in GPRC5B, 2 have the same inframe dup Ile175dup and the third has an in frame dup of Ala177. All 3 were de novo and unaffected siblings did not have the variants. All patients have macrocephaly, delayed motor development, seizures, all had varying degrees of cognitive deficits. 2 also had spasticity, ataxia and dystonia. MRI showed MLC, abnormal and swollen cerebral white matter. Patient cell lines showed reduced regulatory volume decrease, and western blot showed a strong increase in GRPC5B levels in patient lymphoblasts. Together, these findings indicate disturbed volume regulation in lymphoblasts from patients with GPRC5B variants, potentially due to increased GPRC5B levels. Transfected cells caused increased volume-regulated anion channel activity. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1068 | MAMDC2 |
Belinda Chong gene: MAMDC2 was added gene: MAMDC2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: MAMDC2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: MAMDC2 were set to 37503746 Phenotypes for gene: MAMDC2 were set to Muscular Dystrophy MONDO:0020121, MAMDC2-related Review for gene: MAMDC2 was set to AMBER Added comment: 17 individuals with an autosomal dominant muscular dystrophy belonging to two unrelated families in which different heterozygous truncating variants in the last exon of MAMDC2 co-segregate correctly with the disease. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1067 | NAA30 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: NAA30 were changed from to neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, NAA30-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1064 | COX18 |
Naomi Baker gene: COX18 was added gene: COX18 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: COX18 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: COX18 were set to PMID:37468577 Phenotypes for gene: COX18 were set to Mitochondrial disease (MONDO:0044970), COX18-related Review for gene: COX18 was set to RED Added comment: Paper reports a single patient with a homozygous COX18 missense variant, with a neonatal form of mitochondrial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, lactic acidosis, failure to thrive and neurological involvement associated with severe skeletal muscle COX deficiency. Functional studies demonstrated COX deficiency which could be partially rescued with over-expression of COX18. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1064 | TUFM | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: TUFM: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 37461298; Phenotypes: Inherited primary ovarian failure MONDO:0019852, TUFM-related; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1064 | STAB1 |
Chern Lim gene: STAB1 was added gene: STAB1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: STAB1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: STAB1 were set to 37490907; 28052375 Phenotypes for gene: STAB1 were set to Iron metabolism disease (MONDO:0002279), STAB1-related Review for gene: STAB1 was set to GREEN gene: STAB1 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: PMID: 37490907 - Biallelic variants identified in 10 individuals from 7 families with unexplained hyperferritinaemia without iron overload. All of them were in good health and had no dysmorphologies, psycho-motor development abnormalities, hearing or vision disorders, or other pathologies. - Homozygous/compound heterozygous variants: missense, frameshift, stopgain, inframe del of 3 AAs, one synonymous. - Samples from three of the patients from two families showed no immunoreactivity with anti-stabilin-1 compared to control liver where high signal was detected in the liver sinusoids (immunohistochemistry analysis). - Patients’ peripheral monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages showed very little expression of stabilin-1 on CD14+ monocytes and macrophages compared to control subjects (flow cytometry analysis). - These families have also been published in PMID: 28052375. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1063 | PTPA |
Ee Ming Wong changed review comment from: - Six individuals with later-onset Parkinson disease with no atypical features eg intellectual disability or early cognitive dysfunction - All were heterozygous for missense variants, a second hit not identified: authors suggests these are monoallelic cases - Three of the 5 missense variants have multiple heterozygotes in gnomAD, two of the missense variants have homozygotes in gnomAD, including one with 7 homozygotes.; to: - Six individuals with later-onset Parkinson disease with no atypical features eg intellectual disability or early cognitive dysfunction - All were heterozygous for missense variants, a second hit not identified: authors suggests these are monoallelic cases - Three of the 5 missense variants have multiple heterozygotes in gnomAD, two of the missense variants have homozygotes in gnomAD, including one with 7 homozygotes. |
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| Mendeliome v1.1063 | PTPA | Ee Ming Wong reviewed gene: PTPA: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID: 37448355; Phenotypes: Intellectual disability, MONDO: 36073231, PTPA-related, Parkisonism; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1062 | NAA30 | Sarah Pantaleo edited their review of gene: NAA30: Changed phenotypes: neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, NAA30-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1062 | SMARCA4 | Paul De Fazio reviewed gene: SMARCA4: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 37399313; Phenotypes: Otosclerosis MONDO:0005349, SMARCA4-related; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1062 | NAA30 |
Sarah Pantaleo gene: NAA30 was added gene: NAA30 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: NAA30 was set to Unknown Publications for gene: NAA30 were set to PMID: 37387332 Penetrance for gene: NAA30 were set to unknown Added comment: Report a de novo heterozygous NAA30 nonsense variant c.244C>T, p.(Gln82*) in a 5yo boy with GDD, ASD, hypotonia, seizures, tracheal cleft and recurrent respiratory infections. Seizures resolved after two weeks of life. Family history of ASD in older sister. Epilepsy in mother, childhood onset. Biochemical studies performed to assess the functional impact of the premature stop codon on catalytic activity. The variant was found to completely disrupt N-terminal acetyltransferase activity using an in vitro acetylation assay. Variant de novo, “in a gene sensitive to loss of heterozygosity”. Limitation of study - have not established whether this gene variant acts in a dominant or recessive manner. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1062 | STAT4 | Melanie Marty changed review comment from: Baghdassarian et al (2023) Four patients from three unrelated families with disabling pansclerotic morphea (DPM, a rare inflammatory disorder), 3 x het missense variants identified, AD inheritance. All 4 patients had disease onset before 5 years of age, with signs of mucosal ulcerations and skin sclerosis. All variants occur in the SH2 domain. Functional studies showed a gain of function effect for these variants.; to: Baghdassarian et al (2023) Four patients from three unrelated families with disabling pansclerotic morphea (DPM, a rare inflammatory disorder), 3 x het missense variants identified, AD inheritance. All 4 patients had disease onset before 5 years of age, with signs of mucosal ulcerations and skin sclerosis. These variants occur in the SH2 domain. Functional studies showed a gain of function effect for these variants. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1062 | STAT4 | Melanie Marty commented on gene: STAT4: Baghdassarian et al (2023) Four patients from three unrelated families with disabling pansclerotic morphea (DPM, a rare inflammatory disorder), 3 x het missense variants identified, AD inheritance. All 4 patients had disease onset before 5 years of age, with signs of mucosal ulcerations and skin sclerosis. All variants occur in the SH2 domain. Functional studies showed a gain of function effect for these variants. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1060 | SENP7 |
Elena Savva gene: SENP7 was added gene: SENP7 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SENP7 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SENP7 were set to PMID: 37460201 Phenotypes for gene: SENP7 were set to Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, MONDO:0015168, SENP7-related Review for gene: SENP7 was set to AMBER Added comment: PMID: 37460201 - 1 family (4 affecteds, sibling pair and 1st cousin) with fatal arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, early respiratory failure and neutropenia. Fetus could not be tested, so 3 confirmed genetically. - Homozygous for a PTC, decreased mRNA from one sample supports an NMD outcome. - Additional studies performed supporting downstream proteins expression being affected - Neutropenia observed in 2/3 patients Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1057 | SLC4A10 |
Krithika Murali gene: SLC4A10 was added gene: SLC4A10 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC4A10 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SLC4A10 were set to PMID: 37459438 Phenotypes for gene: SLC4A10 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorderMONDO:0700092, SLC4A10-related Review for gene: SLC4A10 was set to GREEN Added comment: PMID: 37459438 Fasham et al 2023 (Brain) report 10 affected individuals from 5 unrelated families with biallelic LoF variants in this gene with a novel neurodevelopmental disorder. Phenotypic features include hypotonia in infancy, delayed psychomotor development, typically severe ID, progressive postnatal microcephaly, ASD traits, corpus callosal abnormalities and 'slit-like' lateral ventricles. These phenotypic features were recapitulated in knockout mice with additional supportive functional studies. Isolated seizures was reported in 2/10 cases. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1054 | SHQ1 |
Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: SHQ1: Added comment: Additional individual with isolated, early-onset dystonia reported. It is likely these clinical presentations are part of a spectrum.; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed publications: 34542157, 29178645, 36847845, 37475611 |
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| Mendeliome v1.1054 | STX5 |
Ain Roesley gene: STX5 was added gene: STX5 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: STX5 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: STX5 were set to congenital disorder of glycosylation MONDO#0015286, STX5-related Review for gene: STX5 was set to AMBER gene: STX5 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: 1x family with 3x deceased shortly after death + 3x spontaneous abortions + 2x abortions due to abnormal fatal ultrasound (US). Hom for NM_003164.4:c.163 A > G p.(Met55Val), which results in complete loss of short isoform (which uses Met55 as the start) phenotype: short long bones on US, dysmorphism, skeletal dysplasia, profound hypotonia, hepatomegaly elevated cholesterol. Post-natally they died of progressive liver failure with cholestasis and hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemias Primary human dermal fibroblasts isolated from these patients show defective glycosylation, altered Golgi morphology as measured by electron microscopy, mislocalization of glycosyltransferases, and compromised ER-Golgi trafficking Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1052 | TEP1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: TEP1 was added gene: TEP1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: TEP1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: TEP1 were set to 34543729 Phenotypes for gene: TEP1 were set to Cerebral palsy, MONDO:0006497, TEP1-related Review for gene: TEP1 was set to AMBER Added comment: Wang et al. screened a large cohort of more than 600 CP patients from China and found several variants in TEP1, 11 of which were LoF, while no LoF variant was found in the control cohort. These children all had spastic CP. Among these 11 children, 6 children had birth asphyxia and neonatal encephalopathy. Compared to the total group with birth asphyxia (71/667), 6 patients with TEP1 LOF mutations had a significantly greater risk of birth asphyxia. They confirmed TEP1 as a risk factor for CP by cytological and animal models. Uncertain if these are risk alleles vs indicative of a monogenic disorder. Note LoF variants in gnomad. As this was a cohort study, inheritance of these variants is unknown. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1050 | EIF4A2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: EIF4A2 were changed from Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO:0700092), EIF4A2-related to Neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia and speech delay, with or without seizures, MIM# 620455 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1048 | TMEM63B | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: TMEM63B were changed from developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, MONDO:0100062 to developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, MONDO:0100062, TMEM63B-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1046 | DHX9 | Zornitza Stark Added comment: Comment when marking as ready: LoF variants caused mild NDD phenotypes and nuclear localization signal (NLS) missense variants caused severe NDD. CMT2-associated missense variants caused aberrant nucleolar DHX9 accumulation, a phenomenon previously associated with cellular stress. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1045 | TMEM63B |
Achchuthan Shanmugasundram changed review comment from: There is sufficient evidence for this gene to be included with green rating in intellectual disability and epilepsy panels. 17 unrelated individuals with severe early-onset developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE), intellectual disability, and severe motor and cortical visual impairment were identified with ten distinct heterozygous variants inTMEM63B. The variants occurred de novo in 16/17 individuals for whom parental DNA was available and either missense or in-frame. All individuals had global developmental delay, with moderate-to-profound intellectual disability and severe motor impairment. All individuals had early-onset drug-resistant epilepsy, whose onset ranged from birth to 3 years but occurred within the first year in 14/17 (82%) and in the first month of life in 6/17 (35%). Sources: Literature; to: There is sufficient evidence for this gene to be included with green rating in 'Intellectual disability syndromic and non-syndromic' and 'Genetic epilepsy' panels. 17 unrelated individuals with severe early-onset developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE), intellectual disability, and severe motor and cortical visual impairment were identified with ten distinct heterozygous variants inTMEM63B. The variants occurred de novo in 16/17 individuals for whom parental DNA was available and either missense or in-frame. All individuals had global developmental delay, with moderate-to-profound intellectual disability and severe motor impairment. All individuals had early-onset drug-resistant epilepsy, whose onset ranged from birth to 3 years but occurred within the first year in 14/17 (82%) and in the first month of life in 6/17 (35%). Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1045 | TMEM63B |
Achchuthan Shanmugasundram gene: TMEM63B was added gene: TMEM63B was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: TMEM63B was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: TMEM63B were set to 37421948 Phenotypes for gene: TMEM63B were set to developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, MONDO:0100062 Review for gene: TMEM63B was set to GREEN Added comment: There is sufficient evidence for this gene to be included with green rating in intellectual disability and epilepsy panels. 17 unrelated individuals with severe early-onset developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE), intellectual disability, and severe motor and cortical visual impairment were identified with ten distinct heterozygous variants inTMEM63B. The variants occurred de novo in 16/17 individuals for whom parental DNA was available and either missense or in-frame. All individuals had global developmental delay, with moderate-to-profound intellectual disability and severe motor impairment. All individuals had early-onset drug-resistant epilepsy, whose onset ranged from birth to 3 years but occurred within the first year in 14/17 (82%) and in the first month of life in 6/17 (35%). Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1045 | DHX9 |
Achchuthan Shanmugasundram gene: DHX9 was added gene: DHX9 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: DHX9 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: DHX9 were set to 37467750 Phenotypes for gene: DHX9 were set to neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092; intellectual disability, MONDO:0001071; Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, MONDO:0015626 Review for gene: DHX9 was set to GREEN Added comment: PMID:37467750 - 17 unrelated individuals were identified with de novo, ultra-rare, heterozygous missense or loss-of-function DHX9 variants, of which 14 individuals were reported with a neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) and three were reported with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT). All 14 cases with NDD had developmental delay, of which eight were reported with intellectual disability (4 severe, 1 moderate, 3 mild). Two cases did not have ID, one had borderline ID and three cases were too young (0-5 years old). The three cases with CMT presented with adult-onset axonal neuropathy. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1042 | TBX6 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: TBX6 were changed from Spondylocostal dysostosis 5, 122600 to Spondylocostal dysostosis 5, 122600; Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome, MONDO:0017771, TBX6-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1041 | WBP4 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: WBP4 were changed from Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, WBP4-related to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, WBP4-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1040 | WBP4 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: WBP4 were changed from Neurodevelopmental disorder to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, WBP4-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1039 | KDM2A | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: KDM2A were changed from Neurodevelopmental disorder to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, KDM2A-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1038 | PIP5K1C | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: PIP5K1C were changed from Lethal congenital contractural syndrome 3, MIM# 611369 to Neurodevelopmental disorder and microcephaly, MONDO:0700092, PIP5K1C-related; Lethal congenital contractural syndrome 3, MIM# 611369 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1035 | INTS13 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: INTS13 were changed from Oral-facial-digital syndrome to Oral-facial-digital syndrome, MONDO:0015375, INTS13-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1034 | TEFM | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: TEFM were changed from Mitochondrial disease (MONDO#0044970), TEFM-related to Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 58, MIM# 620451 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1032 | SLC20A1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: SLC20A1 were changed from Bladder-Exstrophy-Epispadias Complex (BEEC) to Bladder-Exstrophy-Epispadias Complex (BEEC), MONDO:0017919, SLC20A1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1031 | TUBB4B | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: TUBB4B were changed from Leber congenital amaurosis with early onset deafness, LCAEOD, OMIM #617879; MONDO:0060650 to Leber congenital amaurosis with early onset deafness, LCAEOD, OMIM #617879; MONDO:0060650; Primary ciliary dyskinesia, MONDO:0016575, TUBB4B-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1030 | CYHR1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: CYHR1 were changed from Neurodevelopmental disorder and microcephaly to Neurodevelopmental disorder and microcephaly, MONDO:0700092, CYHR1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1028 | TAF4 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: TAF4 were changed from Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, TAF4-related to Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal dominant 73, MIM# 620450 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1027 | NAA60 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: NAA60 were changed from Basal ganglia calcification to Basal ganglia calcification, MONDO:0008947, NAA60-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1026 | POPDC2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: POPDC2 were changed from Sinus node dysfunction to Sinoatrial node disorder, MONDO:0000469, POPDC2-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1025 | GPATCH11 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: GPATCH11 were changed from Leber congenital amaurosis and developmental delay to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, GPATCH11-related; Leber congenital amaurosis and developmental delay | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1024 | KCNA3 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: KCNA3 were changed from Neurodevelopmental disorder to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, KCNA3-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1023 | FSD1L | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: FSD1L were changed from Neurodevelopmental disorder to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, FSD1L-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1022 | DENND5B | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: DENND5B were changed from Neurodevelopmental disorder with white matter anomalies to Neurodevelopmental disorder with white matter anomalies, MONDO:0700092, DENND5B-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1021 | DMAP1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: DMAP1 were changed from Neurodevelopmental disorder to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, DMAP1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1020 | VGLL2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: VGLL2 were changed from Syngnathia to Syngnathia, MONDO:0015409, VGLL2-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1017 | HCN2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: HCN2 were changed from Febrile seizures, familial, 2, MIM# 602477; Genetic epilepsy with febrile seizures plus; Other seizure disorders to Febrile seizures, familial, 2, MIM# 602477; Genetic epilepsy with febrile seizures plus; Other seizure disorders; Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO#0700092), HCN2-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1016 | HCN2 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: HCN2: Added comment: ICG congress 2023: cohort presented with ID as key feature.; Changed phenotypes: Febrile seizures, familial, 2, MIM# 602477, Genetic epilepsy with febrile seizures plus, Other seizure disorders, Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO#0700092), HCN2-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1013 | PLCG1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: PLCG1 was added gene: PLCG1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: PLCG1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: PLCG1 were set to 37422272 Phenotypes for gene: PLCG1 were set to Autoinflammatory syndrome, MONDO:0019751, PLCG1-related; Immune dysregulation Mode of pathogenicity for gene: PLCG1 was set to Other Review for gene: PLCG1 was set to AMBER Added comment: Single 7yo proband presented with thrombocytopaenia and lymphadenopathy. De Novo , c.3062C>T, p.S1021F with functional testing supportive of GOF mechanism of disease Sources: Expert Review |
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| Mendeliome v1.1012 | TTI1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: TTI1 were changed from Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, TTI1-related to Neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly and movement abnormalities, MIM# 620445 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1011 | DCAF15 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: DCAF15 were changed from Cornelia de Lange syndrome to Cornelia de Lange syndrome, MONDO:0016033, DCAF15-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.1009 | WBP4 |
Chirag Patel gene: WBP4 was added gene: WBP4 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Other Mode of inheritance for gene: WBP4 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: WBP4 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder Review for gene: WBP4 was set to GREEN gene: WBP4 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: ESHG 2023: 11 individuals from 8 families with homozygous LOF variants in WBP4 gene (4 different variants). Presentation of severe DD and ID, hypotonia, abnormal outer ears, and varying congenital anomalies. WBP4 is spliceosome protein which binds/interacts with SNRNP200. In vivo and in vitro studies previously showed WBP4 enhances splicing and regulates alternative splicing. Patient fibroblasts showed loss of expression of WBP4. RNA sequencing analysis showed abnormal splicing patterns. Proposed spliceosomopathy. Sources: Other |
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| Mendeliome v1.1007 | KDM2A |
Chirag Patel gene: KDM2A was added gene: KDM2A was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Other Mode of inheritance for gene: KDM2A was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Phenotypes for gene: KDM2A were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder Review for gene: KDM2A was set to GREEN gene: KDM2A was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: ESHG 2023: 14 patients with de novo HTZ variants in KDM2A (5 x truncating, 9 x missense) Presentation with DD, ID (mild), seizures, growth retardation, and dysmorphism. Functional studies: -patient blood showed aberrant genome wide methylation profile - potential episignature -HEK293T cells showed altered subcellular localisation of KDM2A -Drosophila models showed variants caused neurotoxicity Sources: Other |
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| Mendeliome v1.1003 | INTS13 |
Chirag Patel gene: INTS13 was added gene: INTS13 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: INTS13 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: INTS13 were set to PMID: 36229431 Phenotypes for gene: INTS13 were set to Oral-facial-digital syndrome Review for gene: INTS13 was set to GREEN gene: INTS13 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: 2 families with 4 affected individuals with Oral-facial-digital (OFD) phenotype. Homozygosity mapping and WES found 2 homozygous variants in INTS13 gene. This is a subunit of the Integrator complex, which associates with RNA Polymerase II and cleaves nascent RNA to modulate gene expression. Variants segregated with disease. Depletion of INTS13 disrupts ciliogenesis in human cultured cells and causes dysregulation of a broad collection of ciliary genes. Knockdown in Xenopus embryos leads to motile cilia anomalies. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.1001 | DCAF15 |
Chirag Patel gene: DCAF15 was added gene: DCAF15 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Other Mode of inheritance for gene: DCAF15 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: DCAF15 were set to Cornelia de Lange syndrome Review for gene: DCAF15 was set to AMBER Added comment: ESHG 2023: 3 unrelated cases with CdLS (1 x TOP with MCA, 1 x death @20mths, 1 x living child) Features suggestive of CdLS - DD, microcephaly, CHD, dysmorphism, visual/hearing impairment. WES identified recurrent de novo variant (p.Ser470Phe) in DCAF15 gene. This mediates ubiquitination and degradation of target proteins, and interacts with cohesin complex members (SMC1/SMC3). Protein analysis from individuals showed increased accumulation of ubiquitination-modified proteins and SM3 (GOF mechanism). EpiSign analysis showed same DNA methylation pattern as other CdLS cases/genes. Zebrafish model showed reduced body length, reduced head size, reduced oligodendrocytes, heart defect, aberrant motor neurons, and abnormal response to visual/auditory stimuli. Sources: Other |
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| Mendeliome v1.1000 | PMVK | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: PMVK were changed from Porokeratosis 1, multiple types, MIM# 175800 to Porokeratosis 1, multiple types, MIM# 175800; Autoinflammatory syndrome, MONDO:0019751, PMVK-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.997 | PMVK |
Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: PMVK: Added comment: Association with auto inflammatory syndrome: Five-year-old girl with recurring hyperinflammatory episodes initially presenting at 9mo with fever, arthritis, aphthous stomatitis and maculopapular rash with homozygous variant in PMVK p.Val131Ala (NM_006556.4: c.392T>C) with clinical overlap with MVK deficiency. Supportive functional data. Second patient, 6yo boy with compound heterozygous c.329G >A (p. Arg110Gln) and c.316G >A (p. Val106Met) mutations in trans configuration with similar phenotype.; Changed publications: 26202976, 37364720, 36410683; Changed phenotypes: Porokeratosis 1, multiple types, MIM# 175800, Autoinflammatory syndrome, MONDO:0019751, PMVK-related; Changed mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal |
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| Mendeliome v1.996 | RIPK3 |
Zornitza Stark gene: RIPK3 was added gene: RIPK3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: RIPK3 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: RIPK3 were set to 37083451 Phenotypes for gene: RIPK3 were set to Hereditary susceptibility to infections, MONDO:0015979, RIPK3-related; Recurrent HSV encephalitis Review for gene: RIPK3 was set to AMBER Added comment: Single female patient with independent episodes of HSE at 6 and 17 months of age and with autoimmune encephalitis 1 month after the second episode of HSE with two heterozygous mutations of RIPK3 predicted to be loss of function (pLOF): p. Arg422* (c.1264 C > T, MAF 0.001568, CADD 35) and p. Pro493fs9* (c.1475 C > CC, MAF 0.002611, CADD 24.2). Extensive supportive functional data including RIPK3 knockout human pluripotent stem cell–derived cortical neurons. Sources: Expert Review |
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| Mendeliome v1.995 | ANO1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ANO1 were changed from Intestinal dysmotility syndrome, MIM# 620045; Impaired intestinal peristalsis; haemorrhagic diarrhoea; dysmorphic features to Intestinal dysmotility syndrome, MIM# 620045; Moyamoya disease, MONDO:0016820, ANO1 related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.992 | ANO1 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: ANO1: Added comment: PMID 37253099: screening analysis of Moyamoya disease (MMD) cohort revealed 8 individuals with variants in the ANO1 gene. Two families had the same rare variant p.Met658Val. The ANO1 rare variants were assessed using patch-clamp recordings, and the majority of variants, including ANO1 p.Met658Val, displayed increased sensitivity to intracellular Ca2+. Patients harboring these gain-of-function ANO1 variants had classic features of MMD, but also had aneurysm, stenosis, and/or occlusion in the posterior circulation. Amber rating due to somewhat conflicting segregation and functional data presented.; Changed publications: 37253099; Changed phenotypes: Intestinal dysmotility syndrome, MIM# 620045, Moyamoya disease, MONDO:0016820, ANO1 related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.991 | CYHR1 |
Chirag Patel gene: CYHR1 was added gene: CYHR1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Other Mode of inheritance for gene: CYHR1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: CYHR1 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder and microcephaly Review for gene: CYHR1 was set to AMBER Added comment: ESHG 2023: 5 individuals from 3 families with biallelic LOF variants in CYHR1 (aka ZTRAF1). Presentation with microcephaly, hypotonia, DD, and ID. Expression studies showed mislocalisation of CYHR1. Mutant fibroblasts showed increased lysosomal markers and upregulated lysosomal proteins, leading to impaired autophagy. Zebrafish KO however did not show a phenotype. Sources: Other |
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| Mendeliome v1.989 | NAA60 |
Chirag Patel gene: NAA60 was added gene: NAA60 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Other Mode of inheritance for gene: NAA60 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: NAA60 were set to Basal ganglia calcification Review for gene: NAA60 was set to GREEN gene: NAA60 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: ESHG 2023: 10 individuals from 7 families with biallelic variants in NAA60 (missense and framshift). All with primary brain calcification - 4/10 childhood onset (DD, ID), 6/10 adult onset (cerebellar and pyramidal dysfunction, dystonia, parkinsonism, cognitive impairment, psychiatric manifestations). NAA60 catalyses N-terminal acetylation of transmembrane proteins and localises to Golgi apparatus. In vitro assay of variants showed reduced capacity of Nt acetylation. Fibroblast studies showed significantly reduced levels of phosphate importer (SLC20A2). Loss of function variants in SLC20A2 (~50% of PFBC cases) lead to increased extracellular phosphate (which is thought to lead to calcium deposits in brain). Sources: Other |
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| Mendeliome v1.987 | POPDC2 |
Chirag Patel gene: POPDC2 was added gene: POPDC2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Other Mode of inheritance for gene: POPDC2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: POPDC2 were set to Sinus node dysfunction Review for gene: POPDC2 was set to GREEN gene: POPDC2 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: ESHG 2023: 3 families with 7 affected with sinus node dysfunction (bradycardia) and AV block (2/7 HCM). 3 x HMZ variants found in POPDC2 (2 x missense, 1 x indel). Variants predicted to diminish cAMP binding of POPDC2, and shown to disrupt regulation of TREK1 channels (lowering of outward K+ current). POPDC2 is highly expressed in cardiac myocytes, sinoatrial node, and atrioventricular node. Knockdown in zebrafish leads to AV block, and knockout in mice leads to sinus node dysfunction. Sources: Other Sources: Other |
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| Mendeliome v1.978 | DENND5B |
Chirag Patel gene: DENND5B was added gene: DENND5B was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Other Mode of inheritance for gene: DENND5B was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Phenotypes for gene: DENND5B were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder with white matter anomalies Review for gene: DENND5B was set to GREEN gene: DENND5B was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: ESHG 2023: 7 patients/7 families with de novo DENND5B variants (6 missense, 1 splice) DD/ID (mod/profound)(7/7), white matter anomalies (6/7) hypotonia, epilepsy (3/7) DENND5B acts as: -GEF for activation of RAB proteins which are involved in membrane trafficking and neurotransmitter release -regulator of lipid absorption and homeostasis Functional studies showed loss of expression of DENND5B in fibroblasts, abnormal vesicle trafficking, and impaired lipid uptake and intracellular distribution Sources: Other |
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| Mendeliome v1.976 | DMAP1 |
Chirag Patel gene: DMAP1 was added gene: DMAP1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Other Mode of inheritance for gene: DMAP1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: DMAP1 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder Review for gene: DMAP1 was set to GREEN gene: DMAP1 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: ESHG 2023: 9 patients/8 families with bilallelic variants in DMAP1 (3 missense, 7 LOF) All with DD, speech delay, hypotonia, and ID Some with epilepsy (4/6), FTT (4/5), and brain malformations (3/5) Drosophila showed abnormal behaviour pattern and bang sensitivity Specific methylation episignature also seen Sources: Other |
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| Mendeliome v1.974 | VGLL2 |
Chirag Patel gene: VGLL2 was added gene: VGLL2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Other Mode of inheritance for gene: VGLL2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: VGLL2 were set to Syngnathia Review for gene: VGLL2 was set to GREEN gene: VGLL2 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: ESHG 2023: 4 families/7 affected individuals with isolated unilateral/bilateral syngnathia biallelic truncating variants in VGLL2 But not phenotype in KO mouse or zebrafish models Sources: Other |
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| Mendeliome v1.972 | COL4A6 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: COL4A6: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 33840813; Phenotypes: Deafness, X-linked 6 MIM#300914; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males); Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.972 | ZMYM3 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ZMYM3 were changed from Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, ZMYM3-related to Intellectual developmental disorder, X-linked 112, MIM# 301111 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.971 | ZMYM3 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: ZMYM3: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Intellectual developmental disorder, X-linked 112, MIM# 301111; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.968 | DOCK11 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: DOCK11 were changed from autoimmune disease MONDO:0007179, DOCK11-related to Autoimmune disease with immune dysregulation, X-linked (ADMIDX), MIM#301109 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.966 | ZNF808 |
Hazel Phillimore gene: ZNF808 was added gene: ZNF808 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ZNF808 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: ZNF808 were set to PMID: 37308312 Phenotypes for gene: ZNF808 were set to non-syndromic neonatal diabetes; MONDO:0016391 Review for gene: ZNF808 was set to GREEN Added comment: PMID: 37308312; Alqahtani, MA. et al. (2023) Clin Genet. doi: 10.1111/cge.14389. Three siblings in one consanguineous Saudi Arabian family with non-syndromic neonatal diabetes, all with a homozygous frameshift variant, NM_001321425.2:c.1448dupA, p.(Tyr483*), in ZNF808. (Same nucleotide and amino acid numbering as for the MANE SELECT transcript, NM_001039886.4). This variant has been entered as likely pathogenic in ClinVar by this group. This variant occurs in the last exon of the gene and is therefore not NMD-predicted. Instead it is predicted to cause a truncated protein. This paper shows a diagram with several other truncating variants in this exon, which were reported in the paper by De Franco, E. et al. (2021). (These patients also had low vitamin D levels, suggesting an association, and is consistent with other studies looking into loci that are associated with vitamin D). De Franco, E. et al. (2021) medRxiv 08.23.21262262. (Exeter, UK): Firstly, this group found a homozygous variant NM_001039886.3:c.637del, p.(Leu213*) that is predicted to cause a truncated protein, and also a homozygous CNV Chr19(GRCh37):g.53057128_53100968del (predicted to cause a deletion of exons 4 and 5) in two unrelated affected individuals. These patients had pancreatic agenesis, defined as insulin-dependent diabetes in the first 6 months of life (neonatal diabetes) and exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. Both were from consanguineous families. Parents were subsequently tested and shown to be heterozygous carriers. They then investigated 232 additional patients who had been diagnosed with neonatal diabetes before the age of 6 months and found ten more homozygous ZNF808 variants. Six were nonsense: p.(Gln194*), p.(Cys233*), p.(Tyr427*), p.(Lys458*), p.(Tyr528*) and p.(Arg727*), and three were frameshift variants: p.(Ala379Valfs*157), p.(Leu588Profs*118), p.(Asn770Ilefs*98) and one was a whole-gene deletion. All the frameshift and nonsense variants occurred in the last exon of the gene, which contains all 23 zinc finger domains; and therefore all of these variants are predicted to result in truncated proteins, and removal of some, if not all, those domains. This group also carried out functional studies using an in vitro model of pancreas development and showed an aberrant activation of many transposable elements (mostly MER11 elements) that would be normally be repressed during early pancreas development. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.965 | SART3 |
Daniel Flanagan gene: SART3 was added gene: SART3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: SART3 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SART3 were set to PMID: 37296101 Phenotypes for gene: SART3 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO#0700092), SART3-related; 46,XY disorder of sex development (MONDO:0020040), SART3-related Review for gene: SART3 was set to GREEN Added comment: Nine individuals from six families presenting with intellectual disability, global developmental delay, a subset of brain anomalies, together with gonadal dysgenesis in 46,XY individuals. Additionally, two individuals had seizures and two had epileptiform activity reported on EEG. Human induced pluripotent stem cells carrying patient variants in SART3 show disruption to multiple signalling pathways, upregulation of spliceosome components and demonstrate aberrant gonadal and neuronal differentiation in vitro. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v1.962 | NUDCD2 |
Ee Ming Wong gene: NUDCD2 was added gene: NUDCD2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: NUDCD2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: NUDCD2 were set to 37272762 Phenotypes for gene: NUDCD2 were set to Multiple congenital anomalies (MONDO:0019042), NUDCD2-related Penetrance for gene: NUDCD2 were set to unknown Review for gene: NUDCD2 was set to AMBER gene: NUDCD2 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: - Two unrelated probands, each biallelic for two variants in NUDCD2 (total 3x LoF variants, 1x missense variant) - Immunoblotting of proteins extracted from the primary fibroblasts of one proband with 2x LoF variants demonstrated markedly reduced NUDCD2 levels compared to healthy individuals Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.962 | RAB34 | Elena Savva Phenotypes for gene: RAB34 were changed from Clefting; corpus callosum; short bones; hypertelorism; polydactyly; cardiac defects; anorectal anomalies to Multiple congenital anomalies, (MONDO:0019042), RAB34-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.961 | ARPC5 |
Paul De Fazio gene: ARPC5 was added gene: ARPC5 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ARPC5 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: ARPC5 were set to 37349293; 37382373 Phenotypes for gene: ARPC5 were set to Combined immunodeficiency, ARPC5-related MONDO:0015131 Review for gene: ARPC5 was set to GREEN gene: ARPC5 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: 4 individuals from 3 families reported with homozygous LoF variants. All had recurrent and severe infections. Other developmental anomalies were present but seemed variable. PMID:37349293 reports 2 unrelated patients. Both had scoliosis. One had neurodevelopmental delay and brain atrophy. Patient 1 died at 15yo after a sudden episode of hemoptysis and hematochezia. Patient 2 died at 1yo because of progressive neurologic and respiratory disease; an autopsy was not performed. PMID:37382373 reports 2 patients from the same family. One had multiple congenital anomalies including a congenital heart defect (CHD) (patent foramen ovale), cleft palate, and hypoplastic corpus callosum. The sibling also had CHD (moderate pulmonary stenosis and atrial septal defect). Functional studies and a mouse model were supportive of the disease association. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.958 | DCAF13 |
Michelle Torres gene: DCAF13 was added gene: DCAF13 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: DCAF13 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: DCAF13 were set to 36797467 Phenotypes for gene: DCAF13 were set to Neuromuscular disease (MONDO#0019056), DCAF13-related Review for gene: DCAF13 was set to RED Added comment: One consanguineous family, 4x individuals homozygous NM_015420.7(DCAF13)c.907 G > A; p.(Asp303Asn) (3x via WES and 1x via Sanger) with a neuromuscular disorder characterized by a waddling gait, limb deformities, muscular weakness and facial palsy. In silicos analysis of mutant DCAF13 suggests that the amino acid change is deleterious and affects a ß-hairpin turn, within a WD40 domain of the protein which may decrease protein stability. Functional studies were not performed. Previously, a heterozygous variant in DCAF13 with or without a heterozygous missense variant in CCN3, was suggested to cause inherited cortical myoclonic tremor with epilepsy. In addition, a heterozygous DCAF13 variant has been associated with autism spectrum disorder. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.957 | ERI1 |
Elena Savva gene: ERI1 was added gene: ERI1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ERI1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: ERI1 were set to 37352860 Phenotypes for gene: ERI1 were set to Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia (MONDO#0100510), ERI1-related, Intellectual disability (MONDO#0001071), ERI1-related Review for gene: ERI1 was set to GREEN Added comment: PMID: 37352860 - 8 individuals from 7 unrelated families - Patients with biallelic missense show a MORE severe spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia, syndactyly, brachydactyly/clinodactyly/camptodactyly - Patients with biallelic null/whole gene deletion had mild ID and digit anomalies including brachydactyly/clinodactyly/camptodactyly - Patient chet for a missense and PTC variant has a blended phenotype with short stature, syndactyly, brachydactyly/clinodactyly/camptodactyly, mild ID and failure to thrive - Missense variants were functionally shown to not be able to rescue 5.8S rRNA processing in KO HeLa cells - K/O mice had neonatal lethality with growth defects, brachydactyly. Skeletal-specific K/O had mild platyspondyly, had more in keeping with patients with null variants than missense More severe phenotype hypothesised due to "exonuclease-dead proteins may compete for the target RNA molecules with other exonucleases that have functional redundancy with ERI1, staying bound to those RNA molecules" Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.956 | RAB34 |
Sarah Pantaleo gene: RAB34 was added gene: RAB34 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: RAB34 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: RAB34 were set to PMID: 37384395 Phenotypes for gene: RAB34 were set to Clefting; corpus callosum; short bones; hypertelorism; polydactyly; cardiac defects; anorectal anomalies Penetrance for gene: RAB34 were set to Complete Review for gene: RAB34 was set to GREEN Added comment: Oral-facial-digital syndromes (OFDS) are a group of clinically and genetically heterogenous disorders characterised by defects in the development of the face and oral cavity along with digit anomalies. Pathogenic variants in >20 genes encoding ciliary proteins have been found to cause OFDS. Identified by WES biallelic missense variants in a novel disease-causing ciliary gene RAB34 in four individuals from three unrelated families (aided by GeneMatcher). Affected individuals presented a novel form of OFDS accompanied by cardiac, cerebral, skeletal (eg. Shortening of long bones), and anorectal defects. RAB34 encodes a member of the Lab GTPase superfamily and was recently identified as a key mediator of ciliary membrane formation. Protein products of pathogenic variants clustered near the RAB34 C-terminus exhibit a strong loss of function. Onset is prenatal (multiple developmental defects including short femur, polydactyly, heart malformations, kidney malformations, brain malformations), resulting in medical termination for three probands. In the fourth, the only one alive at birth, proband born at 39+5 weeks, normal growth parameters after pregnancy with polyhydramnios, corpus callosum agenesis and polydactyly. Respiratory distress at birth. All four probands presented typical features of ciliopathy disorders, overlapping with oral, facial and digital abnormalities. All with homozygous missense variants. All absent in gnomAD (in homozygous state). Sanger sequencing confirmed mode of inheritance. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.956 | DRG1 |
Dean Phelan gene: DRG1 was added gene: DRG1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: DRG1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: DRG1 were set to PMID: 37179472 Phenotypes for gene: DRG1 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO:0700092), DRG1-related Review for gene: DRG1 was set to GREEN Added comment: PMID: 37179472 - Biallelic variants were identified in four affected individuals from three distinct families with neurodevelopmental disorder with global developmental delay, primary microcephaly, short stature and craniofacial anomalies. Functional studies show the variants result in a loss of function. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.956 | RPH3A |
Lucy Spencer gene: RPH3A was added gene: RPH3A was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: RPH3A was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: RPH3A were set to 37403762; 29441694 Phenotypes for gene: RPH3A were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO#0700092), RPH3A-related Review for gene: RPH3A was set to GREEN Added comment: PMID: 37403762- 6 patients with RPH3A variant. All 6 have ID, 4 have epilepsy, 2 with obesity, 1 with dysmorphic features. All 6 have missense variants, 3 shown to be de novo, the other 3 parents were not available for testing. I patient also had language and motor impairment, breathing issues and mixed hypo/hypertonia- he also had variants in CUL4B, PRKAG2, SCN4A, none of these genes cause seizures (which he had). Patch clamp studies on 2 of the missense showed they increased either the number of NMDA receptors on neuron membrane surface or increased their conductance. Study suggests that the variants interrupt the normal role of RPH3A activity at the synaptic NMDAR complex which is needed for the induction of synaptic plasticity and NMDAR-dependant behaviours Previously this gene was reported in PMID: 29441694- 1 girl with learning disabilities, tremors, ataxia, hyperglycemia and muscle fatigability. Chet for 2 RPH3A missense. Functional analysis showed strong and marginal impairment of protein binding for each variant. this is the only biallelic report currently. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.956 | MIR204 |
Chern Lim gene: MIR204 was added gene: MIR204 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: MIR204 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: MIR204 were set to 26056285; 37321975 Phenotypes for gene: MIR204 were set to Retinal dystrophy and iris coloboma with or without cataract (MIM#616722) Mode of pathogenicity for gene: MIR204 was set to Other Review for gene: MIR204 was set to GREEN gene: MIR204 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: PMID: 26056285 - Bilateral coloboma and rod-cone dystrophy with or without cataract in nine individuals of a five-generation family. - Heterozygous n.37C>T segregates with the disease in all affected individuals. - Functional analysis including transcriptome analysis showed this variant resulted in significant alterations of miR-204 targeting capabilities. In vivo injection, in medaka fish (Oryzias latipes), of the mutated miR-204 caused a phenotype consistent with that observed in the family. - Authors suggested gain of function is the likely disease mechanism. PMID: 37321975 - Four members of a three-generation family with early-onset chorioretinal dystrophy, heterozygous for n.37C>T. - Additionally, four family members were shown to be affected by albinism resulting from biallelic pathogenic OCA2 variants. - Haplotype analysis excluded relatedness with the family reported in PMID: 26056285. - In silico analysis of the MIR204 n.37C>T variant reveals profound changes to its target mRNAs and suggests a gain-of-function mechanism of miR 204 variant. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.949 | SRRM2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: SRRM2 were changed from Neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO:0700092 SRRM2-related to Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal dominant 72, MIM# 620439 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.948 | NUP54 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: NUP54 were changed from Striatonigral degeneration, MONDO:0003122, NUP54-related; Early onset dystonia; progressive neurological deterioration; ataxia; dysarthria; dysphagia; hypotonia to Dystonia 37, early-onset, with striatal lesions, MIM# 620427; Early onset dystonia; progressive neurological deterioration; ataxia; dysarthria; dysphagia; hypotonia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.946 | ZC4H2 |
Achchuthan Shanmugasundram changed review comment from: There are ten unrelated patients reported with cleft palate. Hence, this gene should be added with green rating to 'clefting disorders' panel. PMID:31206972 - Of 42 families identified with variants in de novo and inherited heterozygous variants in ZC4H2 gene, eight patients had cleft palate in addition to several other clinical presentations. These included one patient with cleft palate from the DDD study (DECIPHER database) DECIPHER database - Of 13 patients with monoallelic sequence variants, three patients had cleft palate. Cleft palate has been recorded as one of the clinical presentations of female-restricted Wieacker-Wolff syndrome (MIM #301041) in OMIM.; to: There are ten unrelated patients reported with cleft palate. Hence, this gene should be added with green rating to 'clefting disorders' panel. PMID:31206972 - Of 42 families identified with de novo and inherited variants in ZC4H2 gene, eight patients had cleft palate in addition to several other clinical presentations. These included one patient with cleft palate from the DDD study (DECIPHER database) DECIPHER database - Of 13 patients with sequence variants, three patients had cleft palate. Cleft palate has been recorded as one of the clinical presentations of female-restricted Wieacker-Wolff syndrome (MIM #301041) in OMIM. |
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| Mendeliome v1.946 | ZC4H2 | Achchuthan Shanmugasundram edited their review of gene: ZC4H2: Changed mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.946 | GCSH | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: GCSH were changed from Glycine encephalopathy MIM#605899; neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO#0700092, GCHS-related to Multiple mitochondrial dysfunctions syndrome 7, MIM# 620423 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.944 | STAG2 | Achchuthan Shanmugasundram reviewed gene: STAG2: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 28296084, 29263825, 30158690, 31334757, 33014403, 37010288; Phenotypes: Holoprosencephaly 13, X-linked, OMIM:301043, Mullegama-Klein-Martinez syndrome, OMIM:301022; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.943 | POGZ |
Achchuthan Shanmugasundram changed review comment from: Although there are more than three unrelated cases reported with either cleft palate or bifid uvula in total, this phenotype is not consistently present in patients with monoallelic variants in POGZ gene. Hence, this gene should only be added with amber rating in 'Clefting disorders panel'. PMID:26739615 - Five unrelated individuals were identified with de novo truncating variants in POGZ gene, of which one individual had cleft palate and another one had bifid uvula. PMID:31782611 - In this cohort of 22 individuals with 21 different loss of function variants in POGZ, two patients were reported with bifid uvula. DECIPHER database - Of 42 patients with heterozygous sequence variants, one had cleft palate and another one had bifid uvula (PMID:37010288). The OMIM entry for White-Sutton syndrome (MIM #616364) does not currently include cleft lip/ palate as one of the clinical manifestations of this syndrome.; to: Although there are more than three unrelated cases reported with either cleft palate or bifid uvula in total, this phenotype is not consistently present in patients with monoallelic variants in POGZ gene. Hence, this gene should only be added with amber rating in 'Clefting disorders' panel. PMID:26739615 - Five unrelated individuals were identified with de novo truncating variants in POGZ gene, of which one individual had cleft palate and another one had bifid uvula. PMID:31782611 - In this cohort of 22 individuals with 21 different loss of function variants in POGZ, two patients were reported with bifid uvula. DECIPHER database - Of 42 patients with heterozygous sequence variants, one had cleft palate and another one had bifid uvula (PMID:37010288). The OMIM entry for White-Sutton syndrome (MIM #616364) does not currently include cleft lip/ palate as one of the clinical manifestations of this syndrome. |
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| Mendeliome v1.942 | VWA8 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: VWA8 were changed from Retinitis pigmentosa (MONDO:0019200), VWA8-related to Retinitis pigmentosa 97, MIM#620422 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.941 | ARID1B |
Achchuthan Shanmugasundram changed review comment from: There are at least three unrelated cases with monoallelic variants in ARID1B gene reported with either cleft palate, cleft uvula or bifid uvula. Hence, this gene can be added with green rating in the Clefting disorders panel. PMID:30349098 - On this web-based survey based on previously reported features of patients with variants in ARID1B gene (143 patients in total), which also included submissions to DECIPHER database, two patients were identified with cleft palate, one with cleft uvula, two with bifid uvula and three with sub mucous cleft. Although variants identified in these patients are reported in this publication, there is no association of individual patients to phenotypes available. One patient with ARID1B variant (c.3183_3184insT/ p.Tyr1062LeufsTer10) was reported with submucous cleft soft palate and two patients with ARID1B variants (c.4155_4156insA/ p.Asn1386LysfsTer18 & c.2620+5G>A) were reported with bifid uvula in DECIPHER database.; to: Although there are more than three unrelated cases with ARID1B monoallelic variants reported with either cleft palate, cleft uvula or bifid uvula, clefting isn not consistently present in patients with ARID1B variants. Hence, this gene can be added with amber rating in the Clefting disorders panel. PMID:30349098 - On this web-based survey based on previously reported features of patients with variants in ARID1B gene (143 patients in total), which also included submissions to DECIPHER database, two patients were identified with cleft palate, one with cleft uvula, two with bifid uvula and three with sub mucous cleft. Although variants identified in these patients are reported in this publication, there is no association of individual patients to phenotypes available. Of >100 patients with ARID1B variants in the DECIPHER database, only one patient (c.3183_3184insT/ p.Tyr1062LeufsTer10) was reported with submucous cleft soft palate and two patients (c.4155_4156insA/ p.Asn1386LysfsTer18 & c.2620+5G>A) were reported with bifid uvula. |
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| Mendeliome v1.941 | CHD4 |
Achchuthan Shanmugasundram changed review comment from: This gene should be added to the Clefting disorders panel with a green rating as there are four unrelated cases presenting with either cleft palate and/or bifid uvula. PMID:3138819 reported a patient with heterozygous variant (p.Gln715Ter) in CHD4 that had cleft palate and pierre robin. In addition, another patient identified with heterozygous variant p.Arg1127Gln was reported with bifid uvula. In addition, DDD study reported two patients with likely pathogenic heterozygous variants who had cleft palate in addition to several other clinical presentations including global developmental delay (PMID:37010288); to: Although there are four unrelated cases presenting with either cleft palate and/or bifid uvula, this phenotype is not consistent among patients identified with monoallelic variants in CHD4 gene. Hence, this gene should be added to the Clefting disorders panel with amber rating. PMID:31388190 reported 32 patients with heterozygous variants in CHD4 gene, of which one patient (p.Gln715Ter) had cleft palate and pierre robin. In addition, another patient identified with heterozygous variant p.Arg1127Gln was reported with bifid uvula. In addition, 2 out of 10 patients with pathogenic/ likely pathogenic heterozygous variants from the DDD study were reported with cleft palate in addition to several other clinical presentations including global developmental delay (PMID:37010288). |
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| Mendeliome v1.940 | TUFT1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: TUFT1 were changed from Ectodermal dysplasia, MONDO:0019287, TUFT1-related to Woolly hair-skin fragility syndrome, MIM# 620415 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.936 | MYMX |
Bryony Thompson gene: MYMX was added gene: MYMX was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: MYMX was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: MYMX were set to 35642635 Phenotypes for gene: MYMX were set to Carey-Fineman-Ziter syndrome MONDO:0009700 Review for gene: MYMX was set to AMBER Added comment: Single family, two siblings with weakness of the facial musculature, hypomimic face, increased overbite, micrognathia, and facial dysmorphism with homozygous p.Arg46*. The phenotype resembles CFZ syndrome. The variant prevents fusion of myoblasts from patient-derived iPSCs. Mouse model recapitulates a lethal CFZS-like phenotype. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.935 | NOP10 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: NOP10 were changed from Dyskeratosis congenita, autosomal recessive 1, MIM#224230; Telomere syndrome MONDO:0100137 to Dyskeratosis congenita, autosomal recessive 1, MIM#224230; Pulmonary fibrosis and/or bone marrow failure syndrome, telomere-related, 9, MIM# 620400 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.932 | NOP10 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: NOP10: Added comment: PMID 32139460: large multiplex family with 4 affected individuals segregating a heterozygous variant.; Changed rating: AMBER; Changed publications: 17507419, 32139460; Changed phenotypes: Dyskeratosis congenita, autosomal recessive 1, MIM#224230, Pulmonary fibrosis and/or bone marrow failure syndrome, telomere-related, 9, MIM# 620400; Changed mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.927 | NFATC1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: NFATC1 was added gene: NFATC1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: NFATC1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: NFATC1 were set to 37249233 Phenotypes for gene: NFATC1 were set to Inborn error of immunity, MONDO:0003778, NFATC1-related; Combined Immune deficiency Review for gene: NFATC1 was set to AMBER Added comment: 3 individuals from a multigenerational consanguineous pedigree with early-onset sinopulmonary infections and bronchiectasis, recurrent viral (warts) and bacterial (folliculitis and abscesses) skin infections, hypogammaglobulinemia, lower CD4+/CD8+ T-cell ratio and lower recent thymic emigrants compared with the age-matched controls. Lymphocyte proliferation responses to PHA and CD3/CD28 stimulations were defective. Single pedigree with supportive functional studies. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.921 | MRPL50 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: MRPL50: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Mitochondrial disease, MONDO: 004470, MRPL50-related; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.921 | MOS | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: MOS were changed from Early embryonic arrest and fragmentation; infertility to Infertility disorder, MONDO:0005047, MOS-related; Early embryonic arrest and fragmentation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.919 | HMGCR | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: HMGCR were changed from [Low density lipoprotein cholesterol level QTL 3] to autosomal recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (MONDO: 0015152), HMGCR-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.915 | MOS |
Melanie Marty gene: MOS was added gene: MOS was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: MOS was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: MOS were set to PMID: 34779126; PMID: 34997960; PMID: 36403623; PMID: 35670744 Phenotypes for gene: MOS were set to Early embryonic arrest and fragmentation; infertility Review for gene: MOS was set to GREEN Added comment: PMID: 34779126: 3 x females with infertility with biallelic MOS variants identified. Using oocyte-specific Erk1/2 knockout mice, they verified that MOS-ERK signal pathway inactivation in oocytes caused early embryonic arrest and fragmentation. PMID: 34997960: 2 x females with biallelic MOS variants. Functional studies showed a reduction of protein for two of these variants (missense and frameshift). Functional studies also showed these variants reduced the ability of MOS to phosphorylate its downstream target, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2. PMID: 35670744 1 x additional family (twins) with infertility and abnormal oocyte morphology with large first polar body. Functional studies showed the MOS variants could not activate MEK1/2 and ERK1/2 in oocytes and HEK293 cells. In addition, functional studies also showed when compared with wild-type MOS, the MOS variants decreased the MOS protein level and attenuated the binding capacity with MEK1. PMID: 36403623 1 x female with primary infertility, patient’s oocytes had a large polar body and poor embryonic development, hom missense variant in MOS identified. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.914 | UNC79 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: UNC79 were changed from Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO:0700092), UNC70-related to Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO:0700092), UNC79-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.910 | RNH1 | Ain Roesley Phenotypes for gene: RNH1 were changed from Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, RNH1-related to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, RNH1-related; encephalopathy, acute, infection-induced (MONDO:0000166), RNH1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.908 | PRSS8 |
Lucy Spencer gene: PRSS8 was added gene: PRSS8 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: PRSS8 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: PRSS8 were set to 36715754 Phenotypes for gene: PRSS8 were set to ichthyosis MONDO:0019269, PRSS8-related Review for gene: PRSS8 was set to AMBER Added comment: PMID: 36715754 1 family with 3 affected sons with congenital ichthyosis, consanguineous parents. All 3 affected members are homozygous for a canonical splice in PRSS8, quantitative RT-PCR showed a significant reduction in normal PRSS8 transcript. A second family with 4 affected members (proband and 3 cousins) with ichthyosis (3 also had autism), also consanguineous. Only the proband was tested who is homozygous for a missense in PTSS8. However this patient also had a TAAR1 missense (no disease association, but the paper suggests this could be responsible for the autism phenotype- KO mice have abnormal learning behaviour). Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.908 | RNH1 | Dean Phelan reviewed gene: RNH1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID: 37191094; Phenotypes: encephalopathy, acute, infection-induced (MONDO:0000166), RNH1-related; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.908 | UNC79 | Elena Savva Phenotypes for gene: UNC79 were changed from Neurodevelopmental disorderMONDO:0700092 to Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO:0700092), UNC70-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.906 | NSUN6 |
Michelle Torres gene: NSUN6 was added gene: NSUN6 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: NSUN6 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: NSUN6 were set to 37226891 Phenotypes for gene: NSUN6 were set to neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO:0700092, NSUN6-related Review for gene: NSUN6 was set to AMBER Added comment: Three unrelated consanguineous families with developmental delay, intellectual disability, motor delay, and behavioral anomalies. WES detected homozygous variants: - p.(Leu9Glufs*3): even though authors say is is predicted to cause NMD, it actually is NMD escape. No further studies were performed. A deceased affected sibling and parents were NOT tested. - p.(Asp323Asn): Shown to result in a misfolded protein. Methylation assay showed mutant could not catalyze m5C deposition in transcribed tRNACys and tRNAThr substrates in vitro. One of the parents and both unaffected siblings were shown to be carriers. - p.(Glu441Profs*15): truncation (full protein is 470aa) which would result in loss of residues involved in recognition and methylation. Shown to result in a misfolded protein. Parents were shown carriers. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.906 | HMGCR | Naomi Baker reviewed gene: HMGCR: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID: 37167966, 36745799; Phenotypes: autosomal recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (MONDO: 0015152), HMGCR-related; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.906 | UNC79 |
Krithika Murali gene: UNC79 was added gene: UNC79 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: UNC79 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: UNC79 were set to PMID:37183800 Phenotypes for gene: UNC79 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorderMONDO:0700092 Review for gene: UNC79 was set to AMBER Added comment: PMID:37183800 Bayat et al 2023 report 6 unrelated patients with heterozygous NMD-predicted LoF variants in UNC79 - x1 canonical splice site variant, x5 nonsense/frameshift. 5 were confirmed de novo, 1 not identified in mother - father unavailable for testing. All variants absent in gnomAD and v2 pLI score for UNC79 is 1. Patients with UNC79 variants were identified through GeneMatcher or an international network of Epilepsy and Genetics departments. x1 patient underwent duo exome sequencing, remaining had trio exome sequencing - no other causative variants identified. Phenotypic features included: - 4/6 autistic features - 5/6 patients mild-moderate ID - 4/6 behavioural issues (aggression, stereotypies) - 4/6 epilepsy (focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures) - 5/6 hypotonia unc79 knockdown drosophila flies exhibited significantly higher rate of seizure-like behaviour than controls. unc79 haploinsufficiency shown to lead to significant reduction in protein levels of both unc79 and unc80 in mouse brains. Unc79 haploinsufficiency associated with deficiency in hippocampal-dependent learning and memory in mice. Authors have reviewed their own evidence in relation to the gene-disease criteria detailed by Strande et al 2017 and note that their clinical and experimental data provides moderate-level evidence supporting the association between UNC79 and a neurodevelopment disorder including ASD. Amber association favoured due to clinical phenotypic range reported between affected individuals and their lack of specificity. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.903 | MRPL50 |
Anna Ritchie gene: MRPL50 was added gene: MRPL50 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: MRPL50 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: MRPL50 were set to PMID: 37148394 Phenotypes for gene: MRPL50 were set to Mitochondrial disease, MONDO: 004470, MRPL50-related Added comment: A homozygous missense variant (c.335T>A; p.Val112Asp) shared by twin sisters presenting with premature ovarian insufficiency, bilateral high-frequency sensorineural hearing loss, kidney and heart dysfunction. Quantitative proteomics data demonstrated a significant reduction in abundance of MRPL50 protein when compared with controls. Patient fibroblasts have a mild but significant decrease in the abundance of mitochondrial complex I. This data supports a biochemical phenotype associated with MRPL50 variants. Knockdown/knockout of mRpL50 in Drosophila, resulted abnormal ovarian development. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.901 | POU3F2 | Ain Roesley Phenotypes for gene: POU3F2 were changed from Autism spectrum disorder, NDD, and adolescent-onset obesity to Autism spectrum disorder, NDD, and adolescent-onset obesity; neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO:0700092, POU3F2-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.900 | MCM6 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: MCM6 were changed from Lactase persistence/nonpersistence 223100 to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, MCM6-related; Lactase persistence/nonpersistence 223100 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.898 | POU3F2 |
Sarah Pantaleo gene: POU3F2 was added gene: POU3F2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: POU3F2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: POU3F2 were set to PMID: 37207645 Phenotypes for gene: POU3F2 were set to Autism spectrum disorder, NDD, and adolescent-onset obesity Penetrance for gene: POU3F2 were set to unknown Mode of pathogenicity for gene: POU3F2 was set to Other Review for gene: POU3F2 was set to GREEN Added comment: We associate ultra-rare variants in POU3F2, encoding a central nervous system transcription factor, with syndromic obesity and neurodevelopment delay in 12 individuals. Demonstrate variant pathogenicity through in vitro analysis. Used exome sequencing, GeneMatcher and Genomics England 100,000 Genomes Project rare disease database. Both truncating and missense variants in over 10 individuals sharing autism spectrum disorder, NDD, and adolescent-onset obesity (may have had other features eg. CAKUT in 2 individuals, diabetes in two) . Affected individuals presented with low-to-normal birth weight and infantile feeding difficulties but developed insulin resistance and hyperplasia during childhood. With the exception of an early truncating variant, the variants showed adequate nuclear translocation but overall disturbed DNA-binding ability and promoter activation. Variants absent from population and clinical databases. Almost all constituted putatively non-inherited de novo variants (8/10). Functional studies provide evidence for loss of function in eight and gain of function in one obesity-associated POU3F2 variant. One variant did not impact POU3F2-promoter activation, leaving the possibility for further path-mechanisms. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.897 | ACBD6 |
Lucy Spencer gene: ACBD6 was added gene: ACBD6 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ACBD6 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: ACBD6 were set to 36457943; 21937992; 35446914 Phenotypes for gene: ACBD6 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO#0700092), ACBD6-related Review for gene: ACBD6 was set to GREEN Added comment: PMID: 36457943 2 siblings with a neurodevelopmental disorder: severely delayed development, obesity, pancytopenia, diabetes, liver cirrhosis, intravertebral disc herniation, mild brain atrophy. Consanguineous family both siblings found to have a homozygous frameshift. This paper also mentioned 3 other reported variants in 6 individuals (only 3 unrelated) all homozygous, 2 frameshift, 1 canonical splice. All reported to have a neurodevelopmental disorder, some with limited information but one family also has obesity, spasticity, and dysmorphism. PMIDs: 21937992, 35446914 Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.896 | U2AF2 | Paul De Fazio reviewed gene: U2AF2: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 34112922, 37092751, 36747105, 37134193; Phenotypes: Neurodevelopmental disorder, U2AF2-related (MONDO:0700092); Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.896 | MAP4K4 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: MAP4K4: Added comment: 26 individuals from 21 families reported with Rasopathy-like phenotype, comprising ID/DD, dysmorphic features and congenital anomalies.; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed publications: 37126546; Changed phenotypes: RASopathy, MONDO:0021060, MAP4K4-related; Changed mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.896 | CHRM5 |
Elena Savva gene: CHRM5 was added gene: CHRM5 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: CHRM5 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: CHRM5 were set to 37213061 Phenotypes for gene: CHRM5 were set to Congenital anomaly of kidney and urinary tract, (MONDO:0019719), CHRM5-related Review for gene: CHRM5 was set to RED Added comment: PMID: 37213061 - homozygous missense p.(Q184R) in a proband with neurogenic bladder and CAKUT. Additional features were small trabeculated urinary bladder, bilateral severe hydronephrosis, grade V VUR right, chronic kidney disease (stage 4). - Radioligand binding experiments were inconclusive - the missense variant had no effect on receptor expression or binding affinity. - ACh binding assay did show a 2-fold increase (borderline significant), but no effect in secondary messenger accumulation. - Transfected CHO line showed no effect on receptor expression - Described a mouse K/O as having a bladder overactivity No hom PTCs in gnomAD Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.895 | MCM6 | Suliman Khan reviewed gene: MCM6: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID: 37198333; Phenotypes: Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, MCM6-related; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.895 | TPR | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: TPR were changed from Multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome, MONDO:0019042, TPR-related to Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 79, MIM# 620393 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.890 | OXGR1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: OXGR1 were changed from Nephrolithiasis/nephrocalcinosis MONDO:0008171, OXGR1-related to Nephrolithiasis, calcium oxalate, 2, with nephrocalcinosis, MIM# 620374 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.889 | OXGR1 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: OXGR1: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Nephrolithiasis, calcium oxalate, 2, with nephrocalcinosis, MIM# 620374; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.889 | LYN | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: LYN were changed from Vasculitis, MONDO:0018882, LYN-related to Autoinflammatory disease, systemic, with vasculitis, MIM# 620376 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.885 | UNC13A | Ain Roesley Phenotypes for gene: UNC13A were changed from Congenital myasthenia; dyskinesia; autism; developmental delay to Congenital myasthenia; dyskinesia; autism; developmental delay; neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO#0700092, UNC13A-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.883 | UNC13A | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: UNC13A: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO#0700092, UNC13A-related; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.879 | GATAD2A |
Bryony Thompson changed review comment from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xhgg.2023.100198 - Five unrelated individuals with a neurodevelopmental disorder identified with 3 missense & 2 LoF (4 de novo & 1 unknown inheritance). The shared clinical features with variable expressivity include global developmental delay (4/4), craniofacial dysmorphism (3/5), structural brain defects (2/3), musculoskeletal anomalies (3/5), vision/hearing defects (2/3), gastrointestinal/renal defects (2/3). Loss of function is the expected mechanism of disease. In vitro assays of one of the missense variants (p.Cys420Tyr) demonstrates disruption of GATAD2A integration with CHD3, CHD4, and CHD5 PMID: 17565372 - null mouse model is embryonic lethal. Sources: Literature; to: PMID: 37181331 - Five unrelated individuals with a neurodevelopmental disorder identified with 3 missense & 2 LoF (4 de novo & 1 unknown inheritance). The shared clinical features with variable expressivity include global developmental delay (4/4), craniofacial dysmorphism (3/5), structural brain defects (2/3), musculoskeletal anomalies (3/5), vision/hearing defects (2/3), gastrointestinal/renal defects (2/3). Loss of function is the expected mechanism of disease. In vitro assays of one of the missense variants (p.Cys420Tyr) demonstrates disruption of GATAD2A integration with CHD3, CHD4, and CHD5 PMID: 17565372 - null mouse model is embryonic lethal. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.879 | NAF1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: NAF1 were changed from Pulmonary fibrosis and/or bone marrow failure, telomere-related MONDO:0000148 to Pulmonary fibrosis and/or bone marrow failure syndrome, telomere-related, 7, MIM# 620365 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.878 | NAF1 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: NAF1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Pulmonary fibrosis and/or bone marrow failure syndrome, telomere-related, 7, MIM# 620365; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.878 | ESAM | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ESAM were changed from Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO#0700092), ESAM-related to Neurodevelopmental disorder with intracranial haemorrhage, seizures, and spasticity, MIM# 620371 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.877 | RRAGC | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: RRAGC were changed from Dilated cardiomyopathy; cataract to Dilated cardiomyopathy (MONDO:0005021), RRAGC-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.873 | ATP5O | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ATP5O were changed from mitochondrial disease, ATP5F1E-related MONDO:0044970 to Mitochondrial complex V (ATP synthase) deficiency, nuclear type 7, MIM# 620359 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.870 | SLITRK2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: SLITRK2 were changed from Neurodevelopmental disorder, SLITRK2-related MONDO:0700092 to Intellectual developmental disorder, X-linked 111, MIM# 301107 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.869 | AMFR |
Yetong Chen gene: AMFR was added gene: AMFR was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: AMFR was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: AMFR were set to 37119330 Phenotypes for gene: AMFR were set to Hereditary spastic paraplegia, MONDO:0019064 Review for gene: AMFR was set to GREEN Added comment: PMID 37119330 reports 20 individuals harbouring AMFR variants from 8 unrelated, consanguineous families. All patients had early disease onset (<3 years), including motor delay, lower limb hyperreflexia and spastic paraplegia that match the typical phenotypes of hereditary spastic paraplegia. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.862 | ZCCHC8 | Bryony Thompson Phenotypes for gene: ZCCHC8 were changed from Pulmonary fibrosis to pulmonary fibrosis and/or bone marrow failure, telomere-related MONDO:0000148 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.861 | ZCCHC8 | Bryony Thompson edited their review of gene: ZCCHC8: Changed phenotypes: pulmonary fibrosis and/or bone marrow failure, telomere-related MONDO:0000148 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.855 | RRAGC | Naomi Baker reviewed gene: RRAGC: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID:37057673, 27234373, 33057194; Phenotypes: Dilated cardiomyopathy (MONDO:0005021), RRAGC-related; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.854 | DNAH7 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: DNAH7 were changed from non-syndromic male infertility due to sperm motility disorder (MONDO#0017173), DNAH7-related to Primary ciliary dyskinesia, MONDO:0016575, DNAH7-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.853 | DNAH7 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: DNAH7: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Primary ciliary dyskinesia, MONDO:0016575, DNAH7-related; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.853 | RARA |
Zornitza Stark commented on gene: RARA: PMID: 37086723 identified a recurrent, heterozygous de novo missense variant in the RARA gene - c.865G>A; (p.Gly289Arg) - in two unrelated individuals. The variant is absent from gnomAD, highly conserved, major grantham score (125) and is located in the hormone receptor domain (DECIPHER). Both individuals had severe craniosynostosis (sagittal or bicoronal). Other shared phenotypic features included: - Limb anomalies (rocker-bottom feet, bowing of the legs, and short upper/lower limbs) - Additional craniofacial manifestations(microtia, conductive hearing loss, ankyloglossia, esotropia, hypoplastic nasal bones, and oligodontia) - Other additional anomalies included renal dysplasia with cysts, tracheomalacia, pulmonary arterial hypertension, developmental delays, hypotonia, cryptorchidism, seizures and adrenal insufficiency. The authors postulate a gain of function mechanism. No functional studies provided. The gene encodes the retinoic acid receptor. Overlapping phenotypic features in these 2 affected individuals with retinoic acid embryopathy noted by the authors. |
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| Mendeliome v1.850 | RARA |
Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: RARA: Added comment: PMID: 37086723 identified a recurrent, heterozygous de novo missense variant in the RARA gene - c.865G>A; (p.Gly289Arg) - in two unrelated individuals. The variant is absent from gnomAD, highly conserved, major grantham score (125) and is located in the hormone receptor domain (DECIPHER). Both individuals had severe craniosynostosis (sagittal or bicoronal). Other shared phenotypic features included: - Limb anomalies (rocker-bottom feet, bowing of the legs, and short upper/lower limbs) - Additional craniofacial manifestations(microtia, conductive hearing loss, ankyloglossia, esotropia, hypoplastic nasal bones, and oligodontia) - Other additional anomalies included renal dysplasia with cysts, tracheomalacia, pulmonary arterial hypertension, developmental delays, hypotonia, cryptorchidism, seizures and adrenal insufficiency. The authors postulate a gain of function mechanism. No functional studies provided. The gene encodes the retinoic acid receptor. Overlapping phenotypic features in these 2 affected individuals with retinoic acid embryopathy noted by the authors.; Changed rating: AMBER; Changed publications: 31343737, 37086723; Changed phenotypes: Craniosynostosis - MONDO:0015469, Syndromic chorioretinal coloboma; Changed mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted |
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| Mendeliome v1.850 | PMEPA1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: PMEPA1 were changed from Familial thoracic aortic aneurysm disease (FTAAD); Loeys-Dietz syndrome to Hereditary disorder of connective tissue, MONDO:0023603, PMEPA1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.849 | PMEPA1 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: PMEPA1: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Hereditary disorder of connective tissue, MONDO:0023603, PMEPA1-related; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.848 | NAF1 |
Bryony Thompson gene: NAF1 was added gene: NAF1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: NAF1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: NAF1 were set to 27510903 Phenotypes for gene: NAF1 were set to Pulmonary fibrosis and/or bone marrow failure, telomere-related MONDO:0000148 Review for gene: NAF1 was set to GREEN Added comment: At least 3 probands/families with telomere-related pulmonary fibrosis and a supporting mouse model PMID: 27510903 - 5 individuals from 2 unrelated families with pulmonary fibrosis-emphysema and extrapulmonary manifestations including myelodysplastic syndrome and liver disease, with LoF variants. Truncated NAF1 was detected in cells derived from patients, and, in cells in which a frameshift mutation was introduced by genome editing telomerase RNA levels were reduced. Shortened telomere length also segregated with the variants. A Naf1+/- mouse model had reduced telomerase RNA levels ClinVar - 1 nonsense and 2 splice site variants (ID: 2443185, 1338525, 2443184) called LP by the Genetic Services Laboratory, University of Chicago but no clinical details were provided - SCV002547372.1 - Garcia Pulmonary Genetics Research Laboratory, Columbia University Irving Medical Center - at least one individual with pulmonary fibrosis and leukocyte telomere length (by qPCR) less than 10th percentile age-adjusted Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v1.839 | CBX1 |
Daniel Flanagan gene: CBX1 was added gene: CBX1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: CBX1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: CBX1 were set to PMID: 37087635 Phenotypes for gene: CBX1 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO#0700092), CBX1-related Review for gene: CBX1 was set to GREEN Added comment: Three different de novo missense variants identified in three unrelated individuals with developmental delay, hypotonia, autistic features, and variable dysmorphic features such as broad forehead and head circumference above average. Mutant mice displayed increased latency-to-peak response, suggesting the possibility of synaptic delay or myelination deficits. Functional studies confirmed the reduction of mutant HP1β binding to heterochromatin. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v1.837 | DNAH7 |
Chern Lim gene: DNAH7 was added gene: DNAH7 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: DNAH7 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: DNAH7 were set to 34476482; 35543642 Phenotypes for gene: DNAH7 were set to non-syndromic male infertility due to sperm motility disorder (MONDO#0017173), DNAH7-related Review for gene: DNAH7 was set to GREEN gene: DNAH7 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: PMID: 34476482 (Wei et al 2021): - Hom/chet missense DNAH7 variants in three unrelated infertile patients with idiopathic asthenozoospermia, presented with primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD)-associated symptoms. - Functional studies showed expression of DNAH7 in the spermatozoa from the DNAH7-defective patients was significantly decreased. PMID: 35543642 (Gao et al 2022): - One proband with idiopathic asthenozoospermia, presented a history of PCD-like symptoms. Hom frameshift variant predicted to cause NMD, both parents are heterozygous. - Immunofluorescent staining showed DNAH7 signal significantly decreased or was even completely absent in the sperm from the investigated patient. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.837 | MRPL39 |
Lilian Downie changed review comment from: AR 3 unrelated individuals, confirmed variants in trans Functional studies on patient fibroblasts Multisystem disease, variable onset 2x infants with a clinical diagnosis of Leigh syndrome (congestive cardiac failure, increased lactates, seizures, apnea, poor feeding, and global developmental delay, leading to early death (< 1 year of age)) Adult with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, lactic acidosis, ADHD Sources: Literature; to: AR 3 unrelated individuals, confirmed variants in trans Functional studies on patient fibroblasts Multisystem disease, variable onset 2x infants with a clinical diagnosis of Leigh syndrome (congestive cardiac failure, increased lactates, seizures, apnea, poor feeding, and global developmental delay, leading to early death (< 1 year of age)) Adult with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, lactic acidosis, ADHD Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.836 | INTS11 |
Melanie Marty changed review comment from: PMID: 37054711 - 15 individuals from 10 unrelated families with bi-allelic variants in INTS11 with global developmental and language delay, intellectual disability, impaired motor development, and brain atrophy.; to: PMID: 37054711 - 15 individuals from 10 unrelated families with bi-allelic variants in INTS11 with global developmental and language delay, intellectual disability, impaired motor development, and brain atrophy. Functional studies in Drosophila showed that dIntS11 (fly ortholog of INTS11) is essential and expressed in the central nervous systems in a subset of neurons and most glia in larval and adult stages. |
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| Mendeliome v1.836 | SRSF1 |
Paul De Fazio gene: SRSF1 was added gene: SRSF1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SRSF1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Publications for gene: SRSF1 were set to 37071997 Phenotypes for gene: SRSF1 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder, SRSF1-related MONDO:0700092 Review for gene: SRSF1 was set to GREEN gene: SRSF1 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: 17 individuals from 16 families reported with mostly de novo variants. Variants were a mixture of missense, nonsense/frameshift (both NMD-predicted and not NMD-predicted) and microdeletions. In one family, only one parent was available for testing. In another family, 2 affected siblings had the variant but the variant was not identified in either parent suggesting germline mosaicism. Functional testing of a subset of variants in Drosophila supported pathogenicity in most, but 2 missense variants showed no functional effect and were classified VUS. Episignature analysis (EpiSign) on patient DNA from blood showed a specific DNA methylation signature in patients with the variants classified pathogenic but not those classified VUS. Phenotypes included mainly neurological abnormalities (mild to moderate ID/dev delay, motor delay, speech delay, and behavioural disorders) and facial dysmorphisms. Other features included hypotonia (11/16), variable brain abnormalities on MRI (6/12), variable cardiac malformations (6/14). urogenital malformations e.g. hypospadias, cryptorchidism (6/13), scoliosis (5/17) and/or variable other skeletal abnormalities (10/17). Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.834 | GPR156 |
Anna Ritchie gene: GPR156 was added gene: GPR156 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: GPR156 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: GPR156 were set to PMID: 36928819 Phenotypes for gene: GPR156 were set to Sensorineural hearing loss, MONDO:60700002, GPR156-related Review for gene: GPR156 was set to GREEN Added comment: Eight affected individuals from three unrelated families with congenital nonsyndromic bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. Homozygous or compound heterozygous loss of function variants were reported in these families. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.834 | MRPL39 |
Lilian Downie changed review comment from: AR 3 unrelated individuals, confirmed variants in trans Functional studies on patient fibroblasts Multisystem disease, variable onset 2x infants with a clinical diagnosis of Leigh syndrome (MIM 256000) Adult with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, lactic acidosis, ADHD Sources: Literature; to: AR 3 unrelated individuals, confirmed variants in trans Functional studies on patient fibroblasts Multisystem disease, variable onset 2x infants with a clinical diagnosis of Leigh syndrome (congestive cardiac failure, increased lactates, seizures, apnea, poor feeding, and global developmental delay, leading to early death (< 1 year of age)) Adult with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, lactic acidosis, ADHD Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.834 | MRPL39 |
Lilian Downie gene: MRPL39 was added gene: MRPL39 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: MRPL39 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: MRPL39 were set to PMID: 37133451 Phenotypes for gene: MRPL39 were set to Leigh syndrome MONDO:0009723 Added comment: AR 3 unrelated individuals, confirmed variants in trans Functional studies on patient fibroblasts Multisystem disease, variable onset 2x infants with a clinical diagnosis of Leigh syndrome (MIM 256000) Adult with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, lactic acidosis, ADHD Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.833 | ERG | Ain Roesley Phenotypes for gene: ERG were changed from to primary lymphoedema MONDO#0019175, ERG-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.831 | ERG | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: ERG: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 36928819; Phenotypes: primary lymphoedema MONDO#0019175, ERG-related; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.830 | GATAD2A |
Bryony Thompson gene: GATAD2A was added gene: GATAD2A was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: GATAD2A was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: GATAD2A were set to https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xhgg.2023.100198; 17565372 Phenotypes for gene: GATAD2A were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, GATAD2A-related Review for gene: GATAD2A was set to GREEN Added comment: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xhgg.2023.100198 - Five unrelated individuals with a neurodevelopmental disorder identified with 3 missense & 2 LoF (4 de novo & 1 unknown inheritance). The shared clinical features with variable expressivity include global developmental delay (4/4), craniofacial dysmorphism (3/5), structural brain defects (2/3), musculoskeletal anomalies (3/5), vision/hearing defects (2/3), gastrointestinal/renal defects (2/3). Loss of function is the expected mechanism of disease. In vitro assays of one of the missense variants (p.Cys420Tyr) demonstrates disruption of GATAD2A integration with CHD3, CHD4, and CHD5 PMID: 17565372 - null mouse model is embryonic lethal. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.819 | INTS11 |
Achchuthan Shanmugasundram gene: INTS11 was added gene: INTS11 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: INTS11 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: INTS11 were set to 37054711 Review for gene: INTS11 was set to GREEN Added comment: Comment on gene rating: This gene should be rated GREEN in Intellectual disability panel as it has 10 unrelated cases and functional evidence in support of this association. PMID:37054711 reported ten unrelated families with biallelic variants in INTS11 gene and they present with intellectual disability, global developmental and language delay, impaired motor development, and brain atrophy. Functional studies in Drosophila showed that dIntS11 (fly ortholog of INTS11) is essential and expressed in the central nervous systems in a subset of neurons and most glia in larval and adult stages. In addition, genes with two variants (p.Arg17Leu and p.His414Tyr) fail to rescue the lethality of null mutants in the Drosophila model, indicating that they are strong loss-of-function variants. The other five variants (p.Gly55Ser, p.Leu138Phe, p.Lys396Glu, p.Val517Met and p.Ile553Glu) rescue lethality but cause a shortened lifespan and bang sensitivity and affect locomotor activity, indicating that they are partial loss-of-function variants. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.817 | MED11 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: MED11 were changed from neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO#0700092, MED11-related to Neurodegeneration with developmental delay, early respiratory failure, myoclonic seizures, and brain abnormalities, MIM# 620327 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.814 | MARS | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: MARS: Added comment: Six individuals from two unrelated families reported with SPG.; Changed publications: 23729695, 24354524, 29655802, 24103465, 25913036, 24482476, 34585293; Changed phenotypes: Interstitial lung and liver disease, MIM#615486, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, axonal, type 2U, MIM# 616280, Spastic paraplegia 70, autosomal recessive, MIM# 620323 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.814 | WARS | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: WARS were changed from Neuronopathy, distal hereditary motor, type IX (OMIM:617721); juvenile to adult onset (15-23 years); Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO:0700092), WARS-related to Neuronopathy, distal hereditary motor, type IX (OMIM:617721); juvenile to adult onset (15-23 years); Neurodevelopmental disorder withmicrocephaly and speech delay, with or without brain abnormalities, MIM# 620317 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.809 | DNAJB4 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: DNAJB4 were changed from Myopathy, MONDO:0005336, DNAJB4-related to Congenital myopathy 21 with early respiratory failure, MIM# 620326 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.807 | KDM5A |
Achchuthan Shanmugasundram gene: KDM5A was added gene: KDM5A was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: KDM5A was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: KDM5A were set to 21937992; 33350388 Phenotypes for gene: KDM5A were set to autism spectrum disorder, MONDO:0005258; intellectual disability, MONDO:0001071 Review for gene: KDM5A was set to GREEN Added comment: PMID:21937992 reported a family with recessive missense KDM5A variant presenting with an undefined developmental disorder characterised with intellectual disability and facial dysmorphisms. PMID:33350388 reported nine patients from seven unrelated families identified with variants in KDM5A, of which three unrelated patients harboured heterozygous variants, while six patients from four unrelated families had homozygous variants. These patients presented with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and a spectrum of neurodevelopmental phenotypes including intellectual disability, lack of speech, developmental delay and motor impairment. In addition, loss of KDM5A has resulted in repetitive behaviors, sociability deficits, cognitive dysfunction, and abnormal dendritic morphogenesis in mice. This gene has already been associated with phenotype in Gene2Phenotype (biallelic inheritance with 'limited' rating), but not in OMIM. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.807 | ROBO1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ROBO1 were changed from Congenital heart disease; Pituitary anomalies; Nystagmus 8, congenital, autosomal recessive, MIM# 257400; intellectual disability, MONDO:0001071 to Pituitary hormone deficiency, combined or isolated, 8, MIM# 620303; Nystagmus 8, congenital, autosomal recessive, MIM# 257400; Neurooculorenal syndrome, MIM# 620305 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.806 | ROBO1 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: ROBO1: Changed phenotypes: Pituitary hormone deficiency, combined or isolated, 8, MIM# 620303, Nystagmus 8, congenital, autosomal recessive, MIM# 257400, Neurooculorenal syndrome, MIM# 620305 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.803 | CAMSAP1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: CAMSAP1 were changed from lissencephaly spectrum disorders (MONDO:0018838), CAMSAP1-related to Cortical dysplasia, complex, with other brain malformations 12, MIM# 620316 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.798 | LYN | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: LYN were changed from to Vasculitis, MONDO:0018882, LYN-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.794 | LYN | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: LYN: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 36932076, 36122175; Phenotypes: Vasculitis, MONDO:0018882, LYN-related; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.793 | MAP3K3 |
Zornitza Stark gene: MAP3K3 was added gene: MAP3K3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature somatic tags were added to gene: MAP3K3. Mode of inheritance for gene: MAP3K3 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: MAP3K3 were set to 33729480; 35355835; 33891857; 36995941; 10700190; 25728774 Phenotypes for gene: MAP3K3 were set to Cerebral malformation, MONDO:0016054, MAP3K3-related Mode of pathogenicity for gene: MAP3K3 was set to Other Review for gene: MAP3K3 was set to GREEN Added comment: Recurrent somatic missense variant (p.I441M) identified in sporadic cases of cerebral and spinal cavernous malformation. Recent publication demonstrates that this missense variant can drive CCM formation (in vitro and in vivo studies). Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.789 | ACTC1 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: ACTC1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Atrial septal defect 5 MIM#612794, Cardiomyopathy, dilated, 1R MIM#613424, Cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic, 11 MIM#612098, ACTC1 related distal arthrogryposis MONDO:0019942; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.789 | RNH1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: RNH1 were changed from RNH1-related disorder to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, RNH1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.788 | RNH1 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: RNH1: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, RNH1-related; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.788 | POLR1A | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: POLR1A were changed from Acrofacial dysostosis, Cincinnati type, (MIM#616462); Leukodystrophy to Acrofacial dysostosis, Cincinnati type, (MIM#616462); Leukodystrophy MONDO:0019046, POLR1A-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.785 | POLR1A | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: POLR1A: Changed rating: GREEN; Changed phenotypes: Leukodystrophy MONDO:0019046, POLR1A-related, Acrofacial dysostosis, Cincinnati type, (MIM#616462); Changed mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.785 | FILIP1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: FILIP1 were changed from Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita MONDO:0015168 to Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita MONDO:0015168, FILIP1 related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.781 | VWA8 |
Dean Phelan gene: VWA8 was added gene: VWA8 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: VWA8 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: VWA8 were set to PMID: 37012052 Phenotypes for gene: VWA8 were set to Retinitis pigmentosa (MONDO:0019200), VWA8-related Review for gene: VWA8 was set to AMBER Added comment: PMID: 37012052 - Single family with 11 affected patients, 9 - 87y, all presented initial symptoms of night blindness, visual field defects and reduced visual acuity later, macular changes, including macular degeneration and dystrophy. A heterozygous two-loci variant in VWA8 c.3070G>A;c.4558C>T (p.Gly1024Arg; p.Arg1520Ter) was identified and segregated with disease. Expression studies showed reduced protein expression. Zebrafish knockout model displayed an RP phenotype. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.781 | MKL2 |
Dean Phelan gene: MKL2 was added gene: MKL2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: MKL2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: MKL2 were set to PMID: 37013900 Phenotypes for gene: MKL2 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO:0700092), MKL2-related Mode of pathogenicity for gene: MKL2 was set to Other Review for gene: MKL2 was set to AMBER Added comment: PMID: 37013900 - de novo missense variants in MKL2 (now known as MRTFB) were identified in two patients with mild dysmorphic features, intellectual disability, global developmental delay, speech apraxia, and impulse control issues. Functional studies in a Drosophila model suggest a gain of function disease mechanism. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.776 | CEP162 |
Paul De Fazio gene: CEP162 was added gene: CEP162 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: CEP162 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: CEP162 were set to 36862503 Phenotypes for gene: CEP162 were set to Retinitis pigmentosa MONDO:0019200, CEP162-related Penetrance for gene: CEP162 were set to unknown Review for gene: CEP162 was set to AMBER gene: CEP162 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: 2 patients from reportedly unrelated consanguineous Moroccan families with the same homozygous frameshift variant reported with late-onset retinal degeneration. Patient 1 was diagnosed with RP at age 60, patient 2 at age 69. Both reported loss of visual acuity in the years prior. Immunoblotting of cell lysates from patient fibroblasts showed that some mutant transcript escaped NMD. Functional testing showed that the truncated protein could bind microtubules but was unable to associate with centrioles or its interaction partner CEP290. Patient fibroblasts were shown to have delayed ciliation. Mutant protein was unable to rescue loss of cilia in CEP162 knockdown mice supporting that the mutant protein does not retain any ciliary function, however additional data supported that the truncated protein was able to bind microtubules and function normally during neuroretinal development. The authors suggest this likely underlies the late-onset RP in both patients. Rated Amber because only a single variant has been reported in patients who may or may not be related (same ethnic background). Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.776 | ACTC1 |
Lilian Downie gene: ACTC1 was added gene: ACTC1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ACTC1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: ACTC1 were set to PMID: 36945405 Phenotypes for gene: ACTC1 were set to Atrial septal defect 5 MIM#612794; Cardiomyopathy, dilated, 1R MIM#613424; Cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic, 11 MIM#612098; ACTC1 related distal arthrogryposis MONDO:0019942 Review for gene: ACTC1 was set to GREEN Added comment: ClinGen definitive association with HCM, moderate for DCM 5 new families (8 individuals) with a distral arthrogryposis phenotype (PMID: 36945405) multiple congenital contractures, neck pterygia, scoliosis, and congenital heart defects/cardiomyopathy facial features: microretrognathia, ptosis, downslanting palpebral fissures, low-set ears, and a long nasal bridge All missense variants Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.775 | POLR1A | Lucy Spencer reviewed gene: POLR1A: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 28051070, 36917474; Phenotypes: Leukodystrophy MONDO:0019046, POLR1A-related; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.775 | ESAM |
Chern Lim gene: ESAM was added gene: ESAM was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ESAM was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: ESAM were set to 36996813 Phenotypes for gene: ESAM were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO#0700092), ESAM-related Review for gene: ESAM was set to GREEN gene: ESAM was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: PMID 36996813 - Thirteen affected individuals, including four fetuses, from eight unrelated families, with homozygous loss-of-function-type variants in ESAM – 2 of the variants are frameshifts, 1x nonsense, 1x canonical splice. - Affected individuals have profound global developmental delay/unspecified intellectual disability, epilepsy, absent or severely delayed speech, varying degrees of spasticity, ventriculomegaly, and ICH/cerebral calcifications, the latter being also observed in the fetuses. - One of the frameshift variant c.115del (p.Arg39Glyfs*33), was detected in six individuals from four unrelated families from the same geographic region in Turkey (southeastern Anatolia), suggesting a founder effect. - The c.451+1G>A variant was detected in three individuals from two independent families with the same ethnic origin (Arab Bedouin) Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.774 | SNAPC4 |
Ee Ming Wong changed review comment from: - Ten individuals from eight families with neurodevelopmental disorder found to be compound heterozygous for variants in SNAPC4 - Identified variants included 6x missense, 1x nonsense, 1x frameshift and 6x splice - Depletion of SNAPC4 levels in HeLa cell lines via genomic editing led to decreased snRNA expression and global dysregulation of alternative splicing, similarly observed in patient fibroblasts Sources: Literature; to: - Ten individuals from eight families with neurodevelopmental disorder found to be biallelic for variants in SNAPC4 - Identified variants included 6x missense, 1x nonsense, 1x frameshift and 6x splice - Depletion of SNAPC4 levels in HeLa cell lines via genomic editing led to decreased snRNA expression and global dysregulation of alternative splicing, similarly observed in patient fibroblasts Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.774 | DOCK11 |
Lucy Spencer gene: DOCK11 was added gene: DOCK11 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: DOCK11 was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females Publications for gene: DOCK11 were set to 36952639 Phenotypes for gene: DOCK11 were set to autoimmune disease MONDO:0007179, DOCK11-related Review for gene: DOCK11 was set to GREEN Added comment: 8 male patients from 7 unrelated families all with hemizygous DOCK11 missense variants. 6 mothers were tested and found to carry the same missense. Early onset autoimmuniy with cytopenia, systemic lupus erythematosus, and skin and digestive manifestations. Patients platelets had abnormal morphology and spreading as well as impaired CDC42 activity. In vitro activated T cells and B lymphoblastoid cell lines (B-LCL) of patients exhibited aberrant protrusions and abnormal migration speed in confined channels concomitant with altered actin polymerization during migration. A DOCK11 knock-down recapitulated these abnormal cellular phenotypes in monocytes-derived dendritic cells (MDDC) and primary activated T cells from healthy controls. 6 of the variants are either absent or have only 1 het in gnomad v2, but one of them has 2 hemis and 1 het. The patient with this variant R1885C does seem to be more mild. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.774 | FILIP1 | Paul De Fazio edited their review of gene: FILIP1: Changed phenotypes: Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita MONDO:0015168, FILIP1 related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.774 | SNAPC4 |
Ee Ming Wong gene: SNAPC4 was added gene: SNAPC4 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SNAPC4 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SNAPC4 were set to 36965478 Phenotypes for gene: SNAPC4 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO#0700092), SNAPC4-related Review for gene: SNAPC4 was set to GREEN gene: SNAPC4 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: - Ten individuals from eight families with neurodevelopmental disorder found to be compound heterozygous for variants in SNAPC4 - Identified variants included 6x missense, 1x nonsense, 1x frameshift and 6x splice - Depletion of SNAPC4 levels in HeLa cell lines via genomic editing led to decreased snRNA expression and global dysregulation of alternative splicing, similarly observed in patient fibroblasts Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.774 | DAAM2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: DAAM2 were changed from Nephrotic syndrome, type 24, MIM# 619263; steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) to Nephrotic syndrome, type 24, MIM# 619263; steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS); Androgen insensitivity syndrome, MONDO:0019154, DAAM2-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.773 | RNH1 |
Krithika Murali gene: RNH1 was added gene: RNH1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: RNH1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: RNH1 were set to PMID: 36935417 Phenotypes for gene: RNH1 were set to RNH1-related disorder Review for gene: RNH1 was set to AMBER Added comment: PMID: 36935417 report two siblings from a consanguineous Somali family with homozygous RNH1 splice site variant (c.615-2A>C) with congenital cataracts, global developmental delay, hypotonia, seizures (focal and generalised) and regression in the context of infection. RT-PCR and RNASeq of skeletal muscle supported exon 7 skipping with an in-frame deletion involving 57 amino acids with reduced expression on Western blot analysis. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.771 | DAAM2 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: DAAM2: Added comment: AIS: 6 unrelated individuals with extensive functional data.; Changed publications: 33232676, 36972684; Changed phenotypes: Nephrotic syndrome, type 24, MIM# 619263, Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS), Androgen insensitivity syndrome, MONDO:0019154, DAAM2-related; Changed mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.765 | NPPA |
Chern Lim changed review comment from: PMID: 36303204: - 1x Brugada patient with heterozygous R107X (NMD-predicted, 5 hets in gnomADv3), regarded as ACMG-LP. PMID: 19646991: - NPPA S64R missense in one fam with familial AF, heterozygous in two affected family members but was absent in unaffected family members and their controls. This variant has 195 hets in gnomADv3. PMID: 23275345: - Segregation of the homozygous p.R150Q mutation of the NPPA gene with the phenotype in the 6 families with autosomal recessive AD cardiomyopathy (ADCM). This variant has no homozygotes in gnomAD. ClinGen gene curation: for autosomal recessive DCM - No Known Disease Relationship (09/04/2020).; to: PMID: 36303204: - 1x Brugada patient with heterozygous R107X (NMD-predicted, 5 hets in gnomADv3), regarded as ACMG-LP. PMID: 19646991: - NPPA S64R missense in one fam with familial AF, heterozygous in two affected family members but was absent in unaffected family members and their controls. This variant has >200 hets in gnomADv3. PMID: 23275345: - Segregation of the homozygous p.R150Q mutation of the NPPA gene with the phenotype in the 6 families with autosomal recessive AD cardiomyopathy (ADCM). This variant has no homozygotes in gnomAD. ClinGen gene curation: for autosomal recessive DCM - No Known Disease Relationship (09/04/2020). |
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| Mendeliome v1.763 | PPCS | Bryony Thompson reviewed gene: PPCS: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 35616428, 29754768; Phenotypes: Cardiomyopathy, dilated, 2C, MIM# 618189; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.763 | PPCDC |
Bryony Thompson gene: PPCDC was added gene: PPCDC was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: PPCDC was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: PPCDC were set to 36564894 Phenotypes for gene: PPCDC were set to dilated cardiomyopathy MONDO:0005021 Review for gene: PPCDC was set to RED Added comment: Single family reported with two siblings with a fatal cardiac phenotype including dilated cardiomyopathy with biallelic variants p.Thr53Pro and p.Ala95Val. Patient-derived fibroblasts showed an absence of PPCDC protein, and nearly 50% reductions in CoA levels. The cells showed clear energy deficiency problems, with defects in mitochondrial respiration, and mostly glycolytic ATP synthesis. Functional studies performed in yeast suggest these mutations to be functionally relevant. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.757 | NPPA | Chern Lim reviewed gene: NPPA: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 36303204, 19646991, 23275345; Phenotypes: Atrial fibrillation, familial, 6 (MIM#612201), AD, Atrial standstill 2 (MIM#615745), AR; Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.757 | RNF212B |
Sangavi Sivagnanasundram gene: RNF212B was added gene: RNF212B was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Other Mode of inheritance for gene: RNF212B was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: RNF212B were set to https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xhgg.2023.100189 Phenotypes for gene: RNF212B were set to Infertility disorder, MONDO:0005047 Review for gene: RNF212B was set to AMBER Added comment: Homozygous nonsense mutation (R150X) causative of oligoasthenotheratozoospermia (OAT) identified in three unrelated individuals (two of Jewish decent from the same consanguineous family). Drosophila ZIP3/RNF212 related gene paralogs (vilya, narya, nenya) showed loss of function in the RNF212B protein and promoted formation of DNA double-stand breaks. The mutant was shown to result in a reduction in fertility in the Drosophila paralogs. Note: RNF212B is reported to be exclusively expressed in the testes only compared to RNF212 which is reported in both the testes and ovaries. Sources: Other |
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| Mendeliome v1.757 | SLC31A1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: SLC31A1 were changed from Neurodevelopmental disorder, SLC31A1-related (MONDO#0700092) to Neurodegeneration and seizures due to copper transport defect, MIM# 620306 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.756 | HCK | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: HCK were changed from Autoinflammatory syndrome, MONDO:0019751, HCK-related to Autoinflammation with pulmonary and cutaneous vasculitis, MIM#620296 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.755 | PLXND1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: PLXND1 were changed from Möbius syndrome, MONDO:0008006; Congenital heart disease, MONDO:0005453, PLXND1-related to Möbius syndrome, MONDO:0008006; Congenital heart defects, multiple types, 9, MIM# 620294 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.754 | AGO1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: AGO1 were changed from Neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO:0700092, AGO1-related; non-syndromic ID and seizures to Neurodevelopmental disorder with language delay and behavioral abnormalities, with or without seizures, MIM# 620292 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.752 | PRDM10 |
Achchuthan Shanmugasundram gene: PRDM10 was added gene: PRDM10 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: PRDM10 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: PRDM10 were set to 36440963 Phenotypes for gene: PRDM10 were set to Fibrofolliculoma, HP:0030436; lipomatosis, MONDO:0006574; renal cell carcinoma, MONDO:0005086 Review for gene: PRDM10 was set to RED Added comment: PMID:36440963 reported a family presenting with skin and mucosal lesions, extensive lipomatosis and renal cell carcinomas. The proband was initially diagnosed with Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome (BHD, MIM #135150) based on the presence of fibrofolliculomas, but no pathogenic germline variant was detected in FLCN, the gene associated with BHD. A heterozygous missense variant (p.Cys677Tyr) was identified, which co-segregated with the phenotype in the family. Functional studies show that Cys677Tyr loses affinity for a regulatory binding motif in the FLCN promoter, abrogating cellular FLCN mRNA and protein levels. Overexpressing inducible PRDM10Cys677Tyr in renal epithelial cells altered the transcription of multiple genes, showing overlap but also differences with the effects of knocking out FLCN. This gene has not yet been associated with phenotypes either in OMIM or in Gene2Phenotype. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.751 | SLC26A7 |
Zornitza Stark gene: SLC26A7 was added gene: SLC26A7 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC26A7 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SLC26A7 were set to 34780050; 32486989; 31372509; 30333321 Phenotypes for gene: SLC26A7 were set to Congenital hypothyroidism, MONDO:0018612, SLC26A7-related Review for gene: SLC26A7 was set to GREEN Added comment: More than 10 unrelated families reported. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v1.748 | STX4 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: STX4 were changed from to Non-syndromic genetic hearing loss, MONDO:0019497, STX4-related. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.743 | THAP11 |
Zornitza Stark gene: THAP11 was added gene: THAP11 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: THAP11 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: THAP11 were set to 28449119 Phenotypes for gene: THAP11 were set to Inborn disorder of cobalamin metabolism and transport, MONDO:0019220, THAP11-related Review for gene: THAP11 was set to RED Added comment: Single individual reported with homozygous missense variant, supportive functional data. Sources: Expert Review |
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| Mendeliome v1.742 | RNPC3 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: RNPC3 were changed from Growth hormone deficiency; Intellectual disability to Pituitary hormone deficiency, combined or isolated, 7, MIM# 618160 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.741 | RNPC3 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: RNPC3: Changed phenotypes: Pituitary hormone deficiency, combined or isolated, 7, MIM# 618160 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.741 | UBE3C | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: UBE3C were changed from Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, UBE3C-related to Neurodevelopmental disorder with absent speech and movement and behavioral abnormalities, MIM# 620270 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.738 | MNX1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: MNX1 were changed from Currarino syndrome, MIM# 176450 to Currarino syndrome, MIM# 176450; Permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus, MONDO:0100164, MNX1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.736 | MNX1 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: MNX1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 36586106; Phenotypes: Permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus, MONDO:0100164, MNX1-related; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.735 | IRS4 |
Zornitza Stark gene: IRS4 was added gene: IRS4 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: IRS4 was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females Publications for gene: IRS4 were set to 30061370 Phenotypes for gene: IRS4 were set to Hypothyroidism, congenital, nongoitrous, 9, MIM# 301035 Review for gene: IRS4 was set to GREEN Added comment: Nongoitrous congenital hypothyroidism-9 (CHNG9) is characterized by a small thyroid gland with low free T4 (FT4) levels and inappropriately normal levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Five unrelated families reported. Sources: Expert Review |
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| Mendeliome v1.732 | SPTLC1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: SPTLC1 were changed from Neuropathy, hereditary sensory and autonomic, type IA, MIM# 162400; Serine palmitoyl transferase deficiency (Disorders of complex lipid synthesis) to Juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-27, MIM#620285; Neuropathy, hereditary sensory and autonomic, type IA, MIM# 162400; Serine palmitoyl transferase deficiency (Disorders of complex lipid synthesis) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.731 | SPTLC1 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: SPTLC1: Changed phenotypes: Juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-27, MIM#620285, Neuropathy, hereditary sensory and autonomic, type IA, MIM# 162400, Serine palmitoyl transferase deficiency (Disorders of complex lipid synthesis) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.727 | REPS1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: REPS1 was added gene: REPS1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: REPS1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: REPS1 were set to 29395073 Phenotypes for gene: REPS1 were set to Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation 7 , MIM# 617916 Review for gene: REPS1 was set to RED Added comment: Two siblings reported with compound het missense variants in this gene and a neurodegenerative course in childhood. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.722 | TLN1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: TLN1 were changed from idiopathic spontaneous coronary artery dissection MONDO:0007385 to idiopathic spontaneous coronary artery dissection MONDO:0007385; thrombocytopenia, MONDO:0002049, TLN1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.719 | DPYSL2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: DPYSL2 was added gene: DPYSL2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: DPYSL2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: DPYSL2 were set to 27249678; 35861646 Phenotypes for gene: DPYSL2 were set to intellectual disability, MONDO:0001071, DPYSL2-related Review for gene: DPYSL2 was set to AMBER Added comment: Two unrelated cases with monoallelic variants in DPYSL2/ CRMP2, supported by functional studies. However, the evidence is not sufficient for green rating as there are variants reported in other (but different) genes in the two patients. PMID:35861646 reported two cases identified with heterozygous variants (patient1: c.1693C>T (p.Arg565Cys); patient 2: c.42C>A (p.Ser14Arg). These patients had overlapping phenotypes including dysmorphic features, severe global developmental delay and hypoplasia of the corpus callosum. In addition, patient 2 was bed-ridden and could not roll out and had a history of myoclonic seizures and status epilepticus. It should be noted that patient 1 is compound heterozygous for 2 missense variants in the EFCAB5 gene and was hemizygous for a maternally inherited missense variant in the GPKOW gene and patient 2 had 1 de novo missense variant in the COBLL1 gene and was compound heterozygous for 2 missense variants in the POTEF gene. The severity of the phenotypes between the two cases differs significantly and the additional variants may have possibly contributed to this phenotype. Brain-specific Crmp2 knockout mice display neuronal development deficits and behavioural impairments associated with hypoplasia of the corpus callosum. In addition, functional studies performed in zebrafish and cell lines that the CRMP2 variants lead to the loss-of-function of CRMP2 protein and can cause intellectual disability. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.717 | RBSN |
Zornitza Stark gene: RBSN was added gene: RBSN was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: RBSN was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: RBSN were set to 25233840; 29784638; 35652444 Phenotypes for gene: RBSN were set to intellectual disability, MONDO:0001071, RBSN-related Review for gene: RBSN was set to GREEN Added comment: Four unrelated families reported, consistent feature is ID. PMID:25233840 reported a 6.5 year old female patient with a homozygous missense variant c.1273G > A (p.Gly425Arg) and her clinical presentation included intractable seizures, developmental delay, microcephaly, dysostosis, osteopenia, craniofacial dysmorphism, macrocytosis and megaloblastoid erythropoiesis. PMID:29784638 reported three siblings with homozygous variant c.289G>C (p.Gly97Arg) in RBSN. The proband presented global developmental delay, had complete 46,XY male-to-female sex reversal and died at age 20 months after multiple infections. The other 2 affected siblings underwent unrelated-donor bone marrow or stem cell transplantation at 8 and 6.5 months of age, respectively. Both have severe intellectual disability and are nonambulatory and nonverbal. PMID:35652444 reported two unrelated families (three siblings from a family of Iranian descent identified with homozygous variant c.547G>A (p.Gly183Arg) and four members from a family of indigenous Cree descent identified with homozygous variant c.538C>G (p.Arg180Gly)) with overlapping phenotypes including developmental delay, intellectual disability, distal motor axonal neuropathy and facial dysmorphism. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.715 | SRPRA |
Zornitza Stark gene: SRPRA was added gene: SRPRA was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SRPRA was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: SRPRA were set to 36223592 Phenotypes for gene: SRPRA were set to Schwachman-Diamond syndrome MONDO:0009833, SRPA-related Review for gene: SRPRA was set to AMBER Added comment: De novo variant; zebrafish model. Schwachman-Diamond like. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.713 | SRP19 |
Zornitza Stark gene: SRP19 was added gene: SRP19 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SRP19 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SRP19 were set to 36223592 Phenotypes for gene: SRP19 were set to Neutropenia, MONDO:0001475, SRP19-related Review for gene: SRP19 was set to AMBER Added comment: Five individuals from two branches of a consanguineous family, good segregation data. Zebrafish model. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.711 | EPHA10 |
Achchuthan Shanmugasundram changed review comment from: Comment on rating: This gene should be rated RED as this gene has been associated with post-lingual autosomal dominant non-syndromic hearing loss from a single family, and supported by functional studies. PMID:36048850 reported the identification of a heterozygous non-coding variant c.-81_-73delinsAGC cosegregating with hearing loss. Although variants have been identified in KIF17 and USP48 in several members of this family, they did not cosegregate with hearing loss. One affected member of this family had an ideal hearing restoration after cochlear implantation. Epha10 was expressed in mouse cochlea at both transcription and translation levels. In addition, EPHA10 mRNA was detected upregulated in patients compared with controls by qRT-PCR. Overexpression of Eph (the homolog of human EPHA10) altered the structure and function of chordotonal organ (equivalent to mammalian auditory organs) in fly model. These functional evidence suggests that 'gain of function' may be responsible for the hearing loss phenotype. This gene has not yet been associated with any phenotypes in OMIM or Gene2Phenotype. Sources: Literature; to: Comment on rating: This gene should be rated RED as this gene has been associated with post-lingual autosomal dominant non-syndromic hearing loss from a single family, and supported by functional studies. PMID:36048850 reported the identification of a heterozygous non-coding variant c.-81_-73delinsAGC cosegregating with hearing loss. Although variants have been identified in KIF17 and USP48 in several members of this family, they did not cosegregate with hearing loss. One affected member of this family had an ideal hearing restoration after cochlear implantation. Epha10 was expressed in mouse cochlea at both transcription and translation levels. In addition, EPHA10 mRNA was detected upregulated in patients compared with controls by qRT-PCR. Overexpression of Eph (the homolog of human EPHA10) altered the structure and function of chordotonal organ (equivalent to mammalian auditory organs) in fly model. Particularly, Eph overexpressed flies had a poorer performance compared to controls in negative geotaxis assay. These functional evidence suggests that 'gain of function' may be responsible for the hearing loss phenotype. This gene has not yet been associated with any phenotypes in OMIM or Gene2Phenotype. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.711 | OXR1 |
Achchuthan Shanmugasundram changed review comment from: Comment on gene rating: This gene should be rated AMBER as there is one case and supportive functional data to associate OXR1 with hearing loss. A four years old girl was identified with a novel homozygous missense variant (c.233A > G, p.Lys78Arg) in OXR1 gene and was reported with sensorineural hearing loss. Functional studies in zebrafish model showed that the ortholog orx1b gene is expressed in the statoacoustic ganglion (SAG, a sensory ganglion of ear) and posterior lateral line ganglion (pLL). In addition, knockdown of oxr1b resulted in a significant developmental defect of SAG and pLL and this phenotype was rescued by co-injection of wild-type human OXR1 mRNAs, but not mutant OXR1 (c.233A > G) mRNAs.; to: Comment on gene rating: This gene should be rated AMBER as there is one case and supportive functional data to associate OXR1 with hearing loss. A four years old girl was identified with a novel homozygous missense variant (c.233A > G, p.Lys78Arg) in OXR1 gene and was reported with sensorineural hearing loss. Functional studies in zebrafish model showed that the ortholog orx1b gene is expressed in the statoacoustic ganglion (SAG, a sensory ganglion of ear) and posterior lateral line ganglion (pLL). In addition, knockdown of oxr1b resulted in a significant developmental defect of SAG and pLL and this phenotype was rescued by co-injection of wild-type human OXR1 mRNAs, but not mutant OXR1 (c.233A > G) mRNAs. This gene has not yet been associated with hearing loss either in OMIM or in Gene2Phenotype. |
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| Mendeliome v1.711 | EPHA10 |
Achchuthan Shanmugasundram changed review comment from: Comment on rating: This gene should be rated RED as this gene has been associated with post-lingual autosomal dominant non-syndromic hearing loss from a single family, and supported by functional studies. PMID:36048850 reported the identification of a heterozygous non-coding variant c.-81_-73delinsAGC cosegregating with hearing loss. Although variants have been identified in KIF17 and USP48 in several members of this family, they did not cosegregate with hearing loss. One affected member of this family had an ideal hearing restoration after cochlear implantation. Epha10 was expressed in mouse cochlea at both transcription and translation levels. In addition, EPHA10 mRNA was detected upregulated in patients compared with controls by qRT-PCR. Overexpression of Eph (the homolog of human EPHA10) altered the structure and function of chordotonal organ (equivalent to mammalian auditory organs) in fly model. These functional evidence suggests that 'gain of function' may be responsible for the hearing loss phenotype. This gene has not yet been associated with any phenotypes in OMIM or Gene2Phenotype. Sources: Literature; to: Comment on rating: This gene should be rated RED as this gene has been associated with post-lingual autosomal dominant non-syndromic hearing loss from a single family, and supported by functional studies. PMID:36048850 reported the identification of a heterozygous non-coding variant c.-81_-73delinsAGC cosegregating with hearing loss. Although variants have been identified in KIF17 and USP48 in several members of this family, they did not cosegregate with hearing loss. One affected member of this family had an ideal hearing restoration after cochlear implantation. Epha10 was expressed in mouse cochlea at both transcription and translation levels. In addition, EPHA10 mRNA was detected upregulated in patients compared with controls by qRT-PCR. Overexpression of Eph (the homolog of human EPHA10) altered the structure and function of chordotonal organ (equivalent to mammalian auditory organs) in fly model. These functional evidence suggests that 'gain of function' may be responsible for the hearing loss phenotype. This gene has not yet been associated with any phenotypes in OMIM or Gene2Phenotype. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.711 | EPHA10 |
Achchuthan Shanmugasundram gene: EPHA10 was added gene: EPHA10 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: EPHA10 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: EPHA10 were set to 36048850 Phenotypes for gene: EPHA10 were set to postlingual non-syndromic genetic hearing loss, MONDO:0016298 Mode of pathogenicity for gene: EPHA10 was set to Loss-of-function variants (as defined in pop up message) DO NOT cause this phenotype - please provide details in the comments Review for gene: EPHA10 was set to RED Added comment: Comment on rating: This gene should be rated RED as this gene has been associated with post-lingual autosomal dominant non-syndromic hearing loss from a single family, and supported by functional studies. PMID:36048850 reported the identification of a heterozygous non-coding variant c.-81_-73delinsAGC cosegregating with hearing loss. Although variants have been identified in KIF17 and USP48 in several members of this family, they did not cosegregate with hearing loss. One affected member of this family had an ideal hearing restoration after cochlear implantation. Epha10 was expressed in mouse cochlea at both transcription and translation levels. In addition, EPHA10 mRNA was detected upregulated in patients compared with controls by qRT-PCR. Overexpression of Eph (the homolog of human EPHA10) altered the structure and function of chordotonal organ (equivalent to mammalian auditory organs) in fly model. These functional evidence suggests that 'gain of function' may be responsible for the hearing loss phenotype. This gene has not yet been associated with any phenotypes in OMIM or Gene2Phenotype. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.710 | ATP5B |
Zornitza Stark gene: ATP5B was added gene: ATP5B was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ATP5B was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: ATP5B were set to 36860166 Phenotypes for gene: ATP5B were set to Inherited dystonia, MONDO:0044807, ATP5B-related Review for gene: ATP5B was set to AMBER Added comment: Two families only, clinical presentation with dystonia; incomplete penetrance observed. Some functional data. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.706 | PLXND1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: PLXND1 were changed from Möbius syndrome to Möbius syndrome, MONDO:0008006; Congenital heart disease, MONDO:0005453, PLXND1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.703 | PLXND1 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: PLXND1: Changed phenotypes: Möbius syndrome, Congenital heart disease, MONDO:0005453, PLXND1-related; Changed mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.703 | ZNF143 |
Zornitza Stark gene: ZNF143 was added gene: ZNF143 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ZNF143 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: ZNF143 were set to 27349184 Phenotypes for gene: ZNF143 were set to Combined methylmalonic acidemia and homocystinuria, cblX like 1, MONDO:0002012, ZNF143-related Review for gene: ZNF143 was set to RED Added comment: Single individual reported with compound heterozygous variants. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.702 | PLXND1 |
Achchuthan Shanmugasundram changed review comment from: 10 individuals including four foetal cases from five unrelated families were identified with biallelic variants in PLXND1 gene and they presented with cardiac defects. The most frequent defect is common arterial trunk (CAT), which is also known as truncus arteriosus, a conotruncal malformation characterized by a single vessel exiting both ventricles. This gene has already been associated with PLXND1-related cardiac malformation syndrome with the confidence category of 'strong' in DD panel of Gene2Phenotype. However, no relevant phenotypes have been currently reported in OMIM.; to: 10 individuals including four foetal cases from five unrelated families were identified with biallelic variants in PLXND1 gene and they presented with cardiac defects. The most frequent defect is common arterial trunk (CAT), which is also known as truncus arteriosus, a conotruncal malformation characterized by a single vessel exiting both ventricles. This gene has already been associated with PLXND1-related cardiac malformation syndrome with the confidence category of 'strong' in DD panel of Gene2Phenotype. However, no relevant phenotypes have been currently reported in OMIM. |
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| Mendeliome v1.702 | PLXND1 |
Achchuthan Shanmugasundram changed review comment from: 10 individuals including four foetal cases from five unrelated families were identified with biallelic variants in PLXND1 gene and they presented with cardiac defects. The most frequent defect is common arterial trunk (CAT), which is also known as truncus arteriosus, a conotruncal malformation characterized by a single vessel exiting both ventricles.; to: 10 individuals including four foetal cases from five unrelated families were identified with biallelic variants in PLXND1 gene and they presented with cardiac defects. The most frequent defect is common arterial trunk (CAT), which is also known as truncus arteriosus, a conotruncal malformation characterized by a single vessel exiting both ventricles. This gene has already been associated with PLXND1-related cardiac malformation syndrome with the confidence category of 'strong' in DD panel of Gene2Phenotype. However, no relevant phenotypes have been currently reported in OMIM. |
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| Mendeliome v1.702 | KIF5B | Achchuthan Shanmugasundram reviewed gene: KIF5B: Rating: ; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 36018820; Phenotypes: dilated cardiomyopathy, MONDO:0005021, ophthalmoplegia, MONDO:0003425, myopathy, MONDO:0005336, Hypotonia, HP:0001252, Seizure, HP:0001250; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.699 | PCK2 | Bryony Thompson reviewed gene: PCK2: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 36845668; Phenotypes: Peripheral neuropathy (MONDO#0005244), PCK2-related; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.698 | MCF2L |
Michelle Torres gene: MCF2L was added gene: MCF2L was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: MCF2L was set to Unknown Publications for gene: MCF2L were set to 36760094 Phenotypes for gene: MCF2L were set to vascular malformation MONDO:0024291, MCF2L-related Review for gene: MCF2L was set to RED Added comment: Three families with Systemic malformation (resulting in a left to right shunt instead of the right to left shunt seen in individuals with HHT) had missense variants in the MCF2L gene (families 1, 2 and 7). Family 1 (Val875Met: v2 & v3: 113 hets) did no present PA (pulmonary artery). Family 2 (Cys199Gly : v2 & v3: 260 hets, 1 hom) did no present PA (pulmonary artery). Family 7: Leu130Pro (1 het, 0 hom), segregated in family 7 with SA-PA (systemic artery to the pulmonary artery), with 5x affected tested (Sanger or WES). Unaffected and other 6x individuals affected were not tested. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.697 | AMOTL1 | Seb Lunke Phenotypes for gene: AMOTL1 were changed from Cleft lip and palate; imperforate anus; dysmorphism to Orofacial clefting syndrome, MONDO:0015335, AMOTL1 -related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.695 | TEFM |
Ee Ming Wong gene: TEFM was added gene: TEFM was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: TEFM was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: TEFM were set to 36823193 Phenotypes for gene: TEFM were set to Mitochondrial disease (MONDO#0044970), TEFM-related Review for gene: TEFM was set to GREEN gene: TEFM was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: - Seven TEFM variants (4 missense, 2 fs, 1 in-frame del) in seven individuals across five unrelated families - Muscle and primary fibroblast from the affected individuals have reduced levels of promoter distal mitochondrial RNA transcripts - TEFM knockdown in zebrafish embryos resulted in neuromuscular junction abnormalities and abnormal mitochondrial function Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.694 | AMOTL1 | Lucy Spencer reviewed gene: AMOTL1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 36751037; Phenotypes: Orofacial clefting syndrome, MONDO:0015335, AMOTL1 -related; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.694 | HMGB1 | Ain Roesley Phenotypes for gene: HMGB1 were changed from Mirror image foot polydactyly; Neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO:0700092, HMGB1-related to brachyphalangy, polydactyly, and tibial aplasia/hypoplasia MIM#163905; Neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO:0700092, HMGB1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.693 | LGR4 | Elena Savva Phenotypes for gene: LGR4 were changed from {Bone mineral density, low, susceptibility to} MIM#615311; Delayed puberty, self-limited MIM#619613; Syndromic disease, LGR4-related (MONDO#0002254) to {Bone mineral density, low, susceptibility to} MIM#615311; Delayed puberty, self-limited MIM#619613; Syndromic disease, LGR4-related (MONDO#0002254) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.692 | LGR4 | Elena Savva Phenotypes for gene: LGR4 were changed from Delayed puberty to {Bone mineral density, low, susceptibility to} MIM#615311; Delayed puberty, self-limited MIM#619613; Syndromic disease, LGR4-related (MONDO#0002254) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.689 | LGR4 |
Elena Savva changed review comment from: PMID: 36538378 - hom canonical splice variant in an infant with failure to thrive, severe salt-wasting crises associated with isolated hypoaldosteronism, nail anomalies, short stature, and deafness. Multiple affected siblings but all deceased, two normal siblings found to be het or wildtype. Functional studies proved INFRAME exon 6 skipping, patients cell shad minimal protein. Conditional K/O mouse model showed reduced expression of Wnt target genes, adrenal hypoplasia and aberrant zonal differentiation gnomAD: no hom PTCs PMID: 32493844 - 6 patients with delayed puberty, supported by functional studies on mice displaying impaired Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Recurring missense p.G363C present in 4/6 families, but super common in the population (67 homozygotes).; to: PMID: 36538378 - hom canonical splice variant in an infant with failure to thrive, severe salt-wasting crises associated with isolated hypoaldosteronism, nail anomalies, short stature, and deafness. Multiple affected siblings but all deceased, two normal siblings found to be het or wildtype. Functional studies proved INFRAME exon 6 skipping, patients cell shad minimal protein. Conditional K/O mouse model showed reduced expression of Wnt target genes, adrenal hypoplasia and aberrant zonal differentiation gnomAD: no hom PTCs PMID: 32493844 - 6 patients with delayed puberty, supported by functional studies on mice displaying impaired Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Recurring missense p.G363C present in 4/6 families, but super common in the population (67 homozygotes). |
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| Mendeliome v1.689 | LGR4 |
Elena Savva edited their review of gene: LGR4: Added comment: PMID: 36538378 - hom canonical splice variant in an infant with failure to thrive, severe salt-wasting crises associated with isolated hypoaldosteronism, nail anomalies, short stature, and deafness. Multiple affected siblings but all deceased, two normal siblings found to be het or wildtype. Functional studies proved INFRAME exon 6 skipping, patients cell shad minimal protein. Conditional K/O mouse model showed reduced expression of Wnt target genes, adrenal hypoplasia and aberrant zonal differentiation gnomAD: no hom PTCs PMID: 32493844 - 6 patients with delayed puberty, supported by functional studies on mice displaying impaired Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Recurring missense p.G363C present in 4/6 families, but super common in the population (67 homozygotes).; Changed publications: PMID: 32493844, 36538378; Changed phenotypes: {Bone mineral density, low, susceptibility to} MIM#615311; Changed mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal |
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| Mendeliome v1.688 | USMG5 |
Bryony Thompson gene: USMG5 was added gene: USMG5 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: USMG5 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: USMG5 were set to 29917077; 30240627 Phenotypes for gene: USMG5 were set to Mitochondrial complex V (ATP synthase) deficiency, nuclear type 6 MIM#618683 Review for gene: USMG5 was set to AMBER Added comment: A homozygous splice site mutation in 4 patients from 3 unrelated families of Ashkenazi Jewish descent. Experimental analyses demonstrated that the splice variant leads to loss of protein expression and haplotype analysis suggested a founder effect. In situ cryo-ET analysis of the mitochondria of a homozygous affected case showed profound disturbances of mitochondrial crista ultrastructure. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.687 | SLC35B2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: SLC35B2 were changed from Leukodystrophy, MONDO:0019046, SLC35B2-related to Leukodystrophy, hypomyelinating, 26, with chondrodysplasia, MIM# 620269 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.686 | ATG4D | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ATG4D were changed from neurodevelopmental disorder; Abnormal facial shape to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, ATG4D-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.684 | ATG4D | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: ATG4D: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, ATG4D-related; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.684 | NLGN4X | Elena Savva reviewed gene: NLGN4X: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID: 36747195; Phenotypes: Intellectual developmental disorder, X-linked MIM#300495; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.684 | ATG4D |
Suliman Khan gene: ATG4D was added gene: ATG4D was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ATG4D was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: ATG4D were set to PMID: 36765070 Phenotypes for gene: ATG4D were set to neurodevelopmental disorder; Abnormal facial shape Penetrance for gene: ATG4D were set to unknown Review for gene: ATG4D was set to GREEN Added comment: PMID: 36765070 reported three individuals from two unrelated families with a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by speech and motor impairment with a similar facial gestalt comprising almond-shaped eyes, depressed nasal bridge, and a prominent Cupid’s bow with variable disease severity and progression. NGS analysis revealed bi-allelic loss-of-function variants in ATG4D gene. Based on the clinical, bioinformatic, and functional data, the author concluded that bi-allelic loss-of-function variants in ATG4D contribute to the pathogenesis of syndromic neurodevelopmental disorder. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.680 | ARHGAP35 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ARHGAP35 were changed from neurodevelopmental disorder, ARHGAP35-related MONDO#0700092; Developmental defect of the eye (MONDO:0020145), ARHGAP35-related to Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, MONDO:0015770, ARHGAP35-related; neurodevelopmental disorder, ARHGAP35-related MONDO#0700092; Developmental defect of the eye (MONDO:0020145), ARHGAP35-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.678 | ARHGAP35 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: ARHGAP35: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 36178483; Phenotypes: Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, MONDO:0015770, ARHGAP35-related; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.678 | EFCAB1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: EFCAB1 were changed from Primary ciliary dyskinesia and heterotaxy, no OMIM # to Primary ciliary dyskinesia, MONDO:0016575, EFCAB1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.677 | EFCAB1 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: EFCAB1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Primary ciliary dyskinesia, MONDO:0016575, EFCAB1-related; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.675 | JPH3 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: JPH3 were changed from Intellectual disability; dystonia to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, JPH3-related; Intellectual disability; dystonia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.671 | JPH3 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: JPH3: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 36273396; Phenotypes: Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, JPH3-related; Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.667 | STAT6 |
Zornitza Stark gene: STAT6 was added gene: STAT6 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: STAT6 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: STAT6 were set to 36216080; 36758835 Phenotypes for gene: STAT6 were set to Allergic disease, MONDO:0005271, STAT6-related; early-onset multiorgan allergies Review for gene: STAT6 was set to GREEN Added comment: Two families reported with GoF variants and extensive functional data. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.665 | LTV1 |
Achchuthan Shanmugasundram gene: LTV1 was added gene: LTV1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: LTV1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: LTV1 were set to 34999892 Phenotypes for gene: LTV1 were set to Inflammatory poikiloderma with hair abnormalities and acral keratoses, OMIM:620199 Review for gene: LTV1 was set to AMBER Added comment: Comment on classification of gene: This gene should be rated amber as it has been implicated in inflammatory poikiloderma with hair abnormalities and acral keratoses as identified from two unrelated families harbouring the same biallelic variant and supported by functional studies. PMID:34999892 reported four UK women of South Asian origin (three Pakistani sisters and an unrelated Indian woman) identified with homozygous variant c.503A>G, (p.Asn168Ser) and presented with poikiloderma, hair abnormalities, and acral keratoses, which the authors named as inflammatory poikiloderma with hair abnormalities and acral keratoses (IPHAK). Both in silico modelling and splicing assays from a patient sample showed that this variant is responsible for splicing defects and defects in LTV1 alter the export of nascent ribosomal subunits to the cytoplasm in yeast. This gene has already been associated with relevant phenotype (MIM #620199) in OMIM, but not in Gene2Phenotype. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.665 | WNT11 |
Achchuthan Shanmugasundram gene: WNT11 was added gene: WNT11 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: WNT11 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Publications for gene: WNT11 were set to 34875064 Phenotypes for gene: WNT11 were set to osteoporosis, MONDO:0005298; osteoarthritis, MONDO:0005178; recurrent fractures Review for gene: WNT11 was set to GREEN Added comment: Comment on gene classification: The rating of this gene can be added as green as this gene has been implicated in early-onset osteoporosis from three unrelated cases and was supported by evidence from functional studies. All three patients harboured heterozygous variants in WNT11 gene. Three unrelated cases are reported in PMID: 34875064. A four year-old boy harbouring de novo heterozygous loss-of-function variant c.677_678dupGG (p.Leu227Glyfs*22) was reported with low BMD, osteopenia and several fractures. A 51 year-old woman and her 69 year-old mother were identified with a heterozygous missense variant c.217G>A (p.Ala73Thr). The woman was reported with bone fragility, several fractures, osteoarthritis and osteoporosis, while her mother also had several osteoporotic fractures. A 61 year-old woman that was reported with lumbar spine osteoarthritis had several fractures since 55 years of age was identified with a heterozygous missense variant c.865G>A (p.Val289Met). This was also supported by results from functional studies, where cell lines with the loss-of-function variant generated by CRISPR-Cas9 showed reduced cell proliferation and osteoblast differentiation in comparison to wild-type. The expression of genes in the Wnt canonical and non-canonical pathways was inhibited in these mutant cells. This gene has not yet been reported with any phenotypes either in OMIM or in G2P. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.661 | THSD1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: THSD1 were changed from Aneurysm, intracranial berry, 12 , MIM# 618734; Hydrops fetalis MONDO:0015193, THSD1-related to Aneurysm, intracranial berry, 12 , MIM# 618734; Lymphatic malformation 13, MIM# 620244 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.658 | TRPM3 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: TRPM3 were changed from Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, TRPM3-related to Neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia, dysmorphic facies, and skeletal anomalies, with or without seizures, MIM# 620224 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.656 | EFCAB1 |
Chirag Patel gene: EFCAB1 was added gene: EFCAB1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: EFCAB1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: EFCAB1 were set to PMID: 36727596 Phenotypes for gene: EFCAB1 were set to Primary ciliary dyskinesia and heterotaxy, no OMIM # Review for gene: EFCAB1 was set to GREEN Added comment: WES in 3 individuals with laterality defects and respiratory symptoms, identified homozygous pathogenic variants in CLXN (EFCAB1). They found Clxn expressed in mice left-right organizer. Transmission electron microscopy depicted outer dynein arm (ODA) defects in distal ciliary axonemes. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed absence of CLXN from the ciliary axonemes, absence of the ODA components DNAH5, DNAI1 and DNAI2 from the distal axonemes, as well as mislocalization or absence of DNAH9. Additionally, CLXN is undetectable in ciliary axonemes of individuals with defects in the outer dynein arm docking (ODA-DC) machinery: ODAD1, ODAD2, ODAD3 and ODAD4. Moreover, SMED-EFCAB1-deficient planaria displayed ciliary dysmotility. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.654 | KLHL24 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: KLHL24 were changed from Epidermolysis bullosa simplex, generalized, with scarring and hair loss OMIM#617294; dilated cardiomyopathy; Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy to Epidermolysis bullosa simplex, generalized, with scarring and hair loss OMIM#617294; dilated cardiomyopathy; Cardiomyopathy, familial hypertrophic, 29, with polyglucosan bodies, MIM# 620236 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.651 | RRAGD | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: RRAGD were changed from Kidney tubulopathy; dilated cardiomyopathy; hypomagnesaemia; renal salt-wasting; nephrocalcinosis to Inherited renal tubular disease, MONDO:0015962, RRAGD-related; dilated cardiomyopathy; hypomagnesaemia; renal salt-wasting; nephrocalcinosis | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.649 | ASNA1 |
Naomi Baker gene: ASNA1 was added gene: ASNA1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ASNA1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: ASNA1 were set to 31461301; 16797549 Phenotypes for gene: ASNA1 were set to Dilated cardiomyopathy, MONDO:0001644, ASNA1-related Review for gene: ASNA1 was set to RED Added comment: Two siblings reported with biallelic variants - there were two variants on the paternal allele (c.867C>G p.(Cys289Trp) and c.913C>T p.(Gln305*)) and one variant on the maternal allele (c.488T>C p.(Val163Ala)). Unaffected sibling was heterozygous for maternal allele. Western blotting demonstrated reduced protein expression. Knockout of asna1 in zebrafish mode resulted in cardiac defects and early lethality. The Asna1 knockout mice displayed early embryonic lethality, consistent with a role of Asna1 in early embryonic development. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.649 | RRAGD |
Hazel Phillimore changed review comment from: PMID: 34607910; Schlingmann, KP. et al. (2021) J Am Soc Nephrol. 32(11):2885-2899. Five missense variants in RRAGD identified in eight children (some early infant onset) from unrelated families. The variants were recurrent or affecting the same amino acid, i.e., p.S76L, S76W, p.T97P, p.P119L, p.P119R and p.I221K note: these are absent in gnomAD v2.1.1, and are very highly conserved residues. All variants are located in the N-terminal G-domain and affect sequence motifs involved in nucleotide binding The children had a tubulopathy characterised by hypomagnesemia, hypokalaemia, salt wasting, and nephrocalcinosis, and six had dilated cardiomyopathy. Most occurred de novo. Two were familial. One family with two affected siblings showed low level mosaicism in the mother. In vitro studies using transfected HEK293 cells showed increased binding to RPTOR and MTOR. Sources: Literature; to: PMID: 34607910; Schlingmann, KP. et al. (2021) J Am Soc Nephrol. 32(11):2885-2899. Six missense variants in RRAGD identified in eight children (some early infant onset) from unrelated families. The variants were recurrent or affecting the same amino acid, i.e., p.S76L, S76W, p.T97P, p.P119L, p.P119R and p.I221K note: these are absent in gnomAD v2.1.1, and are very highly conserved residues. All variants are located in the N-terminal G-domain and affect sequence motifs involved in nucleotide binding The children had a tubulopathy characterised by hypomagnesemia, hypokalaemia, salt wasting, and nephrocalcinosis, and six had dilated cardiomyopathy. Most occurred de novo. Two were familial. One family with two affected siblings showed low level mosaicism in the mother. In vitro studies using transfected HEK293 cells showed increased binding to RPTOR and MTOR. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.649 | RRAGD |
Hazel Phillimore gene: RRAGD was added gene: RRAGD was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: RRAGD was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: RRAGD were set to PMID: 34607910 Phenotypes for gene: RRAGD were set to Kidney tubulopathy; dilated cardiomyopathy; hypomagnesaemia; renal salt-wasting; nephrocalcinosis Review for gene: RRAGD was set to GREEN Added comment: PMID: 34607910; Schlingmann, KP. et al. (2021) J Am Soc Nephrol. 32(11):2885-2899. Five missense variants in RRAGD identified in eight children (some early infant onset) from unrelated families. The variants were recurrent or affecting the same amino acid, i.e., p.S76L, S76W, p.T97P, p.P119L, p.P119R and p.I221K note: these are absent in gnomAD v2.1.1, and are very highly conserved residues. All variants are located in the N-terminal G-domain and affect sequence motifs involved in nucleotide binding The children had a tubulopathy characterised by hypomagnesemia, hypokalaemia, salt wasting, and nephrocalcinosis, and six had dilated cardiomyopathy. Most occurred de novo. Two were familial. One family with two affected siblings showed low level mosaicism in the mother. In vitro studies using transfected HEK293 cells showed increased binding to RPTOR and MTOR. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.649 | PMEL |
Paul De Fazio gene: PMEL was added gene: PMEL was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: PMEL was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: PMEL were set to 36166100; 36207673 Phenotypes for gene: PMEL were set to Oculocutaneous albinism, PMEL-related MONDO:0018910 Review for gene: PMEL was set to RED gene: PMEL was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: A consanguineous family with oculocutaneous albinism and Hirschsprung disease was found to have a biallelic LoF variant in PMEL, which although NMD-predicted was found not to result in NMD by RT-PCR. Some evidence that polymorphisms in this gene influence pigmentation in cattle. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.648 | SPTSSA |
Seb Lunke gene: SPTSSA was added gene: SPTSSA was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SPTSSA was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SPTSSA were set to 36718090 Phenotypes for gene: SPTSSA were set to complex hereditary spastic paraplegia, MONDO:0015150 Review for gene: SPTSSA was set to AMBER Added comment: Three unrelated individuals with common neurological features of developmental delay, progressive motor impairment, progressive lower extremity spasticity, and epileptiform activity or seizures. Other additional features varied. Two of the individuals had the same de-novo missense, Thr51Ile, while the third was homozygous for a late truncating variant, Gln58AlafsTer10. The patient with the hom variant was described as less severe. Functional studies in fibroblasts showed dysregulation of the sphingolipid (SL) synthesis pathway, showing that both variants impair ORMDL regulation of the pathway leading to various levels of increased SL. Over expression of human SPTSSA was shown to lead to motor development in flies, rescued by expression of ORMDL for WT SPTSSA but not mutant SPTSSA. The de-novo missense were shown to impact regulation more than the hom truncation, while the truncated region was shown to previously to be important for ORMDL regulation. Mice with a hom KO of the functional equivalent sptssb had early onset ataxia and died prematurely, with evidence of axonic degeneration. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.646 | TRU-TCA1-1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: TRU-TCA1-1 were changed from Hyperthyroidism MONDO:0004425 to Inherited thyroid metabolism disease, MONDO:0045046, TRU-TCA1-1 related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.644 | C1GALT1C1 | Ain Roesley Phenotypes for gene: C1GALT1C1 were changed from Tn polyagglutination syndrome, somatic MIM#300622 to Tn polyagglutination syndrome, somatic MIM#300622; atypical haemolytic-uremic syndrome MONDO#0016244, C1GALT1C1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.642 | C1GALT1C1 |
Ain Roesley edited their review of gene: C1GALT1C1: Added comment: Red association for aHUS 1x male with de novo p.(Thr89Ile) which is absent in gnomAD v2 and v3 and has very high conservation; Changed publications: 18537974, 16251947, 36599939; Changed phenotypes: Tn polyagglutination syndrome, somatic MIM#300622, atypical haemolytic-uremic syndrome MONDO#0016244, C1GALT1C1-related |
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| Mendeliome v1.642 | CAMLG | Seb Lunke Phenotypes for gene: CAMLG were changed from Congenital disorder of glycosylation type IIz, 620201 to Congenital disorder of glycosylation type IIz, OMIM# 620201 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.641 | SPRY1 | Elena Savva Phenotypes for gene: SPRY1 were changed from to Craniosynostosis, SPRY1-related, MONDO:0015469 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.635 | SPRY1 | Elena Savva reviewed gene: SPRY1: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 36543535; Phenotypes: Craniosynostosis, SPRY1-related, MONDO:0015469; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.635 | TPCN2 | Paul De Fazio reviewed gene: TPCN2: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: Other; Publications: 36641477; Phenotypes: Hypopigmentation of the skin, TPCN2-related MONDO:0019290; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.635 | MIR145 |
Lucy Spencer gene: MIR145 was added gene: MIR145 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: MIR145 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Publications for gene: MIR145 were set to 36649075 Phenotypes for gene: MIR145 were set to multisystemic smooth muscle dysfunction syndrome (MONDO:0013452), MIR145-related Review for gene: MIR145 was set to RED Added comment: PMID: 36649075- a patient whose fetal ultrasound revealed polyhydramnios, enlarged abdomenand bladder, and prune belly syndrome. During infancy/childhood profound gastrointestinal dysmotility, cerebrovascular disease, and multiple strokes. Described as a multisystemic smooth muscle dysfunction syndrome. Patient was found to have a de novo SNP in MIR145 NR_029686.1:n.18C>A. The MIR145transcript is processed into two microRNAs, with the variant position at nucleotide 3 of miR-145-5p. Transfection of an siRNA against mutant miR145-5p induced a notable decrease in the expression of several cytoskeletal proteins including transgelin, calponin, and importantly, smooth muscle actin. Hybridization analysis and miR RNA-seq demonstrated a decrease in expression of miR145-5p in the presence of mutant miR145-5p. RNA-seq showed that the differentially expressed genes were substantially different between patient and control fibroblasts. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.635 | TTI1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: TTI1 were changed from Intellectual disability to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, TTI1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.633 | PCK2 | Ain Roesley Phenotypes for gene: PCK2 were changed from PEPCK deficiency, mitochondrial - MIM#261650 to PEPCK deficiency, mitochondrial - MIM#261650; peripheral neuropathy (MONDO#0005244), PCK2-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.632 | PCK2 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: PCK2: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: peripheral neuropathy (MONDO#0005244), PCK2-related; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.632 | CAMLG |
Manny Jacobs gene: CAMLG was added gene: CAMLG was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: CAMLG was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: CAMLG were set to PMID: 35262690 Phenotypes for gene: CAMLG were set to Congenital disorder of glycosylation type IIz, 620201 Penetrance for gene: CAMLG were set to unknown Review for gene: CAMLG was set to RED Added comment: PMID: 35262690 (2022) Report one patient with hom splice variant. No other reported patients. GDD, seizures, contractures, hypotonia and brain malformations. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.630 | TRU-TCA1-1 |
Paul De Fazio gene: TRU-TCA1-1 was added gene: TRU-TCA1-1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: TRU-TCA1-1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: TRU-TCA1-1 were set to 26854926; 34956927 Phenotypes for gene: TRU-TCA1-1 were set to Hyperthyroidism MONDO:0004425 Review for gene: TRU-TCA1-1 was set to AMBER gene: TRU-TCA1-1 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: PMID 26854926: male 8 year old proband investigated for abdominal pain, fatigue, muscle weakness, and thyroid dysfunction (raised T4, normal T3, raised reverse T3) suggestive of impaired deiodinase activity in combination with low plasma selenium levels. Homozygosity mapping led to identification of a a single nucleotide change, C65G, in TRU-TCA1-1, a tRNA in the selenocysteine incorporation pathway. This mutation resulted in reduction in expression of stress-related selenoproteins. A methylribosylation defect at uridine 34 of mutant tRNA observed in patient cells was restored by cellular complementation with normal tRNA. PMID 34956927: a 10 year old originally investigated for Hashimoto's disease was found to be homozygous for the same C65G variant identified in the previous paper, inherited from the father in what was concluded to be paternal isodisomy. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.629 | HTR2C |
Zornitza Stark gene: HTR2C was added gene: HTR2C was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: HTR2C was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: HTR2C were set to 36536256 Phenotypes for gene: HTR2C were set to Obesity disorder, MONDO:0011122, HTR2C-related Review for gene: HTR2C was set to GREEN Added comment: Exome sequencing of 2,548 people with severe obesity and 1,117 control individuals without obesity identified 13 rare variants in the gene encoding 5-HT2CR (HTR2C) in 19 unrelated people (3 males and 16 females). Eleven variants caused a loss of function in HEK293 cells. All people who carried variants had hyperphagia and some degree of maladaptive behavior. Obesity was severe, childhood-onset. Knock-in male mice harboring a human loss-of-function HTR2C variant developed obesity and reduced social exploratory behavior; female mice heterozygous for the same variant showed similar deficits with reduced severity. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.628 | TTI1 | Ee Ming Wong reviewed gene: TTI1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2023.01.006; Phenotypes: Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, TTI1-related to; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.628 | CCDC84 |
Lucy Spencer gene: CCDC84 was added gene: CCDC84 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: CCDC84 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: CCDC84 were set to 34009673 Phenotypes for gene: CCDC84 were set to Mosaic variegated aneuploidy syndrome 4 (MIM#620153) Review for gene: CCDC84 was set to AMBER Added comment: PMID: 34009673- patients with constitutional mosaic aneuploidy were found to have biallelic mutations in CENATAC(CCDC84). 2 adult siblings with mosaic aneuploidies, microcephaly, dev delay, and maculopathy. Both chet for a missense and a splice site deletion- but the paper days these both result in the creation of a novel splice site that leads to frameshifts and loss of the c-terminal 64 amino acids. Gene is shown to be part of a spliceosome. CENATAC depletion or expression of disease mutants resulted in retention of introns in ~100 genes enriched for nucleocytoplasmic transport and cell cycle regulation, and caused chromosome segregation errors. Functional analysis in CENATAC-depleted HeLa cells demonstrated chromosome congression defects and subsequent mitotic arrest, which could be fully rescued by wildtype but not mutant CENATAC. Expression of the MVA-associated mutants exacerbated the phenotype, suggesting that the mutant proteins dominantly repress the function of any residual wildtype protein. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.626 | THBS1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: THBS1 was added gene: THBS1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: THBS1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: THBS1 were set to 36453543 Phenotypes for gene: THBS1 were set to Congenital glaucoma MONDO:0020366, THBS1-related Review for gene: THBS1 was set to GREEN Added comment: Missense alleles altering p.Arg1034, a highly evolutionarily conserved amino acid, in 3 unrelated and ethnically diverse families affected by congenital glaucoma. Thbs1R1034C-mutant mice had elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), reduced ocular fluid outflow, and retinal ganglion cell loss. Histology revealed an abundant, abnormal extracellular accumulation of THBS1 with abnormal morphology of juxtacanalicular trabecular meshwork (TM), an ocular tissue critical for aqueous fluid outflow. Functional characterization showed that the THBS1 missense alleles found in affected individuals destabilized the THBS1 C-terminus, causing protein misfolding and extracellular aggregation. Analysis using a range of amino acid substitutions at position R1034 showed that the extent of aggregation was correlated with the change in protein-folding free energy caused by variations in amino acid structure. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.625 | NPTX1 |
Ain Roesley gene: NPTX1 was added gene: NPTX1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: NPTX1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: NPTX1 were set to 34788392; 35288776; 35285082; 35560436 Phenotypes for gene: NPTX1 were set to cerebellar ataxia MONDO#0000437, NPTX1-related Review for gene: NPTX1 was set to GREEN gene: NPTX1 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: PMID:34788392 5 families with multigenerational segregations - late onset ataxia 4 families with p.(Gly389Arg) + 1x p.(Glu327Gly) functional studies done Note: case report of a family member published elsewhere (PMID:35288776) PMID:35285082 1x de novo in a male with late-onset, slowly progressive cerebellar ataxia, oculomotor apraxia, choreiform dyskinesias, and cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome p.(Arg143Leu) PMID:35560436 1x de novo in a female with early-onset ataxia and cerebellar atrophy since infancy p.(Gln370Arg) Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.624 | GET4 |
Elena Savva gene: GET4 was added gene: GET4 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: GET4 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: GET4 were set to 32395830 Phenotypes for gene: GET4 were set to ?Congenital disorder of glycosylation,, type IIy MIM#620200 Review for gene: GET4 was set to RED Added comment: PMID: 32395830 - chet patient (missense x2), functionally shown to result in downregulation of three TRC proteins in patient cell lines. - patient phenotype included ID, DD, seizures, dysmorphism and delayed bone age. - functional studies on missense themselves not performed Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.622 | NAE1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: NAE1 were changed from Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, NAE1-related to Neurodevelopmental disorder with dysmorphic facies and ischiopubic hypoplasia, MIM# 620210 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.619 | SARS | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: SARS were changed from neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO#070009, SARS1-related to neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO#070009, SARS1-related; Genetic peripheral neuropathy MONDO#0020127, SARS1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.615 | TCEAL1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: TCEAL1 were changed from Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, TCEAL1-related; hypotonia, abnormal gait, developmental delay, intellectual disability, autism, dysmorphic facial features. to Neurodevelopmental disorder with gait disturbance, dysmorphic facies and behavioral abnormalities, X-linked, MIM# 301094 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.614 | LY96 |
Zornitza Stark gene: LY96 was added gene: LY96 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: LY96 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: LY96 were set to 36462957 Phenotypes for gene: LY96 were set to Inborn error of immunity, MONDO:0003778, LY96-related Review for gene: LY96 was set to RED Added comment: Single individual with infantile colitis associated with failure-to-thrive, bloody diarrhoea, and perianal abscesses since the age of 4 months. Later developed bronchiectasis and persistent pneumonia, which required lobectomy at the age of 6 years. Found to have homozygous inflame deletion. Brother with same deletion presented with recurrent otitis media and pneumonia but exhibited no signs of intestinal inflammation. Sources: Expert Review |
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| Mendeliome v1.610 | SMC5 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: SMC5 were changed from Multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome, MONDO:0019042, SLF2-related; Atelis syndrome; microcephaly; short stature; ID to Atelis syndrome 2, MIM# 620185 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.609 | SLF2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: SLF2 were changed from Multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome, MONDO:0019042, SLF2-related; Atelis syndrome; microcephaly; short stature; ID to Atelis syndrome 1, MIM# 620184 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.607 | NAE1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: NAE1 was added gene: NAE1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: NAE1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: NAE1 were set to 36608681 Phenotypes for gene: NAE1 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, NAE1-related Review for gene: NAE1 was set to GREEN Added comment: Four individuals reported with bi-allelic variants and intellectual disability, ischiopubic hypoplasia, stress-mediated lymphopenia and neurodegeneration. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.606 | SLC26A6 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: SLC26A6 were changed from Enteric hyperoxaluria and nephrolithiasis to Primary hyperoxaluria, MONDO:0002474, SLC26A6-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.604 | SLC26A6 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: SLC26A6: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Primary hyperoxaluria, MONDO:0002474, SLC26A6-related; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.604 | TRPC5 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: TRPC5 were changed from Intellectual disability; autistic spectrum disorder to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, TRPC5-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.602 | CRLS1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: CRLS1 were changed from Mitochondrial disease MONDO:0044970 CRLS1-related to Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 57, MIM# 620167 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.601 | CRLS1 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: CRLS1: Changed phenotypes: Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 57, MIM# 620167 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.601 | BSN |
Krithika Murali changed review comment from: Ye et al 2022, Neurogenetics identified 4 unrelated individuals with epilepsy and compound heterozygous BSN variants via trio WES (combination of null and missense). Homozygous knockout mouse models showed abnormal CNS transmission and seizure activity. None of the identified variants were present in population databases as homozygotes. One individual had ID and microcephaly but all other individuals with biallelic variants had normal development. In addition, heterozygous variants were identified in unrelated affected individuals - 2 apparently co-segregating missense variants and 2 de novo null variants. These variants were either absent in population databases or rare. The authors note that affected individuals with heterozygous variants had milder disease - either requiring no therapy or monotherapy only. Heterozygous knockout mice had no phenotype and there were not enough affected individuals in the families to truly determine co-segregation. In addition, carrier parents of individuals with biallelic variants did not appear to be affected. Association between biallelic variants and epilepsy stronger than for monoallelic. Sources: Literature; to: Ye et al 2022, Neurogenetics - https://jmg.bmj.com/content/early/2022/12/12/jmg-2022-108865 Identified 4 unrelated individuals with epilepsy and compound heterozygous BSN variants via trio WES (combination of null and missense). Homozygous knockout mouse models showed abnormal CNS transmission and seizure activity. None of the identified variants were present in population databases as homozygotes. One individual had ID and microcephaly but all other individuals with biallelic variants had normal development. In addition, heterozygous variants were identified in unrelated affected individuals - 2 apparently co-segregating missense variants and 2 de novo null variants. These variants were either absent in population databases or rare. The authors note that affected individuals with heterozygous variants had milder disease - either requiring no therapy or monotherapy only. Heterozygous knockout mice had no phenotype and there were not enough affected individuals in the families to truly determine co-segregation. In addition, carrier parents of individuals with biallelic variants did not appear to be affected. Association between biallelic variants and epilepsy stronger than for monoallelic. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.601 | RIC1 | Paul De Fazio reviewed gene: RIC1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 36493769; Phenotypes: Cleft lip/palate MONDO:0016044, RIC1-related; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.597 | SLC31A1 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: SLC31A1: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 36562171; Phenotypes: Neurodevelopmental disorder, SLC31A1-related (MONDO#0700092); Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.595 | UHRF1 |
Chern Lim changed review comment from: PMID: 29574422 Begemann et al. 2018 - Het missense in mother and proband, family recruited due to detection of multilocus imprinting disturbance (MLID) in offspring. Proband is one of discordant monozygotic twin. SRS: NH-CSS 5/6; also kidney failure in infancy, bilateral renal dysplasia. Variant present in both twins, no functional studies done on the missense.; to: PMID: 29574422 Begemann et al. 2018 - Het missense in mother and proband, family recruited due to detection of multilocus imprinting disturbance (MLID) in offspring. Proband is one of discordant monozygotic twin. SRS: NH-CSS 5/6; also kidney failure in infancy, bilateral renal dysplasia. Variant present in both twins, no functional studies done on the missense. Her cotwin was clinically and epigenetically normal |
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| Mendeliome v1.595 | ARHGAP35 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ARHGAP35 were changed from neurodevelopmental disorder, ARHGAP35-related MONDO#0700092 to neurodevelopmental disorder, ARHGAP35-related MONDO#0700092; Developmental defect of the eye (MONDO:0020145), ARHGAP35-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.593 | UHRF1 |
Chern Lim edited their review of gene: UHRF1: Added comment: PMID: 36458887 Unoki et al. 2022 - One patient with compound het missense and nonsense variants, both parents are carriers (hets). - The patient has chromosome instability with hypomethylation of the pericentromeric satellite-2 repeats and facial anomalies as typical symptoms of the ICF syndrome, but did not exhibit immunodeficiency, and developed an adrenocortical adenoma; characteristics that were atypical. - Genome-wide methylation analysis revealed the patient had a centromeric/pericentromeric hypomethylation, which is the main ICF signature, but also had a distinctive hypomethylation pattern compared to patients with the other ICF syndrome subtypes. - Structural and biochemical analyses revealed that the R296W variant disrupted the protein conformation and strengthened the binding affinity of UHRF1 with its partner LIG1, and reduced ubiquitylation activity of UHRF1 towards its ubiquitylation substrates, histone H3 and PAF15.; Changed publications: 36458887; Changed phenotypes: chromosome instability; Changed mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal |
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| Mendeliome v1.590 | ARHGAP35 | Dean Phelan reviewed gene: ARHGAP35: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID: 36450800; Phenotypes: Developmental defect of the eye (MONDO:0020145), ARHGAP35-related; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.589 | ARHGEF38 |
Paul De Fazio gene: ARHGEF38 was added gene: ARHGEF38 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ARHGEF38 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Publications for gene: ARHGEF38 were set to 36493769 Phenotypes for gene: ARHGEF38 were set to Cleft lip/palate MONDO:0016044, ARHGEF38-related Review for gene: ARHGEF38 was set to AMBER gene: ARHGEF38 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: PMID:36493769 identified an intragenic deletion by high-res microarray of the same exon (exon 3) in 4 individuals with non-syndromic cleft lip/palate. Deletion of exon 3 is present in 6 individuals in gnomAD. Inheritance information was not available. Knockdown and knockout of the gene in Xenopus and Zebrafish resulted in craniofacial malformations in a large proportion (but not 100%) of embryos. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.588 | COBLL1 |
Paul De Fazio gene: COBLL1 was added gene: COBLL1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: COBLL1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Publications for gene: COBLL1 were set to 36493769 Phenotypes for gene: COBLL1 were set to Cleft lip/palate MONDO:0016044, COBLL1-related gene: COBLL1 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: PMID:36493769 identified the same multi-exon intragenic deletion by high-res microarray in 3 individuals with non-syndromic cleft lip/palate. The deletion is absent from gnomAD. Inheritance information was only available for 1 individual, in whom it was inherited from an unaffected father. Note that the gene is not quite LOF constrained in gnomAD. Knockdown and knockout of the gene in Xenopus and Zebrafish resulted in craniofacial malformations in a large proportion (but not 100%) of embryos. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.588 | BSN |
Krithika Murali gene: BSN was added gene: BSN was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: BSN was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: BSN were set to Epilepsy MONDO:0005027 Review for gene: BSN was set to GREEN Added comment: Ye et al 2022, Neurogenetics identified 4 unrelated individuals with epilepsy and compound heterozygous BSN variants via trio WES (combination of null and missense). Homozygous knockout mouse models showed abnormal CNS transmission and seizure activity. None of the identified variants were present in population databases as homozygotes. One individual had ID and microcephaly but all other individuals with biallelic variants had normal development. In addition, heterozygous variants were identified in unrelated affected individuals - 2 apparently co-segregating missense variants and 2 de novo null variants. These variants were either absent in population databases or rare. The authors note that affected individuals with heterozygous variants had milder disease - either requiring no therapy or monotherapy only. Heterozygous knockout mice had no phenotype and there were not enough affected individuals in the families to truly determine co-segregation. In addition, carrier parents of individuals with biallelic variants did not appear to be affected. Association between biallelic variants and epilepsy stronger than for monoallelic. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.588 | EIF4A2 |
Dean Phelan gene: EIF4A2 was added gene: EIF4A2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: EIF4A2 was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: EIF4A2 were set to PMID: 36528028 Phenotypes for gene: EIF4A2 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO:0700092), EIF4A2-related Mode of pathogenicity for gene: EIF4A2 was set to Other Review for gene: EIF4A2 was set to GREEN Added comment: PMID: 36528028 - EIF4A2 variants were observed in 15 individuals from 14 families. Affected individuals had a range of symptoms including global developmental delay (9/15), ID (7/15), epilepsy (11/15) and structural brain alterations (10/15). Monoallelic and biallelic variants were reported and functional studies showed both LOF and GOF disease mechanisms. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.588 | OXGR1 | Sarah Pantaleo edited their review of gene: OXGR1: Changed phenotypes: Nephrolithiasis/nephrocalcinosis, MONDO:0008171, OXGR1-related, MONDO:0001567, OXGR1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.587 | PHLDB1 |
Seb Lunke gene: PHLDB1 was added gene: PHLDB1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: PHLDB1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: PHLDB1 were set to 36543534 Phenotypes for gene: PHLDB1 were set to osteogenesis imperfecta, MONDO:0019019 Review for gene: PHLDB1 was set to AMBER Added comment: 5 children from two consanguineous families with recurrent fractures and/or osteopaenia, platyspondyly, short and bowed long bones, and widened metaphyses. Metaphyseal and vertebral changes regressed after early childhood, and no fractures occurred under bisphosphonate treatment. Two independent nonsense variants were identified in the families, NM_001144758.3:c.2392dup (p.Leu798Profs*4) and NM_001144758.3:c.2690_2693del (p.Leu897Glnfs*24). RT-PCR and western blot analysis confirmed loss of transcript and protein product, respectively, but no further functional data provided. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.585 | CDK16 | Alison Yeung Phenotypes for gene: CDK16 were changed from Intellectual disability to Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO#0700092) CDK16-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.583 | OXGR1 |
Sarah Pantaleo gene: OXGR1 was added gene: OXGR1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: OXGR1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: OXGR1 were set to PMID:35671463 Phenotypes for gene: OXGR1 were set to Nephrolithiasis/nephrocalcinosis MONDO:0008171, OXGR1-related Penetrance for gene: OXGR1 were set to unknown Review for gene: OXGR1 was set to AMBER Added comment: Candidate disease gene for human calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis. Performed exome sequencing and directed sequencing of the OXGR1 locus in a worldwide nephrolithiasis/nephrocalcinosis (NL/NC) cohort, and putatively deleterious rare OXGR1 variants were functionally characterised. A heterozygous OXGR1 missense variant (c.371T>G; p.Leu124Arg) co-segregated with calcium oxalate NL and/or NC disease in an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern within a multi-generational family with five affected individuals. Interrogation of the OXGR1 locus in 1,107 additional NL/NC families identified five additional deleterious dominant variants in five families with calcium oxalate NL/NC. Rare, potentially deleterious OXGR1 variants were enriched in NL/NC subjects relative to ExAC controls. Four missense variants and one frameshift variant. Four of five NL/NC-associated missense variants revealed impaired AKG-dependent calcium ion uptake, demonstrating loss of function. Rare, dominant loss-of-function OXGR1 variants are associated with recurrent calcium oxalate NL/NC disease. Six potentially deleterious variants were identified in six of 1,108 NL/NC families (0.54%). Limitations: only probands were able to be recruited for four of six families. In the future, it will be important to determine whether any of the affected family members share the identified OXGR1 variant. They also observe OXGR1 variants in 0.16% of ExAC subjects (selected on the basis of the absence of paediatric disease). Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.583 | CDK16 | Alison Yeung reviewed gene: CDK16: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 36323681, 31981491, 25644381; Phenotypes: Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO#0700092) CDK16-related; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.580 | CCIN |
Chern Lim gene: CCIN was added gene: CCIN was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: CCIN was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: CCIN were set to 36546111; 36527329 Phenotypes for gene: CCIN were set to Teratozoospermia Review for gene: CCIN was set to GREEN gene: CCIN was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: Two papers with three unrelated patients with teratozoospermia: PMID: 36546111 - Two families reported: One with homozygous missense (fam is consanguineous) and another with compound heterozygous missense + nonsense variants, patients suffering from teratozoospermia. - Homozygous CcinH42L/H42L and compound heterozygous CcinR432W/C447* knock-in mice generated. Spermatozoa from homozygous male mice exhibited abnormalities of sperm head shape revealed by Diff-Quick staining. When mated with WT mice, both homozygous CcinH42L/H42L and compound heterozygous CcinR432W/C447* male mice were infertile, whereas the mutant female mice could generate offspring and displayed no defects in fertility. PMID: 36527329 - One consanguineous family reported: homozygous missense, with asthenoteratozoospermia. - Transfected HEK cells showed reduced CCIN protein level. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.580 | TRA2B | Seb Lunke Phenotypes for gene: TRA2B were changed from Neurodevelopmental disorder, TRA2B-related (MONDO#0700092) to Neurodevelopmental disorder, TRA2B-related, MONDO# 0700092 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.578 | ZMYM3 | Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ZMYM3 was changed from X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.577 | ZMYM3 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ZMYM3 were changed from Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, ZMYM3-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.576 | TRA2B |
Elena Savva gene: TRA2B was added gene: TRA2B was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: TRA2B was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Publications for gene: TRA2B were set to PMID: 36549593 Phenotypes for gene: TRA2B were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder, TRA2B-related (MONDO#0700092) Review for gene: TRA2B was set to GREEN Added comment: PMID: 36549593 - 12 individuals with ID and dev delay. Additional features include infantile spams 6/12, hypotonia 12/12, dilated brain ventricles 6/12, microcephaly 5/12 - All variants result in the loss of 1/2 transcripts (start-losses or PTCs upstream of a second translation start position). Shorter transcript expression is increased, longer transcript expression is decreased. - Apparently het mice K/O are normal, but complete K/O cannot develop embryonically. - DN mechanism suggested Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.573 | TUFT1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: TUFT1 was added gene: TUFT1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: TUFT1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: TUFT1 were set to https://doi.org/10.1093/bjd/ljac026 Phenotypes for gene: TUFT1 were set to Ectodermal dysplasia, MONDO:0019287, TUFT1-related Review for gene: TUFT1 was set to AMBER Added comment: 9 individuals from three families reported with woolly hair and skin fragility. One of the variants, c.60+1G>A was present in two of the families, founder effect demonstrated by haplotype analysis. Another loss of function variant present in the third family. Some functional data but mostly expression studies. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.572 | ZMYM3 |
Belinda Chong gene: ZMYM3 was added gene: ZMYM3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ZMYM3 was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) Publications for gene: ZMYM3 were set to 36586412; 24721225 Phenotypes for gene: ZMYM3 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) Review for gene: ZMYM3 was set to GREEN Added comment: PMID: 36586412 Using the MatchMaker Exchange - Described 27 individuals with rare, variation in the ZMYM3. Most individuals were males, 17 of which have a maternally inherited variant; six individuals (4 male, 2 female) with de novo variants. Overlapping features included developmental delay, intellectual disability, behavioural abnormalities, and a specific facial gestalt in a subset of males. Variants in almost all individuals are missense, including six that recurrently affect two residues. Four unrelated probands were identified with inherited variation affecting Arg441 (R441W), a site at which variation has been previously seen in NDD-affected siblings (24721225), and two individuals have de novo variation resulting in p.Arg1294Cys (c.3880C>T). ChIP-seq experiments on one variant, p.Arg1274Trp, indicate dramatically reduced genomic occupancy, supporting a hypomorphic effect. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.571 | BUB1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: BUB1 were changed from Neurodevelopmental disorder, BUB1-related MONDO:0700092 to Primary microcephaly-30 (MCPH30), MIM#620183 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.569 | TNNC2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: TNNC2 were changed from Congenital myopathy, MONDO:0019952, TNNC2-related to Myopathy, congenital, with neonatal respiratory insufficiency, MIM# 620161 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.563 | SLC26A6 |
Arina Puzriakova gene: SLC26A6 was added gene: SLC26A6 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC26A6 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Publications for gene: SLC26A6 were set to 35115415; 21170874; 32660969 Phenotypes for gene: SLC26A6 were set to Enteric hyperoxaluria and nephrolithiasis Added comment: Cornière et al. 2022 (PMID: 35115415) identified a single family with a heterozygous missense VUS (c.1519C>T/p.R507W) in the SLC26A6 gene. However, the variant was found in 5 out of 280 674 alleles reported in gnomAD (Europeans and South Asians). In vitro studies showed that the variant affects both SLC26A6 transport activity and membrane surface expression, in turn reducing Cl− dependant oxalate transport. Cotransfection studies indicated a dominant-negative effect on WT. Slc26a6 null mice similarly displayed hyperoxalemia and hyperoxaluria which were caused by defective intestinal back-secretion of dietary oxalate (PMID: 21170874; 32660969) SLC26A6 is currently not associated with any human phenotype in OMIM or G2P. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.562 | PTPN4 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: PTPN4 were changed from Intellectual disability; developmental delay to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, PTPN4-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.561 | CLDN5 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: CLDN5 were changed from alternating hemiplegia, MONDO:0016210, CLDN5-related to Syndromic disorder, MONDO:0002254, CLDN5-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.554 | SETD2 |
Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: SETD2: Added comment: PMID 32710489: 12 unrelated patients, ranging from 1 month to 12 years of age, with a multisystemic neurodevelopmental disorder associated with a specific de novo heterozygous mutation in the SETD2 gene (R1740W). Key clinical features: severely impaired global development apparent from infancy, feeding difficulties with failure to thrive, small head circumference, and dysmorphic facial features. Affected individuals have impaired intellectual development and hypotonia; they do not achieve walking or meaningful speech. Other neurologic findings may include seizures, hearing loss, ophthalmologic defects, and brain imaging abnormalities. There is variable involvement of other organ systems, including skeletal, genitourinary, cardiac, and possibly endocrine. Further 3 unrelated patients identified with mild to moderately impaired intellectual development associated with a specific de novo heterozygous mutation in the SETD2 gene (R1740Q). These are distinct clinically from Luscan-Lumish syndrome, which is characterised by overgrowth.; Changed publications: 29681085, 32710489; Changed phenotypes: Luscan-Lumish syndrome, MIM#616831, Rabin-Pappas syndrome,MIM# 620155, Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal dominant 70, MIM# 620157 |
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| Mendeliome v1.554 | RPS15 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: RPS15 were changed from Diamond-Blackfan anaemia to Diamond-Blackfan anaemia, MONDO:0015253, RPS15-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.552 | KIF26A | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: KIF26A were changed from Cerebral malformation MONDO:0016054, KIF26-related to Cortical dysplasia, complex, with other brain malformations 11, MIM# 620156 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.547 | IL2RB |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Five families reported. Sources: Expert list; to: Five families reported. Affected individuals present in infancy with features of both abnormal activation of certain immune signaling pathways, resulting in lymphoid proliferation, dermatitis, enteropathy, and hypergammaglobulinemia, as well as features of immunodeficiency, such as recurrent infections and increased susceptibility to viral infections, especially CMV. Laboratory studies show increased NK cells that show impaired differentiation, as well as abnormal T cell populations or responses. Some patients may die in childhood; hematopoietic bone marrow transplantation is curative. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v1.547 | CACNA2D1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: CACNA2D1 were changed from Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy disorder MONDO:0100062 CACNA2D1-related to Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 110, MIM# 620149 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.546 | FZR1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: FZR1 were changed from Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, FZR1-related, MONDO:0100062 to Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 109, MIM# 620145 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.544 | RPS6KB1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: RPS6KB1 were changed from Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy to Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, MONDO:0005045, RPS6KB1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.541 | TNNC2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: TNNC2 was added gene: TNNC2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: TNNC2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: TNNC2 were set to 33755597 Phenotypes for gene: TNNC2 were set to Congenital myopathy, MONDO:0019952, TNNC2-related Review for gene: TNNC2 was set to GREEN Added comment: Two families reported: Family 1: 4 individuals, three generations; missense variant p.(Asp34Tyr) Family 2: de novo variant, missense p.(Met79Ile) Physiological studies in myofibers isolated from patients’ biopsies revealed a markedly reduced force response of the sarcomeres to [Ca2+]. This pathomechanism was further confirmed in experiments in which contractile dysfunction was evoked by replacing TnC in myofibers from healthy control subjects with recombinant, mutant TnC. Conversely, the contractile dysfunction of myofibers from patients was repaired by replacing endogenous, mutant TnC with recombinant, wild-type TnC. Borderline Green: sufficient segregation in Fam 1 plus de novo status in Fam 2, plus functional data. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.540 | CHUK | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: CHUK were changed from Popliteal pterygium syndrome, Bartsocas-Papas type 2, MIM# 619339; Cocoon syndrome, MIM# 613630; AEC-like syndrome to Combined immunodeficiency, MONDO:0015131, CHUK-related; Popliteal pterygium syndrome, Bartsocas-Papas type 2, MIM# 619339; Cocoon syndrome, MIM# 613630; AEC-like syndrome | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.538 | CHUK | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: CHUK: Changed phenotypes: Combined immunodeficiency, MONDO:0015131, CHUK-related, Popliteal pterygium syndrome, Bartsocas-Papas type 2, MIM# 619339, Cocoon syndrome, MIM# 613630, AEC-like syndrome | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.532 | NLGN4X | Krithika Murali reviewed gene: NLGN4X: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID:26350204, PMID:14963808, PMID:12669065, PMID:23352163, PMID:28263302, PMID:16648374; Phenotypes: Intellectual developmental disorder, X-linked - MIM#300495; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.530 | MPC2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: MPC2 was added gene: MPC2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: MPC2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: MPC2 were set to 36417180 Phenotypes for gene: MPC2 were set to mitochondrial pyruvate carrier deficiency, MONDO:0013877, MPC2-related Review for gene: MPC2 was set to AMBER Added comment: Four patients from two unrelated consanguineous families reported with homozygous variants (missense and stop-loss). Siblings from family 1 were diagnosed prenatally with diffuse subcutaneous oedema, cardiomegaly, corpus callosum agenesis, ventriculomegaly and hypoplasia of the cerebellum. Siblings from family 2 had slightly different presentations, which included anoxo-ischemic encephalopathy, isolated dyspnea, neonatal respiratory distress, neonatal jaundice, hypotonia, visual impairment, microcephaly; both siblings had severe delayed psychomotor development. Immunoblot analysis of protein expression in lysates from patient-derived fibroblasts demonstrated reduced MPC1 and MPC2 protein levels. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.523 | NUP54 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: NUP54 were changed from Early onset dystonia; progressive neurological deterioration; ataxia; dysarthria; dysphagia; hypotonia to Striatonigral degeneration, MONDO:0003122, NUP54-related; Early onset dystonia; progressive neurological deterioration; ataxia; dysarthria; dysphagia; hypotonia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.513 | NUP54 |
Hazel Phillimore gene: NUP54 was added gene: NUP54 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: NUP54 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: NUP54 were set to PMID: 36333996 Phenotypes for gene: NUP54 were set to Early onset dystonia; progressive neurological deterioration; ataxia; dysarthria; dysphagia; hypotonia Mode of pathogenicity for gene: NUP54 was set to Loss-of-function variants (as defined in pop up message) DO NOT cause this phenotype - please provide details in the comments Review for gene: NUP54 was set to AMBER Added comment: From PMID: 36333996.; Harrer, P. et al. (2022) Ann Neurol. doi: 10.1002/ana.26544. Three patients from unrelated families with dystonia and/or Leigh(-like) syndromes, with biallelic variants in NUP54, in the C-terminal protein region that interacts with NUP62. Onset was between 12 months and 5 years. All had progressive neurological deterioration with dystonia, ataxia, dysarthria, dysphagia, hypotonia. Patient / Family A (consanguineous) was homozygous for c.1073T>G p.(Ile358Ser). Patient / Family B was compound heterozygous for c.1073T>G p.(Ile358Ser) and c.1126A>G p.(Lys376Glu). Patient / Family C was compound heterozygosity for c.1410_1412del p.(Gln471del) and two missense variants c.1414G>A, p.(Glu472Lys); c.1420C>T, p.(Leu474Phe) The phenotypes were similar to those of NUP62 including early-onset dystonia with dysphagic choreoathetosis, and T2-hyperintense lesions in striatum. Brain MRIs showed T2/FLAIR hyperintensities in the dorsal putamina. Western blots showing reduced expression of NUP54 and its interaction partners NUP62/NUP58 in patient fibroblasts. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.512 | ARF3 | Dean Phelan reviewed gene: ARF3: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID: 36369169, 34346499; Phenotypes: Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO:0700092), ARF3-related; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.511 | NPC1 |
Naomi Baker gene: NPC1 was added gene: NPC1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: NPC1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: NPC1 were set to 36417180 Phenotypes for gene: NPC1 were set to mitochondrial pyruvate carrier deficiency, MONDO:0013877, MPC2-related Review for gene: NPC1 was set to AMBER Added comment: Four patients from two unrelated consanguineous families reported with homozygous variants (missense and stop-loss). Siblings from family 1 were diagnosed prenatally with diffuse subcutaneous oedema, cardiomegaly, corpus callosum agenesis, ventriculomegaly and hypoplasia of the cerebellum. Siblings from family 2 had slightly different presentations, which included anoxo-ischemic encephalopathy, isolated dyspnea, neonatal respiratory distress, neonatal jaundice, hypotonia, visual impairment, microcephaly; both siblings had severe delayed psychomotor development. Immunoblot analysis of protein expression in lysates from patient-derived fibroblasts demonstrated reduced MPC1 and MPC2 protein levels. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.510 | EMILIN1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: EMILIN1 were changed from Neuronopathy, distal hereditary motor, type X, MIM# 620080 to Neuronopathy, distal hereditary motor, type X, MIM# 620080; Aortic aneurysm, MONDO:0005160, EMILIN2-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.507 | GABRA3 |
Sarah Pantaleo gene: GABRA3 was added gene: GABRA3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: GABRA3 was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) Publications for gene: GABRA3 were set to PMID: 29053855 Phenotypes for gene: GABRA3 were set to Epilepsy, intellectual disability, dysmorphic features, Penetrance for gene: GABRA3 were set to Incomplete Review for gene: GABRA3 was set to GREEN Added comment: Six variants in GABRA3 encoding the alpha3-subunit of the GABA(A) receptor. Five missense variants and one micro duplication were detected in four families and two sporadic cases presenting with a range of epileptic seizure types, a varying degree of intellectual disability and developmental delay, sometimes with dysmorphic features or nystagmus. The variants co-segregated mostly but not completely with the phenotype in the families, indicating in some cases incomplete penetrance, involvement of other genes, or presence of phenocopies. Overall, males were more severely affected and there were three asymptomatic female mutation carriers compared to only one male without a clinical phenotype. Mechanism suggested - three detected missense variants are localised in the extracellular GABA-binding NH2-terminus, one in the M2-M3 linker and one in the M4 transmembrane segment of the alpha3-subunit. Functional studies in Xenopus leaves oocytes revealed a variable but significant reduction of GABA-evoked anion currents for all mutants compared to wild-type receptors. The degree of current reduction correlated partially with the phenotype. Results reveal that rare loss-of-function variants in GABRA3 increase the risk for a varying combination of epilepsy, intellectual disability/developmental delay and dysmorphic features, presenting in some pedigrees with an X-linked inheritance pattern. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.507 | TCEAL1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: TCEAL1 were changed from hypotonia, abnormal gait, developmental delay, intellectual disability, autism, dysmorphic facial features. to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, TCEAL1-related; hypotonia, abnormal gait, developmental delay, intellectual disability, autism, dysmorphic facial features. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.504 | SHROOM4 | Alison Yeung reviewed gene: SHROOM4: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 36379543, 35663265; Phenotypes: Congenital anomaly of the kidney and urinary tracy (CAKUT), SHROOM4-related, MONDO:0019719, epilepsy, idiopathic generalised, SHROOM4-related, MONDO:0005579; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.504 | FEM1C |
Paul De Fazio gene: FEM1C was added gene: FEM1C was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: FEM1C was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Publications for gene: FEM1C were set to 36336956; 28135719; 33398170; 33398168 Phenotypes for gene: FEM1C were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder, FEM1C-related MONDO:0700092 Review for gene: FEM1C was set to GREEN gene: FEM1C was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: PMID:36336956 describes a 9-year-old boy with severe DD, lack of speech, pyramidal signs, and limb ataxia who had a de novo missense variant Asp126His in FEM1C ascertained by WES. The equivalent variant introduced into the nematode C.elegans resulted in disabled locomotion caused by synaptic abnormalities and not muscle dysfunction. An alternate change Asp126Val was reported in the DDD study de novo in a patient with uncharacterised developmental delay (PMID:28135719). The Asp126 residue (but not either of the variants above specifically) was shown to be functionally important by in vitro studies (PMID:33398170;33398168). The residue is highly conserved and located in a region of missense constraint. Borderline green, 2 patients and an animal model. Note all evidence points to the Asp126 residue being of specific importance. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.504 | TCEAL1 |
Melanie Marty gene: TCEAL1 was added gene: TCEAL1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: TCEAL1 was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) Publications for gene: TCEAL1 were set to PMID: 36368327 Phenotypes for gene: TCEAL1 were set to hypotonia, abnormal gait, developmental delay, intellectual disability, autism, dysmorphic facial features. Review for gene: TCEAL1 was set to GREEN Added comment: 7 individuals (males and females) with de novo variants involving TCEAL1. Individuals had hypotonia, abnormal gait, developmental delay/intellectual disability especially affecting expressive language, autistic-like behavior, and mildly dysmorphic facial features. Additional features included strabismus, refractive errors, variable nystagmus, gastroesophageal reflux, constipation, dysmotility, recurrent infections, seizures, and structural brain anomalies. 1 additional male individual with a maternally inherited missense variant (unaffected mother), which was considered a VUS. This individual had hypertonia and spasticity without syndromic features. 4 PTCs, 2 CNVs, 2 missense reported. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.503 | KDM2B |
Ain Roesley gene: KDM2B was added gene: KDM2B was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: KDM2B was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: KDM2B were set to 36322151 Phenotypes for gene: KDM2B were set to neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO#070009, KDM2B-related Review for gene: KDM2B was set to GREEN gene: KDM2B was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: 27 individuals from 22 families were recruited 12 SNV classified LP/P, all de novo except 2 familial cases 5 variants were classified as VUS if more than 1 het is present in gnomAD or does result in a KDM2B-specific episignature (therefore suggesting normal function) Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.502 | MAN2A2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: MAN2A2 was added gene: MAN2A2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: MAN2A2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: MAN2A2 were set to 36357165 Phenotypes for gene: MAN2A2 were set to Congenital disorder of glycosylation, MONDO:0015286, MAN2A2-reated Review for gene: MAN2A2 was set to RED Added comment: Single consanguineous family reported with homozygous truncating variant in two brothers with ID. Supportive biochemical data only. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.501 | ARPC4 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ARPC4 were changed from Neurodevelopmental disorder, ARPC4-related MONDO#0700092 to Developmental delay, language impairment, and ocular abnormalities, MIM# 620141 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.500 | MLIP | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: MLIP were changed from MLIP-related myopathy with rhabdomyolysis to Myopathy with myalgia, increased serum creatine kinase, and with or without episodic rhabdomyolysis, MIM# 620138 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.499 | UBE3C | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: UBE3C were changed from Neurodevelopmental disorder overlapping Angelman syndrome, no OMIM# to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, UBE3C-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.498 | UBE3C | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: UBE3C: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, UBE3C-related; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.498 | KIF26A | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: KIF26A were changed from Congenital brain malformations, no OMIM # to Cerebral malformation MONDO:0016054, KIF26-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.497 | KIF26A | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: KIF26A: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Cerebral malformation MONDO:0016054, KIF26-related; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.491 | KIF26A |
Chirag Patel gene: KIF26A was added gene: KIF26A was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: KIF26A was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: KIF26A were set to PMID: 36228617 Phenotypes for gene: KIF26A were set to Congenital brain malformations, no OMIM # Review for gene: KIF26A was set to GREEN Added comment: 5 unrelated patients with biallelic loss-of-function variants in KIF26A (found through WES), exhibiting a spectrum of congenital brain malformations (schizencephaly, corpus callosum anomalies, polymicrgyria, and ventriculomegaly). Combining mice and human iPSC-derived organoid models, they discovered that loss of KIF26A causes excitatory neuron-specific defects in radial migration, localization, dendritic and axonal growth, and apoptosis, offering a convincing explanation of the disease etiology in patients. Single-cell RNA sequencing in KIF26A knockout organoids revealed transcriptional changes in MAPK, MYC, and E2F pathways. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.490 | TAMM41 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: TAMM41 were changed from inborn mitochondrial metabolism disorder MONDO:0004069; hypotonia; developmental delay; myopathy; ptosis to Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency-56 (COXPD56), MIM#620139; hypotonia; developmental delay; myopathy; ptosis | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.489 | TAMM41 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: TAMM41: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency-56 (COXPD56), MIM#620139; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.486 | SPTAN1 |
Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: SPTAN1: Added comment: PMID 36331550: further 31 individuals reported with mono-allelic variants. Three phenotypes observed: 1. DEE 2. Isolated DD/ID 3. HSP or ataxia; Changed publications: 20493457, 22258530, 32811770, 35150594, 34526651, 31515523, 36331550 |
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| Mendeliome v1.485 | SEC16B |
Zornitza Stark gene: SEC16B was added gene: SEC16B was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: SEC16B was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: SEC16B were set to 28375157; 28862642; 30652979 Phenotypes for gene: SEC16B were set to Polycystic liver disease (with or without kidney cysts), MONDO:0000447, SEC16B-related Review for gene: SEC16B was set to AMBER Added comment: Two unrelated individuals with limited supporting functional data reported. Assessed as LIMITED by ClinGen. Sources: Expert Review |
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| Mendeliome v1.484 | ADAMTS9 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ADAMTS9 were changed from Nephronophthisis-Related Ciliopathy to Nephropathy-related ciliopathy, MONDO:0022409, ADAMTS9-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.481 | KCNJ16 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: KCNJ16 were changed from Renal tubulopathy; deafness to Inherited renal tubular disease, MONDO:0015962, KCNJ16-related; Renal tubulopathy; deafness | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.480 | KCNJ16 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: KCNJ16: Changed phenotypes: Inherited renal tubular disease, MONDO:0015962, KCNJ16-related, Renal tubulopathy, deafness | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.480 | MYCN | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: MYCN: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 34590686; Phenotypes: cleft lip with or without cleft palate, MONDO:0016034, MYCN-related; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.480 | AFDN |
Zornitza Stark gene: AFDN was added gene: AFDN was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: AFDN was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: AFDN were set to 36384317 Phenotypes for gene: AFDN were set to Cleft lip/palate, MONDO:0016044, AFDN-related Review for gene: AFDN was set to RED Added comment: Over-representation of rare AFDN missense variants reported in a cohort of CL/P individuals of African and Brazilian origin. However, almost all of the variants reported have hets in gnomad. The one that is novel has alternative missense at the same aa position. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.476 | PDIA6 | Chirag Patel edited their review of gene: PDIA6: Added comment: 2nd patient with large polycystic kidneys, death and end stage renal failure at 18 months, microcephaly, bilateral inguinal hernias, umbilical hernia, developmental delay, bilateral sensorineural hearing loss, visual impairment, steatorrhea, fibrotic changes in liver, and insulin-dependent diabetes. WGS found homozygous stop-gain variant (Tyr368*) in PDIA6. Segregation not performed.; Changed rating: AMBER; Changed publications: PMID: 35856135; Changed phenotypes: Polycystic kidney disease, infancy-onset diabetes, and microcephaly | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.476 | ARPC4 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ARPC4 were changed from Microcephaly; mild motor delays; significant speech impairment to Neurodevelopmental disorder, ARPC4-related MONDO#0700092 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.475 | ARPC4 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: ARPC4: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 35047857; Phenotypes: Neurodevelopmental disorder, ARPC4-related MONDO#0700092; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.474 | SPTBN5 |
Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: SPTBN5: Added comment: Some of the missense variants are present at high population frequencies, not compatible with Mendelian disease. Gene is tolerant of LoF in gnomad, raising questions about the pathogenicity of the LoF variant. Commentaries questioning gene-disease relationship PMID: 36117916; 36238261; Changed rating: RED |
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| Mendeliome v1.472 | MTSS1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: MTSS1 was added gene: MTSS1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: MTSS1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: MTSS1 were set to 36067766 Phenotypes for gene: MTSS1 were set to Intellectual disability, MTSS1-related (MONDO#0001071) Review for gene: MTSS1 was set to GREEN Added comment: Five individuals with the same heterozygous de novo variant in MTSS2 (NM_138383.2: c.2011C>T [p.Arg671Trp]) identified by exome sequencing. The individuals presented with global developmental delay, mild intellectual disability, ophthalmological anomalies, microcephaly or relative microcephaly, and shared mild facial dysmorphisms. Immunoblots of fibroblasts from two affected individuals revealed that the variant does not significantly alter MTSS2 levels. We modeled the variant in Drosophila and showed that the fly ortholog missing-in-metastasis (mim) was widely expressed in most neurons and a subset of glia of the CNS. Loss of mim led to a reduction in lifespan, impaired locomotor behavior, and reduced synaptic transmission in adult flies. Expression of the human MTSS2 reference cDNA rescued the mim loss-of-function (LoF) phenotypes, whereas the c.2011C>T variant had decreased rescue ability compared to the reference, suggesting it is a partial LoF allele. However, elevated expression of the variant, but not the reference MTSS2 cDNA, led to similar defects as observed by mim LoF, suggesting that the variant is toxic and may act as a dominant-negative allele when expressed in flies. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.471 | TPR | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: TPR were changed from intellectual disability, MONDO:0001071; cerebellar ataxia, MONDO:0000437; microcephaly, MONDO:0001149 to Multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome, MONDO:0019042, TPR-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.470 | TPR | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: TPR: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome, MONDO:0019042, TPR-related; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.468 | SMC5 |
Zornitza Stark gene: SMC5 was added gene: SMC5 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SMC5 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SMC5 were set to 36333305 Phenotypes for gene: SMC5 were set to Multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome, MONDO:0019042, SLF2-related; Atelis syndrome; microcephaly; short stature; ID Review for gene: SMC5 was set to GREEN Added comment: Four individuals from three families with a chromosome breakage disorder and bi-allelic variants in this gene. However, three of the individuals had the same homozygous missense variant. Evidence for functional impact of the variant was limited. However, zebrafish model recapitulated the phenotype and was not rescued by the introduction of this variant, arguing for functional effect. Borderline Amber/Green Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.466 | SLF2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: SLF2 was added gene: SLF2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SLF2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SLF2 were set to 36333305 Phenotypes for gene: SLF2 were set to Multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome, MONDO:0019042, SLF2-related; Atelis syndrome; microcephaly; short stature; ID Review for gene: SLF2 was set to GREEN Added comment: Seven individuals from 6 families with a chromosome breakage disorder and bi-allelic variants in this gene (LoF). Functional data including zebrafish model. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.462 | ATP5F1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: ATP5F1 was added gene: ATP5F1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: ATP5F1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: ATP5F1 were set to 36239646 Phenotypes for gene: ATP5F1 were set to Hypermetabolism due to uncoupled mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation-2 (HUMOP2), MIM#620085 Review for gene: ATP5F1 was set to RED Added comment: Identical twins reported with a de novo missense variant in this gene and hyper metabolism: normal thyroid function, hyperphagia, tachypnea, increased basal temperature, and increased sweating. Biochemical studies demonstrated increased mitochondrial oxygen consumption with inefficient production of ATP in the final steps of oxidative phosphorylation due to an uncoupling defect Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v1.459 | RPS6KB1 |
Arina Puzriakova gene: RPS6KB1 was added gene: RPS6KB1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: RPS6KB1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Publications for gene: RPS6KB1 were set to 34916228 Phenotypes for gene: RPS6KB1 were set to Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Review for gene: RPS6KB1 was set to GREEN Added comment: Jain et al. 2022 (PMID: 34916228) reported on two unrelated HCM families with the same heterozygous missense RPS6KB1 variant (p.G47W), and subsequently three further unrelated probands with HCM harbouring distinct heterozygous variants (p.Q49K, p.Y62H, respectively). Variants segregated with disease, were predicted pathogenic by silico analyses and were ultrarare or absent in population databases. Functional studies in the HL-1 (mouse cardiomyocytes) cells showed that the patient-specific RPS6KB1 mutant significantly increased cell size and activated rpS6 and ERK1/2 signalling cascades. The relationship between RPS6KB1 and cardiac hypertrophy has also been explored in feline and mice models (PMID: 15226426; 17976640) Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.459 | HK1 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: HK1: Added comment: PMID 36333503: 14 non-coding de novo variants affecting a 42-bp conserved region encompassed by a regulatory element in intron 2 of the hexokinase 1 gene (HK1) identified in individuals with hyperinsulinism.; Changed publications: 19536174, 30778173, 25316723, 25190649, 31621442, 32814480, 7655856, 12393545, 33361148, 31119733, 27282571, 36333503; Changed phenotypes: Hyperinsulinism MONDO:0002177, HK1-related, Neuropathy, hereditary motor and sensory, Russe type , MIM#605285, Haemolytic anaemia due to hexokinase deficiency, MIM# 235700, Neurodevelopmental disorder with visual defects and brain anomalies, MIM# 618547, Retinitis pigmentosa 79, MIM# 617460 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.459 | FRA10AC1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: FRA10AC1 were changed from Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, FRA10AC1-related to Neurodevelopmental disorder with growth retardation, dysmorphic facies, and corpus callosum abnormalities, MIM# 620113 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.452 | WDR5 |
Bryony Thompson gene: WDR5 was added gene: WDR5 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: WDR5 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: WDR5 were set to DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xhgg.2022.100157 Phenotypes for gene: WDR5 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO:0700092, WDR5-related Mode of pathogenicity for gene: WDR5 was set to Other Review for gene: WDR5 was set to GREEN Added comment: Six different missense variants were identified (de novo) in 11 affected individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders, with a broad spectrum of additional features, including epilepsy, aberrant growth parameters, skeletal and cardiac abnormalities. In vivo and in vitro functional suggest that loss-of-function is not the mechanism of disease. The mechanism of disease is yet to be established. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.449 | PI4K2A | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: PI4K2A were changed from Cutis laxa, intellectual disability, movement disorder to complex neurodevelopmental disorder with motor features, PI4K2A-related, MONDO:0100516; Cutis laxa, intellectual disability, movement disorder | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.446 | DNAJB4 |
Karina Sandoval gene: DNAJB4 was added gene: DNAJB4 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: DNAJB4 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: DNAJB4 were set to PMID: 36264506 Phenotypes for gene: DNAJB4 were set to Myopathy, MONDO:0005336, DNAJB4-related Review for gene: DNAJB4 was set to GREEN Added comment: 4 individuals from 3 unrelated families with bi-allelic LoF/missense variants in this gene, and either childhood/adult onset of muscle weakness and respiratory failure. One had HCM. Functional studies including mouse model. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.444 | PI4K2A | Seb Lunke reviewed gene: PI4K2A: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 30564627, 35880319, 19581584; Phenotypes: complex neurodevelopmental disorder with motor features, PI4K2A-related, MONDO:0100516; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.442 | CAMSAP1 |
Naomi Baker gene: CAMSAP1 was added gene: CAMSAP1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: CAMSAP1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: CAMSAP1 were set to 36283405 Phenotypes for gene: CAMSAP1 were set to lissencephaly spectrum disorders (MONDO:0018838), CAMSAP1-related Review for gene: CAMSAP1 was set to GREEN Added comment: Five unrelated families with bi-allelic loss-of-function variants. Clinical features of the syndrome include a characteristic craniofacial appearance, primary microcephaly, lissencephaly, agenesis or severe hypogenesis of the corpus callosum, severe neurodevelopmental delay, cortical visual impairment, and seizures. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.442 | MYCBP2 |
Suliman Khan gene: MYCBP2 was added gene: MYCBP2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: MYCBP2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: MYCBP2 were set to PMID: 36200388 Phenotypes for gene: MYCBP2 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, MYCBP2-related; corpus callosum abnormalities Penetrance for gene: MYCBP2 were set to Complete Review for gene: MYCBP2 was set to GREEN Added comment: PMID: 36200388 reported eight patients with neurodevelopmental disorder including corpus callosum abnormalities, developmental delay, intellectual disability, epilepsy, and autistic features. Each patient harbored a de novo LOF variant in MYCBP2 gene. Functional study supported a direct link between MYCBP2 and neurodevelopmental spectrum disorder specifically corpus callosum defects. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.441 | KLHL20 |
Dean Phelan gene: KLHL20 was added gene: KLHL20 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: KLHL20 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: KLHL20 were set to PMID: 36214804 Phenotypes for gene: KLHL20 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO:0700092), KLHL20-related Review for gene: KLHL20 was set to GREEN Added comment: PMID: 36214804 - 14 patients with de novo missense variants in KLHL20. The patients had mild to severe ID, febrile seizures or epilepsy, autism spectrum disorder, hyperactivity and subtle dysmorphic facial features. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.440 | FICD |
Alison Yeung gene: FICD was added gene: FICD was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: FICD was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: FICD were set to 36136088 Phenotypes for gene: FICD were set to Hereditary motor neurone disease, FICD-related, MONDO:0024257 Review for gene: FICD was set to GREEN Added comment: Three unrelated families with recurrent homozygous missense variant: p.Arg374His One further family with Chet variants: p.Arg 374His and p.Gly370GlufsTer53 Fibroblasts from patients with FICD variants have abnormally increased levels of AMPylated and thus inactivated BiP. Onset of symptoms in childhood with progressive course. Presentation with severe lower limb spasticity and mild upper limb spascticity, nerve conduction test shows motor neuropathy. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.437 | FOXI3 |
Paul De Fazio gene: FOXI3 was added gene: FOXI3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: FOXI3 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Publications for gene: FOXI3 were set to 36260083 Phenotypes for gene: FOXI3 were set to Dysostosis with predominant craniofacial involvement (MONDO:0800085) Penetrance for gene: FOXI3 were set to Incomplete Review for gene: FOXI3 was set to GREEN gene: FOXI3 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: Ten affected individuals from 4 families reported with monoallelic variants, 2 with missense variants affecting the nuclear localisation sequence and 2 with frameshift variants. The missense variants were associated with isolated microtia with aural atresia and affected subcellular localisation of the protein, while the frameshift variants were associated with microtia and mandubular hypoplasia, suggesting dosage sensitivity. Rated green but CAUTION for incomplete penetrance. 3 of the 4 families had unaffected carriers. Family 1 in particular had 25 genotyped individuals, of which 15 were carriers, of which 5 were affected. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.435 | CBFB |
Ain Roesley gene: CBFB was added gene: CBFB was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: CBFB was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: CBFB were set to 36241386 Phenotypes for gene: CBFB were set to cleidocranial dysplasia (MONDO#0007340), CBFB-related Penetrance for gene: CBFB were set to Complete Review for gene: CBFB was set to GREEN gene: CBFB was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: 5 families with 8 individuals, including 2 de novos and 1 intragenic exon 4 deletion In 1 family, the mother did not report skeletal concerns but had dental abnormalities during childhood Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.430 | SCNM1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: SCNM1 were changed from Ciliopathy, SCNM1-related, MONDO:0005308 to Orofaciodigital syndrome XIX, MIM# 620107 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.429 | FRMD5 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: FRMD5 were changed from Neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO:0700092, FRMD5-related to Neurodevelopmental disorder with eye movement abnormalities and ataxia, MIM# 620094 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.427 | FGL2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: FGL2 was added gene: FGL2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: FGL2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: FGL2 were set to 36243222 Phenotypes for gene: FGL2 were set to Autoinflammatory syndrome, MONDO:0019751, FGL2-related Review for gene: FGL2 was set to AMBER Added comment: Child with early onset systemic inflammation, autoantibodies, and vasculitis. Homozygous truncating variant, functional studies include rescue experiments. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.425 | FKBP6 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: FKBP6 were changed from Spermatogenic failure (MONDO:0004983), FKBP6-related to Spermatogenic failure 77, MIM# 620103 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.423 | LETM1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: LETM1 were changed from Mitochondrial disease MONDO#0044970, LETM1-related to Childhood-onset neurodegeneration with multisystem involvement due to mitochondrial dysfunction (CONDMIM), MIM#620089 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.421 | HNRNPH1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: HNRNPH1 were changed from HNRNPH1‐related syndromic intellectual disability; early onset high myopia, MONDO:0001384 to Neurodevelopmental disorder with craniofacial dysmorphism and skeletal defects, MIM# 620083 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.418 | PRDM16 | Paul De Fazio reviewed gene: PRDM16: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 29367541, 29447731, 30847666, 33082984, 32183154, 33500567, 34540771, 34350506, 34935411; Phenotypes: Cardiomyopathy, dilated, 1LL MIM#615373, Left ventricular noncompaction 8 MIM#615373; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.418 | WNK4 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: More than 5 unrelated families reported.; to: More than 5 unrelated families reported. Caution: assessed as MODERATE by ClinGen. Although at least 9 individuals have been reported, all the reported variants are missense without other supportive functional or segregation data. |
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| Mendeliome v1.417 | TMEM147 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: TMEM147 were changed from Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO:0700092), TMEM147-related to Neurodevelopmental disorder with facial dysmorphism, absent language, and pseudo-Pelger-Huet anomaly, MIM# 620075 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.415 | CCDC34 |
Zornitza Stark gene: CCDC34 was added gene: CCDC34 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: CCDC34 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: CCDC34 were set to 34348960 Phenotypes for gene: CCDC34 were set to Spermatogenic failure 76, MIM# 620084 Review for gene: CCDC34 was set to GREEN Added comment: Two unrelated individuals reported with homozygous frameshift variants. Mouse model recapitulated phenotype. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v1.414 | NFAT5 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: NFAT5 were changed from Recurrent infections; Autoimmune enterocolopathy to Immune deficiency disease, MONDO:0003778, NFAT5-related; Recurrent infections; Autoimmune enterocolopathy; EBV susceptibility; HLH | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.411 | NFAT5 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: NFAT5: Added comment: Two additional individuals with missense variants reported in PMID 36238298: one with EBV infection with hepatitis and enterocolitis, and one with fatal HLH.; Changed rating: AMBER; Changed publications: 25667416, 36238298; Changed phenotypes: Immune deficiency disease, MONDO:0003778, NFAT5-related, Recurrent infections, Autoimmune enterocolopathy, EBV susceptibility, HLH | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.401 | FRMD5 |
Zornitza Stark gene: FRMD5 was added gene: FRMD5 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: FRMD5 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: FRMD5 were set to 36206744 Phenotypes for gene: FRMD5 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO:0700092, FRMD5-related Review for gene: FRMD5 was set to GREEN Added comment: Eight individuals reported with missense variants in this gene, de novo in 6 where parents were available. Clinical presentation was with ID, seizures, ataxia. Fly model. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.399 | GIGYF1 | Elena Savva Phenotypes for gene: GIGYF1 were changed from Developmental disorder to Autism, Intellectual disability, GIGYF1-related (MONDO#0001071) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.397 | GIGYF1 | Elena Savva reviewed gene: GIGYF1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 33057194; Phenotypes: Intellectual disability, GIGYF1-related (MONDO#0001071); Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.397 | TOMM7 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: TOMM7 were changed from growth retardation, intellectual developmental disorder, hypotonia, and hepatopathy MONDO:0014911 to Inborn mitochondrial disorder MONDO:0004069, TOMM7-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.396 | TOMM7 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: TOMM7: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Inborn mitochondrial disorder MONDO:0004069, TOMM7-related; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.392 | SEPT4 |
Bryony Thompson gene: SEPT4 was added gene: SEPT4 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SEPT4 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SEPT4 were set to 36135717; 15737931; 15737930 Phenotypes for gene: SEPT4 were set to male infertility MONDO:0005372 Review for gene: SEPT4 was set to GREEN Added comment: Two unrelated cases with primary male infertility (asthenoteratozoospermia) from consanguineous Chinsese families with 2 difference homozygous stopgain variants (Patient 1: c.721A>T, p.R241* and Patient 2: c.205C>T, p.R69*). Multiple supporting mouse models where the male mice are sterile. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.388 | EXOC6B |
Bryony Thompson gene: EXOC6B was added gene: EXOC6B was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: EXOC6B was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: EXOC6B were set to 26669664; 30284759; 36150098 Phenotypes for gene: EXOC6B were set to Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia with joint laxity MONDO:0019675 Review for gene: EXOC6B was set to GREEN Added comment: 6 affected individuals from 4 families, and supporting assays in patient cells PMID: 26669664 - 2 brothers with spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia (SEMD), multiple joint dislocations at birth, severe joint laxity, scoliosis, gracile metacarpals and metatarsals, delayed bone age and poorly ossified carpal and tarsal bones from a consanguineous family, with a homozygous nonsense variant [c.906T>A/p.(Tyr302*)] PMID: 30284759 - 2 sisters with dislocations of the hips and knees, long slender fingers with distal tapering, significant motor disability but normal (older sister) or low-normal intelligence (younger sister), with a homozygous in-frame deletion of exons 9-20 PMID: 36150098 - 2 unrelated probands from consanguineous families, one with a homozygous frameshift exon 20 deletion and one with a homozygous nonsense variant (c.401T>G p.Leu134Ter). Function assessment of patient fibroblast cell lines indicated abrogation of exocytosis leading to impaired primary ciliogenesis Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.385 | VPS33A |
Bryony Thompson changed review comment from: PMID: 28013294 - 13 cases homozygous for VPS33A c.1492C>T p.(Arg498Trp) from non-consanguineous Yakuti families with a Mucopolysaccharidoses-like disease (coarse facial features, skeletal abnormalities, hepatosplenomegaly, respiratory problems, intellectual disability, and excess secretion of urinary glycosaminoglycans). Lysosomal over-acidification and heparan sulphate accumulation were detected in patient-derived and VPS33A-depleted HeLa cells. PMID: 27547915 - 2 affected siblings homozygous for VPS33A p.(Arg498Trp) from a consanguineous Turkish family PMID: 31936524 - 1 homozygous case from a non-consanguineous Yakuti family PMID: 36153662 - an attenuated juvenile case with a new homozygous missense variant VPS33A c.599G>C p.(Arg200Pro). Urinary glycosaminoglycan analysis revealed increased heparan, dermatan sulphates, and hyaluronic acid and decreased abundance of VPS33A in patient-derived fibroblasts; to: Now two missense variants reported with disease in at least 15 probands/families PMID: 28013294 - 13 cases homozygous for VPS33A c.1492C>T p.(Arg498Trp) from non-consanguineous Yakuti families with a Mucopolysaccharidoses-like disease (coarse facial features, skeletal abnormalities, hepatosplenomegaly, respiratory problems, intellectual disability, and excess secretion of urinary glycosaminoglycans). Lysosomal over-acidification and heparan sulphate accumulation were detected in patient-derived and VPS33A-depleted HeLa cells. PMID: 27547915 - 2 affected siblings homozygous for VPS33A p.(Arg498Trp) from a consanguineous Turkish family PMID: 31936524 - 1 homozygous case from a non-consanguineous Yakuti family PMID: 36153662 - an attenuated juvenile case with a new homozygous missense variant VPS33A c.599G>C p.(Arg200Pro). Urinary glycosaminoglycan analysis revealed increased heparan, dermatan sulphates, and hyaluronic acid and decreased abundance of VPS33A in patient-derived fibroblasts |
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| Mendeliome v1.384 | DPH5 |
Zornitza Stark gene: DPH5 was added gene: DPH5 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: DPH5 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: DPH5 were set to 35482014 Phenotypes for gene: DPH5 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder with short stature, prominent forehead, and feeding difficulties, MIM# 620070 Review for gene: DPH5 was set to GREEN Added comment: 5 individuals from 3 unrelated families reported with severe ID, feeding difficulties, dysmorphic features and congenital anomalies, though there was no consistent pattern to these. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.382 | ADGRL1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ADGRL1 were changed from Neurodevelopmental disorder, ADGRL1-related (MONDO#0700092) to Developmental delay, behavioral abnormalities, and neuropsychiatric disorders, MIM# 620065 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.379 | ALG5 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ALG5 were changed from Cystic renal disease MONDO:0002473, ALG5-related to Polycystic kidney disease 7, MIM# 620056 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.378 | SLC32A1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: SLC32A1 were changed from Genetic epilepsy with febrile seizures plus to Genetic epilepsy with febrile seizures plus; Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy MONDO:0100062, SLC32A1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.375 | SCNM1 |
Elena Savva gene: SCNM1 was added gene: SCNM1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SCNM1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SCNM1 were set to PMID: 36084634 Phenotypes for gene: SCNM1 were set to Ciliopathy, SCNM1-related, MONDO:0005308 Review for gene: SCNM1 was set to GREEN Added comment: Iturrate (2022): three unrelated families (4 affected) w/ OFD, polydactyly, syndactyly and brachydactyly. All had biallelic variants (fs, missense, AluYc1 sequence insertion) and were consanguinous - the missense variant was shown to have a splice outcome Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.374 | DEPDC5 | Dean Phelan reviewed gene: DEPDC5: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID: 36067010, 32848577; Phenotypes: Neurodevelopmental disorder, DEPDC5-related, MONDO:0700092; Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.372 | LETM1 |
Ee Ming Wong gene: LETM1 was added gene: LETM1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: LETM1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: LETM1 were set to 36055214 Phenotypes for gene: LETM1 were set to Mitochondrial disease MONDO#0044970, LETM1-related gene: LETM1 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: -18 affected individuals from 11 unrelated families harbouring ultra-rare bi-allelic missense and loss-of-function LETM1 variants -Most of the affected individuals (14/18, 78%) had an infantile-onset disease manifestation, and 4/18 (22%) presented first symptoms between the ages of 1.5 and 2 years -Variant types included missense, frameshift, stop loss, in-frame deletion and splice defect -From biochemical and morphological studies, bi-allelic LETM1 variants are associated with defective mitochondrial K efflux, swollen mitochondrial matrix structures, and loss of important mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation protein components Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.371 | GABBR1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: GABBR1 was added gene: GABBR1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: GABBR1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: GABBR1 were set to 36103875 Phenotypes for gene: GABBR1 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder, GABBR1-related, MONDO:0700092 Review for gene: GABBR1 was set to GREEN Added comment: Four individuals with de novo variants in this gene and varying severity of DD/ID, seizures and hypotonia. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.369 | DUT |
Daniel Flanagan gene: DUT was added gene: DUT was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: DUT was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: DUT were set to 28073829; 35611808 Phenotypes for gene: DUT were set to Bone marrow failure and diabetes mellitus syndrome (MIM#620044) Review for gene: DUT was set to GREEN Added comment: Homozygous missense (p.(Tyr142Cys)) identified in eight affected individuals from four unrelated consanguineous families (French, Egyptian, two Libyan) with diabetes and bone marrow failure. DUT silencing in human and rat pancreatic b-cells results in apoptosis via the intrinsic cell death pathway. p.(Tyr142Cys) has 11 heterozygotes and no homozygotes in gnomAD. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v1.368 | SLC32A1 | Lucy Spencer reviewed gene: SLC32A1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 36073542; Phenotypes: developmental and epileptic encephalopathy MONDO:0100062, SLC32A1-related; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.366 | MED11 |
Ain Roesley gene: MED11 was added gene: MED11 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: MED11 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: MED11 were set to 36001086 Phenotypes for gene: MED11 were set to neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO#0700092, MED11-related Review for gene: MED11 was set to GREEN gene: MED11 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: 7 affected from 5 families (3x consang) with the same recurrent variant of p.(Arg109*). Protein truncating, NOT NMD as proven by RT-PCR and western blot. Zebrafish knockout model recapitulates key clinical phenotypes NO evidence of founder effect from haplotype analysis 7/7 cerebral dysgyria, cortical atrophy 5/7 limb contracture 4/7 epilepsy 3/7 families with IUGR 3/7 GDD 3/7 hearing loss 3/7 undescended testis 2/7 nystagmus 1/7 congenital cataract Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.365 | ATP6V0C | Naomi Baker reviewed gene: ATP6V0C: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID:36074901; Phenotypes: neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO:0700092), ATP6V0C-related; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.364 | ATP6V0C | Alison Yeung reviewed gene: ATP6V0C: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 36074901; Phenotypes: neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO:0700092), ATP6V0C-related; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.364 | SLC13A1 |
Lucy Spencer gene: SLC13A1 was added gene: SLC13A1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC13A1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SLC13A1 were set to 36175384 Phenotypes for gene: SLC13A1 were set to sulfation-related bone disorder MONDO:0019688, SLC13A1-related Review for gene: SLC13A1 was set to RED Added comment: PMID: 36175384- 1 patient with a homozygous nonsense variant in SLC13A1. Patient has enlargements of the joints, and spondylo-epi-metaphyseal radiological abnormalities in early childhood, which improved with age. Also autistic features and hyposulfatemia and hypersulfaturia, and reduced serum cholesterol sulfate. However the variant in this individual (Arg12Ter) has 569 hets and 1 hom in gnomad. Also this patient was homozygous for CFTR Ala455Gly which is a known pathogenic variant associated with a less severe CF phenotype. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.361 | SARS |
Ee Ming Wong edited their review of gene: SARS: Added comment: -Two missense variants within the aminoacylation domain identified in 16 affected individuals from 3 distinct CMT families -Mutant SerRS proteins exhibited reduced aminoacylation activity and abnormal SerRS dimerization, which suggests the impairment of total protein synthesis and induction of eIF2α phosphorylation; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed publications: 36088542; Changed phenotypes: Genetic peripheral neuropathy MONDO#0020127, SARS1-related |
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| Mendeliome v1.359 | MTSS1L |
Elena Savva gene: MTSS1L was added gene: MTSS1L was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: MTSS1L was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: MTSS1L were set to PMID: 36067766 Phenotypes for gene: MTSS1L were set to Intellectual disability, MTSS2-related (MONDO#0001071) Review for gene: MTSS1L was set to GREEN Added comment: Alt gene name: MTSS2 Huang (2022): recurring de novo missense variant (p.R671W) causing syndromic intellectual disability in 5 unrelated individuals. - Individuals present with GDD, mild ID (5/5), nystagmus (3/5), optic atrophy (1/5), ptosis (2/5), sensorineural hearing loss (2/4), microcephaly or relative microcephaly (5/5), and shared mild facial dysmorphisms. - Overexpression supports a DN mechanism Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.357 | DAW1 |
Alison Yeung gene: DAW1 was added gene: DAW1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: DAW1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: DAW1 were set to 36074124 Phenotypes for gene: DAW1 were set to Primary ciliary dyskinesia, MONDO:0016575; Visceral heterotaxy, MONDO:0018677 Review for gene: DAW1 was set to GREEN Added comment: Biallelic variants identified in two unrelated families. Zebrafish model recapitulates PCD and heterotaxy phenotype Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.355 | RABGAP1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: RABGAP1 was added gene: RABGAP1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: RABGAP1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: RABGAP1 were set to 36083289 Phenotypes for gene: RABGAP1 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder, RABGAP1-related,MONDO:0700092 Review for gene: RABGAP1 was set to GREEN Added comment: 5 individuals from three families reported with ID, microcephaly, SNHL and seizures. Mouse model recapitulated the phenotype. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.354 | FKBP6 |
Dean Phelan gene: FKBP6 was added gene: FKBP6 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: FKBP6 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: FKBP6 were set to PMID: 36150389 Phenotypes for gene: FKBP6 were set to Spermatogenic failure (MONDO:0004983), FKBP6-related Review for gene: FKBP6 was set to GREEN Added comment: PMID: 36150389 - large cohort study of men with severe spermatogenic failure (SPGF), identified six individuals with rare bi-allelic loss of function variants in FKBP6. RT-qPCR and immunofluorescence confirmed lack of FKBP6 expression. In mice, Fkbp6 has also been shown to be essential for spermatogenesis. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.354 | GCSH | Ain Roesley Phenotypes for gene: GCSH were changed from Glycine encephalopathy, MIM# 605899 to Glycine encephalopathy MIM#605899; neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO#0700092, GCHS-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.352 | GCSH | Ain Roesley edited their review of gene: GCSH: Changed phenotypes: Glycine encephalopathy MIM#605899, neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO#0700092, GCHS-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.351 | GCSH | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: GCSH: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 36190515; Phenotypes: glycine encephalopathy MONDO#0011612, GCSH-related, neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO#0700092, GCHS-related; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.348 | FOSL2 |
Krithika Murali gene: FOSL2 was added gene: FOSL2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: FOSL2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: FOSL2 were set to 36197437 Phenotypes for gene: FOSL2 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, FOSL2-related Review for gene: FOSL2 was set to GREEN Added comment: PMID 36197437 Cospain et al 2022 report 11 individuals from 10 families with heterozygous PTC variants in exon 4/4 of the FOSL2 gene. All variants were predicted to escape NMD resulting in a truncated protein, with the truncation occurring proximal to the C-terminal domain (supportive functional studies). In 10/11 families the variant occurred de novo in a single affected proband. In one family with 2 affected siblings, the variant was present in the siblings but absent in the unaffected parent likely due to gonadal mosaicism. Clinical features included: - Cutis aplasia congenital of the scalp (10/11) - Tooth enamel hypoplasia and discolouration (8/9) - Multiple other ectodermal features also noted e.g. small brittle nails, hypotrichosis/hypertrichosis, lichen sclerosis - 5 individuals had cataracts (mostly bilateral, congenital/early childhood onset) - 6/9 IUGR - 5/9 postnatal growth restriction - 7/9 developmental delay/ID - 5/7 ADHD/ASD - 2/9 seizures Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.346 | TRAF3 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: TRAF3: Added comment: PMID 35960817: Nine individuals from five unrelated families with childhood-onset immune diseases and recurrent infections. All patients had suffered recurrent ear and sinopulmonary infections, including pneumonias from encapsulated bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenza, resulting in early-onset bronchiectasis in several individuals; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed publications: 20832341, 35960817; Changed phenotypes: Autoinflammatory syndrome, TRAF3-related, MONDO:0019751, hypergammaglobulinemia, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, Sjögren’s syndrome, {?Encephalopathy, acute, infection-induced (herpes-specific), susceptibility to, 5}, MIM# 614849 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.346 | KCNK3 | Krithika Murali reviewed gene: KCNK3: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 36195757; Phenotypes: eurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, KCNK3-related, developmental delay with sleep apnoea (DDSA), Pulmonary hypertension, primary, 4-MIM#615344; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.346 | COQ4 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Primary coenzyme Q10 deficiency-7 (COQ10D7) is an autosomal recessive disorder resulting from mitochondrial dysfunction. Most patients have onset of severe cardiac or neurologic symptoms soon after birth. IUGR reported. At least 9 unrelated families reported.; to: Primary coenzyme Q10 deficiency-7 (COQ10D7) is an autosomal recessive disorder resulting from mitochondrial dysfunction. Most patients have onset of severe cardiac or neurologic symptoms soon after birth. IUGR reported. At least 9 unrelated families reported. Treatment: CoQ10 supplementation can limit disease progression and reverse some clinical manifestations. |
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| Mendeliome v1.345 | DOHH | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: DOHH were changed from Neurodevelopmental disorder, DOHH-related (MONDO#0700092) to Neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, cerebral atrophy, and visual impairment, MIM# 620066 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.342 | ACVR1 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva is a rare autosomal dominant disease with complete penetrance involving progressive ossification of skeletal muscle, fascia, tendons, and ligaments. FOP has a prevalence of approximately 1 in 2 million worldwide, and shows no geographic, ethnic, racial, or gender preference. Individuals with FOP appear normal at birth except for great toe abnormalities: the great toes are short, deviated, and monophalangic. Ossification occurs progressively over the course of a lifetime in an inevitable and unpredictable episodic manner. Multiple unrelated families reported. The R206H variant is recurrent. Note variants in this gene are also associated with congenital heart disease, PMID 29089047.; to: Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva is a rare autosomal dominant disease with complete penetrance involving progressive ossification of skeletal muscle, fascia, tendons, and ligaments. FOP has a prevalence of approximately 1 in 2 million worldwide, and shows no geographic, ethnic, racial, or gender preference. Individuals with FOP appear normal at birth except for great toe abnormalities: the great toes are short, deviated, and monophalangic. Ossification occurs progressively over the course of a lifetime in an inevitable and unpredictable episodic manner. Multiple unrelated families reported. The R206H variant is recurrent. Clinical trial with palovarotene Note variants in this gene are also associated with congenital heart disease, PMID 29089047. |
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| Mendeliome v1.342 | ATP7A |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: ATP7A-related copper transport disorders are classically separated in three pathologies according to their severity, all inherited in an X-linked recessive manner: Menkes disease (MD, OMIM #309400) which represent more than 90% of cases; occipital Horn Syndrome (OHS, OMIM #304150) and ATP7A-related distal motor neuropathy also named X-linked distal spinal muscular atrophy-3 (SMAX3, OMIM #300489). Although there is no clear cut correlation between Cu and ceruloplasmin levels in ATP7A related disorders, these three entities probably represent a continuum partly depending on residual functional ATP7A protein.; to: ATP7A-related copper transport disorders are classically separated in three pathologies according to their severity, all inherited in an X-linked recessive manner: Menkes disease (MD, OMIM #309400) which represent more than 90% of cases; occipital Horn Syndrome (OHS, OMIM #304150) and ATP7A-related distal motor neuropathy also named X-linked distal spinal muscular atrophy-3 (SMAX3, OMIM #300489). Although there is no clear cut correlation between Cu and ceruloplasmin levels in ATP7A related disorders, these three entities probably represent a continuum partly depending on residual functional ATP7A protein. Treatment for Menkes disease: subcutaneous injections of copper histidine or copper chloride ClinGen has assessed as moderate evidence for actionability. Neonatal treatment with subcutaneous copper-histidine (initiated before 30 days of life) is recommended for asymptomatic males with a diagnosis of MD, but is not recommended for symptomatic boys or after 30 days of life. Treatment should be continued indefinitely. In an open-label clinical trial, 12 patients with MD treated with copper-histidine within 22 days of life had 92% survival after a mean follow-up of 4.6 years compared to 13% in a historical control group of 15 patients treated after a late diagnosis (mean age at diagnosis: 163 ± 113 days, range: 42 to 390). Two of the 12 patients with earlier treatment had normal neurological development. A second open-label trial of 35 presymptomatic patients receiving copper-histidine at less than a month of age reported significant improvement of four major neurodevelopmental (gross motor, fine motor/adaptive, personal/social, and language) domains and a non-significant lower mortality (28.5% vs 50%) at age of 3 years (or age of death) compared to 22 patients treated later and after onset of symptoms. |
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| Mendeliome v1.339 | DPP9 |
Zornitza Stark gene: DPP9 was added gene: DPP9 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: DPP9 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: DPP9 were set to 36112693 Phenotypes for gene: DPP9 were set to Autoinflammatory syndrome MONDO:0019751, DPP9-related; recurrent fevers; repeated infections; herpes susceptibility; cytopenias Review for gene: DPP9 was set to GREEN Added comment: Three unrelated families with Hatipoğlu syndrome with biochemical and cellular assays, mouse and zebrafish models. Immunological features of recurrent fevers, repeated infections, herpes susceptibility, cytopenias. Sources: Expert Review |
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| Mendeliome v1.338 | APRT |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: APRT deficiency is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder that can lead to accumulation of the insoluble purine 2,8-dihydroxyadenine (DHA) in the kidney, which results in crystalluria and the formation of urinary stones. Clinical features include renal colic, hematuria, urinary tract infection, dysuria, and, in some cases, renal failure. The age at onset can range from 5 months to late adulthood; however, as many as 50% of APRT-deficient individuals may be asymptomatic.; to: APRT deficiency is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder that can lead to accumulation of the insoluble purine 2,8-dihydroxyadenine (DHA) in the kidney, which results in crystalluria and the formation of urinary stones. Clinical features include renal colic, hematuria, urinary tract infection, dysuria, and, in some cases, renal failure. The age at onset can range from 5 months to late adulthood; however, as many as 50% of APRT-deficient individuals may be asymptomatic. Treatable: allopurinol or febuxostat, low purine diet. |
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| Mendeliome v1.332 | PTPA |
Zornitza Stark gene: PTPA was added gene: PTPA was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: PTPA was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: PTPA were set to 36073231 Phenotypes for gene: PTPA were set to Intellectual disability, MONDO: 36073231, PTPA-related Review for gene: PTPA was set to AMBER Added comment: Biallelic PTPA pathogenic variants lead to a form of ID with later-onset parkinsonism based on 4 individuals from 2 families in the literature. Affected individuals were homozygous for missense variants demonstrated to result to reduced mRNA and protein levels as well as PP2A complex activation. Drosophila studies support an age-dependent locomotor dysfunction. Variants in other PP2A-complex-related genes also lead to NDDs. Summary provided below. There is currently no associated phenotype in OMIM, G2P, PanelApp UK or SysID. Consider inclusion in relevant panels (ID, Parkinsonism/movement disorders, etc) with amber rating pending further reports. ------ Fevga, Tesson et al (2022 - PMID: 36073231) describe the features of 4 individuals, from 2 unrelated families, with biallelic pathogenic PTPA variants. These presented with normal or delayed early milestones, learning disability and ID (mild to moderate) followed by progressive signs of parkinsonism (at the age of 11 yrs in 2 sibs, 15 yrs in another individual). Motor symptoms were responsive to levodopa and later to deep brain stimulation. Linkage analysis in one consanguineous family followed by exome revealed homozygosity for a missense PTPA variant (NM_178001:c.893T>G/p.Met298Arg). Exome sequencing in affected subjects from the 2nd family revealed homozygosity for a further missense variant (c.512C>A/p.Ala171Asp). There were no other candidate variants for the phenotype following parental / segregation studies. Role of the gene: As the authors discuss, PTPA (or PPP2R4) is ubiquitously expressed in all tissues incl. brain and encodes a phosphotyrosyl phosphatase activator of the dimeric form of protein phosphatase-2A (PP2A). PP2A in turn, is the major Ser/Thr phosphatase in brain targeting a large number of proteins involved in diverse functions. Activation of PP2A is dependent on its methylation, which is negatively regulated by the PP2A-specific methylesterase (PME-1). By binding to PME-1, PTPA counteracts the negative influence of the former on PP2A. Pathogenic variants in genes encoding subunits/regulators of the PP2A complex (e.g. PPP2R1A or PPP2CA) are associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. Variant studies: Upon overexpression of wt and both variants in a HEK-293 cell line the authors demonstrated that both variants resulted in significantly reduced mRNA and protein levels (which for Ala171Asp were attributed to increased proteasomal degradation). Both variants were shown to result in impaired PP2A complex activation compared to wt. Drosophila / animal models: Pan-neuronal RNAi-mediated knockdown of ptpa in Drosophila resulted in an age-dependent locomotor dysfunction, reversible with L-DOPA treatment. Previous studies in mice suggest cognitive/electrophysiological impairments upon downregulation of PP2A activity in transgenic mice. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.331 | PKHD1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: PKHD1 were changed from Polycystic kidney disease 4, with or without hepatic disease, MIM# 263200 to Polycystic kidney disease 4, with or without hepatic disease, MIM# 263200; Nephrocalcinosis, MONDO:0001567, PKHD1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.328 | PKHD1 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: PKHD1: Added comment: Notę heterozygous carriers reported to have liver cysts and nephrocalcinosis, gene-disease association considered MODERATE by ClinGen.; Changed publications: 28375157, 21945273; Changed phenotypes: Polycystic kidney disease 4, with or without hepatic disease, MIM# 263200, Nephrocalcinosis, MONDO:0001567, PKHD1-related; Changed mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.328 | PPP2R5C | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: PPP2R5C were changed from macrocephaly; intellectual disability to Neurodevelopmental disorder, PPP2R5C-related (MONDO:070092); macrocephaly; intellectual disability | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.325 | PPP2R5C | Teresa Zhao reviewed gene: PPP2R5C: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: Other; Publications: PMID: 25972378; Phenotypes: Neurodevelopmental disorder, PPP2R5C-related (MONDO:070092); Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.323 | NODAL |
Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: NODAL: Added comment: NODAL is a good biological candidate for heterotaxy disorders, and this is supported by animal models. The gene is depleted for LoF variants in gnomad. The missense variants reported in PMIDs 9354794 and 19064609 are present at a high population frequency in gnomad, including some in homozygous case: their association with disease is DISPUTED. A total of at least 7 families reported with severe CHD and high impact variants (stop gain, frameshift and canonical splice site). However, almost invariably these were inherited from unaffected or questionably affected parents (e.g. self reports of heart murmur in childhood), raising questions about whether these variants contribute to disease under a monogenic or polygenic model and/or about penetrance. Discussed at GenCC on 13/9/2022 and agreed on MODERATE assessment.; Changed rating: AMBER; Changed publications: 9354794, 19064609, 29368431, 19933292, 11311163, 30293987 |
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| Mendeliome v1.319 | TRAPPC10 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: TRAPPC10 were changed from neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO:0700092), TRAPPC10-related to Neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, short stature, and speech delay, MIM# 620027 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.318 | UBAP2L |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Based on Jia et al (2022 - PMID: 35977029) speech, motor delay as well as ID are observed in individuals harboring de novo pLoF variants in UBAP2L. The gene encodes a regulator of the stress granule (SG) assembly. Extensive evidence is provided on the effect of variants as well as the role of UBAP2L and other genes for components and/or regulation of SG in pathogenesis of NDDs. Among others a Ubap2l htz deletion mouse model (behavioral and cognitive impairment, abnormal cortical development due to impaired SG assembly, etc). Data from 26 previous studies, aggregating 40,853 probands with NDDs (mostly DD/ID, also ASD) suggest enrichment for DNMs in UBAP2L or other genes previously known and further shown to be important for SG formation (incl. G3BP1/G3BP2, CAPRIN1). Sources: Literature; to: Based on Jia et al (2022 - PMID: 35977029) speech, motor delay as well as ID are observed in 11 individuals harboring de novo pLoF variants in UBAP2L. The gene encodes a regulator of the stress granule (SG) assembly. Extensive evidence is provided on the effect of variants as well as the role of UBAP2L and other genes for components and/or regulation of SG in pathogenesis of NDDs. Among others a Ubap2l htz deletion mouse model (behavioral and cognitive impairment, abnormal cortical development due to impaired SG assembly, etc). Data from 26 previous studies, aggregating 40,853 probands with NDDs (mostly DD/ID, also ASD) suggest enrichment for DNMs in UBAP2L or other genes previously known and further shown to be important for SG formation (incl. G3BP1/G3BP2, CAPRIN1). Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.317 | UBAP2L |
Zornitza Stark gene: UBAP2L was added gene: UBAP2L was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: UBAP2L was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: UBAP2L were set to 35977029 Phenotypes for gene: UBAP2L were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, UBAP2L-related Review for gene: UBAP2L was set to GREEN Added comment: Based on Jia et al (2022 - PMID: 35977029) speech, motor delay as well as ID are observed in individuals harboring de novo pLoF variants in UBAP2L. The gene encodes a regulator of the stress granule (SG) assembly. Extensive evidence is provided on the effect of variants as well as the role of UBAP2L and other genes for components and/or regulation of SG in pathogenesis of NDDs. Among others a Ubap2l htz deletion mouse model (behavioral and cognitive impairment, abnormal cortical development due to impaired SG assembly, etc). Data from 26 previous studies, aggregating 40,853 probands with NDDs (mostly DD/ID, also ASD) suggest enrichment for DNMs in UBAP2L or other genes previously known and further shown to be important for SG formation (incl. G3BP1/G3BP2, CAPRIN1). Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.313 | PPFIBP1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: PPFIBP1 were changed from Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, PPFIBP1-related to Neurodevelopmental disorder with seizures, microcephaly, and brain abnormalities, MIM# 620024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.311 | PDZD8 |
Zornitza Stark gene: PDZD8 was added gene: PDZD8 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: PDZD8 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: PDZD8 were set to 35227461 Phenotypes for gene: PDZD8 were set to Intellectual developmental disorder with autism and dysmorphic facies, MIM# 620021 Review for gene: PDZD8 was set to GREEN Added comment: Four individuals from two unrelated families, Drosophila and mouse models support gene-disease association. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.310 | SLC31A1 |
Daniel Flanagan gene: SLC31A1 was added gene: SLC31A1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC31A1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SLC31A1 were set to PMID: 35913762 Phenotypes for gene: SLC31A1 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder, SLC31A1-related (MONDO#0700092) Review for gene: SLC31A1 was set to RED Added comment: SLC31A1 is also referred to as CTR1. Monozygotic twins with hypotonia, global developmental delay, seizures, and rapid brain atrophy, consistent with profound central nervous system copper deficiency. Homozygous for a novel missense variant (p.(Arg95His)) in copper transporter CTR1, both parents heterozygous. A mouse knock-out model of CTR1 deficiency resulted in prenatal lethality. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v1.310 | HNRNPH1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: HNRNPH1 were changed from HNRNPH1‐related syndromic intellectual disability to HNRNPH1‐related syndromic intellectual disability; early onset high myopia, MONDO:0001384 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.304 | NBAS | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: NBAS: Added comment: PMID 35902954 - Biallelic NBAS variants identifed in three HLH patients who harbored no pathogenic variants in any of the known HLH genes. Functionally, impaired NK-cell cytotoxicity and degranulation were revealed in both NBAS biallelic variant patients and in an NBAS-defcient NK-cell line. Knockdown of NBAS in an NK-cell line (IMC-1) using short hairpin RNA (shRNA) resulted in loss of lytic granule polarization and a decreased number of cytotoxic vesicles near the Golgi apparatus.; Changed publications: 31761904, 35902954; Changed phenotypes: Short stature, optic nerve atrophy, and Pelger-Huet anomaly, MIM# 614800, Infantile liver failure syndrome 2, MIM# 616483, Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), MONDO:0015541 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.302 | COX11 |
Zornitza Stark gene: COX11 was added gene: COX11 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: COX11 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: COX11 were set to 36030551 Phenotypes for gene: COX11 were set to Mitochondrial disease (MONDO:0044970), COX11-related Review for gene: COX11 was set to GREEN Added comment: PMID: 36030551 - Biallelic variants in COX11 associated with infantile-onset mitochondrial encephalopathies in two unrelated consanguineous families, one with homozygous missense variant, another with homozygous frameshift variant. - Functional studies supported pathogenicity of the missense variant, and showed that mutant COX11 fibroblasts had decreased ATP levels which could be rescued by CoQ10. - RNA studies suggested the mutant transcript with p.(Val12Glyfs*21) is not degraded by nonsense mediated decay. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.299 | SAT1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: SAT1 were changed from to Systemic lupus erythematosus, MONDO:0007915, SAT1-related; Keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.295 | CEP104 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: CEP104 were changed from Joubert syndrome 25, MIM# 616781; MONDO:0014770 to Joubert syndrome 25, MIM# 616781; MONDO:0014770; Neurodevelopmental disorder; MONDO:0014770, CEP104-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.293 | GATA1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: GATA1 were changed from Thrombocytopaenia, X-linked, with or without dyserythropoietic anaemia, MIM# 300367; Haemolytic anaemia due to elevated adenosine deaminase, MIM# 301083; Anemia, X-linked, with/without neutropenia and/or platelet abnormalities, MIM# 300835 to Thrombocytopaenia, X-linked, with or without dyserythropoietic anaemia, MIM# 300367; Haemolytic anaemia due to elevated adenosine deaminase, MIM# 301083; Anemia, X-linked, with/without neutropenia and/or platelet abnormalities, MIM# 300835; Diamond-Blackfan anemia (MONDO:0015253) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.291 | GATA1 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: GATA1: Added comment: PMID 36029112: De novo GATA1 initiation codon variant (c.3G>A) identified in a Diamond-Blackfan Anaemia patient. Functional evidence showed that the variant does not affect the GATA1 mRNA but brings about a shorter GATA1 isoform (GATA1s) and reduced full-length functional GATA1 protein (GATA1fl), thereby contributing to an erythropoietic defect. Four other GATA1 variants (c.2T>C, c.220G>C, c.220delG, c.220+2T>C) found in eight families have been described as DBA phenotype.; Changed publications: 36029112; Changed phenotypes: Thrombocytopaenia, X-linked, with or without dyserythropoietic anaemia, MIM# 300367, Haemolytic anaemia due to elevated adenosine deaminase, MIM# 301083, Anemia, X-linked, with/without neutropenia and/or platelet abnormalities, MIM# 300835, Diamond-Blackfan anemia (MONDO:0015253) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.291 | LGI3 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: LGI3 were changed from Global developmental delay; Intellectual disability; Distal deformities; Diminished reflexes; Facial myokymia; Hyporeflexia/areflexi to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, LGI3-related; Global developmental delay; Intellectual disability; Distal deformities; Diminished reflexes; Facial myokymia; Hyporeflexia/areflexi | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.289 | LGI3 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: LGI3: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, LGI3-related; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.289 | TMEM147 |
Naomi Baker gene: TMEM147 was added gene: TMEM147 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: TMEM147 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: TMEM147 were set to PMID: 36044892 Phenotypes for gene: TMEM147 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO:0700092), TMEM147-related Review for gene: TMEM147 was set to GREEN Added comment: PMID: 36044892; Twelve different variants reported in 23 affected individuals from 15 unrelated families with biallelic variants. All individuals had global developmental delay and intellectual disability. Consistent facial dysmorphisms included coarse facies, prominent forehead, board depressed nasal root, tented mouth, long smooth philtrum, and low-set ears. In vitro studies of missense variants demonstrated accelerated protein degradation via the autophagy-lysosomal pathway, while analysis of primary fibroblasts and granulocytes provided functional evidence of ER and nuclear envelope dysfunction. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.289 | SARS | Ee Ming Wong reviewed gene: SARS: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: Other; Publications: 36041817; Phenotypes: neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO#070009, SARS1-related; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.286 | CBLB |
Alison Yeung gene: CBLB was added gene: CBLB was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: CBLB was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: CBLB were set to 36006710 Phenotypes for gene: CBLB were set to Autoimmune disease, MONDO:0007179 Review for gene: CBLB was set to GREEN Added comment: Distinct homozygous mutations in CBLB were identified in three unrelated children with early onset autoimmunity. Mice homozygous for the CBL-B p.H257L mutation, which corresponds to the patient's p.H285L mutation, had T and B cell hyper-proliferation in response to antigen receptor cross-linking. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.285 | HNRNPH1 |
Hazel Phillimore changed review comment from: PMID: 35989590; Ouyang, J. et al. (2022): Two loss of function variants c.2dup, p.(M1?) and c.121dup, p.(Q41Pfs*20), were found in two individuals with early onset high myopia. They were in cohort of 928 probands with early onset high myopia. The pedigrees for these probands indicate that no other relatives were affected. However, it does not appear that any relatives were tested for these variants. These variants were reported to be absent in gnomAD. Note: there is actually 1 heterozygote for an alternative variant that is predicted to cause p.(Met1?) in gnomADv2). In gnomAD, there are very few LOF variants. (LOF shows pLI = 1). The group also studied knockdown of this gene in zebrafish, which resulted in ocular coloboma.; to: PMID: 35989590; Ouyang, J. et al. (2022): Two loss of function variants c.2dup, p.(M1?) and c.121dup, p.(Q41Pfs*20), were found in two individuals with early onset high myopia. They were in cohort of 928 probands with early onset high myopia. The pedigrees for these probands indicate that no other relatives were affected. However, it does not appear that any relatives were tested for these variants. These variants were reported to be absent in gnomAD. Note: there is actually 1 heterozygote for an alternative variant that is predicted to cause p.(Met1?) in gnomADv2. In gnomAD, there are very few LOF variants. (LOF shows pLI = 1). The group also studied knockdown of this gene in zebrafish, which resulted in ocular coloboma. |
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| Mendeliome v1.285 | TMEM163 |
Teresa Zhao changed review comment from: Four unrelated families with a hypomyelinating leukodystrophy phenotype. Genomic testing identified three distinct heterozygous missense variants in TMEM163 with two unrelated individuals sharing the same de novo variant. All have global developmental delay, three of them have seizures and two have ID. Sources: Literature; to: Four unrelated families with a hypomyelinating leukodystrophy phenotype. Genomic testing identified three distinct heterozygous missense variants in TMEM163 with two unrelated individuals sharing the same de novo variant. All have global developmental delay, three of them have seizures. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.283 | MET |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: PMID 30777867: Four-generation Chinese arthrogryposis pedigree with only upper limb involvement. MET c.3701A>G p.Y1234C segregated as heterozygous in 11 affected family members and was absent from 12 unaffected family members. Variant is absent from gnomad. Functional studies showed this variant caused failure of phosphorylation and loss of tyrosine kinase activity of MET receptor. A mouse model was also created with this variant, mutated mice were found to be smaller than WT mice and had reduced myofibres. These mouse models also had defective migration of muscle progenitor cells and impaired proliferation of secondary myoblasts. Phenotypes in this family included camptodactyly, absent flexion crease, and limited forearm supination.; to: PMID 30777867: Four-generation Chinese arthrogryposis pedigree with only upper limb involvement. MET c.3701A>G p.Y1234C segregated as heterozygous in 11 affected family members and was absent from 12 unaffected family members. Variant is absent from gnomad. Functional studies showed this variant caused failure of phosphorylation and loss of tyrosine kinase activity of MET receptor. A mouse model was also created with this variant, mutated mice were found to be smaller than WT mice and had reduced myofibres. These mouse models also had defective migration of muscle progenitor cells and impaired proliferation of secondary myoblasts. Phenotypes in this family included camptodactyly, absent flexion crease, and limited forearm supination. AMBER for this association |
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| Mendeliome v1.283 | MET |
Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: MET: Added comment: PMID 30777867: Four-generation Chinese arthrogryposis pedigree with only upper limb involvement. MET c.3701A>G p.Y1234C segregated as heterozygous in 11 affected family members and was absent from 12 unaffected family members. Variant is absent from gnomad. Functional studies showed this variant caused failure of phosphorylation and loss of tyrosine kinase activity of MET receptor. A mouse model was also created with this variant, mutated mice were found to be smaller than WT mice and had reduced myofibres. These mouse models also had defective migration of muscle progenitor cells and impaired proliferation of secondary myoblasts. Phenotypes in this family included camptodactyly, absent flexion crease, and limited forearm supination.; Changed publications: 30777867 |
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| Mendeliome v1.283 | TMEM163 |
Teresa Zhao gene: TMEM163 was added gene: TMEM163 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: TMEM163 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Publications for gene: TMEM163 were set to PMID: 35953447 Phenotypes for gene: TMEM163 were set to Hypomyelinating leukodystrophy Review for gene: TMEM163 was set to GREEN Added comment: Four unrelated families with a hypomyelinating leukodystrophy phenotype. Genomic testing identified three distinct heterozygous missense variants in TMEM163 with two unrelated individuals sharing the same de novo variant. All have global developmental delay, three of them have seizures and two have ID. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.283 | LGI3 |
Melanie Marty gene: LGI3 was added gene: LGI3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: LGI3 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: LGI3 were set to PMID: 35948005 Phenotypes for gene: LGI3 were set to Global developmental delay; Intellectual disability; Distal deformities; Diminished reflexes; Facial myokymia; Hyporeflexia/areflexi Review for gene: LGI3 was set to GREEN Added comment: Sixteen individuals from eight unrelated families with loss-of-function (LoF) bi-allelic variants in LGI3. Lgi3-null mice showed reduced and mis-local-ized Kv1 channel complexes in myelinated peripheral axons. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.283 | NOTCH1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: NOTCH1 were changed from Adams-Oliver syndrome 5 (MIM#616028) to Adams-Oliver syndrome 5 (MIM#616028); Genetic cerebral small vessel disease (MONDO:0018787), NOTCH1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.276 | SAT1 | Ee Ming Wong reviewed gene: SAT1: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 35977808; Phenotypes: Systemic lupus erythematosus, MONDO:0007915, SAT1-related; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.276 | NOTCH1 |
Chern Lim changed review comment from: PMID: 35947102: - Seven unrelated patients with leukoencephalopathy and calcifications, germline heterozygous de novo gain-of-function variants in NOTCH1. - Missense and small inframe insertion variants in the negative regulatory region.; to: PMID: 35947102: - Seven unrelated patients with leukoencephalopathy and calcifications, germline heterozygous de novo gain-of-function variants in NOTCH1. - Other clinical features include intellectual disability, spasticity and etc. Childhood onset in most individuals however 15y and 40y reported in two individuals. - Missense and small inframe insertion variants in the negative regulatory region. |
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| Mendeliome v1.276 | ADAMTS15 |
Naomi Baker changed review comment from: PMID: 35962790; Four different homozygous variants identified in five affected individuals from four unrelated consanguineous families presenting with congenital flexion contractures of the interphalangeal joints and hypoplastic or absent palmar creases. All patients also had a mild appearance of fetal finger pads and clinodactyly of the fifth finger. Other reported phenotypes include: ontractures of knee, Achilles tendon, and ankle (4/5), spine involvement (kyphoscoliosis and/or spinal stiffness) (4/5), and orthodontic features (small mouth, dental crowding, missing teeth, or arched palate) (4/5). Sources: Literature; to: PMID: 35962790; Four different homozygous variants identified in five affected individuals from four unrelated consanguineous families presenting with congenital flexion contractures of the interphalangeal joints and hypoplastic or absent palmar creases. All patients also had a mild appearance of fetal finger pads and clinodactyly of the fifth finger. Other reported phenotypes include: contractures of knee, Achilles tendon, and ankle (4/5), spine involvement (kyphoscoliosis and/or spinal stiffness) (4/5), and orthodontic features (small mouth, dental crowding, missing teeth, or arched palate) (4/5). Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.276 | ADAMTS15 |
Naomi Baker gene: ADAMTS15 was added gene: ADAMTS15 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ADAMTS15 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: ADAMTS15 were set to PMID: 35962790 Phenotypes for gene: ADAMTS15 were set to Arthrogryposis (MONDO:0008779), ADMATS15-related Review for gene: ADAMTS15 was set to GREEN Added comment: PMID: 35962790; Four different homozygous variants identified in five affected individuals from four unrelated consanguineous families presenting with congenital flexion contractures of the interphalangeal joints and hypoplastic or absent palmar creases. All patients also had a mild appearance of fetal finger pads and clinodactyly of the fifth finger. Other reported phenotypes include: ontractures of knee, Achilles tendon, and ankle (4/5), spine involvement (kyphoscoliosis and/or spinal stiffness) (4/5), and orthodontic features (small mouth, dental crowding, missing teeth, or arched palate) (4/5). Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.276 | NOTCH1 | Chern Lim edited their review of gene: NOTCH1: Changed phenotypes: Genetic cerebral small vessel disease (MONDO:0018787), NOTCH1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.276 | CAPRIN1 |
Paul De Fazio gene: CAPRIN1 was added gene: CAPRIN1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: CAPRIN1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Publications for gene: CAPRIN1 were set to 35979925 Phenotypes for gene: CAPRIN1 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder, CAPRIN1-related MONDO:0700092 Review for gene: CAPRIN1 was set to GREEN gene: CAPRIN1 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: 12 individuals reported with ID and language impairment. Other features included seizures (4 individuals), hands and feet malformations (5 individuals), breathing problems (6 individuals), ocular problems (4 individuals) and hearing problems (3 individuals). All of the variants were nonsense (NMD-predicted) or splicing variants. 10 were de novo, 1 was inherited from an affected father. Functional studies supported pathogenicity. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.276 | LHX8 |
Alison Yeung gene: LHX8 was added gene: LHX8 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: LHX8 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: LHX8 were set to 36029299 Phenotypes for gene: LHX8 were set to Inherited premature ovarian failure, MONDO:0019852, LHX8-related Review for gene: LHX8 was set to GREEN Added comment: Heterozygous LOF variants identified in 6 families with premature ovarian failure due to oocyte maturation arrest. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.275 | LEF1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: LEF1 were changed from Ectodermal dysplasia, no OMIM# yet to Syndromic disease, MONDO:0002254, LEF1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.271 | LEF1 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: LEF1: Added comment: Monoallelic variants in LEF1 reported in 11 affected individuals from 4 unrelated families, and a biallelic variant reported in an affected individual from a consanguineous family. The phenotypic spectrum included various limb malformations, such as radial ray defects, polydactyly or split hand/foot, and ectodermal dysplasia. Haploinsufficiency or loss of DNA binding postulated to be responsible for a mild to moderate phenotype, whereas loss of β-catenin binding caused by biallelic variants postulated to be associated with a severe phenotype.; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed publications: 32022899, 35583550; Changed phenotypes: Syndromic disease, MONDO:0002254, LEF1-related; Changed mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.270 | CCDC82 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: CCDC82 were changed from Intellectual disability and spastic paraparesis, no OMIM # to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, CCDC82-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.268 | CCDC82 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: CCDC82: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, CCDC82-related; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.268 | NPNT | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: NPNT were changed from Renal agenesis, no OMIM # to Renal agenesis, MONDO:0018470, NPNT-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.266 | NPNT | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: NPNT: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Renal agenesis, MONDO:0018470, NPNT-related; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.266 | KIF5B | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: KIF5B were changed from Skeletal dysplasia, MONDO:0018230 to Skeletal dysplasia, MONDO:0018230, KIF5B-related; Kyphomelic dysplasia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.259 | NPNT |
Chirag Patel gene: NPNT was added gene: NPNT was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: NPNT was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: NPNT were set to PMID: 35246978, 34049960, 17537792 Phenotypes for gene: NPNT were set to Renal agenesis, no OMIM # Review for gene: NPNT was set to GREEN Added comment: 3 consanguineous families with multiple affecteds with bilateral renal agenesis. Whole-exome sequencing (WES)-based homozygosity mapping identified 2 homozygous truncating variants. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction data showing complete nonsense-mediated decay of the NPNT transcript. Loss of nephronectin (NPNT) is known to lead to failure of metanephric kidney development with resulting renal agenesis in murine models. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.257 | KIF5B |
Chirag Patel gene: KIF5B was added gene: KIF5B was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: KIF5B was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: KIF5B were set to PMID: 35342932 Phenotypes for gene: KIF5B were set to Kyphomelic dysplasia, no OMIM # Review for gene: KIF5B was set to GREEN Added comment: 4 individuals with Kyphomelic dysplasia (severe bowing of the limbs, sharp angulation of the femora and humeri, short stature, narrow thorax, distinctive facial features, and neonatal respiratory distress. WES found de novo heterozygous missense variants in KIF5B encoding kinesin-1 heavy chain. All variants involved conserved amino acids in or close to the ATPase activity-related motifs in the catalytic motor domain of the KIF5B protein. No functional studies of variants. Previously 2 animal model experiments showed that loss of function of KIF5B can cause kyphomelic dysplasia. First, chondrocyte-specific knockout of Kif5b in mice was shown to produce a disorganized growth plate, leading to bone deformity. Second, double mutants disrupting the two zebrafish kif5b caused abnormal skeletal morphogenesis and the curvature of Meckel's and ceratohyal cartilages. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.256 | FBXW7 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: FBXW7 were changed from neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO:0700092; FBXW7-related neurodevelopmental syndrome; Wilms tumor MONDO:0006058 to Developmental delay, hypotonia, and impaired language, MIM# 620012; Wilms tumour predisposition | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.252 | FOCAD |
Zornitza Stark gene: FOCAD was added gene: FOCAD was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: FOCAD was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: FOCAD were set to 35864190 Phenotypes for gene: FOCAD were set to Liver disease, severe congenital, MIM# 619991 Review for gene: FOCAD was set to GREEN Added comment: Moreno Traspas et al 2022 reported 14 children from ten unrelated families with syndromic form of pediatric liver cirrhosis. Genome/exome sequencing analysis reveled biallelic variants in the FOCAD gene. Most of the mutations were nonsense, frameshift, or splice site alterations, predicted to result in a loss of function, but there were also 3 missense variants at highly conserved residues. Western blot analysis of dermal fibroblasts derived from 2 patients showed near absent FOCAD expression in cellular extracts. There were also decreased levels of the SKIC2 protein, suggesting that FOCAD may contribute to the stability of RNA helicase (OMIM: 619991). Sources: Expert Review |
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| Mendeliome v1.251 | TAF4 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: TAF4 were changed from Neurodevelopmental disorder to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, TAF4-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.248 | TAF4 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: TAF4: Changed rating: GREEN; Changed publications: 33875846, 28191890, 35904126; Changed phenotypes: Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, TAF4-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.247 | ZMYND8 |
Zornitza Stark gene: ZMYND8 was added gene: ZMYND8 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: ZMYND8 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: ZMYND8 were set to 35916866; 32530565 Phenotypes for gene: ZMYND8 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, ZMYND8-related; Delayed speech and language development; Motor delay; Intellectual disability; Abnormality of cardiovascular system morphology; Hearing abnormality; Abnormality of vision; Abnormality of the face; Seizures Review for gene: ZMYND8 was set to GREEN Added comment: Dias et al (2022 - PMID: 35916866) describe the phenotype of 11 unrelated individuals with monoallelic de novo (or suspected de novo) missense (N=9) or truncating (N=2) ZMYND8 variants. One of these subjects was previously reported by Suzuki et al (2020 - PMID: 32530565). Features included speech delay/language difficulties (9/11), motor delay (9/11), ID (in 10/11 - profound in 1, moderate in 2), CHD (7/11 - PDA, VSD, ASD, pulmonary stenosis, etc), hearing or vision impairment (7/11). Seizures were reported in few (in text 5/11, table 2/11). Variable non-familial facial features were present in (9/11). As the authors discuss, ZMYND8 encodes a multidomain protein playing a role in transcription regulation, chromatin remodeling, regulation of super enhancers, DNA damage response/tumor suppression. The protein is broadly expressed in brain and shows highest expression in early development. Molecular modeling and/or a yeast two-hybrid system were suggestive of disrupted interaction of ZMYND8 with Drebrin (missense variants in PWWP domain) or GATAD2A (variants in MYND domain). Neuronal Zmynd8 knockdown in Drosophila resulted in deficits in habituation learning. Sources: Expert Review |
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| Mendeliome v1.246 | TRAC | Seb Lunke Added comment: Comment on list classification: Single variant reported to date in 6 patients; 2 unrelated children from consanguineous families of Pakistani descent (PMID: 21206088); 1 non-consanguineous family from North-west India (PMID: 33909184) and 1 consanguineous parents of East Indian (https://lymphosign.com/doi/10.14785/lymphosign-2022-0001) Also note annotation issues in certain variant curation and annotation tools. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.245 | PAX5 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: PAX5 were changed from Neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO:0700092, PAX5-related to Neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO:0700092, PAX5-related; Hypogammaglobulinaemia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.242 | PAX5 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: PAX5: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 35947077; Phenotypes: Neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO:0700092, PAX5-related, Hypogammaglobulinaemia; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.239 | SMG9 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: SMG9: Added comment: PMID 35087184: 5 individuals from 3 unrelated Finnish families reported with same homozygous missense variant (founder effect) and predominantly neurological phenotype. Uncertain if this is a distinct disorder or part of a spectrum with the previously reported cases.; Changed publications: 27018474, 31390136, 35087184; Changed phenotypes: Heart and brain malformation syndrome, MIM# 616920, Neurodevelopmental disorder with intention tremor, pyramidal signs, dyspraxia, and ocular anomalies, MIM# 619995 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.239 | THUMPD1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: THUMPD1 were changed from Syndromic disease, MONDO:0002254, THUMPD1-related to Neurodevelopmental disorder with speech delay and variable ocular anomalies, MIM# 619989 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.238 | OTULIN | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: OTULIN were changed from Autoinflammation, panniculitis, and dermatosis syndrome, MIM# 617099; Susceptibility to infection with Staphylococcus aureus; Hereditary predisposition to infections, MONDO:0015979, OTULIN-related to Autoinflammation, panniculitis, and dermatosis syndrome, MIM# 617099; Immunodeficiency 107, susceptibility to invasive staphylococcus aureus infection, MIM# 619986 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.237 | TAF4 | Ee Ming Wong reviewed gene: TAF4: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 33875846, 28191890, 35904126; Phenotypes: Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, TAF4-related; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.237 | SPTBN5 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: SPTBN5 were changed from Sacral agenesis; congenital anomalies to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, SPTBN5-related; Sacral agenesis; congenital anomalies | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.233 | SPTBN5 |
Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: SPTBN5: Added comment: Monoallelic variants: - Four probands from unrelated families (1x Pakistani and 3x Italian) with de novo heterozygous SPTBN5 variants - 3x missense variants and 1x LoF variant were reported - Phenotypes include intellectual disability (mild to severe), aggressive tendencies and variable features such as craniofacial and physical dysmorphisms, autistic behavior, and gastroesophageal reflux; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed publications: 35782384, 32732226, 28007035; Changed phenotypes: Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, SPTBN5-related, Sacral agenesis, congenital anomalies; Changed mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted |
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| Mendeliome v1.231 | OTULIN | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: OTULIN were changed from Autoinflammation, panniculitis, and dermatosis syndrome, MIM# 617099 to Autoinflammation, panniculitis, and dermatosis syndrome, MIM# 617099; Susceptibility to infection with Staphylococcus aureus; Hereditary predisposition to infections, MONDO:0015979, OTULIN-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.228 | OTULIN | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: OTULIN: Added comment: PMID 35587511: Multiple individuals reported with haploinsufficiency of OTULIN and severe staphylococcal disease, with life-threatening skin or pulmonary necrosis. Functional data.; Changed publications: 27523608, 27559085, 35587511; Changed phenotypes: Autoinflammation, panniculitis, and dermatosis syndrome, MIM# 617099, Susceptibility to infection with Staphylococcus aureus, Hereditary predisposition to infections, MONDO:0015979, OTULIN-related; Changed mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.228 | NOX1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: NOX1 was added gene: NOX1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: NOX1 was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females Publications for gene: NOX1 were set to 29091079; 32064493 Phenotypes for gene: NOX1 were set to Inflammatory bowel disease, MONDO:0005265, NOX1-related Review for gene: NOX1 was set to AMBER Added comment: 8 IBD patients with early onset of IBD with progressive and severe colonic disease, refractory to conventional therapy and functional studies suggesting variant-dependent loss of NOX1-mediated superoxide generation. However, high frequency of nonsynonymous mutations in NOX1 suggests that NOX1 is not a highly penetrant Mendelian disorder and that other genetic modifiers or environmental factors may contribute to disease pathogenesis. The variant reported in PMID 32064493 is present in 6 hets in gnomad. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.227 | BICD2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: BICD2 were changed from Spinal muscular atrophy, lower extremity-predominant, 2A, autosomal dominant, MIM# 615290; MONDO:0014121; Spinal muscular atrophy, lower extremity-predominant, 2B, autosomal dominant, MIM# 618291 to Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO#0700092), BICD2-related; Spinal muscular atrophy, lower extremity-predominant, 2A, autosomal dominant, MIM# 615290; MONDO:0014121; Spinal muscular atrophy, lower extremity-predominant, 2B, autosomal dominant, MIM# 618291 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.222 | SARS | Ain Roesley Phenotypes for gene: SARS were changed from Intellectual disability to neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO#070009, SARS1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.220 | SARS | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: SARS: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 35790048; Phenotypes: neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO#070009, SARS1-related; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.218 | PSMC1 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: PSMC1: Changed phenotypes: Syndromic disease MONDO:0002254, PSMC1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.217 | WARS | Seb Lunke Phenotypes for gene: WARS were changed from Neuronopathy, distal hereditary motor, type IX (OMIM:617721); juvenile to adult onset (15-23 years); distal wasting; distal weakness; length-dependent motor axonal degeneration to Neuronopathy, distal hereditary motor, type IX (OMIM:617721); juvenile to adult onset (15-23 years); Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO:0700092), WARS-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.213 | BICD2 | Lucy Spencer reviewed gene: BICD2: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 35896821; Phenotypes: Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO#0700092), BICD2-related; Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.213 | WARS | Anna Ritchie reviewed gene: WARS: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID: 35815345, PMID: 35790048; Phenotypes: Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO:0700092), WARS-related; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.212 | PSMC1 |
Hazel Phillimore gene: PSMC1 was added gene: PSMC1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: PSMC1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: PSMC1 were set to PMID: 35861243 Phenotypes for gene: PSMC1 were set to spastic paraplegia; severe developmental delay; severe intellectual disability; hearing loss; micropenis; undescended testes Mode of pathogenicity for gene: PSMC1 was set to Loss-of-function variants (as defined in pop up message) DO NOT cause this phenotype - please provide details in the comments Review for gene: PSMC1 was set to AMBER Added comment: Homozygosity mapping on one large consanguineous Bedouin kindred showed three affected children (out of the ten) to be homozygous for NM_002802.3:c.983T>C; p.(Ile328Thr). Drosophila rescue experiments were carried out. Transgenic studies using drosophila with the silenced ortholog Rpt2 gene were rescued by the human wild-type PSMC1. Three of the ten offspring of healthy consanguineous parents of Bedouin Israeli ancestry were affected with a similar phenotype of failure to thrive, developmental delay and severe intellectual disability, spastic tetraplegia with central hypotonia, chorea, as well as hearing loss. None of the three achieved verbal communication or ambulation (sitting / standing) at any age. They had mild dysmorphism of borderline dolichocephaly and microcephaly, prominent bushy eyebrows, flat midface, long nasal bridge and micrognathia. All three had micropenis with undescended testes. One of the affected (as a toddler) underwent thorough endocrinological analysis: testosterone and gonadotropin levels were low. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.212 | KIF15 |
Krithika Murali gene: KIF15 was added gene: KIF15 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: KIF15 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: KIF15 were set to 28150392 Phenotypes for gene: KIF15 were set to ?Braddock-Carey syndrome 2 - MIM#619981 Review for gene: KIF15 was set to GREEN Added comment: PMID 28150392 Sleiman et al 2017 report one individual with homozygous R501* variant (NMD-predicted) from a consanguineous family. The child had thrombocytopenia, PRS, microcephaly -3SD by age 6, dysmorphic facies, bilateral external auditory canal atresia and deafness, microphthalmia, clinodactyly, short stature. Variant absent from gnomAD. Parents confirmed to be carriers and unaffected siblings were carriers/homozygous wild-type. No other SNVs reported in ClinVar. Variant is absent from gnomAD. Authors note phenotypic similarities with Braddock-Carey syndrome (21q22 contiguous deletion also involving RUNX1). Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.211 | BMP3 |
Seb Lunke gene: BMP3 was added gene: BMP3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: BMP3 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: BMP3 were set to 35089417 Phenotypes for gene: BMP3 were set to coloboma, MONDO:0001476; microphthalmia, MONDO:0021129 Review for gene: BMP3 was set to AMBER Added comment: Single missense variant identified segregating with disease following WES screen in a family with coloboma and/or microphthalmia in BMP3. Two additional unrelated patients identified with different missense in BMP3. Pathogenicity however largely on in-silicos, with one of the 3 missense having 29 hets in gnomAD. Additional functional work in bmp3 -/- zebra fish and some supporting evidence but not conclusive Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.208 | ALG5 | Chern Lim edited their review of gene: ALG5: Changed phenotypes: Cystic renal disease MONDO:0002473, ALG5-related, Multiple small kidney cysts, progressive interstitial fibrosis, and kidney function decline, few or no liver cysts. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.208 | ALG5 |
Chern Lim gene: ALG5 was added gene: ALG5 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ALG5 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: ALG5 were set to 35896117 Phenotypes for gene: ALG5 were set to Cystic renal disease MONDO:0002473, ALG5-related Review for gene: ALG5 was set to GREEN gene: ALG5 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: PMID:35896117: - Five unrelated families, including 23 affected individuals with non-enlarged cystic kidneys and few or no liver cysts, 8 of them reached end-stage kidney disease from 62 to 91 years of age. Variant confirmed in all but one individual. - Various variant types: frameshift, nonsense, two missense, splice. - Functional studies showed haploinsufficiency is the disease mechanism. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.208 | DOHH |
Daniel Flanagan gene: DOHH was added gene: DOHH was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: DOHH was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: DOHH were set to PMID: 35858628 Phenotypes for gene: DOHH were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder, DOHH-related (MONDO#0700092) Review for gene: DOHH was set to GREEN Added comment: Bi-allelic missense and truncating DOHH variants segregating with disease in five affected individuals from four unrelated families. Clinical features were developmental delay and/or intellectual disability (5/5), microcephaly (5/5), visual impairment (nystagmus (3/5), strabismus (3/5), and cortical visual impairment (1/5)) and congenital heart malformations (3/5 individuals). Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v1.208 | PPFIBP1 | Ee Ming Wong reviewed gene: PPFIBP1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID: 35830857; Phenotypes: Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, PPFIBP1-related; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.208 | SLITRK2 |
Paul De Fazio gene: SLITRK2 was added gene: SLITRK2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SLITRK2 was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) Publications for gene: SLITRK2 were set to 35840571 Phenotypes for gene: SLITRK2 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder, SLITRK2-related MONDO:0700092 Review for gene: SLITRK2 was set to GREEN gene: SLITRK2 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: 6 missense variants and 1 nonsense variant (NOT NMD-predicted, single-exon gene) reported in 7 males and 1 female with neurodevelopmental disorders. Phenotypes included dev delay, mild to severe ID, delayed or absent speech, seizures and brain MRI anomalies (in some patients). The nonsense variant was identified in two affected brothers but not in the mother, suggesting it was de novo in the maternal germline. The variant in the one affected female was de novo. All other variants in hemizygous males were inherited from an unaffected mother. In one case, the variant was also identified in the unaffected grandmother. Functional studies showed some but not all variants displayed impaired membrane transport and impaired excitatory synapse-promoting effects. Conditional knockout mice exhibited impaired long-term memory and abnormal gait. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.206 | C18orf32 |
Naomi Baker gene: C18orf32 was added gene: C18orf32 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: C18orf32 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: C18orf32 were set to PMID:35107634 Phenotypes for gene: C18orf32 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO:0700092), C18orf32-related Review for gene: C18orf32 was set to RED Added comment: Two siblings reported as affected, although sequencing only performed in one sibling, with homozygous loss-of-function variant identified. Clinical presentation included developmental delay, recurrent lower respiratory tract infections, sparse rough hair, roving eye movements, hypotonia, bilateral ankle contractures and inverted nipples. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.204 | ADGRL1 |
Elena Savva gene: ADGRL1 was added gene: ADGRL1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ADGRL1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Publications for gene: ADGRL1 were set to PMID: 35907405 Phenotypes for gene: ADGRL1 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder, ADGRL1-related (MONDO#0700092) Review for gene: ADGRL1 was set to GREEN Added comment: PMID: 35907405 - 9 patients w/ ADHD (3/9), autism (4/9), mild-moderate ID (5/9) and epilepsy (2/9) and facial dysmorphism (7/9). Variants include missense (4) and PTCs (5), and were either de novo (7/9) or inherited from parents with learning difficulties/ID (2/9). Functional studies on both PTCs and missense variants show significant reductions in calcium signalling and surface protein. Het null mouse model shows neurological and developmental abnormalities, with hom null mice non-viable. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.202 | DUOX2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: DUOX2 were changed from Thyroid dyshormonogenesis 6 - MIM#607200 to Thyroid dyshormonogenesis 6 - MIM#607200; Inflammatory bowel disease, MONDO:0005265, DUOX2-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.198 | DUOX2 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: DUOX2: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 35429653, 27373512, 26301257, 28683258; Phenotypes: Inflammatory bowel disease, MONDO:0005265, DUOX2-related; Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.198 | CWH43 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: CWH43 were changed from normal pressure hydrocephalus to Hydrocephalus MONDO:0001150, CWH43-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.196 | CWH43 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: CWH43: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Hydrocephalus MONDO:0001150, CWH43-related; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.196 | ADGRA3 |
Zornitza Stark gene: ADGRA3 was added gene: ADGRA3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: ADGRA3 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: ADGRA3 were set to 23105016 Phenotypes for gene: ADGRA3 were set to Retinitis pigmentosa, MONDO:0019200, ADGRA3-related Review for gene: ADGRA3 was set to RED Added comment: Only one report of a missense that is a VUS identified as a candidate through autozygome analysis (PMID: 23105016) Sources: Expert Review |
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| Mendeliome v1.195 | TAF8 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: TAF8 were changed from Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, TAF8-related to Neurodevelopmental disorder with severe motor impairment, absent language, cerebral hypomyelination, and brain atrophy, MIM# 619972 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.193 | ROBO4 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ROBO4 were changed from bicuspid aortic valve; ascending aortic aneurysm; ascending aorta dilatation to Aortic valve disease 8, MIM#618496; bicuspid aortic valve; ascending aortic aneurysm; ascending aorta dilatation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.190 | EIF2B1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: EIF2B1 were changed from leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter MONDO:0011380; ataxia; spasticity; optic atrophy to leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter MONDO:0011380; ataxia; spasticity; optic atrophy; Neonatal diabetes mellitus, MONDO:0016391, EIF2B1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.187 | EIF2B1 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: EIF2B1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Neonatal diabetes mellitus, MONDO:0016391, EIF2B1-related; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.185 | IKZF1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: IKZF1 were changed from Immunodeficiency, common variable, 13 MIM# 616873; recurrent bacterial respiratory infections; Thrombocytopaenia; immunodeficiency; Hypogammaglobulinaemia; decrease B-cells; decrease B-cell differentiation; decrease memory B/T cells; Low Ig; pneumocystis early CID onset to Immunodeficiency, common variable, 13 MIM# 616873; recurrent bacterial respiratory infections; Thrombocytopaenia; immunodeficiency; Hypogammaglobulinaemia; decrease B-cells; decrease B-cell differentiation; decrease memory B/T cells; Low Ig; pneumocystis early CID onset; Immune dysregulation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.183 | IKZF1 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: IKZF1: Added comment: PMID 35333544: Eight individuals harboring heterozygous IKZF1R183H or IKZF1R183C variants associated with GOF effects reported. The clinical phenotypes and pathophysiology associated with IKZF1R183H/C differ from those of previously reported patients with IKZF1HI, IKZF1DN, and IKZF1DD and should therefore be considered as a novel IKAROS-associated disease entity. This condition is characterized by immune dysregulation manifestations including inflammation, autoimmunity, atopy, and polyclonal PC proliferation.; Changed publications: 21548011, 26981933, 29889099, 31057532, 7923373, 11805317, 35333544; Changed phenotypes: Immunodeficiency, common variable, 13 MIM# 616873, recurrent bacterial respiratory infections, Thrombocytopaenia, immunodeficiency, Hypogammaglobulinaemia, decrease B-cells, decrease B-cell differentiation, decrease memory B/T cells, Low Ig, pneumocystis early CID onset, Immune dysregulation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.183 | IKZF2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: IKZF2 were changed from Immune dysregulation to Immunodeficiency, MONDO:0021094, IKZF2-related; Immune dysregulation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.180 | IKZF2 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: IKZF2: Added comment: Iranian male with homozygous missense variant with recurrent infection, hypogammaglobulinaemia. Extends inheritance to AR. Supportive functional data.; Changed publications: 34920454, 34826259; Changed phenotypes: Immunodeficiency, MONDO:0021094, IKZF2-related, Immune dysregulation; Changed mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.180 | TMEM63C | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: TMEM63C were changed from Hereditary spastic paraplegia, MONDO:0019064, TMEM63C-related to Spastic paraplegia 87, autosomal recessive, MIM# 619966 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.176 | WASL |
Zornitza Stark gene: WASL was added gene: WASL was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: WASL was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: WASL were set to 33571872 Phenotypes for gene: WASL were set to Parkinson's disease, MONDO:0005180, WASL-related Review for gene: WASL was set to RED Added comment: Single family reported, where bi-allelic variants segregated with PD in three affected individuals. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.175 | PMM2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: PMM2 were changed from Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Ia (MIM#212065) to Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Ia (MIM#212065); Hyperinsulinaemic Hypoglycaemia and Polycystic Kidney Disease (HIPKD), MONDO:0020642, PMM2-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.173 | PMM2 |
Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: PMM2: Added comment: Association with HIPKD: Cabezas et al (2017) reported co-occurrence of hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia and polycystic kidney disease (HIPKD in 17 children from 11 unrelated families. Patients presented with hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia in infancy and enlarged kidneys with multiple kidney cysts. Some progressed to ESKD and some had liver cysts. Whole-genome linkage analysis in 5 informative families identified a single significant locus on chromosome 16p13.2. Sequencing of the coding regions of all linked genes failed to identify biallelic mutations. Instead, they found in all patients a promoter mutation (c.-167G>T) in PMM2, either homozygous or in trans with PMM2 coding mutations. They found deglycosylation in cultured pancreatic β cells altered insulin secretion. In vitro, the PMM2 promoter mutation associated with decreased transcriptional activity in patient kidney cells and impaired binding of the transcription factor ZNF143. In silico analysis suggested an important role of ZNF143 for the formation of a chromatin loop including PMM2. They proposed that the PMM2 promoter mutation alters tissue-specific chromatin loop formation, with consequent organ-specific deficiency of PMM2 leading to the restricted phenotype of HIPKD. None of the patients exhibited the typical clinical or diagnostic features of CDG1A. Serum transferrin glycosylation was normal in 11 patients who had assessment.; Changed publications: 28108845, 28373276, 32595772; Changed phenotypes: Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Ia (MIM#212065), Hyperinsulinaemic Hypoglycaemia and Polycystic Kidney Disease (HIPKD), MONDO:0020642, PMM2-related |
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| Mendeliome v1.173 | SLCO2A1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: SLCO2A1 were changed from Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy, primary, autosomal dominant, MIM# 167100; Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy, primary, autosomal recessive 2, MIM# 614441 to Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy, primary, autosomal dominant, MIM# 167100; Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy, primary, autosomal recessive 2, MIM# 614441; Inflammatory bowel disease, MONDO:0005265, SLCO2A1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.171 | SLCO2A1 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: SLCO2A1: Added comment: PMID 29313109: Over 40 Japanese individuals reported with bi-allelic variants in this gene and multiple small intestinal ulcers of nonspecific histology. Some overlap with the hypertrophic osteoarthropathy also associated with bi-allelic variants in this gene. Mild digital clubbing or periostosis was found in 13 patients (28%), with five male patients fulfilling the major diagnostic criteria of PHO.; Changed publications: 23509104, 27134495, 33852188, 22331663, 27134495, 29313109; Changed phenotypes: Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy, primary, autosomal dominant, MIM# 167100, Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy, primary, autosomal recessive 2, MIM# 614441, Inflammatory bowel disease, MONDO:0005265, SLCO2A1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.171 | CTR9 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: CTR9 were changed from Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO:0700092), CTR9 related to Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO:0700092), CTR9 related; Familial Wilms tumour, MONDO:0006058, CTR9-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.169 | CTR9 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: CTR9: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 25099282, 29292210; Phenotypes: Familial Wilms tumour, MONDO:0006058, CTR9-related; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.164 | PPP1R13L | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: PPP1R13L were changed from Dilated cardiomyopathy, onset in infancy to Multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome, MONDO:0019042 - PPP1R13L-related; Dilated cardiomyopathy, onset in infancy | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.162 | PPP1R13L | Krithika Murali reviewed gene: PPP1R13L: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome, MONDO:0019042 - PPP1R13L-related disorder; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.161 | GINS3 |
Zornitza Stark gene: GINS3 was added gene: GINS3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: GINS3 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: GINS3 were set to 35603789 Phenotypes for gene: GINS3 were set to Meier-Gorlin syndrome, MONDO:0016817, GINS3-related Review for gene: GINS3 was set to GREEN Added comment: 7 individuals from 5 families reported, presenting with prenatal and postnatal growth deficiency as well as other features. Three unique missense variants identified, two affecting p.Asp24. These variants are thought to be hypomorphic. Supportive mouse model. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.158 | C9orf84 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: 8 families reported with bi-allelic variants in this gene and spermatogenic failure. Sources: Literature; to: 8 families reported with bi-allelic variants in this gene and spermatogenic failure. A male germ cell-specific Shoc1 knockout mouse model recapitulates the phenotype (germline knockout: early lethality). HGNC approved name is SHOC1. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.157 | HIST1H4E | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: HIST1H4E were changed from Neurodevelopmental disorder, HIST1H4E-related MONDO:0700092 to Tessadori-van Haaften neurodevelopmental syndrome 3, MIM# 619950 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.152 | CDH2 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: CDH2: Added comment: PMID 34702855: three sibs with homozygous missense and strikingly severe ADHD. Mouse model of same variant recapitulated the phenotype. AMBER for bi-allelic association (segregation and functional data).; Changed publications: 31585109, 34702855; Changed phenotypes: Intellectual disability, corpus callosum abnormalities, congenital abnormalities, Agenesis of corpus callosum, cardiac, ocular, and genital syndrome, MIM# 618929:Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder 8 , MIM# 619957; Changed mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.151 | KITLG | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: KITLG were changed from Deafness, autosomal dominant 69, unilateral or asymmetric, MIM# 616697 to Deafness, autosomal dominant 69, unilateral or asymmetric, MIM# 616697; deafness; heterochromia iridis; hypopigmentation of the skin; hyperpigmentation of the skin; Waardenburg syndrome,MONDO:0018094, KITLG-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.147 | CLDN5 |
Zornitza Stark gene: CLDN5 was added gene: CLDN5 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: CLDN5 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: CLDN5 were set to 35714222 Phenotypes for gene: CLDN5 were set to alternating hemiplegia, MONDO:0016210, CLDN5-related Mode of pathogenicity for gene: CLDN5 was set to Loss-of-function variants (as defined in pop up message) DO NOT cause this phenotype - please provide details in the comments Review for gene: CLDN5 was set to AMBER Added comment: PMID: 35714222; Hashimoto, Y. et al. (2022): Two unrelated cases (early-onset) with alternating hemiplegia with microcephaly were shown to have the same de novo variant, NM_001363066.2:c.178G>A, p.(Gly60Arg). One with Jewish / Tunisian ancestry: Onset was at 8 months, three episodes of febrile tonic-clonic 1 seizures of the four limbs, with eye rolling, loss of consciousness, transient left and right post-2 ictal hemiparesis and vomiting. The other with Asian / European ancestry: Onset was at 30 months with three iterative episodes of febrile and non-febrile hemiplegia and loss of 18 consciousness. The recurrent episodes alternatively involved the left-and 19 right-hand side, then generalised and were followed by post ictal hemiparesis. CT scans of both showed brain calcifications and aberrant blood flow patterns. Transfected cell lines with this variant, c178G>A, showed higher chloride ion permeability and lower sodium ion permeability when compared to wildtype. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.142 | HCK |
Zornitza Stark gene: HCK was added gene: HCK was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: HCK was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: HCK were set to 34536415 Phenotypes for gene: HCK were set to Autoinflammatory syndrome, MONDO:0019751, HCK-related Mode of pathogenicity for gene: HCK was set to Other Review for gene: HCK was set to AMBER Added comment: Single patient with supportive functional data. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.138 | KITLG | Dean Phelan reviewed gene: KITLG: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: Other; Publications: PMID: 35543077, 28504826, 19375057, 21368769; Phenotypes: deafness, heterochromia iridis, hypopigmentation of the skin, hyperpigmentation of the skin, Waardenburg syndrome,MONDO:0018094, KITLG-related; Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.137 | NFATC2 |
Paul De Fazio gene: NFATC2 was added gene: NFATC2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: NFATC2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: NFATC2 were set to 35789258 Phenotypes for gene: NFATC2 were set to Skeletal system disorder MONDO:0005172 Review for gene: NFATC2 was set to RED gene: NFATC2 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: Patient born to consanguineous parents homozygous for a frameshift variant. No other (unaffected) members of the family were homozygous. Family history of recurrent childhood deaths. After a healthy birth the patient developed painless decreased range of motion at 1.5yrs leading to difficulty with ambulation at 3yrs. Formal orthopedic assessment at age 15 years demonstrated a neurodevelopmentally normal young man with marked bilateral fixed flexion contractures of knees, hips, and ankles. The main musculoskeletal findings were painless contractures of the large and small joints of the upper and lower limbs, osteochondromas, and osteopenia. Patient was diagnosed with B-cell lymphoma at age 18. Patient CD8+ T-cells show impaired polyfunctionality, and the patient had an accumulation of non-functional memory CD4+ T-cells. TFH cell function was also impaired. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.136 | CCDC155 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: CCDC155 were changed from Non-obstructive azoospermia; Premature ovarian insufficiency to Non-obstructive azoospermia; Premature ovarian insufficiency; Infertility disorder, MONDO:0005047, CCDC155-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.134 | CCDC155 |
Melanie Marty gene: CCDC155 was added gene: CCDC155 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: CCDC155 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: CCDC155 were set to 35674372; 35708642; 29790874; 35587281 Phenotypes for gene: CCDC155 were set to Non-obstructive azoospermia; Premature ovarian insufficiency Review for gene: CCDC155 was set to GREEN Added comment: Current HGNC name is KASH5 Summary: 4 families reported with non-obstructive azoospermia or premature ovarian insufficiency. Functional studies have been performed and mouse models recapitulate the phenotype. PMID: 35674372 CNV and frameshift variants in KASH5 were identified in a non-obstructive azoospermia affected patient and in his infertile sister by whole-exome sequencing and CNV array. Kash5 knockout mouse displayed similar phenotypes, including a meiotic arrest at a zygotene-like stage and impaired pairing and synapsis. PMID: 35708642 Hom splice identified in KASH5 in 2 sisters with premature ovarian insufficiency. In vitro studies found the variant disturbed the nuclear membrane localization of KASH5 and its binding with SUN1. Moreover, the Kash5 C-terminal deleted mice revealed defective meiotic homolog pairing and accelerated depletion of oocytes. PMID: 29790874 2 brothers with non-obstructive azoospermia with hom missense in CCDC155 35587281 2 siblings with hom missense in CCDC155 non-obstructive azoospermia and premature ovarian insufficiency. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.133 | ASPH | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ASPH were changed from Traboulsi syndrome , MIM#601552 to Traboulsi syndrome , MIM#601552; Exertional heat illness; malignant hyperthermia susceptibility, MONDO:0018493, ASPH-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.130 | SLC30A7 |
Naomi Baker gene: SLC30A7 was added gene: SLC30A7 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC30A7 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: SLC30A7 were set to PMID: 35751429 Phenotypes for gene: SLC30A7 were set to Joubert syndrome (MONDO:0018772), SLC30A7-related Review for gene: SLC30A7 was set to AMBER Added comment: PMID: 35751429: Two individuals reported with de novo variants, one missense and one delins resulting in missense. The first individual is a female with history of unilateral postaxial polydactyly, classic molar tooth sign on MRI, macrocephaly, ataxia, ocular motor apraxia, neurodevelopmental delay, and precocious puberty. The second individual had bilateral postaxial polydactyly, molar tooth sign, macrocephaly, developmental delay, and an extra oral frenulum. No functional studies reported. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.128 | PABPC1 |
Elena Savva gene: PABPC1 was added gene: PABPC1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: PABPC1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Publications for gene: PABPC1 were set to PMID: 35511136 Phenotypes for gene: PABPC1 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder, PABPC1-related (MONDO#0700092) Review for gene: PABPC1 was set to GREEN Added comment: PMID: 35511136 - 4 probands with an overlapping phenotype of DD, expressive speech delay, and autistic features and heterozygous de novo variants that cluster in the PABP domain of PABPC1. Electroporation of mouse embryo brains showed that Pabpc1 knockdown decreases the proliferation of neural progenitor cells. Wild-type Pabpc1 could rescue this disturbance, whereas 3 of the 4 variants did not. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.126 | CHMP3 |
Chern Lim gene: CHMP3 was added gene: CHMP3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: CHMP3 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: CHMP3 were set to PMID: 35710109 Phenotypes for gene: CHMP3 were set to Hereditary spastic paraplegia (MONDO:0019064), CHMP3-related Review for gene: CHMP3 was set to AMBER gene: CHMP3 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: PMID: 35710109 - Single large family with consanguinity, homozygous missense variant in 5 affected individuals with intellectual and progressive motor disabilities, seizures and spastic quadriplegia. - Functional studies showed reduced CHMP3 protein in patient's fibroblasts, lenti-rescue study showed improved cellular phenotypes associated with impaired autophagy. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.126 | WNK3 |
Lucy Spencer gene: WNK3 was added gene: WNK3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: WNK3 was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females Publications for gene: WNK3 were set to 35678782 Phenotypes for gene: WNK3 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder, WNK3-related (MONDO#0700092) Added comment: 6 maternally inherited hemizygous variants, 3 missense, 2 canonical splice, and a nonsense. Seen in 14 individuals from 6 families, all 14 are male who inherited hemizygous variants from their unaffected heterozygous mothers. The variants cosegregated with disease in 3 families with multiple affected individuals. All 14 patients have ID, 11 have speech delay, 10 have facial abnormalities, 5 have seizures, 6 with microcephaly and 7 with anomalies in brain imaging. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.125 | WNT7B |
Zornitza Stark gene: WNT7B was added gene: WNT7B was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: WNT7B was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: WNT7B were set to 35790350 Phenotypes for gene: WNT7B were set to Pulmonary hypoplasia, Diaphragmatic anomalies, Anophthalmia/microphthalmia and Cardiac defects syndrome; Multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic features syndrome MONDO:0043005, WNT7B-related Review for gene: WNT7B was set to GREEN Added comment: Three families reported with fetuses with multiple congenital anomalies and bi-allelic LoF variants. Two of the families had at the same variant. Supportive zebrafish model. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.123 | TMEM63C |
Elena Savva gene: TMEM63C was added gene: TMEM63C was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: TMEM63C was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: TMEM63C were set to PMID: 35718349 Phenotypes for gene: TMEM63C were set to Hereditary spastic paraplegia, MONDO:0019064, TMEM63C-related Review for gene: TMEM63C was set to GREEN Added comment: PMID: 35718349 - Four NMD PTCs observed in at least 3 unrelated patients. Two segregated strongly in highly consanguineous families. Common clinical details include mild ID, spastic paraplegia, hypereflexia, spasticity, delayed motor development. Single patient was microcephalic Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.121 | MAL |
Zornitza Stark gene: MAL was added gene: MAL was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: MAL was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: MAL were set to 35217805 Phenotypes for gene: MAL were set to Leukodystrophy MONDO:0019046, MAL-related Review for gene: MAL was set to AMBER Added comment: Single family with two affected siblings reported, with homozygous missense variant, some functional data. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.118 | TAF8 |
Zornitza Stark gene: TAF8 was added gene: TAF8 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature founder tags were added to gene: TAF8. Mode of inheritance for gene: TAF8 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: TAF8 were set to 29648665; 35759269 Phenotypes for gene: TAF8 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, TAF8-related Review for gene: TAF8 was set to GREEN Added comment: 8 individuals reported from 5 families, four of which were consanguineous. Clinical features included severe psychomotor retardation with almost absent development, feeding problems, microcephaly, growth retardation, spasticity and epilepsy. Six had the c.781-1G > A variant in homozygous state. This is likely to be a founder variant. One family with different compound heterozygous variants. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.117 | PNPT1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: PNPT1 were changed from Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 13 (MIM#614932); Deafness, autosomal recessive 70 (MIM#614934) to Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 13 (MIM#614932); Deafness, autosomal recessive 70 (MIM#614934); Spinocerebellar ataxia 25, MIM# 608703 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.114 | PNPT1 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: PNPT1: Added comment: Three families reported with heterozygous variants and SCA25. Incomplete penetrance in one of the families. In the third family, the variant was inherited from an asymptomatic 80+ year old. Note bi-allelic variants in this gene cause a mitochondrial disorder. Exact mechanism through which mono-allelic variants cause SCA25 not elucidated: authors speculate abnormal accumulation of mitochondrial RNA with subsequent leakage into the cytosol that may trigger a type 1 interferon response leading to neuroinflammation with neuronal dysfunction or neuronal loss.; Changed rating: AMBER; Changed publications: 35411967; Changed phenotypes: Spinocerebellar ataxia 25, MIM# 608703; Changed mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.113 | CXCR2 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: CXCR2: Added comment: 4 unrelated patients with neutropaenia reported.; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed publications: 24777453, 34854278; Changed phenotypes: WHIM syndrome 2, MIM#619407 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.112 | RHOG |
Zornitza Stark gene: RHOG was added gene: RHOG was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: RHOG was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: RHOG were set to 33513601 Phenotypes for gene: RHOG were set to Genetic HLH, MONDO:0015541, RHOG-related Review for gene: RHOG was set to AMBER Added comment: Single individual reported, extensive functional data supports gene-disease association. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.111 | TNFSF13 |
Zornitza Stark gene: TNFSF13 was added gene: TNFSF13 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: TNFSF13 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: TNFSF13 were set to 32298700 Phenotypes for gene: TNFSF13 were set to Hypogammaglobulinaemia, MONDO:0015977, TNSF13-related Review for gene: TNFSF13 was set to RED Added comment: Single individual, consanguineous parents. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.110 | POU2AF1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: POU2AF1 was added gene: POU2AF1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: POU2AF1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: POU2AF1 were set to 33571536 Phenotypes for gene: POU2AF1 were set to Agammaglobulinaemia, MONDO:0015977, POU2AF1-related Review for gene: POU2AF1 was set to RED Added comment: Single individual from consanguineous parents lacking immunoglobulins despite normal total B-cell numbers. Sources: Expert Review |
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| Mendeliome v1.108 | CD28 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Rare homozygous CD28 variant segregates with severe verrucosis in three relatives and supportive functional data. Sources: Expert Review; to: Rare homozygous CD28 variant segregates with severe verrucosis in three relatives and supportive functional data. CD28-deficient mice are susceptible to cutaneous infections with the mouse papillomavirus MmuPV1. Sources: Expert Review |
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| Mendeliome v1.108 | CD28 |
Zornitza Stark gene: CD28 was added gene: CD28 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: CD28 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: CD28 were set to 34214472 Phenotypes for gene: CD28 were set to Hereditary predisposition to infections, MONDO:0015979, CD28-related; isolated susceptibility to cutaneous α- and γ-HPVs Review for gene: CD28 was set to RED Added comment: Rare homozygous CD28 variant segregates with severe verrucosis in three relatives and supportive functional data. Sources: Expert Review |
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| Mendeliome v1.105 | COPG1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: COPG1 was added gene: COPG1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: COPG1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: COPG1 were set to 33529166 Phenotypes for gene: COPG1 were set to Combined immunodeficiency MONDO:0015131, COPG1-related Review for gene: COPG1 was set to RED Added comment: Five Omani siblings, born to consanguineous parents, homozygous missense. Homozygous Copg1K652E mice had increased ER stress in activated T and B cells, poor antibody responses, and normal numbers of T cells that proliferated normally, but underwent increased apoptosis upon activation. Exposure of the mutants to pet store mice caused weight loss, lymphopenia, and defective T cell proliferation that recapitulated the findings in the patients. The ER stress-relieving agent tauroursodeoxycholic acid corrected the immune defects of the mutants and reversed the phenotype they acquired following exposure to pet store mice. Sources: Expert Review |
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| Mendeliome v1.99 | IFNAR1 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: IFNAR1: Added comment: Seven children from five unrelated kindreds; Changed publications: 31270247, 35442418; Changed phenotypes: Immunodeficiency 106, susceptibility to viral infections, MIM# 619935, Severe disease caused by Yellow Fever vaccine and Measles vaccine | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.98 | NEK8 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: NEK8 were changed from Renal-hepatic-pancreatic dysplasia 2, MIM# 615415; MONDO:0014174 to Renal-hepatic-pancreatic dysplasia 2, MIM# 615415; MONDO:0014174; Familial renal cystic disease MONDO:0019741, NEK8-related, dominant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.96 | NEK8 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: NEK8: Added comment: ESHG 2022: 12 families with paediatric renal cystic disease (enlarged kidneys, kidney cysts, ESKF <20yrs) -3 recurrent HTZ variants in NEK8 kinase domain (Arg45Trp, Ile150Met, Lys157Gln) -suspected dominant negative effect -patient fibroblasts show normal ciliogenesis and normal localisation and expression of NEK8 (Note carriers of AR-NEK8 disease do not show renal manifestations, as variants are LOF); Changed phenotypes: Renal-hepatic-pancreatic dysplasia 2, MIM# 615415, MONDO:0014174, Familial renal cystic disease MONDO:0019741, NEK8-related, dominant; Changed mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.96 | DRD2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: DRD2 were changed from to Combined dystonia, MONDO:0020065, DRD2-related; dystonia; chorea; anxiety; ataxia; orofacial dyskinesia; tremor; memory problems | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.93 | DRD2 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: DRD2: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: Other; Publications: 33200438; Phenotypes: Combined dystonia, MONDO:0020065, DRD2-related, dystonia, chorea, anxiety, ataxia, orofacial dyskinesia, tremor, memory problems; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.93 | THSD1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: THSD1 were changed from Aneurysm, intracranial berry, 12 , MIM# 618734 to Aneurysm, intracranial berry, 12 , MIM# 618734; Hydrops fetalis MONDO:0015193, THSD1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.90 | TRPM3 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: TRPM3 were changed from Intellectual disability; epilepsy to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, TRPM3-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.89 | SLC26A1 | Krithika Murali reviewed gene: SLC26A1: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: ?Nephrolithiasis, calcium oxalate - MIM#167030; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.89 | DDR2 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Bi-allelic variants in this gene are associated with a severe perinatal skeletal dysplasia. Mono-allelic variants cause Warburg-Cinotti syndrome, which is characterized by progressive corneal neovascularization, keloid formation, chronic skin ulcers, wasting of subcutaneous tissue, flexion contractures of the fingers, and acroosteolysis. Four unrelated families reported with missense variants, which were activating.; to: Bi-allelic variants in this gene are associated with a severe perinatal skeletal dysplasia. LoF. Mono-allelic variants cause Warburg-Cinotti syndrome, which is characterized by progressive corneal neovascularization, keloid formation, chronic skin ulcers, wasting of subcutaneous tissue, flexion contractures of the fingers, and acroosteolysis. Four unrelated families reported with missense variants, which were activating. GoF. |
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| Mendeliome v1.79 | GCH1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: GCH1 were changed from Hyperphenylalaninemia, BH4-deficient, B, MIM# 233910; Dystonia, DOPA-responsive, with or without hyperphenylalaninemia, MIM# 128230 to Hyperphenylalaninemia, BH4-deficient, B, MIM# 233910; Dystonia, DOPA-responsive, with or without hyperphenylalaninemia, MIM# 128230; Hereditary spastic paraplegia MONDO:0019064, GCH1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.77 | GCH1 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: GCH1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 21935284, 24509643, 33713342; Phenotypes: Hereditary spastic paraplegia MONDO:0019064, GCH1-related; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.75 | KCNA5 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: KCNA5: Added comment: Multiple families reported. At least one with LoF variant, rest missense. The missense variants are present in the population, ranging from 2 to 40 individuals in gnomad, which raises doubt about their pathogenicity.; Changed rating: AMBER | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.75 | GATA1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: GATA1 were changed from Thrombocytopaenia, X-linked, with or without dyserythropoietic anaemia, MIM# 300367 to Thrombocytopaenia, X-linked, with or without dyserythropoietic anaemia, MIM# 300367; Haemolytic anaemia due to elevated adenosine deaminase, MIM# 301083; Anemia, X-linked, with/without neutropenia and/or platelet abnormalities, MIM# 300835 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.74 | GATA1 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: GATA1: Added comment: Variants in GATA1 are associated with a number of haematological disorders, which probably represent a spectrum rather than distinct entities.; Changed phenotypes: Thrombocytopaenia, X-linked, with or without dyserythropoietic anaemia, MIM# 300367, Haemolytic anaemia due to elevated adenosine deaminase, MIM# 301083, Anemia, X-linked, with/without neutropenia and/or platelet abnormalities, MIM# 300835 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.69 | ATP2B1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ATP2B1 were changed from Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, ATP2B1-related to Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal dominant 66, MIM# 619910 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.66 | TIAM1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: TIAM1 were changed from Neurodevelopmental disorder, TIAM1-related, MONDO:0700092 to Neurodevelopmental disorder with language delay and seizures, MIM# 619908 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.65 | RBFOX2 |
Chern Lim changed review comment from: - PMID: 26785492: Analysed CHD (1213 congenital heart disease trios) and control (autism spectrum disorder) trios for de novo mutations. Found RBFOX2 gene had significantly more damaging de novo variants than expected: 3 de novo LoF variants (eg. nonsense, frameshift, or canonical splice disruptions). All 3 probands have hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS). No further patient-specific clinical or variant info were available. Same cohort later included in PMID: 32368696, listed 4 de novo variants in this gene, in patients with left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) or conotruncal defects (CTDs). - PMID: 27670201: RNA expression study showed the silenced allele harbours a nonsense RBFOX2 variant (Arg287*), CHD patient heart tissue sample, same patient published in PMID: 26785492. - PMID: 27485310: Functional studies using heart tissue sample from HLHS patient with NM_001031695.2:c.859C>T p.(Arg287*) showed subcellular mislocalisation, impacting its nuclear function in RNA splicing. - PMID: 25205790: De novo 111.3kb del chr22:36038076-36149338 (hg19) which includes APOL5,APOL6,RBFOX2, in a patient with HLHS. - PMID: 35137168: Rbfox2 conditional knockout mouse model recapitulated several molecular and phenotypic features of HLHS.; to: - PMID: 26785492: Analysed CHD (1213 congenital heart disease trios) and control (autism spectrum disorder) trios for de novo mutations. Found RBFOX2 gene had significantly more damaging de novo variants than expected: 3 de novo LoF variants (1x nonsense, 1x frameshift, 1x canonical splice variants). All 3 probands have hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) and no extra-cardiac features. Same cohort later included in PMID: 32368696, listed one additional de novo variant in this gene (missense variant) in a patient with conotruncal defects (CTDs). - PMID: 27670201: RNA expression study showed the silenced allele harbours a nonsense RBFOX2 variant (Arg287*), CHD patient heart tissue sample, same patient published in PMID: 26785492. - PMID: 27485310: Functional studies using heart tissue sample from HLHS patient with NM_001031695.2:c.859C>T p.(Arg287*) showed subcellular mislocalisation, impacting its nuclear function in RNA splicing. - PMID: 25205790: De novo 111.3kb del chr22:36038076-36149338 (hg19) which includes APOL5,APOL6,RBFOX2, in a patient with HLHS. - PMID: 35137168: Rbfox2 conditional knockout mouse model recapitulated several molecular and phenotypic features of HLHS. |
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| Mendeliome v1.61 | SLC5A6 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Two unrelated families reported, functional data and some evidence of response to treatment. Sources: Literature; to: Complex neurodegenerative disorder: Two unrelated families reported, functional data and some evidence of response to treatment. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.61 | SLC5A6 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: SLC5A6: Added comment: PMID 35013551: 5 individuals from 3 unrelated families reported with predominantly neuropathy phenotype.; Changed publications: 31754459, 27904971, 35013551; Changed phenotypes: Peripheral motor neuropathy, childhood-onset, biotin-responsive, MIM# 619903, Neurodegeneration, infantile-onset, biotin-responsive, MIM# 618973 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.61 | SASH3 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: SASH3 were changed from Combined immunodeficiency; immune dysregulation to Immunodeficiency 102, MIM# 301082 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.59 | BUB1 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: BUB1: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Neurodevelopmental disorder, BUB1-related MONDO:0700092; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.57 | GIMAP6 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: GIMAP6 were changed from Autophagy, immune competence and inflammation to Autoinflammatory syndrome MONDO:0019751, GIMAP6-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.56 | GIMAP6 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: GIMAP6: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Autoinflammatory syndrome MONDO:0019751, GIMAP6-related; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.55 | PAN2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: PAN2 were changed from Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, PAN2-related to Syndromic disease MONDO:0002254, PAN2-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.54 | PRPF8 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: PRPF8 were changed from Retinitis pigmentosa 13, MIM#600059 to Retinitis pigmentosa 13, MIM#600059; Neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO:0700092, PRPF8-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.52 | RRM1 | Seb Lunke Added comment: Comment on list classification: 3 families but only 2 Hom variants, not convinced they are definitely unrelated. 4th probed inconclusive. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.52 | BUB1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: BUB1 were changed from Intellectual disability and microcephaly to Neurodevelopmental disorder, BUB1-related MONDO:0700092 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.49 | LMOD2 | Seb Lunke Phenotypes for gene: LMOD2 were changed from Dilated cardiomyopathy to Dilated cardiomyopathy, MONDO:0005021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.47 | PAN2 |
Naomi Baker gene: PAN2 was added gene: PAN2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: PAN2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: PAN2 were set to PMID:35304602; 29620724 Phenotypes for gene: PAN2 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, PAN2-related Review for gene: PAN2 was set to GREEN Added comment: PMID:35304602 reports five individuals from 3 families with biallelic (homozygous) loss-of-function variants. Clinical presentation incudes mild-moderate intellectual disability, hypotonia, sensorineural hearing loss, EEG abnormalities, congenital heart defects (tetralogy of Fallot, septal defects, dilated aortic root), urinary tract malformations, ophthalmological anomalies, short stature with other skeletal anomalies, and craniofacial features including flat occiput, ptosis, long philtrum, and short neck. PMID:29620724 reports one individual with biallelic (homozygous) loss-of-function variant who presented with global developmental delay, mild hypotonia, craniosynostosis, severe early-onset scoliosis, imperforate anus, and double urinary collecting system. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.47 | ATOH1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ATOH1 were changed from Pontocerebellar hypoplasia; developmental delay; hearing loss to Pontocerebellar hypoplasia MONDO:0020135, ATOH1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.45 | PTPN13 |
Ain Roesley gene: PTPN13 was added gene: PTPN13 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: PTPN13 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: PTPN13 were set to 35643866 Phenotypes for gene: PTPN13 were set to bone marrow failure syndrome MONDO#0000159, PTPN13-related Review for gene: PTPN13 was set to AMBER gene: PTPN13 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: 2 families Family A: 3 affecteds only 2 sequenced. Hom for a missense 3/3 Anaemia, 1x thrombocytopaenia, 1x severe neutropaenia, bone marrow with pure red cell aplasia noted that the sibling who wasn't sequenced had normal bone marrow morphology Family B: Chet for a missense and inframe del of 1 amino acid Persistent hypogammaglobulinemia after transplant (at least 14 months after) with normal blood counts and Pre-B ALL with MLL rearrangement In vitro studies of individual variants were LoF, including defective erythroid and megakaryocytic differentiation, consistent with anaemia and thrombocytopaenia reported in family A Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.44 | BUB1 | Paul De Fazio edited their review of gene: BUB1: Changed phenotypes: Neurodevelopmental disorder, BUB1-related MONDO:0700092, Intellectual disability and microcephaly | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.44 | BUB1 |
Paul De Fazio gene: BUB1 was added gene: BUB1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: BUB1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: BUB1 were set to 35044816; 19772675; 19117986; 23209306 Phenotypes for gene: BUB1 were set to Intellectual disability and microcephaly Review for gene: BUB1 was set to GREEN gene: BUB1 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: 2 unrelated patients with ID, microcephaly, short stature, dysmorphic features reported with biallelic variants: P1 (3yo male): homozygous start-loss variant (2 hets and 0 hom in gnomAD). Functional testing showed a small amount of full-length protein was translated, and BUB1 recruitment to kinetochores was nearly undetectable. P2 (16yo female): compound heterozygous for a canonical splice variant (1 het and no hom in gnomAD) and an NMD-predicted frameshift variant (absent from gnomAD). The splice variant was shown to result in an in-frame deletion of 54 amino acids in the kinase domain. P2 cells have reduced protein levels but essentially no kinase activity. BUB1 patient cells have impaired mitotic fidelity. Homozygous Bub1 disruption in mice is embryonic lethal (PMID:19772675). A hypomorphic mouse is viable with increased tumourigenesis with ageing and aneuploidy (PMID:19117986). A kinase-dead mouse does not show increased tumourigenesis but does have a high frequency of aneuploid cells (PMID:23209306) Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.44 | LMOD2 |
Melanie Marty gene: LMOD2 was added gene: LMOD2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: LMOD2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: LMOD2 were set to PMID: 31517052; PMID: 34888509; PMID: 35082396; PMID: 35188328; PMID: 26487682 Phenotypes for gene: LMOD2 were set to Dilated cardiomyopathy Review for gene: LMOD2 was set to GREEN Added comment: 4 unrelated families with early onset dilated cardiomyopathy, autosomal recessive inheritance, functional studies showing loss of protein and a mouse model reported. PMID: 31517052 1 x neonate with DCM, homozygous nonsense variant identified. PMID: 34888509 2 x neonatal deaths (from 1 family) related to dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), compound heterozygous loss-of-function variants identified. PMID:35082396 2 x siblings with DCM who died shortly after birth due to heart failure, homozygous canonical splice variant identified. Functional studies show loss of donor site and loss of protein. PMID: 35188328 1 x child (9 months) with DCM, with homozygous frameshift variant. Functional studies showed absence of LMOD2 protein (western blot). PMID: 26487682 Lmod2 null (knockout) mice present with short cardiac thin filaments and die at ~3 weeks due to dysfunctional, dilated hearts Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.44 | SEMA6B | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: SEMA6B were changed from Progressive myoclonic epilepsy to Progressive myoclonic epilepsy; Intellectual disability, MONDO:0001071, SEMA6B related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.43 | SRRM2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: SRRM2 were changed from Developmental disorders to Neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO:0700092 SRRM2-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.40 | SEMA6B |
Dean Phelan commented on gene: SEMA6B: PMID: 35604360 - 14 heterozygous variants were observed in 16 unrelated individuals referred for intellectual disability. Majority of the variants 9/14 were PTCs in the last exon and predicted to escape NMD. Functional studies of selected variants and shRNA knock down studies showed mislocalisation and abnormal protein function. |
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| Mendeliome v1.40 | SEMA6B | Dean Phelan reviewed gene: SEMA6B: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID: 35604360; Phenotypes: Intellectual disability, MONDO:0001071, SEMA6B related; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.39 | HEATR3 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: HEATR3 were changed from Diamond Blackfan anaemia, MONDO:0015253, HEATR3 related to Diamond Blackfan anaemia, MONDO:0015253, HEATR3 related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.38 | HEATR3 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: HEATR3 were changed from DiMONDO:0015253 to Diamond Blackfan anaemia, MONDO:0015253, HEATR3 related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.36 | SRRM2 | Michelle Torres reviewed gene: SRRM2: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 35567594; Phenotypes: neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO:0700092 SRRM2-related; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.35 | GIMAP6 |
Elena Savva gene: GIMAP6 was added gene: GIMAP6 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: GIMAP6 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: GIMAP6 were set to PMID: 35551368; 33328581 Phenotypes for gene: GIMAP6 were set to Autophagy, immune competence and inflammation Review for gene: GIMAP6 was set to AMBER Added comment: PMID: 35551368, PMID: 33328581 - K/O mice show autophagy, redox regulation, and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)–containing lipids and die prematurely from microangiopathic glomerulosclerosis with immunodeficiency. - 2 unrelated families (3 patients) w/ a homozygous missense (p.Gly153Val) and nonsense (p.Trp86*). All unaffected siblings were heterozygous. Patient 1 (missense) presented with Coombs-positive hemolytic anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, Cranial MRI showed bilateral effusions, sulcal hyperintensity, and lateral parietal subcortical acute focal ischemic lesions. Patient 2 (nonsense) presented with recurrent purulent otitis media and a chronic wet cough, persistent jaundice, recurrent chest and ear infections, lingular consolidation, mild bronchiectasis, bibasilar bronchial wall thickening, right peribronchial consolidation, right lower lobe bronchiectasis, bilateral axillary lymphadenopathy, and splenomegaly. Patient 3 (nonsense) presented with suffered headaches, abdomen pain, mouth ulcers, and recurrent infections - Functional studies show patient 1 (missense) with reduced protein expression on western blot, and patient 2/3 (nonsense) with no protein expression. T cells of Pt 1 were similar to mouse K/O model (elevated basal LC3-II, reduced autophagic flux). gnomAD: 0 homozygous PTCs, but a very common canonical splice which is present in the non-canonical transcript Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.34 | HEATR3 |
Chern Lim gene: HEATR3 was added gene: HEATR3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: HEATR3 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: HEATR3 were set to PMID: 35213692 Phenotypes for gene: HEATR3 were set to Bone marrow failure, short stature, facial and acromelic dysmorphic features, and mild intellectual disability Review for gene: HEATR3 was set to GREEN gene: HEATR3 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: PMID: 35213692: - 4 unrelated individuals with biallelic HEATR3 variants (missense and splice site variants), exhibiting bone marrow failure, short stature, facial and acromelic dysmorphic features, and mild intellectual disability. - Functional analysis showed HEATR3 variants destabilised the protein, resulting in a reduction of nuclear uL18 and impaired ribosome biogenesis. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.34 | TRIM47 |
Zornitza Stark gene: TRIM47 was added gene: TRIM47 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: TRIM47 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: TRIM47 were set to 35511193 Phenotypes for gene: TRIM47 were set to Genetic cerebral small vessel disease MONDO:0018787 Review for gene: TRIM47 was set to RED Added comment: GWAS data: Combined evidence from summary-based Mendelian randomization studies and profiling of human loss-of-function allele carriers showed an inverse relation between TRIM47 expression in the brain and blood vessels and extensive small vessel disease severity. Observed significant enrichment of Trim47 in isolated brain vessel preparations compared to total brain fraction in mice, in line with the literature showing Trim47 enrichment in brain endothelial cells at single cell level. Functional evaluation of TRIM47 by small interfering RNAs-mediated knockdown in human brain endothelial cells showed increased endothelial permeability, an important hallmark of cerebral small vessel disease pathology. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v1.29 | SPTAN1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: SPTAN1 were changed from Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 5, MIM# 613477; hereditary motor neuropathy to Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 5, MIM# 613477; Hereditary spastic paraplegia MONDO:0019064, SPTAN1-related; hereditary motor neuropathy | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.28 | SPTAN1 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: SPTAN1: Added comment: Leveille et al (2019) - 2 patients with HSP with biallelic missense SPTAN1 variants Previously described zebrafish, mouse, and rat animal models of SPTAN1 deficiency, all consistently showing axonal degeneration, fitting the pathological features of HSP in humans. Xie et al (2022) - 1 patient with complicated HSP and homozygous SPTAN1 mutation. Healthy parents and sister all carried the heterozygous mutation. Van de Vondel et al (2022) - 22 patients from 14 families with five novel heterozygous SPTAN1 variants. Presentations ranged from cerebellar ataxia, intellectual disability, epilepsy, and spastic paraplegia. A recurrent missense mutation (p.Arg19Trp) in 15 patients with spastic paraplegia. Through protein modeling they showed that mutated amino acids are located at crucial interlinking positions, interconnecting the three-helix bundle of a spectrin repeat.; Changed publications: 20493457, 22258530, 32811770, 35150594, 34526651, 31515523; Changed phenotypes: Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 5, MIM# 613477, Hereditary spastic paraplegia MONDO:0019064, SPTAN1-related; Changed mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.28 | U2AF2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: U2AF2 were changed from Developmental disorders to Neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO:0700092, U2AF2-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.27 | MMGT1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: MMGT1 were changed from Developmental disorders to Neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO:0700092, MMGT1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.20 | GJA5 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: GJA5: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Atrial fibrillation, familial, 11, OMIM# 614049; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.15 | IKBKG |
Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: IKBKG: Added comment: X-linked systemic autoinflammatory disease (SAIDX) is characterized by the onset of systemic autoinflammation in the first months of life. Features include lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, fever, panniculitis, and nodular skin rash. Additional manifestations may include inflammation of the optic nerve, intracranial hemorrhage, and lipodystrophy. Laboratory studies show hypogammaglobulinemia, increased or decreased white blood cell count, autoimmune cytopenias, elevated serum inflammatory markers, and a type I interferon signature. 6 unrelated boys and a girl reported. All variants resulted in absence of the domain encoded by exon 5 (NEMOdelEx5). Note variants in this gene are associated with immunodeficiency +/- ectodermal features and with IP.; Changed phenotypes: Ectodermal dysplasia and immunodeficiency 1, MIM# 300291, Immunodeficiency 33 , MIM#300636, Incontinentia pigmenti, MIM# 308300, Autoinflammatory disease, systemic, X-linked, MIM# 301081 |
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| Mendeliome v1.14 | SLC38A3 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: SLC38A3 were changed from Developmental epileptic encephalopathy MONDO:0100062, SLC38A3-related to Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 102, MIM# 619881 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.7 | PROSER1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: PROSER1 was added gene: PROSER1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review founder tags were added to gene: PROSER1. Mode of inheritance for gene: PROSER1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: PROSER1 were set to 35229282 Phenotypes for gene: PROSER1 were set to Syndromic disease MONDO:0002254, PROSER1-related Review for gene: PROSER1 was set to RED Added comment: 4 children from 3 related families with developmental delay, hypotonia, seizures, failure-to-thrive, strabismus, drooling, recurrent otitis media, hearing impairment, genitourinary malformations, and common facial features (arched eyebrows, prominent eyes, broad nasal bridge, low-hanging columella, open mouth, thick lower lip, protruding tongue, large low-set ears, and parietal bossing). WES revealed a homozygous frame-shift variant (p.Thr612Glnfs*22) in PROSER1. This encodes the proline and serine rich protein 1, part of the histone methyltransferases KMT2C/KMT2D complexes. PROSER1 stabilizes TET2, a member of the TET family of DNA demethylases which is involved in recruiting the enhancer-associated KMT2C/KMT2D complexes and mediating DNA demethylation, activating gene expression. Therefore, PROSER1 may play vital and potentially general roles in gene regulation. No functional assays and 3 related families, likely founder effect. Sources: Expert Review |
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| Mendeliome v1.3 | RDH11 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: RDH11: Added comment: 2nd case reported: 1 Chinese patient with retinitis pigmentosa, juvenile cataracts, intellectual disability, and myopathy. Trio-based WES and whole genomic CNV detection found compound heterozygous variants in RDH11 (p.Leu313Pro and c.75-3C>A) with biparental inheritance. Variant c.75-3C>A was confirmed to be a splice-site mutation by cDNA sequencing. It caused exon 2 skipping, resulting in a frameshift mutation and premature translation termination (p.Lys26Serfs*38). They found mislocalization of RDH11 protein in muscle cells of the patient by using immunofluorescence staining. Retinol dehydrogenase 11 (RDH11) is an 11-cis-retinol dehydrogenase that has a well-characterized, albeit auxiliary role in the retinoid cycle. Diseases caused by mutations in the RDH11 gene are very rare, and only one affected family with eye and intelligence involvement has been reported.; Changed rating: AMBER; Changed publications: 24916380, 15634683, 30731079, 18326732, 34988992 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v1.3 | ETV2 |
Ain Roesley changed review comment from: 1 family with 4 fetus-es, cHet for a fs (NMD-predicted) and a missense 3/4 vertebral malformations 2/4 Tetralogy of Fallot 1/4 arterial septal defect 1/4 ventricular septal defect, aortic dilatation 1/4 pre-axial polydactyly Sources: Literature; to: 1 family with 4 fetus-es all cHet for a fs (NMD-predicted) and a missense 3/4 vertebral malformations 2/4 Tetralogy of Fallot 1/4 arterial septal defect 1/4 ventricular septal defect, aortic dilatation 1/4 pre-axial polydactyly Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.14755 | ADD1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ADD1 were changed from Intellectual disability, corpus callosum dysgenesis, and ventriculomegaly; no OMIM # to Neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO:0700092, ADD1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.14728 | ETV2 |
Ain Roesley gene: ETV2 was added gene: ETV2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ETV2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: ETV2 were set to 33359164 Phenotypes for gene: ETV2 were set to multiple fetal anomalies; congenital heart disease MONDO:000545, ETV2-related; vertebral malformations Review for gene: ETV2 was set to RED gene: ETV2 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: 1 family with 4 fetus-es, cHet for a fs (NMD-predicted) and a missense 3/4 vertebral malformations 2/4 Tetralogy of Fallot 1/4 arterial septal defect 1/4 ventricular septal defect, aortic dilatation 1/4 pre-axial polydactyly Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.14726 | GALNT2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: GALNT2 were changed from Congenital disorder of glycosylation to Congenital disorder of glycosylation MONDO:0015286 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.14704 | GCK | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: GCK were changed from to Diabetes mellitus, noninsulin-dependent, late onset, AD (MIM#125853); Diabetes mellitus, permanent neonatal 1, AR (MIM#606176); Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, familial, 3, AD (MIM#602485); MODY, type II, AD (MIM#125851) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.14695 | GATAD1 | Elena Savva Phenotypes for gene: GATAD1 were changed from to ?Cardiomyopathy, dilated, 2B MIM#614672 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.14680 | GFM2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: GFM2 were changed from to Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 39, OMIM #618397 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.14672 | TIA1 | Elena Savva Phenotypes for gene: TIA1 were changed from Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 26 with or without frontotemporal dementia, MIM# 619133; Welander distal myopathy (MIM#604454) to Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 26 with or without frontotemporal dementia, MIM# 619133; Welander distal myopathy (MIM#604454) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.14667 | TIA1 | Elena Savva Phenotypes for gene: TIA1 were changed from to Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 26 with or without frontotemporal dementia, MIM# 619133; Welander distal myopathy (MIM#604454) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.14662 | MSX1 | Elena Savva Phenotypes for gene: MSX1 were changed from Witkop syndrome (Ectodermal Dysplasia) (MIM: 189500),Cleft Lip+/- Cleft Palate (Rofacial Cleft- MIM :608874), Oligodontia to Witkop syndrome (Ectodermal Dysplasia) (MIM: 189500),Cleft Lip+/- Cleft Palate (Rofacial Cleft- MIM :608874), Oligodontia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.14660 | MSX1 | Elena Savva Phenotypes for gene: MSX1 were changed from to Witkop syndrome (Ectodermal Dysplasia) (MIM: 189500),Cleft Lip+/- Cleft Palate (Rofacial Cleft- MIM :608874), Oligodontia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.14654 | GJA5 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: GJA5 were changed from to Atrial fibrillation, familial, 11, OMIM# 614049 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.14650 | ADD1 |
Chirag Patel gene: ADD1 was added gene: ADD1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ADD1 was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic (but BIALLELIC mutations cause a more SEVERE disease form), autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: ADD1 were set to PMID: 34906466 Phenotypes for gene: ADD1 were set to Intellectual disability, corpus callosum dysgenesis, and ventriculomegaly; no OMIM # Review for gene: ADD1 was set to GREEN Added comment: 4 unrelated individuals affected by ID and/or complete or partial agenesis of corpus callosum, and enlarged lateral ventricles. WES found loss-of-function variants - 1 recessive missense variant and 3 de novo variants. The recessive variant is associated with ACC and enlarged lateral ventricles, and the de novo variants were associated with complete or partial agenesis of corpus callosum, mild ID and attention deficit. Human variants impair ADD1 protein expression and/or dimerization with ADD2. Add1 knockout mice recapitulate corpus callosum dysgenesis and ventriculomegaly phenotypes. Three adducin genes (ADD1, ADD2, and ADD3) encode cytoskeleton proteins that are critical for osmotic rigidity and cell shape. ADD1, ADD2, and ADD3 form heterodimers (ADD1/ADD2, ADD1/ADD3), which further form heterotetramers. Adducins interconnect spectrin and actin filaments to form polygonal scaffolds beneath the cell membranes and form ring-like structures in neuronal axons. Adducins regulate mouse neural development, but their function in the human brain is unknown Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.14647 | GJA5 |
Chirag Patel commented on gene: GJA5: Gollob et al. (2006) presented evidence that tissue-specific mutations in the GJA5 gene may predispose the atria to fibrillation. They identified a heterozygous missense mutation in blood and cardiac tissue in patient with AF. They also found 3 heterozygous missense mutations in cardiac tissue only in 3 other patients, indicating a somatic source of the genetic defects Yang et al. (2010) identified a heterozygous nonsense mutationin a 64-year-old female patient who was diagnosed with paroxysmal AF at 32 years of age. The mutation was detected in 6 additional affected family members, but was not found in 6 unaffected family members or in 200 ethnically matched controls. Yang et al. (2010) identified 3 heterozygous missense mutations in 3 probands with AF. The mutations segregated with disease in all 3 families and were not found in 200 ethnically matched controls. Sun et al. (2013) identified a heterozygous missense mutation in a 42-year-old woman who had been diagnosed with AF at age 40 years. The mutation was also detected in her father, who had been diagnosed with lone AF at 41 years of age, but it was not found in unaffected family members, in 200 controls, or in the dbSNP database. Functional analysis demonstrated that the I75F mutant is unable to form functional gap junction channels and also impairs coupling when expressed with wildtype CX40 or CX43. |
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| Mendeliome v0.14647 | GJA5 | Chirag Patel reviewed gene: GJA5: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID: 16790700, 20818502, 20650941, 23348765; Phenotypes: Atrial fibrillation, familial, 11, OMIM# 614049; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.14593 | GPC4 | Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: GPC4 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.14592 | GCK | Chirag Patel reviewed gene: GCK: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID: 19790256; Phenotypes: Diabetes mellitus, noninsulin-dependent, late onset, AD (MIM#125853), Diabetes mellitus, permanent neonatal 1, AR (MIM#606176), Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, familial, 3, AD (MIM#602485), MODY, type II, AD (MIM#125851); Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.14591 | GFM2 | Chirag Patel reviewed gene: GFM2: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID: 22700954, 26016410, 29075935; Phenotypes: Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 39, OMIM #618397; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.14579 | GATAD1 | Chirag Patel reviewed gene: GATAD1: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID: 21965549; Phenotypes: ?Cardiomyopathy, dilated, 2B, OMIM # 614672; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.14532 | ATP6AP2 | Elena Savva Phenotypes for gene: ATP6AP2 were changed from ?Parkinsonism with spasticity, X-linked MIM#300911; Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type IIr MIM#301045; Intellectual developmental disorder, X-linked, syndromic, Hedera type MIM#300423 to ?Parkinsonism with spasticity, X-linked MIM#300911; Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type IIr MIM#301045; Intellectual developmental disorder, X-linked, syndromic, Hedera type MIM#300423 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.14531 | ATP6AP2 | Elena Savva Phenotypes for gene: ATP6AP2 were changed from to ?Parkinsonism with spasticity, X-linked MIM#300911; Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type IIr MIM#301045; Intellectual developmental disorder, X-linked, syndromic, Hedera type MIM#300423 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.14530 | ATP6AP2 | Elena Savva reviewed gene: ATP6AP2: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: Other; Publications: PMID: 23595882; Phenotypes: ?Parkinsonism with spasticity, X-linked MIM#300911, Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type IIr MIM#301045, Intellectual developmental disorder, X-linked, syndromic, Hedera type MIM#300423; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.14509 | CPSF3 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: CPSF3 were changed from Neurodevelopmental disorder, CPSF3-related, MONDO:0700092 to Neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, hypotonia, and seizures (NEDMHS), MIM#619876 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.14457 | MECP2 | Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MECP2 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.14456 | MECP2 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: MECP2: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Rett syndrome, MIM# 312750, Intellectual developmental disorder, X-linked, syndromic 13, MIM# 300055, Encephalopathy, neonatal severe, MIM# 300673; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.14450 | ARV1 | Elena Savva Phenotypes for gene: ARV1 were changed from to DEVELOPMENTAL AND EPILEPTIC ENCEPHALOPATHY 38 MIM#61720; Dilated cardiomyopathy | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.14422 | MATR3 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: MATR3 were changed from to Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 21, MIM# 606070; Distal myopathy | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.14419 | MATR3 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: MATR3: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 19344878, 24686783, 35205163, 34659085, 34173818, 26493020; Phenotypes: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 21, MIM# 606070, Distal myopathy; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.14413 | MAGT1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: MAGT1 were changed from to Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Icc (MIM# 301031); Immunodeficiency, X-linked, with magnesium defect, Epstein-Barr virus infection and neoplasia (MIM# 300853) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.14410 | MAGT1 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: PMID: 31036665; - 3 affecteds (males; 2x CDG and 1x XMEN) - All 3 patients have an N-glycosylation defect PMID: 31714901; - 23 XMEN patients from 17 families - glycoproteomic analysis on T cells from 3 patients with XMEN showed defective glycosylation; to: PMID: 31036665; - 3 affecteds (males; 2x CDG and 1x XMEN) - All 3 patients have an N-glycosylation defect PMID: 31714901; - 23 XMEN patients from 17 families - glycoproteomic analysis on T cells from 3 patients with XMEN showed defective glycosylation These likely represent a single disorder. |
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| Mendeliome v0.14410 | MAGT1 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: MAGT1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 31036665, 31714901; Phenotypes: Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Icc (MIM# 301031), Immunodeficiency, X-linked, with magnesium defect, Epstein-Barr virus infection and neoplasia (MIM# 300853); Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.14410 | MSX1 | Abhijit Kulkarni reviewed gene: MSX1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 33419968, 33708320, 32192766; Phenotypes: Witkop syndrome (Ectodermal Dysplasia) (MIM: 189500),Cleft Lip+/- Cleft Palate (Rofacial Cleft- MIM :608874), Oligodontia; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.14383 | RMND1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: RMND1 were changed from to Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 11 MIM#614922 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.14379 | RBFOX2 |
Chern Lim edited their review of gene: RBFOX2: Added comment: - PMID: 26785492: Analysed CHD (1213 congenital heart disease trios) and control (autism spectrum disorder) trios for de novo mutations. Found RBFOX2 gene had significantly more damaging de novo variants than expected: 3 de novo LoF variants (eg. nonsense, frameshift, or canonical splice disruptions). All 3 probands have hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS). No further patient-specific clinical or variant info were available. Same cohort later included in PMID: 32368696, listed 4 de novo variants in this gene, in patients with left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) or conotruncal defects (CTDs). - PMID: 27670201: RNA expression study showed the silenced allele harbours a nonsense RBFOX2 variant (Arg287*), CHD patient heart tissue sample, same patient published in PMID: 26785492. - PMID: 27485310: Functional studies using heart tissue sample from HLHS patient with NM_001031695.2:c.859C>T p.(Arg287*) showed subcellular mislocalisation, impacting its nuclear function in RNA splicing. - PMID: 25205790: De novo 111.3kb del chr22:36038076-36149338 (hg19) which includes APOL5,APOL6,RBFOX2, in a patient with HLHS. - PMID: 35137168: Rbfox2 conditional knockout mouse model recapitulated several molecular and phenotypic features of HLHS.; Changed publications: PMID: 26785492, 27670201, 27485310, 25205790, 35137168, 26785492 |
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| Mendeliome v0.14345 | RBFOX2 |
Chern Lim gene: RBFOX2 was added gene: RBFOX2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: RBFOX2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: RBFOX2 were set to PMID: 26785492; 27670201; 27485310; 25205790; 35137168 Phenotypes for gene: RBFOX2 were set to Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) Review for gene: RBFOX2 was set to AMBER gene: RBFOX2 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: - PMID: 26785492: Analysed CHD (1213 congenital heart disease trios) and control (autism spectrum disorder) trios for de novo mutations. Found RBFOX2 gene had significantly more damaging de novo variants than expected: 3 de novo LoF variants (eg. nonsense, frameshift, or canonical splice disruptions). All 3 probands have hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS). No further patient-specific clinical or variant info were available. - PMID: 27670201: RNA expression study showed the silenced allele harbours a nonsense RBFOX2 variant (Arg287*), CHD patient heart tissue sample, same patient published in PMID: 26785492. - PMID: 27485310: Functional studies using heart tissue sample from HLHS patient with NM_001031695.2:c.859C>T p.(Arg287*) showed subcellular mislocalisation, impacting its nuclear function in RNA splicing. - PMID: 25205790: De novo 111.3kb del chr22:36038076-36149338 (hg19) which includes APOL5,APOL6,RBFOX2, in a patient with HLHS. - PMID: 35137168: Rbfox2 conditional knockout mouse model recapitulated several molecular and phenotypic features of HLHS. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.14341 | ARV1 | Abhijit Kulkarni reviewed gene: ARV1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 35227294, 27270415, 25558065; Phenotypes: DEVELOPMENTAL AND EPILEPTIC ENCEPHALOPATHY 38 ( MIM:61720) Dilated cardiomyopathy; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.14341 | RMND1 | Belinda Chong reviewed gene: RMND1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 11 MIM#614922; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.14325 | MRPS2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: MRPS2 were changed from to Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 36, MIM# 617950 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.14322 | MRPS2 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: MRPS2: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 29576219, 34991560; Phenotypes: Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 36, MIM# 617950; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.14312 | MTFMT | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: MTFMT were changed from to Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 15, MIM# 614947; Mitochondrial complex I deficiency, nuclear type 27, MIM# 618248 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.14309 | MTFMT | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: MTFMT: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 21907147, 23499752, 24461907, 22499348; Phenotypes: Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 15, MIM# 614947, Mitochondrial complex I deficiency, nuclear type 27, MIM# 618248; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.14305 | MTHFR | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: MTHFR were changed from to Homocystinuria due to MTHFR deficiency MIM#236250; Disorders of folate metabolism and transport | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.14299 | MTO1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: MTO1 were changed from to Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 10, OMIM #614702 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.14296 | MTO1 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: MTO1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 26061759, 29331171, 23929671; Phenotypes: Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 10, OMIM #614702; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.14291 | DSCAM |
Krithika Murali edited their review of gene: DSCAM: Added comment: No OMIM gene disease association. Variants predominantly identified from large cohort studies with limited phenotypic information. Associations with ID, ASD, Hirschsprung disease reported. One homozygous splice site variant reported with no parental phenotypes provided. PMID 34253863 Lim et al 2021 - 12 yo proband with severe autism spectrum disorder diagnosed age 3, de novo heterozygous c.2051 del p.(L684X) variant identified (absent from gnomAD). Skin fibroblast human iPSC cells generated from proband and healthy controls. Forebrain-like induced neuronal cells showed reduced mRNA expression for NMDA-R subunits. PMID 28600779 Monies et al 2017 - Homozygous splice site variant identified in proband from consanguineous Saudi family. Proband had growth restriction, microcephaly, developmental delay. Parental phenotype not provided. PMID 30095639 and PMID 23671607 - report association between DSCAM polymorphisms and Hirschsprung disease in Chinese and European populations. PMID 27824329 Wang et al 2016 - 2 denovo mutations in mixed ID/ASD cohort of 1,045; including comparison of previously published cases 6 LOF out of 4,998 cases. PMID 28191889 2 denovo LOF in 13,407 mixed ID/ASD cases plus 4 previosly published cases our ot 6158; conclude denovo LOF enriched in cases vs controls PMID 21904980; mouse model – het LOF mice show hydrocephalus, decreased motor function and impaired motor learning ability, Evidence for missense lacking currently; Changed publications: 34253863, 32807774, 28600779, 21904980, 28191889, 27824329, 30095639, 23671607 |
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| Mendeliome v0.14232 | MYOCD |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Congenital megabladder (MGBL) is characterized by a massively dilated bladder with disrupted smooth muscle in the bladder wall. MGBL is a sex-limited trait with 95% male predominance, likely the result of differences in urethra and bladder development and length differences in urethra between males and females. Seven affected males from three families. Five females and one male with the variant were unaffected, suggesting incomplete penetrance. Additional family in PMID 35005812 as part of a large prenatal renal cohort.; to: Congenital megabladder (MGBL) is characterized by a massively dilated bladder with disrupted smooth muscle in the bladder wall. MGBL is a sex-limited trait with 95% male predominance, likely the result of differences in urethra and bladder development and length differences in urethra between males and females. Seven affected males from three families. Five females and one male with the variant were unaffected, suggesting incomplete penetrance. Additional family in PMID 35005812 as part of a large prenatal renal cohort. Mono allelic disease in males (megabladder), bi-allelic disease in males and females (megabladder and congenital heart disease). Mouse models. |
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| Mendeliome v0.14223 | FUT8 | Bryony Thompson Phenotypes for gene: FUT8 were changed from to Congenital disorder of glycosylation with defective fucosylation 1 MONDO:0020775 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.14220 | FUT8 | Bryony Thompson reviewed gene: FUT8: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 29304374, 34389986, 32049367, 16236725; Phenotypes: Congenital disorder of glycosylation with defective fucosylation 1 MONDO:0020775; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.14209 | FSHR | Bryony Thompson Phenotypes for gene: FSHR were changed from to Ovarian dysgenesis 1 MONDO:0024463; Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome MONDO:0011972 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.14208 | RHEB | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: RHEB were changed from to Neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO:0700092, RHEB-related; Intellectual disability; Macrocephaly; Focal cortical dysplasia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.14205 | RHEB | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: RHEB: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 31337748, 29051493; Phenotypes: Neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO:0700092, RHEB-related, Intellectual disability, Macrocephaly, Focal cortical dysplasia; Mode of inheritance: Other | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.14203 | FSHR | Bryony Thompson reviewed gene: FSHR: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 16630814, 7553856, 9020851, 9769327, 20087398, 9854118, 12930928, 12930927, 17721928, 26911863; Phenotypes: Ovarian dysgenesis 1 MONDO:0024463, Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome MONDO:0011972; Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.14184 | TLR7 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: TLR7 were changed from Immunodeficiency 74, COVID19-related, X-linked, MIM# 301051 to Immunodeficiency 74, COVID19-related, X-linked, MIM# 301051; Systemic lupus erythematosus 17, MIM# 301080 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.14182 | TLR7 | Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TLR7 was changed from X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.14181 | TLR7 | Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Four affected individuals from two unrelated families and some functional data.; to: Immunodeficiency: Four affected individuals from two unrelated families and some functional data. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.14181 | TLR7 |
Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: TLR7: Added comment: SLE XLD: only affected females reported; 4 individuals from three unrelated families. Mouse model.; Changed publications: 32706371, 35477763; Changed phenotypes: Immunodeficiency 74, COVID19-related, X-linked, MIM# 301051, Systemic lupus erythematosus 17, MIM# 301080; Changed mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) |
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| Mendeliome v0.14180 | MOV10L1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: MOV10L1 was added gene: MOV10L1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: MOV10L1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: MOV10L1 were set to 35476666; 20534472 Phenotypes for gene: MOV10L1 were set to Spermatogenic failure 73, MIM#619878 Review for gene: MOV10L1 was set to AMBER Added comment: Two unrelated individuals and a mouse model. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.14138 | RASGRP2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: RASGRP2 were changed from to Bleeding disorder, platelet-type, 18 (MIM#615888) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.14135 | RASGRP2 | Crystle Lee reviewed gene: RASGRP2: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 28762304, 27663674, 28637664, 27235135; Phenotypes: Bleeding disorder, platelet-type, 18 (MIM#615888); Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.14105 | SLC16A1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: SLC16A1 were changed from to Erythrocyte lactate transporter defect, MIM# 245340; Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycaemia, familial, 7, MIM# 610021; Monocarboxylate transporter 1 deficiency, MIM# 616095 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.14102 | SLC16A1 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: SLC16A1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 25390740, 32170320; Phenotypes: Erythrocyte lactate transporter defect, MIM# 245340, Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycaemia, familial, 7, MIM# 610021, Monocarboxylate transporter 1 deficiency, MIM# 616095; Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.14091 | FMR1 | Bryony Thompson Mode of inheritance for gene: FMR1 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.14090 | FMR1 | Bryony Thompson reviewed gene: FMR1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 8156595, 28176767, 29178241; Phenotypes: Fragile X syndrome MONDO:0010383; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.14088 | FLNC | Bryony Thompson Phenotypes for gene: FLNC were changed from to Myofibrillar myopathy MONDO:0018943; Dilated cardiomyopathy MONDO:0005021; distal myopathy with posterior leg and anterior hand involvement MONDO:0013550 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.14087 | FLVCR1 | Bryony Thompson edited their review of gene: FLVCR1: Added comment: At least 5 unrelated families reported with visual impairment and ataxia. Onset is usually in childhood.; Changed publications: 21070897, 22279524, 21267618; Changed phenotypes: posterior column ataxia-retinitis pigmentosa syndrome MONDO:0012177; Set current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.14085 | FLNC | Bryony Thompson reviewed gene: FLNC: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 15929027, 32112656; Phenotypes: Myofibrillar myopathy MONDO:0018943, Dilated cardiomyopathy MONDO:0005021, distal myopathy with posterior leg and anterior hand involvement MONDO:0013550; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.14085 | FLNB | Bryony Thompson edited their review of gene: FLNB: Changed phenotypes: spondylocarpotarsal synostosis syndrome MONDO:0010094, filamin-related bone disorder MONDO:0019690 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.14085 | FLNB | Bryony Thompson edited their review of gene: FLNB: Changed phenotypes: filamin-related bone disorder MONDO:0019690 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.14085 | FLNB | Bryony Thompson Phenotypes for gene: FLNB were changed from spondylocarpotarsal synostosis syndrome MONDO:0010094; osteochondrodysplasia MONDO:0005516 to spondylocarpotarsal synostosis syndrome MONDO:0010094; filamin-related bone disorder MONDO:0019690 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.14081 | FLI1 | Bryony Thompson Phenotypes for gene: FLI1 were changed from to Bleeding disorder, platelet-type, 21 MONDO:0054577 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.14078 | FLI1 | Bryony Thompson reviewed gene: FLI1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 10891501, 10981960, 24100448, 28255014, 26316623; Phenotypes: Bleeding disorder, platelet-type, 21 MONDO:0054577; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.14064 | GSN |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: The Finnish type of systemic amyloidosis is characterized clinically by a unique constellation of features including lattice corneal dystrophy, and cranial neuropathy, bulbar signs, and skin changes. Some patients may develop peripheral neuropathy and renal failure. The disorder is usually inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern; however, homozygotes with a more severe phenotype have also been reported. Multiple families with same founder variant.; to: The Finnish type of systemic amyloidosis is characterized clinically by a unique constellation of features including lattice corneal dystrophy, and cranial neuropathy, bulbar signs, and skin changes. Some patients may develop peripheral neuropathy and renal failure. The disorder is usually inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern; however, homozygotes with a more severe phenotype have also been reported. Multiple families with same founder variant, p.Asp187Asn, though other variants also reported. |
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| Mendeliome v0.14061 | GTF3C3 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: GTF3C3 were changed from to Neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO:0700092, GTF3C3-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.14058 | GTF3C3 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: GTF3C3: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 28940097, 28097321, 30552426; Phenotypes: Neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO:0700092, GTF3C3-related; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.14050 | ART4 | Elena Savva Phenotypes for gene: ART4 were changed from {Macular degeneration, age-related, 8} MIM#613778 to {Macular degeneration, age-related, 8} MIM#613778 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.14049 | ART4 | Elena Savva Phenotypes for gene: ART4 were changed from to {Macular degeneration, age-related, 8} MIM#613778 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.14047 | ART4 | Elena Savva reviewed gene: ART4: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID: 33675039, 33206405; Phenotypes: {Macular degeneration, age-related, 8} MIM#613778; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.14044 | ARMS2 | Elena Savva Phenotypes for gene: ARMS2 were changed from {Macular degeneration, age-related, 8} MIM#613778 to {Macular degeneration, age-related, 8} MIM#613778 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.14042 | FHL1 | Bryony Thompson Mode of inheritance for gene: FHL1 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.14040 | ARMS2 | Elena Savva Phenotypes for gene: ARMS2 were changed from to {Macular degeneration, age-related, 8} MIM#613778 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.14039 | FHL1 | Bryony Thompson reviewed gene: FHL1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 19716112, 20186852, 20301609, 18179901, 25274776, 34366191, 18274675, 19181672; Phenotypes: Reducing body myopathy MONDO:0019948, X-linked Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy MONDO:0010680; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males); Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.14037 | ARMS2 | Elena Savva reviewed gene: ARMS2: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: {Macular degeneration, age-related, 8} MIM#613778; Mode of inheritance: Unknown | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.14031 | FH | Bryony Thompson changed review comment from: Well established gene-disease associations. Loss of function is the mechanism of disease. Monoallelic variants associated with decreased fumarate hydratase enzyme activity cause FH tumour predisposition syndrome (also known as HLRCC; PMID: 11865300, 28300276). FH deficiency (also known as fumarase deficiency or fumaric aciduria) caused by biallelic variants results in severe neonatal and early infantile encephalopathy (PMID: 8200987, 20549362, 31746132). FH encodes for both mitochondrial and cytosolic FH enzyme isoforms, which catalyze hydration of fumarate to malate.; to: Well established gene-disease associations. Loss of function is the mechanism of disease. Monoallelic variants associated with decreased fumarate hydratase enzyme activity cause FH tumour predisposition syndrome (also known as HLRCC; PMID: 11865300, 28300276, 20301430). FH deficiency (also known as fumarase deficiency or fumaric aciduria) caused by biallelic variants results in severe neonatal and early infantile encephalopathy (PMID: 8200987, 20549362, 31746132, 20301679). FH encodes for both mitochondrial and cytosolic FH enzyme isoforms, which catalyze hydration of fumarate to malate. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.14024 | FGFR3 | Bryony Thompson Phenotypes for gene: FGFR3 were changed from achondroplasia MONDO:0007037; Thanatophoric dysplasia type 1 MONDO:0008546; Thanatophoric dysplasia type 2 MONDO:0008547; hypochondroplasia MONDO:0007793; Muenke syndrome MONDO:0011274; FGFR3-related chondrodysplasia MONDO:0019685; severe achondroplasia-developmental delay-acanthosis nigricans syndrome MONDO:0014658; camptodactyly-tall stature-scoliosis-hearing loss syndrome MONDO:0012504; Crouzon syndrome-acanthosis nigricans syndrome MONDO:0012833 to achondroplasia MONDO:0007037; Thanatophoric dysplasia type 1 MONDO:0008546; Thanatophoric dysplasia type 2 MONDO:0008547; hypochondroplasia MONDO:0007793; Muenke syndrome MONDO:0011274; FGFR3-related chondrodysplasia MONDO:0019685; severe achondroplasia-developmental delay-acanthosis nigricans syndrome MONDO:0014658; Crouzon syndrome-acanthosis nigricans syndrome MONDO:0012833; camptodactyly-tall stature-scoliosis-hearing loss syndrome MONDO:0012504 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.14020 | FGFR3 |
Bryony Thompson changed review comment from: FGFR3 has many well-established gene-disease associations with various skeletal dysplasia phenotypes. Gain-of-function is the main mechanism of disease for these disorders, except camptodactyly-tall stature-scoliosis-hearing loss syndrome where bialellic loss-of-function is the expected mechanism of disease. Specific monoallelic variants cause different phenotypes: >99% achondroplasia is caused by variants leading to the missense change p.Gly380Arg; Cysteine substitutions and stop-loss protein elongation variants are highly specific for Thanatophoric dysplasia (TD) type 1; p.Lys650Glu is associated with TD type 2; p.Ala391Glu causes Crouzon syndrome with acanthosis nigricans; and p.Pro250Arg causes Muenke syndrome.; to: FGFR3 has many well-established gene-disease associations with various skeletal dysplasia phenotypes. Gain-of-function is the main mechanism of disease for these disorders, except camptodactyly-tall stature-scoliosis-hearing loss syndrome (CATSHL syndrome, see separate curation below). Specific monoallelic variants cause different phenotypes: >99% achondroplasia is caused by variants leading to the missense change p.Gly380Arg; Cysteine substitutions and stop-loss protein elongation variants are highly specific for Thanatophoric dysplasia (TD) type 1; p.Lys650Glu is associated with TD type 2; p.Ala391Glu causes Crouzon syndrome with acanthosis nigricans; and p.Pro250Arg causes Muenke syndrome. Moderate evidence for CATSHL syndrome, AD & AR: PMID: 8630492, 17033969, 27139183, 24864036, 32641982 - 2 apparently unrelated families segregating the same missense, p.Arg621His. One consanguineous family with 2 affected brothers with homozygous p.Thr546Lys. Heterozygous individuals in the family were unaffected. No functional assays were conducted for either missense to demonstrate loss of function. Null mouse and zebrafish models are similar to the human CATSHL syndrome phenotype. |
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| Mendeliome v0.14016 | FGFR3 | Bryony Thompson edited their review of gene: FGFR3: Changed mode of pathogenicity: Other; Changed publications: 8630492, 32641982, 27139183, 24864036, 17033969, 20301331, 20301540, 20301650, 20301628; Changed phenotypes: achondroplasia MONDO:0007037, Thanatophoric dysplasia type 1 MONDO:0008546, Thanatophoric dysplasia type 2 MONDO:0008547, hypochondroplasia MONDO:0007793, Muenke syndrome MONDO:0011274, FGFR3-related chondrodysplasia MONDO:0019685, severe achondroplasia-developmental delay-acanthosis nigricans syndrome MONDO:0014658, Crouzon syndrome-acanthosis nigricans syndrome MONDO:0012833, camptodactyly-tall stature-scoliosis-hearing loss syndrome MONDO:0012504; Changed mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.14007 | HPRT1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: HPRT1 were changed from to HPRT-related gout (MIM# 300323); Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (MIM# 300322) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13991 | RP2 | Belinda Chong reviewed gene: RP2: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 9697692, 10053026, 10942419, 11462235, 12417528, 8225316, 26143542; Phenotypes: Retinitis pigmentosa 2 MIM#312600; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males); Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13967 | FGFR3 | Bryony Thompson Phenotypes for gene: FGFR3 were changed from to achondroplasia MONDO:0007037; Thanatophoric dysplasia type 1 MONDO:0008546; Thanatophoric dysplasia type 2 MONDO:0008547; hypochondroplasia MONDO:0007793; Muenke syndrome MONDO:0011274; FGFR3-related chondrodysplasia MONDO:0019685; severe achondroplasia-developmental delay-acanthosis nigricans syndrome MONDO:0014658; camptodactyly-tall stature-scoliosis-hearing loss syndrome MONDO:0012504; Crouzon syndrome-acanthosis nigricans syndrome MONDO:0012833 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13964 | FGFR3 | Bryony Thompson reviewed gene: FGFR3: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 26740388, 20301331, 20301540, 20301650, 20301628, 24864036, 17033969; Phenotypes: achondroplasia MONDO:0007037, Thanatophoric dysplasia type 1 MONDO:0008546, Thanatophoric dysplasia type 2 MONDO:0008547, hypochondroplasia MONDO:0007793, Muenke syndrome MONDO:0011274, FGFR3-related chondrodysplasia MONDO:0019685, severe achondroplasia-developmental delay-acanthosis nigricans syndrome MONDO:0014658, camptodactyly-tall stature-scoliosis-hearing loss syndrome MONDO:0012504, Crouzon syndrome-acanthosis nigricans syndrome MONDO:0012833; Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13954 | DMD | Ain Roesley Phenotypes for gene: DMD were changed from to Becker muscular dystrophy MIM@300376 XLR; Cardiomyopathy, dilated, 3B MIM#302045 XL; Duchenne muscular dystrophy MIM#310200 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13953 | DMD | Ain Roesley Mode of inheritance for gene: DMD was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13952 | DMD | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: DMD: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 20301298; Phenotypes: Becker muscular dystrophy MIM@300376 XLR, Cardiomyopathy, dilated, 3B MIM#302045 XL, Duchenne muscular dystrophy MIM#310200; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males); Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13951 | DLAT | Ain Roesley Marked gene: DLAT as ready | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13951 | DLAT | Ain Roesley Gene: dlat has been classified as Green List (High Evidence). | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13951 | DLAT | Ain Roesley Publications for gene: DLAT were set to | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13950 | DLAT | Ain Roesley Phenotypes for gene: DLAT were changed from to Pyruvate dehydrogenase E2 deficiency MIM#245348 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13950 | DLAT | Ain Roesley Mode of inheritance for gene: DLAT was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13949 | DLAT | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: DLAT: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 34138529; Phenotypes: Pyruvate dehydrogenase E2 deficiency MIM#245348; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13923 | CYP2R1 | Ain Roesley Phenotypes for gene: CYP2R1 were changed from to Rickets due to defect in vitamin D 25-hydroxylation deficiency MIM#600081 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13922 | CYP2R1 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: CYP2R1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 15128933, 28548312; Phenotypes: Rickets due to defect in vitamin D 25-hydroxylation deficiency MIM#600081; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13913 | DES | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: DES were changed from to Cardiomyopathy, dilated, 1I, MIM# 604765; Myopathy, myofibrillar, 1 , MIM#601419; Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13911 | DES | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: DES: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 20718792, 19879535, 20423733, 24200904, 22395865, 29212896, 23168288, 20829228, 10430757, 11728149, 17325244, 23300193, 31514951, 26724190, 23349452, 25557463, 33947203; Phenotypes: Cardiomyopathy, dilated, 1I, MIM# 604765, Myopathy, myofibrillar, 1 , MIM#601419, Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy; Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13864 | ACTL6B | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: ACTL6B: Changed phenotypes: Epileptic encephalopathy, early infantile, 76, MIM# 618468, Intellectual developmental disorder with severe speech and ambulation defects, MIM# 618470; Changed mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13843 | DARS2 | Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Slowly progressive disorder with variable age of onset, multiple families reported.; to: Leukoencephalopathy with brainstem and spinal cord involvement and lactate elevation (LBSL) is defined on the basis of a highly characteristic constellation of abnormalities observed by magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy (Scheper et al., 2007). Affected individuals develop slowly progressive cerebellar ataxia, spasticity, and dorsal column dysfunction, sometimes with a mild cognitive deficit or decline. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13828 | CTR9 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: CTR9 were changed from Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO:0700092), CTR9 related; Intellectual disability (MONDO:0001071); hypotonia (HP:0001252); joint hyperlaxity (HP:0001388); speech delay; coordination problems; tremor (HP:0001337); autism spectrum disorder (MONDO:0005258) to Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO:0700092), CTR9 related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13826 | DNAH14 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: DNAH14 were changed from Neurodevelopmental disorder, DNAH14-related (MONDO#0700092) to Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO#0700092), DNAH14-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13798 | KLF4 |
Elena Savva gene: KLF4 was added gene: KLF4 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: KLF4 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Publications for gene: KLF4 were set to PMID: 35168889; 10431239 Phenotypes for gene: KLF4 were set to Hereditary palmoplantar keratoderma MONDO:0019272, KFL4-related Review for gene: KLF4 was set to GREEN Added comment: PMID: 35168889 - 3 patients from 2 unrelated families with palmoplantar keratoderma. Two variants found, fs and a missense. Functional studies on patient skin biopsy shows "slightly but significantly decreased" protein expression in both children. Gene was shown to bind the DSG1 promoter and regulate expression. Transfected cells showed reduced DSG1 expression. PMID: 10431239 - mouse K/O died shortly after birth due to loss of skin barrier function gnomAD: single het fs in the population Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.13796 | CDH4 |
Ain Roesley gene: CDH4 was added gene: CDH4 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: CDH4 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: CDH4 were set to 35034853 Phenotypes for gene: CDH4 were set to coloboma MONDO#0001476, CDH4-related Review for gene: CDH4 was set to RED gene: CDH4 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: 1x family with AD coloboma Also presented with ID and post natal microcephaly zebrafish KO model Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.13795 | PDGFRA | Ain Roesley Phenotypes for gene: PDGFRA were changed from Gastrointestinal stromal tumor/GIST-plus syndrome, somatic or familial - MIM#175510 to Gastrointestinal stromal tumor/GIST-plus syndrome, somatic or familial - MIM#175510; coloboma MONDO#0001476, PDGFRA-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13793 | PDGFRA | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: PDGFRA: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 35034853; Phenotypes: coloboma MONDO#0001476, PDGFRA-related; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13791 | CTR9 |
Dean Phelan gene: CTR9 was added gene: CTR9 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: CTR9 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: CTR9 were set to PMID: 35499524 Phenotypes for gene: CTR9 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO:0700092), CTR9 related; Intellectual disability (MONDO:0001071); hypotonia (HP:0001252); joint hyperlaxity (HP:0001388); speech delay; coordination problems; tremor (HP:0001337); autism spectrum disorder (MONDO:0005258) Review for gene: CTR9 was set to GREEN Added comment: PMID: 35499524 - Thirteen individuals with variables degrees of intellectual disability, hypotonia, joint hyperlaxity, speech delay, coordination problems, tremor, autism spectrum disorder. Mild dysmorphism and cardiac anomalies were less frequent. Eleven of the variants were shown to be de novo. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.13791 | BMPR1B | Ain Roesley Phenotypes for gene: BMPR1B were changed from Acromesomelic dysplasia, Demirhan type, MIM# 609441; Brachydactyly, type A1, D, MIM# 616849; Brachydactyly, type A2, MIM# 112600 to Acromesomelic dysplasia, Demirhan type, MIM# 609441; Brachydactyly, type A1, D, MIM# 616849; Brachydactyly, type A2, MIM# 112600; coloboma MONDO#0001476, BMPR1B-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13789 | BMPR1B | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: BMPR1B: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 35034853; Phenotypes: coloboma MONDO#0001476, BMPR1B-related; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13789 | DNAH14 |
Chern Lim gene: DNAH14 was added gene: DNAH14 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: DNAH14 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: DNAH14 were set to PMID: 35438214 Phenotypes for gene: DNAH14 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder, DNAH14-related (MONDO#0700092) Review for gene: DNAH14 was set to GREEN gene: DNAH14 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: PMID: 35438214: - Three previously unreported patients with compound heterozygous DNAH14 variants, including one nonsense, one frameshift, and four missense variants. A spectrum of neurological and developmental phenotypes was observed, including seizures, global developmental delay, microcephaly, and hypotonia. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.13789 | ANK3 | Ain Roesley Phenotypes for gene: ANK3 were changed from Mental retardation, autosomal recessive, 37 615493; Intellectual disability, autosomal dominant; coloboma MONDO#0001476, ANK3-related to Mental retardation, autosomal recessive, 37 615493; Intellectual disability, autosomal dominant; coloboma MONDO#0001476, ANK3-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13788 | ANK3 | Ain Roesley Phenotypes for gene: ANK3 were changed from Mental retardation, autosomal recessive, 37 615493; Intellectual disability, autosomal dominant to Mental retardation, autosomal recessive, 37 615493; Intellectual disability, autosomal dominant; coloboma MONDO#0001476, ANK3-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13787 | TULP3 |
Anna Ritchie gene: TULP3 was added gene: TULP3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: TULP3 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: TULP3 were set to PMID: 35397207 Phenotypes for gene: TULP3 were set to progressive degenerative liver fibrosis with variable fibrocystic kidney disease; hypertrophic cardiomyopathy MONDO:0005045 Review for gene: TULP3 was set to GREEN Added comment: 15 individuals from eight unrelated families with bi-allelic variants in TULP3 were detected. The affected individuals reported are mostly adults, in the 3rd through 7th decades of life, and presented with progressive degenerative liver fibrosis with variable fibrocystic kidney disease and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The human phenotype was ecapitulated in adult zebrafish and confirmed disruption of critical ciliary cargo composition in several primary cell lines derived from affected individuals Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.13787 | ANK3 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: ANK3: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 35034853; Phenotypes: coloboma MONDO#0001476, ANK3-related; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13785 | KCNH5 | Elena Savva Phenotypes for gene: KCNH5 were changed from Neurodevelopmental disorders to Neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO#0700092, KCNH5-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13784 | EFEMP1 | Alison Yeung reviewed gene: EFEMP1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 34923728; Phenotypes: Juvenile-onset open angle glaucoma, MONDO:0020367, EFEMP1-related; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13784 | PRDM13 | Dean Phelan reviewed gene: PRDM13: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID: 35390279; Phenotypes: Pontocerebellar hypoplasia (MONDO:0020135), PRDM13 related; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13784 | DROSHA |
Lucy Spencer gene: DROSHA was added gene: DROSHA was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: DROSHA was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Publications for gene: DROSHA were set to 35405010 Phenotypes for gene: DROSHA were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO#0700092), DROSHA-related Review for gene: DROSHA was set to AMBER Added comment: 2 individuals with profound intellectual disability, epilepsy, white matter atrophy, microcephaly, and dysmorphic features, who carry damaging de novo heterozygous variants in DROSHA. Both variants are missense, absent from gnomad. Both individuals noted to have Rett-like features. Functional studies in patient fibroblasts showed one of the missense altered the expression of mature miRNA. Fruit fly models with homozygous LOF variants die during larval stages. introduction of the missense seen in the patients was able to partially rescue this phenotype suggesting LOF is not the mechanism. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.13783 | STX1A | Ain Roesley Phenotypes for gene: STX1A were changed from to neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO#0700092, STX1A-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13783 | PPFIBP1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: PPFIBP1 were changed from Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092 to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, PPFIBP1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13782 | STX1A |
Ain Roesley changed review comment from: Preprint: 8 individuals - 2x hom (related) and 6x hets (all de novo except 1x unknown) 7 unrelated since the 2 siblings share similar features: 7/7 ID, 7/7 motor delay, 4/7 epilepsy, 5/7 neonatal hypotonia 2/7 regression, 2/7 ASD excluding 1 with features but did not meet criteria Sources: Literature; to: Preprint: https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.20.22274073v1 8 individuals - 2x hom (related) and 6x hets (all de novo except 1x unknown) 7 unrelated since the 2 siblings share similar features: 7/7 ID, 7/7 motor delay, 4/7 epilepsy, 5/7 neonatal hypotonia 2/7 regression, 2/7 ASD excluding 1 with features but did not meet criteria Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.13781 | STX1A | Ain Roesley edited their review of gene: STX1A: Changed phenotypes: neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO#0700092, STX1A-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13781 | PPFIBP1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: PPFIBP1 was added gene: PPFIBP1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: PPFIBP1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: PPFIBP1 were set to https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.04.22273309v1 Phenotypes for gene: PPFIBP1 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092 Review for gene: PPFIBP1 was set to GREEN Added comment: 16 individuals from 10 unrelated families reported with moderate to profound developmental delay, often refractory early-onset epilepsy and progressive microcephaly. Drosophila model. Sources: Expert Review |
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| Mendeliome v0.13778 | STX1A |
Ain Roesley gene: STX1A was added gene: STX1A was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: STX1A was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Review for gene: STX1A was set to GREEN gene: STX1A was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: Preprint: 8 individuals - 2x hom (related) and 6x hets (all de novo except 1x unknown) 7 unrelated since the 2 siblings share similar features: 7/7 ID, 7/7 motor delay, 4/7 epilepsy, 5/7 neonatal hypotonia 2/7 regression, 2/7 ASD excluding 1 with features but did not meet criteria Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.13750 | CTNS | Ain Roesley Phenotypes for gene: CTNS were changed from to Cystinosis, atypical nephropathic MIM#219800; Cystinosis, late-onset juvenile or adolescent nephropathic MIM#219900; Cystinosis, nephropathic MIM#219800; Cystinosis, ocular nonnephropathic MIM#219750 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13747 | CTNS | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: CTNS: Rating: ; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 20301574, 9537412, 31068690; Phenotypes: Cystinosis, atypical nephropathic MIM#219800, Cystinosis, late-onset juvenile or adolescent nephropathic MIM#219900, Cystinosis, nephropathic MIM#219800, Cystinosis, ocular nonnephropathic MIM#219750; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13747 | CTNNA1 | Ain Roesley Phenotypes for gene: CTNNA1 were changed from to Macular dystrophy, butterfly-shaped pigmentary, 2, MIM# 608970; Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy MONDO#0019516, CTNNA1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13745 | CTNNA1 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: CTNNA1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 26691986, 33497368; Phenotypes: Macular dystrophy, butterfly-shaped pigmentary, 2, MIM# 608970, Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy MONDO#0019516, CTNNA1-related; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13743 | CSRP3 | Ain Roesley Phenotypes for gene: CSRP3 were changed from to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy12 MIM#612124; dilated cardiomyopathy 1M MIM#607482 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13741 | CSRP3 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: CSRP3: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 18505755, 30681346, 12507422, 14567970, 19412328; Phenotypes: hypertrophic cardiomyopathy12 MIM#612124, dilated cardiomyopathy 1M MIM#607482; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13737 | CRYAB | Ain Roesley Phenotypes for gene: CRYAB were changed from to Cataract 16, multiple types MIM#613763 AD, AR; Myopathy, myofibrillar, 2 MIM#608810 AD; Myopathy, myofibrillar, fatal infantile hypertonic, alpha-B crystallin-related MIM#613869 AR | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13735 | CRYAB | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: CRYAB: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 31215171, 21337604, 21130652, 32420686, 33272090; Phenotypes: Cataract 16, multiple types MIM#613763 AD, AR, Myopathy, myofibrillar, 2 MIM#608810 AD, Myopathy, myofibrillar, fatal infantile hypertonic, alpha-B crystallin-related MIM#613869 AR; Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13699 | HNRNPA1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: HNRNPA1 were changed from to Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 20 MIM#615426 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13696 | HNRNPA1 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: HNRNPA1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 23455423, 34291734; Phenotypes: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 20 MIM#615426; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13683 | DUSP6 |
Krithika Murali changed review comment from: PMID: 23643382 Miraoui et al 2013 - - candidate gene study for genes in the FGFR1 pathway that may be associated with CHH, either as causative genes or disease modifiers. A cohort of 386 CHH individuals and 155 unaffected controls of European descent. A number of affected individuals included in this cohort already had known causative variants in CHH-associated genes. The coding exons and proximal introns (≥15 bp from splice sites) of FGF17, FGF18, IL17RD, DUSP6, SPRY2, SPRY4, and FLRT3 were amplified by PCR and determined by direct sequencing. Summary of DUSP6 variants identified in this study c.229 T>A p.(Phe77Ile) - absent gnomAD v2 and v3 c.545C>T p.(Ser182Phe) - 203 hets gnomad v2, 137 hets and 1 hom - v3 - identified in conjunction with FGFR1 variant in this individual c.566A>G p.Asn189Ser - v2 57 hets, v3 29 hets (another individual identified with this variant and an SPRY4 variant) c.1037C>T p.Thr346Met - 81 hets v2, 27 hets and 1 hom v3 (identified in conjunction with SPRY4 variant No segregation information provided. PMID: 23643382 - Dusp6 null mouse model reportedly has craniofacial defects and hearing defects, but no mention of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. In 5 unrelated individuals with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 4 heterozygous missense were identified. In 3 of the probands, the DUSP6 mutation was accompanied by a heterozygous missense mutation in another HH-associated gene. 3 of the 4 variants have subpopulation allele frequencies in gnomAD v2.1 that are higher than expected for a dominant condition: p.Thr346Met (AJ AF 0.002797), p.Ser182Phe (NFE AF 0.001396), p.Asn189Ser (NFE AF 0.0003641). No functional assays were conducted. PMID: 32389901 - 6 unrelated male Chinese Kallman syndrome cases with 4 DUSP6 missense variants. 2 of 4 variants have East Asian allele frequencies in gnomAD v2.1 that are higher than expected for a dominant condition: p.Pro188Leu (EAS AF 0.001203), p.Arg83Gln (EAS AF 0.001129). No functional assays conducted.; to: PMID: 23643382 Miraoui et al 2013 - - candidate gene study for genes in the FGFR1 pathway that may be associated with CHH, either as causative genes or disease modifiers. A cohort of 386 CHH individuals and 155 unaffected controls of European descent. A number of affected individuals included in this cohort already had known causative variants in CHH-associated genes. The coding exons and proximal introns (≥15 bp from splice sites) of FGF17, FGF18, IL17RD, DUSP6, SPRY2, SPRY4, and FLRT3 were amplified by PCR and determined by direct sequencing. Summary of DUSP6 variants identified in this study c.229 T>A p.(Phe77Ile) - absent gnomAD v2 and v3 c.545C>T p.(Ser182Phe) - 203 hets gnomad v2, 137 hets and 1 hom - v3 - identified in conjunction with FGFR1 variant in this individual c.566A>G p.Asn189Ser - v2 57 hets, v3 29 hets (another individual identified with this variant and an SPRY4 variant) c.1037C>T p.Thr346Met - 81 hets v2, 27 hets and 1 hom v3 (identified in conjunction with SPRY4 variant No segregation information provided. Dusp6 null mouse model reportedly has craniofacial defects and hearing defects, but no mention of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. PMID: 32389901 - 6 unrelated male Chinese Kallman syndrome cases with 4 DUSP6 missense variants. 2 of 4 variants have East Asian allele frequencies in gnomAD v2.1 that are higher than expected for a dominant condition: p.Pro188Leu (EAS AF 0.001203), p.Arg83Gln (EAS AF 0.001129). No functional assays conducted. |
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| Mendeliome v0.13683 | DUSP6 |
Krithika Murali changed review comment from: 1 study cited by OMIM (Miraoui et al 2013) - heterozygous variants in 5 unrelated individuals with congenital hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism (CHH). 4/5 variants highly prevalent in healthy population and/or in conjunction with variants in other genes either known to be associated with CHH or possibly associated. No additional studies published since this paper. PMID: 23643382 Miraoui et al 2013 - - candidate gene study for genes in the FGFR1 pathway that may be associated with CHH, either as causative genes or disease modifiers. A cohort of 386 CHH individuals and 155 unaffected controls of European descent. A number of affected individuals included in this cohort already had known causative variants in CHH-associated genes. The coding exons and proximal introns (≥15 bp from splice sites) of FGF17, FGF18, IL17RD, DUSP6, SPRY2, SPRY4, and FLRT3 were amplified by PCR and determined by direct sequencing. Summary of DUSP6 variants identified in this study c.229 T>A p.(Phe77Ile) - absent gnomAD v2 and v3 c.545C>T p.(Ser182Phe) - 203 hets gnomad v2, 137 hets and 1 hom - v3 - identified in conjunction with FGFR1 variant in this individual c.566A>G p.Asn189Ser - v2 57 hets, v3 29 hets (another individual identified with this variant and an SPRY4 variant) c.1037C>T p.Thr346Met - 81 hets v2, 27 hets and 1 hom v3 (identified in conjunction with SPRY4 variant No segregation information provided.; to: PMID: 23643382 Miraoui et al 2013 - - candidate gene study for genes in the FGFR1 pathway that may be associated with CHH, either as causative genes or disease modifiers. A cohort of 386 CHH individuals and 155 unaffected controls of European descent. A number of affected individuals included in this cohort already had known causative variants in CHH-associated genes. The coding exons and proximal introns (≥15 bp from splice sites) of FGF17, FGF18, IL17RD, DUSP6, SPRY2, SPRY4, and FLRT3 were amplified by PCR and determined by direct sequencing. Summary of DUSP6 variants identified in this study c.229 T>A p.(Phe77Ile) - absent gnomAD v2 and v3 c.545C>T p.(Ser182Phe) - 203 hets gnomad v2, 137 hets and 1 hom - v3 - identified in conjunction with FGFR1 variant in this individual c.566A>G p.Asn189Ser - v2 57 hets, v3 29 hets (another individual identified with this variant and an SPRY4 variant) c.1037C>T p.Thr346Met - 81 hets v2, 27 hets and 1 hom v3 (identified in conjunction with SPRY4 variant No segregation information provided. PMID: 23643382 - Dusp6 null mouse model reportedly has craniofacial defects and hearing defects, but no mention of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. In 5 unrelated individuals with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 4 heterozygous missense were identified. In 3 of the probands, the DUSP6 mutation was accompanied by a heterozygous missense mutation in another HH-associated gene. 3 of the 4 variants have subpopulation allele frequencies in gnomAD v2.1 that are higher than expected for a dominant condition: p.Thr346Met (AJ AF 0.002797), p.Ser182Phe (NFE AF 0.001396), p.Asn189Ser (NFE AF 0.0003641). No functional assays were conducted. PMID: 32389901 - 6 unrelated male Chinese Kallman syndrome cases with 4 DUSP6 missense variants. 2 of 4 variants have East Asian allele frequencies in gnomAD v2.1 that are higher than expected for a dominant condition: p.Pro188Leu (EAS AF 0.001203), p.Arg83Gln (EAS AF 0.001129). No functional assays conducted. |
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| Mendeliome v0.13673 | COL6A2 |
Ain Roesley changed review comment from: GeneReviews PMID:20301676 AD variants typically occur near the N terminal of the triple helical (TH) domain, which contains a critical region of 10 to 15 Gly-X-Y triplets; in-frame exon-skipping variants and glycine substitutions in this region tend to result in more severe phenotypes AR variants are usually nonsense or fs, or biallelic variants located near the C-terminal end of the TH domain, where they will be excluded from assembly COL621 accounts for 44-46% of Collagen VI-Related Dystrophies cases; to: GeneReviews PMID:20301676 AD variants typically occur near the N terminal of the triple helical (TH) domain, which contains a critical region of 10 to 15 Gly-X-Y triplets; in-frame exon-skipping variants and glycine substitutions in this region tend to result in more severe phenotypes AR variants are usually nonsense or fs, or biallelic variants located near the C-terminal end of the TH domain, where they will be excluded from assembly COL6A2 accounts for 44-46% of Collagen VI-Related Dystrophies cases |
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| Mendeliome v0.13671 | COL6A1 |
Ain Roesley changed review comment from: Well established association Genereviews PMID:20301676 AD variants typically occur near the N terminal of the triple helical (TH) domain, which contains a critical region of 10 to 15 Gly-X-Y triplets; in-frame exon-skipping variants and glycine substitutions in this region tend to result in more severe phenotypes AR variants are usually nonsense or fs, or biallelic variants located near the C-terminal end of the TH domain, where they will be excluded from assembly; to: Well established association Genereviews PMID:20301676 AD variants typically occur near the N terminal of the triple helical (TH) domain, which contains a critical region of 10 to 15 Gly-X-Y triplets; in-frame exon-skipping variants and glycine substitutions in this region tend to result in more severe phenotypes AR variants are usually nonsense or fs, or biallelic variants located near the C-terminal end of the TH domain, where they will be excluded from assembly COL6A1 accounts for 35-38% of Collagen VI-Related Dystrophies cases |
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| Mendeliome v0.13665 | COL4A2 | Ain Roesley Phenotypes for gene: COL4A2 were changed from to Cerebral Palsy MONDO#0006497, COL4A2-related; Brain small vessel disease 2 MIM# 614483 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13664 | COL4A2 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: COL4A2: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 33528536, 33912663, 22209246, 30315939, 22333902; Phenotypes: Cerebral Palsy MONDO#0006497, COL4A2-related, Brain small vessel disease 2 MIM# 614483; Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13645 | COG7 | Ain Roesley Phenotypes for gene: COG7 were changed from to Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type IIe , MIM#608779 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13643 | COG7 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: COG7: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 15107842, 17356545, 28883096; Phenotypes: Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type IIe , MIM#608779; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13643 | COASY | Ain Roesley Phenotypes for gene: COASY were changed from to Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation 6 MIM#615643; Pontocerebellar hypoplasia, type 12 MIM#v618266 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13642 | COASY | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: COASY: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 30089828, 28489334, 24360804, 35499143; Phenotypes: Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation 6 MIM#615643, Pontocerebellar hypoplasia, type 12 MIM#v618266; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13637 | HK1 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: HMSNR is an autosomal recessive progressive complex peripheral neuropathy characterized by onset in the first decade of distal lower limb weakness and muscle atrophy resulting in walking difficulties. Distal impairment of the upper limbs usually occurs later, as does proximal lower limb weakness. There is distal sensory impairment, with pes cavus and areflexia. Laboratory studies suggest that it is a myelinopathy resulting in reduced nerve conduction velocities in the demyelinating range as well as a length-dependent axonopathy. Founder variant in the Roma, -3818-195G-C, AltT2 EXON in 5'UTR identified in multiple families. Note gene is associated with other phenotypes.; to: Bi-allelic variants and neuropathy: HMSNR is an autosomal recessive progressive complex peripheral neuropathy characterized by onset in the first decade of distal lower limb weakness and muscle atrophy resulting in walking difficulties. Distal impairment of the upper limbs usually occurs later, as does proximal lower limb weakness. There is distal sensory impairment, with pes cavus and areflexia. Laboratory studies suggest that it is a myelinopathy resulting in reduced nerve conduction velocities in the demyelinating range as well as a length-dependent axonopathy. Founder variant in the Roma, -3818-195G-C, AltT2 EXON in 5'UTR identified in multiple families. Note gene is associated with other phenotypes. |
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| Mendeliome v0.13637 | HK1 |
Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: HK1: Added comment: Mono-allelic variants and ID: PMID30778173, 7 patients from 6 unrelated families with denovo missense variants in the N-terminal half of HK1 Mono-allelic variants and RP: Seven families reported with the same heterozygous missense variant, p.Glu847Lys and RP from different ethnicities. Some supportive evidence. Variant is present in 3 hets in gnomad. Bi-allelic variants and haemolytic anaemia: more than 10 families reported.; Changed publications: 19536174, 30778173, 25316723, 25190649, 31621442, 32814480, 7655856, 12393545, 33361148, 31119733, 27282571; Changed phenotypes: Neuropathy, hereditary motor and sensory, Russe type , MIM#605285, Haemolytic anaemia due to hexokinase deficiency, MIM# 235700, Neurodevelopmental disorder with visual defects and brain anomalies, MIM# 618547, Retinitis pigmentosa 79, MIM# 617460; Changed mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal |
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| Mendeliome v0.13619 | LIPT2 | Zornitza Stark commented on gene: LIPT2: Three individuals from two unrelated families, functional data. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13600 | CHD8 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: CHD8 were changed from {Autism, susceptibility to, 18} 615032; CHD8-related neurodevelopmental syndrome to {Autism, susceptibility to, 18} 615032; Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, CHD8-associated | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13585 | LIPC |
Alison Yeung Added comment: Comment on mode of inheritance: PMID: 1671786, 12777476, 1883393, 22798447 - 7 cases from 3 unrelated families with hepatic lipase deficiency and biallelic variants. PMID: 26423094 - null mouse had dyslipidemia on a high cholesterol and fat diet PMID: 23219720, 22464213 - 2 cases with hyperalphalipoproteinemia and heterozygous variants, with supporting in vitro funcitonal assays |
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| Mendeliome v0.13569 | HCCS | Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: HCCS was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13568 | HCCS | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: HCCS: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 17033964, 30068298, 24735900; Phenotypes: Linear skin defects with multiple congenital anomalies 1, MIM# 309801; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13539 | BTK | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: BTK were changed from to Agammaglobulinaemia, X-linked 1, MIM# 300755; Isolated growth hormone deficiency, type III, with agammaglobulinaemia, MIM# 307200 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13536 | BTK | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: BTK: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 8013627, 7849697; Phenotypes: Agammaglobulinaemia, X-linked 1, MIM# 300755, Isolated growth hormone deficiency, type III, with agammaglobulinaemia, MIM# 307200; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13487 | BAG3 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: BAG3 were changed from to Cardiomyopathy, dilated, 1HH, MIM# 613881; Myopathy, myofibrillar, 6, MIM# 612954 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13484 | BAG3 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: BAG3: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 21353195, 25008357, 25448463, 24623017, 27391596, 28211974, 30442290, 31983221, 28737513, 29323723, 33947203, 25208129, 32453099, 22734908; Phenotypes: Cardiomyopathy, dilated, 1HH, MIM# 613881, Myopathy, myofibrillar, 6, MIM# 612954; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13481 | B4GALT1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: B4GALT1 were changed from to Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Iid, MIM#607091 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13478 | B4GALT1 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Intellectual disability is part of CDG, although non-neurological forms of this CDG have been described. Sources: Expert list; to: At least 3 unrelated families. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.13464 | PHOX2B | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: PHOX2B were changed from to Central hypoventilation syndrome, congenital, 1, with or without Hirschsprung disease - MIM#209880; Neuroblastoma with Hirschsprung disease - MIM#613013 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13438 | APOA5 | Elena Savva Phenotypes for gene: APOA5 were changed from to Hyperchylomicronemia, late-onset MIM#144650; {Hypertriglyceridemia, susceptibility to} MIM#145750 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13437 | APOA5 | Elena Savva reviewed gene: APOA5: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID: 19447388, 16200213, 11588264; Phenotypes: Hyperchylomicronemia, late-onset MIM#144650, {Hypertriglyceridemia, susceptibility to} MIM#145750; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13429 | PHOX2B | Krithika Murali reviewed gene: PHOX2B: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 31444792; Phenotypes: Central hypoventilation syndrome, congenital, 1, with or without Hirschsprung disease - MIM#209880, Neuroblastoma with Hirschsprung disease - MIM#613013; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13426 | TUBA8 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: TUBA8 were changed from Cortical dysplasia, complex, with other brain malformations 8, MIM# 613180 to Macrothrombocytopaenia, isolated, 2, autosomal dominant, MIM# 619840 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13422 | TUBA8 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: TUBA8: Added comment: Mono-allelic variants and macrothrombocytopaenia: 6 unrelated individuals with missense variants found in a large cohort of blood donors, some functional data. Individuals were generally asymptomatic.; Changed rating: AMBER; Changed publications: 34704371; Changed phenotypes: Macrothrombocytopaenia, isolated, 2, autosomal dominant, MIM# 619840; Changed mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13422 | NRCAM | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: NRCAM were changed from neurodevelopmental disorder, NRCAM-related, MONDO:0700092 to Neurodevelopmental disorder with neuromuscular and skeletal abnormalities, MIM# 619833 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13387 | PIEZO2 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Bi-allelic variants: more than 5 unrelated families reported. Mono-allelic variants: DA5, more than 20 families reported. DA3, more than 10 families reported, R2686H is recurrent.; to: Bi-allelic variants: more than 5 unrelated families reported. Mono-allelic variants: DA5, more than 20 families reported. DA3, more than 10 families reported, R2686H is recurrent. Marden-Walker: 2 families reported. |
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| Mendeliome v0.13387 | PIEZO2 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Bi-allelic variants: more than 5 unrelated families reported. Mono-allelic variants: DA5, more than 20 families reported.; to: Bi-allelic variants: more than 5 unrelated families reported. Mono-allelic variants: DA5, more than 20 families reported. DA3, more than 10 families reported, R2686H is recurrent. |
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| Mendeliome v0.13387 | PIEZO2 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Bi-allelic variants: more than 5 unrelated families reported. Mono-allelic variants: DA3, more than 20 families reported.; to: Bi-allelic variants: more than 5 unrelated families reported. Mono-allelic variants: DA5, more than 20 families reported. |
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| Mendeliome v0.13387 | PIEZO2 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Bi-allelic variants: more than 5 unrelated families reported.; to: Bi-allelic variants: more than 5 unrelated families reported. Mono-allelic variants: DA3, more than 20 families reported. |
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| Mendeliome v0.13387 | BSCL2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: BSCL2 were changed from to Neuropathy, distal hereditary motor, type VC, MIM# 619112; Encephalopathy, progressive, with or without lipodystrophy, MIM#615924; Lipodystrophy, congenital generalized, type 2, MIM# 269700; Silver spastic paraplegia syndrome, MIM# 270685; Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, BSCL2-related, dominant, MONDO:0100062 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13384 | BSCL2 |
Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: BSCL2: Added comment: Multiple families reported with bi-allelic variants and isolated or syndromic lipodystrophy. Mono-allelic variants and DEE: Two families reported with de novo variants in PMIDs 31369919 and 35290466. We are aware of further three individuals identified as a result of clinical testing, so a total of 4 with a change at position p.Pro149; Changed publications: 14981520, 15732094, 11479539, 15181077, 15126564, 23564749, 31369919, 35290466 |
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| Mendeliome v0.13384 | BSCL2 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: BSCL2: Changed phenotypes: Neuropathy, distal hereditary motor, type VC, MIM# 619112, Encephalopathy, progressive, with or without lipodystrophy, MIM#615924, Lipodystrophy, congenital generalized, type 2, MIM# 269700, Silver spastic paraplegia syndrome, MIM# 270685, Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, BSCL2-related, dominant, MONDO:0100062; Changed mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13346 | PDYN | Zornitza Stark Added comment: Comment when marking as ready: The presence of some of these variants in the population is concerning. However, functional data also supports gene-disease association. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13327 | FLII | Bryony Thompson Phenotypes for gene: FLII were changed from Dilated cardiomyopathy to Dilated cardiomyopathy MONDO:0005021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13324 | CLDN16 | Ain Roesley Phenotypes for gene: CLDN16 were changed from to Hypomagnesemia 3, renal MIM#248250; amelogenesis imperfecta MONDO#0019507, CLDN16-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13323 | CLDN16 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: CLDN16: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 26426912, 16501001, 10878661, 32869508; Phenotypes: Hypomagnesemia 3, renal MIM#248250, amelogenesis imperfecta MONDO#0019507, CLDN16-related; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13306 | CHRM2 | Ain Roesley Phenotypes for gene: CHRM2 were changed from to Familial Dilated Cardiomyopathy MONDO#0016333, CHRM2-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13304 | CHRM2 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: CHRM2: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 23743182, 18451336; Phenotypes: Familial Dilated Cardiomyopathy MONDO#0016333, CHRM2-related; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13299 | CHM | Ain Roesley Mode of inheritance for gene: CHM was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13298 | CHM | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: CHM: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 20301511; Phenotypes: Choroideremia MIM#303100; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males); Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13297 | PDGFRA |
Krithika Murali changed review comment from: ?Suitability for Incidentalome versus Mendeliome based on adult age of diagnosis in reported cases. --- Six unrelated families reported with heterozygous germline variants associated with familial GIST and/or inflammatory fibroid polyps - IFP (benign lesions caused by excessive tissue proliferation and inflammatory cell infiltration into the lumen of the GI tract). Note that reported individuals diagnosed as adults. One individual reported with diagnosis of gastric mass/polyps age 22 (in 1977) raising the possibility of pre-symptomatic disease onset in adolescence. Green PanelApp England in the following panels: tumour predisposition - childhood onset; inherited predisposition to GIST; sarcoma cancer susceptibility. --- PMID 34107389 Hodan et al 2021 - report a 35 yo F with jejunal IFP and a heterozygous germline missense PDGFRA variant (c.1664A>G p.Y555C) . The variant segregated with 3 relatives with confirmed IFPs. Two obligate carriers were reported to have had a similar phenotype while at least one obligate male carrier had no reported history of IFPs. This variant was also reported in an unrelated family with multiple IFPs in 2006. PMID 29486293 Manley et al 2018 - proband is a 50 yo M with multiple ileal intusussceptions and IFPs and GIST. Heterozygous D846V germline variant identified. Variant identified in daughter and 2 siblings. Coarser face, coarser skin, broader hands and feet, unexplained premature loss of teeth requiring dentures in their 40s described in relatives with the variant, no polyps or tumour identified in screened family members. Pdgfra +/K mutant mice recapitulated the human phenotype. Mice with the constitutively activated mutant PDGFRA shown to have diffuse expansion of the gastrointestinal submucosa, which exhibits an increased number of spindled fibroblast-like cells and marked collagen deposition. Mutant mice also develop intestinal polyps morphologically similar to IFPs. The Pdgfra +/K mice also exhibit thickened skin due to excess collagen deposition within the dermis and subcutaneous tissues. PMID 25975287 Ricci et al 2015 - report a family with het germline P653L PDGFRA missense variant. The proband was a 67 yo M with multiple intra-abdominal GIST and gastric/colonic inflammatory fibroid polyps. Multiple adult relatives (youngest age 31) were diagnosed with IFPs/fibrous tumours with the variant segregating with disease. PMID: 18670346 Carney et al 2008 and PMID: 17566086 Pasini et al 2007 - heterozygous germline PDGFRA mutation (V561D) in an individual with GIST and multiple polyps, diagnosed initially aged 22 with multiple GIST/polyps. No other relatives available for genotyping and no other significant family history reported. PMID: 17087943 de Raedt et al 2006 - heterozygous PDGFRA(Y555C) variant reported in a family with multiple relatives affected by IFP, including one death from secondary bowel obstruction age 35. PMID: 14699510 Chompret et al 2004 - Heterozygous c.2675G>T D846Y germline variant detected in a French family with 5 relatives developing adult-onset GIST, variant segregated with disease. -- Gain of function somatic variants associated with sporadic GIST. Somatic chromosomal rearrangements resulting in PDGFRA and FIP1L1 gene fusion associated with idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome.; to: Six unrelated families reported with heterozygous germline variants associated with familial GIST and/or inflammatory fibroid polyps - IFP (benign lesions caused by excessive tissue proliferation and inflammatory cell infiltration into the lumen of the GI tract). Note that reported individuals diagnosed as adults. One individual reported with diagnosis of gastric mass/polyps age 22 (in 1977) raising the possibility of pre-symptomatic disease onset in adolescence. Green PanelApp England in the following panels: tumour predisposition - childhood onset; inherited predisposition to GIST; sarcoma cancer susceptibility. --- PMID 34107389 Hodan et al 2021 - report a 35 yo F with jejunal IFP and a heterozygous germline missense PDGFRA variant (c.1664A>G p.Y555C) . The variant segregated with 3 relatives with confirmed IFPs. Two obligate carriers were reported to have had a similar phenotype while at least one obligate male carrier had no reported history of IFPs. This variant was also reported in an unrelated family with multiple IFPs in 2006. PMID 29486293 Manley et al 2018 - proband is a 50 yo M with multiple ileal intusussceptions and IFPs and GIST. Heterozygous D846V germline variant identified. Variant identified in daughter and 2 siblings. Coarser face, coarser skin, broader hands and feet, unexplained premature loss of teeth requiring dentures in their 40s described in relatives with the variant, no polyps or tumour identified in screened family members. Pdgfra +/K mutant mice recapitulated the human phenotype. Mice with the constitutively activated mutant PDGFRA shown to have diffuse expansion of the gastrointestinal submucosa, which exhibits an increased number of spindled fibroblast-like cells and marked collagen deposition. Mutant mice also develop intestinal polyps morphologically similar to IFPs. The Pdgfra +/K mice also exhibit thickened skin due to excess collagen deposition within the dermis and subcutaneous tissues. PMID 25975287 Ricci et al 2015 - report a family with het germline P653L PDGFRA missense variant. The proband was a 67 yo M with multiple intra-abdominal GIST and gastric/colonic inflammatory fibroid polyps. Multiple adult relatives (youngest age 31) were diagnosed with IFPs/fibrous tumours with the variant segregating with disease. PMID: 18670346 Carney et al 2008 and PMID: 17566086 Pasini et al 2007 - heterozygous germline PDGFRA mutation (V561D) in an individual with GIST and multiple polyps, diagnosed initially aged 22 with multiple GIST/polyps. No other relatives available for genotyping and no other significant family history reported. PMID: 17087943 de Raedt et al 2006 - heterozygous PDGFRA(Y555C) variant reported in a family with multiple relatives affected by IFP, including one death from secondary bowel obstruction age 35. PMID: 14699510 Chompret et al 2004 - Heterozygous c.2675G>T D846Y germline variant detected in a French family with 5 relatives developing adult-onset GIST, variant segregated with disease. -- Gain of function somatic variants associated with sporadic GIST. Somatic chromosomal rearrangements resulting in PDGFRA and FIP1L1 gene fusion associated with idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome. |
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| Mendeliome v0.13289 | HSPG2 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Allelic disorders with some phenotypic overlap. Schwartz-Jampel syndrome (SJS) is a rare autosomal recessive condition defined by the association of myotonia with chondrodysplasia; blepharophimosis is a key feature. More than 20 families reported. Silverman-Handmaker dyssegmental dysplasia (DDSH) is a lethal autosomal recessive skeletal dysplasia with anisospondyly and micromelia. Individuals with DDSH also have a flat face, micrognathia, cleft palate and reduced joint mobility, and frequently have an encephalocele. The endochondral growth plate is short, the calcospherites (spherical calcium-phosphorus crystals produced by hypertrophic chondrocytes) are unfused, and there is mucoid degeneration of the resting cartilage. Two families reported.; to: Allelic disorders with some phenotypic overlap. Schwartz-Jampel syndrome (SJS) is a rare autosomal recessive condition defined by the association of myotonia with chondrodysplasia; blepharophimosis is a key feature. More than 20 families reported. Silverman-Handmaker dyssegmental dysplasia (DDSH) is a lethal autosomal recessive skeletal dysplasia with anisospondyly and micromelia. Individuals with DDSH also have a flat face, micrognathia, cleft palate and reduced joint mobility, and frequently have an encephalocele. The endochondral growth plate is short, the calcospherites (spherical calcium-phosphorus crystals produced by hypertrophic chondrocytes) are unfused, and there is mucoid degeneration of the resting cartilage. Two families reported. Appears associated with null variants. |
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| Mendeliome v0.13273 | PLCG2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: PLCG2 were changed from to Common variable immunodeficiency; Autoinflammation, antibody deficiency, and immune dysregulation syndrome MIM#614878 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13263 | RSPH4A |
Belinda Chong changed review comment from: Radial spokes are regularly spaced along cilia, sperm, and flagella axonemes and have a multisubunit 'stalk' and 'head' that form a signal transduction scaffold between the central microtubule pair and dynein arms. RSPH4A is predicted to be a component of the radial spoke head based on homology with proteins in the biflagellate alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and other ciliates (Castleman et al., 2009; PMID19200523) 9 families with primary ciliary dyskinesia without situs inversus (Kott et al. 2013 (PMID:23993197), Castleman et al., 2009 (PMID19200523) and Daniels et al. 2013; (PMID:23798057)): - In affected members of 4 Pakistani families with CILD11, Castleman et al. (2009) identified a homozygous mutation in the RSPH4A gene. - In affected members of a family of northern European descent with CILD11, Castleman et al. (2009) identified compound heterozygosity for 2 mutations in the RSPH4A gene - Kott et al. (2013) identified pathogenic mutations in the RSPH4A gene in 7 (14%) of 48 families with a specific CILD. Common founder mutation: - Daniels et al. (2013) identified a common founder mutation in the RSPH4A gene in 9 patients with CILD11, all of whom had Puerto Rican ancestry. Multiple individuals in ClinVar with primary ciliary dyskinesia; to: Radial spokes are regularly spaced along cilia, sperm, and flagella axonemes and have a multisubunit 'stalk' and 'head' that form a signal transduction scaffold between the central microtubule pair and dynein arms. RSPH4A is predicted to be a component of the radial spoke head based on homology with proteins in the biflagellate alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and other ciliates (Castleman et al., 2009; PMID19200523) 9 families with primary ciliary dyskinesia without situs inversus (Kott et al. 2013 (PMID:23993197), Castleman et al., 2009 (PMID19200523) and Daniels et al. 2013; (PMID:23798057)): - In affected members of 4 Pakistani families with CILD11, Castleman et al. (2009) identified a homozygous mutation in the RSPH4A gene. - In affected members of a family of northern European descent with CILD11, Castleman et al. (2009) identified compound heterozygosity for 2 mutations in the RSPH4A gene - Kott et al. (2013) identified pathogenic mutations in the RSPH4A gene in 7 (14%) of 48 families with a specific CILD. Common founder mutation: - Daniels et al. (2013) identified a common founder mutation in the RSPH4A gene in 9 patients with CILD11, all of whom had Puerto Rican ancestry. Multiple individuals in ClinVar with primary ciliary dyskinesia PMID: 25789548; Frommer 2015: 8 PCD families reported, only 4 different variants identified. Functional studies performed. PMID: 22448264; Ziętkiewicz 2012: 4 additional families/variants reported. |
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| Mendeliome v0.13263 | PLN | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: PLN were changed from to Cardiomyopathy, dilated, 1P, MIM# 609909; Cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic, 18 (MIM #613874) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13260 | PLN | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: PLN: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 33947203; Phenotypes: Cardiomyopathy, dilated, 1P, MIM# 609909, Cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic, 18 (MIM #613874); Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13245 | PMPCB | Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Progressive disorder, includes ataxia. Four unrelated families reported.; to: Progressive disorder. Four unrelated families reported. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13242 | PODXL | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: PODXL were changed from to Nephrotic syndrome, MONDO:0005377, PODXL-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13239 | PODXL | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: PODXL: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 30523047, 29244787, 28117080, 24048372; Phenotypes: Nephrotic syndrome, MONDO:0005377, PODXL-related; Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13207 | FBRSL1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: FBRSL1 were changed from syndromic diseaseMONDO:0002254; Malformation and intellectual disability syndrome to syndromic disease MONDO:0002254, FBRSL1-related; Malformation and intellectual disability syndrome | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13206 | FAT1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: FAT1 were changed from syndromic disease MONDO:0002254; facial dysmorphism; colobomatous microphthalmia; ptosis; syndactyly with or without nephropathy to syndromic disease MONDO:0002254, FAT1-related; facial dysmorphism; colobomatous microphthalmia; ptosis; syndactyly with or without nephropathy | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13205 | FAT1 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: FAT1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Syndromic disease MONDO:0002254, FAT1-related; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13205 | FASTKD2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: FASTKD2 were changed from FASTKD2-related infantile mitochondrial encephalomyopathy MONDO:0015632 to Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 44, MIM# 618855; FASTKD2-related infantile mitochondrial encephalomyopathy MONDO:0015632 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13201 | PDHA1 | Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PDHA1 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13153 | CC2D2A |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Multiple families reported with a range of neurological ciliopathies; zebrafish and mouse models.; to: Multiple families reported with a range of neurological ciliopathies; zebrafish and mouse models. Note single family reported with isolated RP. |
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| Mendeliome v0.13127 | FBXW7 | Bryony Thompson Phenotypes for gene: FBXW7 were changed from FBXW7-related neurodevelopmental syndrome; Wilms tumour predisposition to neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO:0700092; FBXW7-related neurodevelopmental syndrome; Wilms tumor MONDO:0006058 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13121 | FBP1 | Bryony Thompson changed review comment from: Well-established gene-disease association. Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBP1) deficiency is metabolic disorder characterised by episodic acute crises of lactic acidosis and ketotic hypoglycaemia, manifesting as hyperventilation, apneic spells, seizures, and/or coma. Both SNVs and CNVs have been reported.; to: Well-established gene-disease association. Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBP1) deficiency is a metabolic disorder characterised by episodic acute crises of lactic acidosis and ketotic hypoglycaemia, manifesting as hyperventilation, apneic spells, seizures, and/or coma. Both SNVs and CNVs have been reported. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13119 | GLRA2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: GLRA2 was added gene: GLRA2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: GLRA2 was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) Publications for gene: GLRA2 were set to 26370147; 20479760; 35294868 Phenotypes for gene: GLRA2 were set to Intellectual developmental disorder, X-linked, syndromic, Pilorge type, MIM# 301076 Review for gene: GLRA2 was set to GREEN Added comment: More than 10 unrelated families reported. Both males and females affected, though some mothers are asymptomatic or mild. Zebrafish model. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.13117 | FASTKD2 | Bryony Thompson Phenotypes for gene: FASTKD2 were changed from to FASTKD2-related infantile mitochondrial encephalomyopathy MONDO:0015632 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13115 | FASTKD2 | Bryony Thompson reviewed gene: FASTKD2: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 18771761, 28499982, 31944455, 34234304; Phenotypes: FASTKD2-related infantile mitochondrial encephalomyopathy MONDO:0015632; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13112 | PDHA1 | Krithika Murali reviewed gene: PDHA1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 8504309; Phenotypes: Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1-alpha deficiency - MIM#312170; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13106 | FARS2 | Bryony Thompson Phenotypes for gene: FARS2 were changed from to combined oxidative phosphorylation defect type 14 MONDO:0013986; hereditary spastic paraplegia 77 MONDO:0014882 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13103 | FARS2 | Bryony Thompson reviewed gene: FARS2: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 30250868, 30177229, 29126765, 28043061; Phenotypes: combined oxidative phosphorylation defect type 14 MONDO:0013986, hereditary spastic paraplegia 77 MONDO:0014882; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13086 | FADD | Bryony Thompson Phenotypes for gene: FADD were changed from to FADD-related immunodeficiency MONDO:0013408 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13080 | FADD | Bryony Thompson reviewed gene: FADD: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 21109225, 25794656, 32350755, 32971525; Phenotypes: FADD-related immunodeficiency MONDO:0013408; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13047 | PRDM16 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: PRDM16 were changed from to Cardiomyopathy, dilated, 1LL MIM#615373; Left ventricular noncompaction 8 MIM#615373 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.13043 | PRDM16 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: PRDM16: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 23768516, 29367541, 34915728, 31965688, 29367541; Phenotypes: Cardiomyopathy, dilated, 1LL MIM#615373, Left ventricular noncompaction 8 MIM#615373; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12973 | PRPH | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: PRPH were changed from to {Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, susceptibility to}, 105400 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12969 | PRPH | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: PRPH: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 20363051, 15322088, 15446584; Phenotypes: {Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, susceptibility to}, 105400; Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12966 | PRSS12 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: PRSS12 were changed from to Intellectual disability, PRSS12 related MIM#249500 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12962 | PRSS12 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: PRSS12: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Intellectual disability, PRSS12 related MIM#249500; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12952 | PSTPIP1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: PSTPIP1 were changed from to Pyogenic sterile arthritis, pyoderma gangrenosum, and acne, MIM# 604416; PSTPIP1-associated myeloid-related proteinemia inflammatory (PAMI) syndrome | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12949 | PSTPIP1 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: PSTPIP1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 11971877, 34938582, 34778321, 34745107, 34492165, 34047005; Phenotypes: Pyogenic sterile arthritis, pyoderma gangrenosum, and acne, MIM# 604416, PSTPIP1-associated myeloid-related proteinemia inflammatory (PAMI) syndrome; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12946 | PTH | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: PTH were changed from to Hypoparathyroidism, familial isolated 1, MIM# 146200 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12943 | PTH | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: PTH: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 2212001, 1302009, 10523031, 35165722, 32421798; Phenotypes: Hypoparathyroidism, familial isolated 1, MIM# 146200; Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12922 | PTRH2 |
Zornitza Stark commented on gene: PTRH2: Infantile-onset multisystem neurologic, endocrine, and pancreatic disease-1 (IMNEPD1) is an autosomal recessive multisystemic disorder with variable expressivity. The core features usually include global developmental delay with impaired intellectual development and speech delay, ataxia, sensorineural hearing loss, and pancreatic insufficiency. Additional features may include peripheral neuropathy, postnatal microcephaly, dysmorphic facial features, and cerebellar atrophy. More than 5 unrelated families reported. The Q85P missense variant is reported in several families, likely founder effect. |
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| Mendeliome v0.12920 | PUM1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: PUM1 were changed from to Spinocerebellar ataxia 47, MIM# 617931; Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, PUM1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12917 | PUM1 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: PUM1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 29474920, 25768905, 30903679, 31859446; Phenotypes: Spinocerebellar ataxia 47, MIM# 617931, Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, PUM1-related; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12910 | F12 | Bryony Thompson commented on gene: F12: Also associated with FXII deficiency - PMID: 29383625, 20022356, 18024408, 20386432, 26709783, 21264442, 28007010, 15205584, 30700128 - Biallalelic loss-of-function variants are a well-established cause of FXII deficiency. FXII deficiency is not associated with bleeding risk unlike other coagulation factors, it is either asymptomatic or characterized by a prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time. DEFINITIVE gene-disease validity classification by the ClinGen Hemostasis Thrombosis VCEP, Classification - 01/22/2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12907 | SGCD | Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Association with LGMD is DEFINITIVE by ClinGen.; to: Association with LGMD is DEFINITIVE by ClinGen. More than 10 unrelated families reported. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12901 | SFXN4 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: SFXN4 were changed from to Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 18, MIM#615578 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12859 | SGCD |
Samantha Ayres edited their review of gene: SGCD: Added comment: Variants identified in multiple cases of cardiomyopathy, however most are too common in the general population to explain the disease. First described in the literature with potential association to cardiomyopathy in 2000 (Tsubata et al 10974018). Case-control study by Mazzarotto et al 2020, did not identify enrichment of SGCD in DCM cohort. Animal models demonstrate mild cardiomyopathy phenotype. Curated as 'limited' gene-disease association by ClinGen; Changed rating: RED; Changed publications: 10974018, 31983221, 23695275; Changed phenotypes: Cardiomyopathy, dilated, 1L, MIM#606685, dilated cardiomyopathy MONDO:0005021; Changed mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted |
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| Mendeliome v0.12859 | SFXN4 | Samantha Ayres reviewed gene: SFXN4: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 31059822, 24119684; Phenotypes: Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 18, MIM#615578; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12855 | PDCD1 |
Krithika Murali changed review comment from: No OMIM gene disease association. 1 individual from a consanguineous family reported with PDCD1 deficiency. PMID: 34183838 (Nat Medicine 2021) - proband is the son of consanguineous Turkish parents. He was diagnosed with type 1 diabetes (T1D), hypothyroidism, and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) at the age of three years. He developed abdominal TB age 10 and died from pulmonary alveolar haemorrhage age 11. WES identified homozygous intragenic PDCD1 gene duplication (c.105dupC p.T36Hfs*70). Absent from population databases and unaffected parents confirmed to be heterozygous. Supportive in vitro studies showing absent expression or function of PD-1 protein. Proband's older brother died at the age of 3 from unexplained pneumonitis and had a history of T1DM and juvenile idiopathic arthritis.; to: No OMIM gene disease association. 1 individual from a consanguineous family reported with PDCD1 deficiency. PMID: 34183838 (Nat Medicine 2021) - proband is the son of consanguineous Turkish parents. He was diagnosed with type 1 diabetes (T1D), hypothyroidism, and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) at the age of three years. He developed abdominal TB age 10 and died from pulmonary alveolar haemorrhage age 11. WES identified homozygous intragenic PDCD1 gene duplication (c.105dupC p.T36Hfs*70). Absent from population databases and unaffected parents confirmed to be heterozygous. Supportive in vitro studies showing absent expression or function of PD-1 protein. Proband's older brother died at the age of 3 from unexplained pneumonitis and had a history of T1DM and juvenile idiopathic arthritis. |
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| Mendeliome v0.12846 | CD36 | Ain Roesley Phenotypes for gene: CD36 were changed from to Platelet glycoprotein IV deficiency MIM#608404; {Malaria, cerebral, reduced risk of} MIM#611162; {Malaria, cerebral, susceptibility to} MIM#611162 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12844 | CD36 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: CD36: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 7686693, 11950861, 10890433, 24960640, 10890433; Phenotypes: Platelet glycoprotein IV deficiency MIM#608404, {Malaria, cerebral, reduced risk of} MIM#611162, {Malaria, cerebral, susceptibility to} MIM#611162; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12844 | CD36 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: CD36: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 7533783, 11950861, 10890433, 12506336; Phenotypes: {Malaria, cerebral, reduced risk of} MIM#611162, {Malaria, cerebral, susceptibility to} MIM#611162, Platelet glycoprotein IV deficiency MIM#608404; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12838 | CCR2 | Ain Roesley changed review comment from: Currently no mendelian gene-disease association; to: Vall64Ile has been associated with reduction in the progression to AIDS. Mutant results in normal expression levels of the CCR2 receptor and has no effect on the incidence of HIV infection. However, in contrast to normal CCR2 peptides, the mutant protein preferentially dimerizes with the CXCR4 polypeptide, isolating it in the endoplasmic reticulum. It is also thought that the inhibitory effect is dependent on the stages of HIV-1 infection and interactions with other genetic variants. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12798 | TRMT5 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: TRMT5 were changed from to Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 26, MIM# 616539 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12795 | TRMT5 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: TRMT5: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 26189817, 35342985, 35109800, 29021354; Phenotypes: Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 26, MIM# 616539; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12787 | TRMT10C | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: TRMT10C were changed from to Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 30, MIM# 616974 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12784 | TRMT10C | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: TRMT10C: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 27132592, 33886802; Phenotypes: Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 30, MIM# 616974; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12771 | TRIM32 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: TRIM32: Added comment: >3 unrelated cases with myopathy, adult onset reported; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed publications: 16606853, 31309175, 11822024; Changed phenotypes: Bardet-Biedl syndrome 11, MIM# 615988, Muscular dystrophy, limb-girdle, autosomal recessive 8 MIM#254110 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12765 | TTPA | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: TTPA were changed from to Ataxia with isolated vitamin E deficiency, MIM# 277460 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12759 | TTC19 |
Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: TTC19: Added comment: Mitochondrial complex III deficiency nuclear type 2 is an autosomal recessive severe neurodegenerative disorder that usually presents in childhood, but may show later onset, even in adulthood. Affected individuals have motor disability, with ataxia, apraxia, dystonia, and dysarthria, associated with necrotic lesions throughout the brain. Most patients also have cognitive impairment and axonal neuropathy and become severely disabled later in life. The disorder may present clinically as spinocerebellar ataxia or Leigh syndrome, or with psychiatric disturbances. At least 4 unrelated families reported.; Changed publications: 21278747, 23532514, 24368687, 24397319 |
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| Mendeliome v0.12759 | TSFM | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: TSFM were changed from to Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 3, MIM# 610505 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12753 | TP63 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: TP63 were changed from to ADULT syndrome, OMIM #103285; Ectrodactyly, ectodermal dysplasia, and cleft lip/palate syndrome 3, OMIM #604292; Hay-Wells syndrome, OMIM #106260; Limb-mammary syndrome, OMIM #603543; Orofacial cleft 8, OMIM #618149; Rapp-Hodgkin syndrome, OMIM #129400; Split-hand/foot malformation 4, OMIM #605289 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12750 | TP63 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: TP63: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 20556892; Phenotypes: ADULT syndrome, OMIM #103285, Ectrodactyly, ectodermal dysplasia, and cleft lip/palate syndrome 3, OMIM #604292, Hay-Wells syndrome, OMIM #106260, Limb-mammary syndrome, OMIM #603543, Orofacial cleft 8, OMIM #618149, Rapp-Hodgkin syndrome, OMIM #129400, Split-hand/foot malformation 4, OMIM #605289; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12738 | PIGA | Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: PIGA 34875027: variants in PIGA causing a neurodevelopment disorder and a juvenile form of hereditary hemochromatosis reported in > three unrelated patients. All patients had increased serum iron, ferritin and transferrin saturation levels, high ALP and low hepcidin. All patients had generalised seizures and intellectual disability. A subpopulation of patient blood cells showed a slight reduction of GPI-anchored proteins, suggesting that the mutations were hypomorphic and retained some residual activity. CRISPR/Cas12a-mediated knockdown of PIGA in Hep3B liver cells eliminated the cell surface expression of GPI-anchored proteins CD59 and hemojuvelin (HJV; 608374), as well as caused decreased expression of hepcidin (606464) compared to controls. These hypomorphic alleles could explain the milder neurologic phenotype, which allowed for sufficiently long survival for the iron overload phenotype to manifest.; to: PMID 34875027: variants in PIGA causing a neurodevelopment disorder and a juvenile form of hereditary hemochromatosis reported in > three unrelated patients. All patients had increased serum iron, ferritin and transferrin saturation levels, high ALP and low hepcidin. All patients had generalised seizures and intellectual disability. A subpopulation of patient blood cells showed a slight reduction of GPI-anchored proteins, suggesting that the mutations were hypomorphic and retained some residual activity. CRISPR/Cas12a-mediated knockdown of PIGA in Hep3B liver cells eliminated the cell surface expression of GPI-anchored proteins CD59 and hemojuvelin (HJV; 608374), as well as caused decreased expression of hepcidin (606464) compared to controls. These hypomorphic alleles could explain the milder neurologic phenotype, which allowed for sufficiently long survival for the iron overload phenotype to manifest. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12737 | PIGA | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: PIGA: Added comment: PIGA 34875027: variants in PIGA causing a neurodevelopment disorder and a juvenile form of hereditary hemochromatosis reported in > three unrelated patients. All patients had increased serum iron, ferritin and transferrin saturation levels, high ALP and low hepcidin. All patients had generalised seizures and intellectual disability. A subpopulation of patient blood cells showed a slight reduction of GPI-anchored proteins, suggesting that the mutations were hypomorphic and retained some residual activity. CRISPR/Cas12a-mediated knockdown of PIGA in Hep3B liver cells eliminated the cell surface expression of GPI-anchored proteins CD59 and hemojuvelin (HJV; 608374), as well as caused decreased expression of hepcidin (606464) compared to controls. These hypomorphic alleles could explain the milder neurologic phenotype, which allowed for sufficiently long survival for the iron overload phenotype to manifest.; Changed publications: 22305531, 24357517, 24706016, 26545172, 33333793, 32694024, 34875027; Changed phenotypes: Multiple congenital anomalies-hypotonia-seizures syndrome 2, MIM# 300868, MONDO:0010466, Neurodevelopmental disorder with epilepsy and haemochromatosis, MIM# 301072 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12737 | SLC35B2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: SLC35B2 were changed from chondrodysplasia with hypomyelinating leukodystrophy, intellectual disability to Leukodystrophy, MONDO:0019046, SLC35B2-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12733 | CACNA2D1 | Alison Yeung Phenotypes for gene: CACNA2D1 were changed from developmental and epileptic encephalopathy disorder MONDO:0100062 CACNA2D1-related to Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy disorder MONDO:0100062 CACNA2D1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12731 | TTC21B | Dean Phelan edited their review of gene: TTC21B: Added comment: Correcting typographical error; Changed phenotypes: Glomerular disorder (MONDO:0019722), TTC21B-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12731 | CACNA2D1 |
Michelle Torres gene: CACNA2D1 was added gene: CACNA2D1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: CACNA2D1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: CACNA2D1 were set to 35293990 Phenotypes for gene: CACNA2D1 were set to developmental and epileptic encephalopathy disorder MONDO:0100062 CACNA2D1-related Review for gene: CACNA2D1 was set to GREEN Added comment: PMID 35293990: WES of 2x unrelated individuals with early-onset developmental epileptic encephalopathy, microcephaly, severe hypotonia, absent speech, spasticity, choreiform movements, orofacial dyskinesia, and 2 cortical visual impairment, corpus callosum hypoplasia and progressive volume loss. Patient 2 also had a tiny patent foramen ovale. Patient 1 is homozygous for p.(Ser275Asnfs*13). mRNA and protein expression were reduced to ~10% of WT in fibroblasts Patient 2 is cHet for p.(Leu9Alafs*5) and p.(Gly209Asp). mRNA expression in patients fibroblasts was similar to controls, and protein expression reduced to 31-38%. Functional of the p.(Gly209Asp) showed impaired localization and mutagenesis showed complete loss of channel function. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.12731 | TTC21B | Dean Phelan edited their review of gene: TTC21B: Added comment: Updated to include additional publications linking glomerular disorder.; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed publications: PMID: 35289079, 26940125, 28124483, 31208513, 34805047; Changed phenotypes: Glomerular disorder (MONOD:0019722), TTC21B-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12730 | TNNC1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: TNNC1 were changed from to Cardiomyopathy, dilated, 1Z, MIM# 611879; Cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic, 13 (MIM# 613243) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12729 | TTC21B | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: TTC21B were changed from Nephronophthisis 12, MIM# 613820; Short-rib thoracic dysplasia 4 with or without polydactyly, MIM# 613819; Joubert syndrome to Nephronophthisis 12, MIM# 613820; Short-rib thoracic dysplasia 4 with or without polydactyly, MIM# 613819; Joubert syndrome; Glomerular disorder MONDO:0019722, TTC21B-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12728 | TRAPPC10 |
Naomi Baker gene: TRAPPC10 was added gene: TRAPPC10 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: TRAPPC10 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: TRAPPC10 were set to PMID: 35298461; 30167849 Phenotypes for gene: TRAPPC10 were set to neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO:0700092), TRAPPC10-related Review for gene: TRAPPC10 was set to GREEN Added comment: PMID: 35298461 – two Pakistani families reported with homozygous variants. Family 1 has frameshift variant in 8 affected individual and family 2 has missense variant in 2 affected individuals. Patients present with microcephaly, short stature, hypotonia, severe ID and behavioural abnormalities. Seizures also reported in 4/10 individuals. Paper also reported brain abnormalities in null mouse model and other functional in transfected cell lines. PMID: 30167849 – initial report of family 2 above. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.12728 | FUZ | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: FUZ were changed from {Neural tube defects, susceptibility to} MIM#182940 to {Neural tube defects, susceptibility to} MIM#182940; craniosynostosis, FUZ-related MONDO#0015469 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12726 | FUZ | Anna Ritchie reviewed gene: FUZ: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID: 34719684; Phenotypes: craniosynostosis, FUZ-related MONDO#0015469; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12725 | TNNI1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: TNNI1 were changed from arthrogryposis; joint contractures to Arthrogryposis MONDO:0008779, TNNI1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12722 | ATP2B1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ATP2B1 were changed from Neurodevelopmental delay; autism; seizures; distal limb abnormalities to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, ATP2B1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12714 | TNNC1 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: TNNC1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 33947203, 31983221, 17977476, 19808376, 11385718, 8572189, 21262074, 22815480, 26779504; Phenotypes: Cardiomyopathy, dilated, 1Z, MIM# 611879, Cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic, 13 (MIM# 613243); Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12714 | AHSG |
Elena Savva gene: AHSG was added gene: AHSG was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: AHSG was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: AHSG were set to PMID: 28054173; 9395485; 31288248; 17389622 Phenotypes for gene: AHSG were set to ?Alopecia-intellectual disability syndrome 1 MIM#203650; infantile cortical hyperostosis Review for gene: AHSG was set to RED Added comment: PMID: 28054173 - 7 relatives within a large consanguinous fam w/ alopecia and ID, and a hom missense (p.Arg317His). Modelling predicts this variant to be a phosphorylation site, functional studies show a difference in protein size. Unclear biological significance. Alt change with stronger GS (p.(Arg317Cys)) is a common poly with 19 homozygotes in gnomAD. No hom PTCs in gnomAD PMID: 9395485 - K/O mouse model shows no gross anatomical abnormalities, were fertile and "healthy". No mentioned of ID, alopecia PMID: 17389622 - K/O mouse model on the calcification resistant genetic background C57BL/6, shows uraemia and phosphate challenge. No mentioned of ID, alopecia PMID: 31288248 - 1 hom infant (p.K2*, within 5' NMD escape region) with infantile cortical hyperostosis, loss of enzyme in patient serum shown by ELISA. No mentioned of ID, alopecia Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.12713 | VPS16 | Ain Roesley Phenotypes for gene: VPS16 were changed from Dystonia 30, MIM#619291 to Dystonia 30, MIM#619291; mucopolysaccharidosis-like disorder, VPS16-related MONDO#0100365 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12711 | ATP2B1 |
Daniel Flanagan gene: ATP2B1 was added gene: ATP2B1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: ATP2B1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: ATP2B1 were set to PMID: 35358416 Phenotypes for gene: ATP2B1 were set to Neurodevelopmental delay; autism; seizures; distal limb abnormalities Review for gene: ATP2B1 was set to GREEN Added comment: 12 unrelated individuals with variants in ATP2B1 and an overlapping phenotype of mild to moderate global development delay. Additional common symptoms include autism (5), dissimilar forms of seizures (6), and distal limb abnormalities (4). 9 variants proven to be de novo, other 3 variants had unknown inheritance. 9 missense and 3 nonsense reported. Supporting functional analysis for missense. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.12711 | VPS16 |
Ain Roesley changed review comment from: for AR MPS: 3 unrelated families - 2x hom c.2272‐18C>A and 1x hom p.Trp180Cys RNA and functional studies done on the splice variant for AD see review below; to: for AR MPS: 3 unrelated families - 2x hom c.2272‐18C>A and 1x hom p.Trp180Cys RNA and functional studies done on the splice variant for AD see review below PMID:34901436 suggests dystonia is transcript specific |
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| Mendeliome v0.12711 | VPS16 |
Ain Roesley changed review comment from: for AR MPS: 3 unrelated families - 2x hom c.2272‐18C>A and 1x het p.Trp180Cys RNA and functional studies done on the splice variant for AD see review below; to: for AR MPS: 3 unrelated families - 2x hom c.2272‐18C>A and 1x hom p.Trp180Cys RNA and functional studies done on the splice variant for AD see review below |
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| Mendeliome v0.12709 | VPS16 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: VPS16: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 33938619, 34013567; Phenotypes: mucopolysaccharidosis-like disorder, VPS16-related MONDO#0100365; Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12691 | TMEM106B |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Cerebellar signs including ataxia prominent.; to: Hypomyelinating leukodystrophy-16 is an autosomal dominant neurologic disorder characterized by onset of hypotonia, nystagmus, and mildly delayed motor development in infancy. Affected individuals have motor disabilities, including ataxic or broad-based gait, hyperreflexia, intention tremor, dysmetria, and a mild pyramidal syndrome. Some patients have cognitive impairment, whereas others may have normal cognition or mild intellectual disability with speech difficulties. Brain imaging typically shows hypomyelination, leukodystrophy, and thin corpus callosum. At least 5 unrelated individuals reported. |
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| Mendeliome v0.12683 | GGN |
Zornitza Stark gene: GGN was added gene: GGN was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: GGN was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: GGN were set to 31985809; 33108537 Phenotypes for gene: GGN were set to Spermatogenic failure 69, MIM# 619826 Review for gene: GGN was set to AMBER Added comment: Three individuals from two unrelated families reported. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.12682 | SLC25A26 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: SLC25A26 were changed from to Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 28, MIM# 616794 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12679 | SLC25A26 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: SLC25A26: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 26522469; Phenotypes: Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 28, MIM# 616794; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12667 | SLC2A2 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Fanconi-Bickel syndrome is a rare but well-defined clinical entity, inherited in an autosomal recessive mode and characterized by hepatorenal glycogen accumulation, proximal renal tubular dysfunction, and impaired utilization of glucose and galactose. > 5 patients previously reported with the associated condition, which is a glycogen storage disease. SLC2A2 encodes for the glucose transporter, GLUT2.; to: Fanconi-Bickel syndrome is characterized by hepatorenal glycogen accumulation, proximal renal tubular dysfunction, and impaired utilization of glucose and galactose. > 5 patients previously reported with the associated condition, which is a glycogen storage disease. SLC2A2 encodes for the glucose transporter, GLUT2. |
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| Mendeliome v0.12631 | SSR4 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: SSR4 were changed from to Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Iy, MIM# 300934 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12628 | SSR4 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: SSR4: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 24218363, 26264460, 33300232; Phenotypes: Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Iy, MIM# 300934; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12626 | SRY | Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SRY was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12625 | SRY | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: SRY: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 9143916, 15863672; Phenotypes: 46XX sex reversal 1, MIM# 400045, 46XY sex reversal 1 , MIM#400044; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12601 | RUNX1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: RUNX1 were changed from to Platelet disorder, familial, with associated myeloid malignancy, MIM# 601399; Leukemia, acute myeloid, MIM# 601626 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12598 | PAX6 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: PAX6 were changed from to Coloboma of optic nerve - MIM# 120430; Coloboma, ocular - MIM#120200; Morning glory disc anomaly - MIM#120430; Aniridia - MIM#106210; Anterior segment dysgenesis 5, multiple subtypes - MIM#604229; Cataract with late-onset corneal dystrophy - MIM#106210; Foveal hypoplasia 1- MIM#136520; Keratitis - MIM#148190; Optic nerve hypoplasia - MIM#165550 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12574 | PIK3CG | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: PIK3CG were changed from Immune dysregulation; HLH-like; childhood-onset antibody defects; cytopenias; T lymphocytic pneumonitis and colitis to Immunodeficiency 97 with autoinflammation, MIM# 619802; Immune dysregulation; HLH-like; childhood-onset antibody defects; cytopenias; T lymphocytic pneumonitis and colitis | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12573 | PIK3CG | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: PIK3CG: Changed phenotypes: Immunodeficiency 97 with autoinflammation, MIM# 619802, Immune dysregulation, HLH-like, childhood-onset antibody defects, cytopenias, T lymphocytic pneumonitis and colitis | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12573 | RUNX1 | Belinda Chong reviewed gene: RUNX1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 10508512, 11830488; Phenotypes: Platelet disorder, familial, with associated myeloid malignancy, MIM# 601399, Leukemia, acute myeloid, MIM# 601626; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12573 | PAX6 | Krithika Murali reviewed gene: PAX6: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 31700164, 30986449, 29930474, 22171686; Phenotypes: ?Coloboma of optic nerve - MIM# 120430, ?Coloboma, ocular - MIM#120200, ?Morning glory disc anomaly - MIM#120430, Aniridia - MIM#106210, Anterior segment dysgenesis 5, multiple subtypes - MIM#604229, Cataract with late-onset corneal dystrophy - MIM#106210, Foveal hypoplasia 1- MIM#136520, Keratitis - MIM#148190, Optic nerve hypoplasia - MIM#165550; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12489 | TMEM199 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: TMEM199 were changed from to Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type IIp MIM# 616829 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12486 | TMEM199 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: TMEM199: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 26833330, 29321044; Phenotypes: Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type IIp MIM# 616829; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12453 | PNPT1 | Arina Puzriakova reviewed gene: PNPT1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 33199448; Phenotypes: Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 13, OMIM:614932; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12445 | SLC34A1 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Infantile hypercalcaemia and bi-allelic variants: More than 5 unrelated families reported. Nephrolithiasis and mono-allelic variants: multiple families reported.; to: Infantile hypercalcaemia and bi-allelic variants: More than 5 unrelated families reported. Nephrolithiasis and mono-allelic variants: multiple families reported. Single family reported with renal Fanconi and homozygous variant. |
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| Mendeliome v0.12439 | SLC35A1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: SLC35A1 were changed from to Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type IIf, MIM# 603585 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12436 | SLC35A1 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: SLC35A1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 28856833, 23873973, 11157507; Phenotypes: Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type IIf, MIM# 603585; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12420 | SLC39A8 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: SLC39A8: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 26637978, 26637979; Phenotypes: Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type IIn , MIM#16721; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12378 | TAMM41 |
Bryony Thompson gene: TAMM41 was added gene: TAMM41 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: TAMM41 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: TAMM41 were set to 35321494; 29253589 Phenotypes for gene: TAMM41 were set to inborn mitochondrial metabolism disorder MONDO:0004069; hypotonia; developmental delay; myopathy; ptosis Review for gene: TAMM41 was set to GREEN Added comment: Three unrelated individuals with mitochondrial disease that share clinical features, including lethargy at birth, hypotonia, developmental delay, myopathy, and ptosis with biallelic variants. Tissue-specific observations on OXPHOS were identified, cardiolipin levels were unchanged in subject fibroblasts but significantly decreased in the skeletal muscle of affected individuals. The missense variants identified were defective in yeast models. In an in vitro cell model knockdown of TAMM41 resulted in decreased mitochondrial CDP diacylglycerol synthase activity, decreased cardiolipin levels and a decrease in oxygen consumption. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.12370 | BNIP1 |
Bryony Thompson gene: BNIP1 was added gene: BNIP1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: BNIP1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: BNIP1 were set to 35266227; 31344970 Phenotypes for gene: BNIP1 were set to spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia MONDO:0016761 Review for gene: BNIP1 was set to AMBER Added comment: Two apparently unrelated cases with spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia from India were identified with the same variant (c.84+3A>T). The kindred coefficient comparison of the 2 cases exome data suggested they were unrelated, however there was a stretch of shared homozygosity suggesting remote consanguinity. ~80% aberrantly spliced BNIP1 pre-mRNAs, reduced BNIP1 mRNA level to ~80%, and BNIP1 protein level reduction by ~50% were detected in one of the cases fibroblasts. A block at the terminal stage of autolysosome formation and/or clearance in patient fibroblasts was suggested based on the data. A drosophila model of the BNIP1 orthologue Sec20 also demonstrated defective autolysosome formation. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.12343 | TTR | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: TTR were changed from to Amyloidosis, hereditary, transthyretin-related, MIM #105210; Carpal tunnel syndrome, familial, MIM# 115430 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12323 | TTR | Manny Jacobs reviewed gene: TTR: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: Other; Publications: PMID:1570831, 1626570, 16115295, 16194874, 26537620; Phenotypes: Amyloidosis, hereditary, transthyretin-related, MIM #105210, Carpal tunnel syndrome, familial, MIM# 115430; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12304 | CA12 |
Ain Roesley changed review comment from: Glu143Lys found in 4 Israeli Bedouin families 2 other unrelated families reported with 1 missense (LoF demosntrated), 1 splice (aberrant splicing proven) and 1 fs (protein truncating, not NMD); to: Glu143Lys found in 4 Israeli Bedouin families 2 other unrelated families reported with 1 missense (LoF demonstrated), 1 splice (aberrant splicing proven) and 1 fs (protein truncating, not NMD) |
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| Mendeliome v0.12295 | TIA1 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: TIA1: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 29235362, 29886022, 29773329, 29699721, 29216908, 24659297, 29457785, 28817800, 23401021, 23401021; Phenotypes: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 26 with or without frontotemporal dementia, MIM# 619133, Welander distal myopathy (MIM#604454); Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic (but BIALLELIC mutations cause a more SEVERE disease form), autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12256 | OTC | Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: OTC was changed from X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12224 | OTC | Krithika Murali reviewed gene: OTC: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency - MIM#311250; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12224 | SERPINA1 |
Samantha Ayres changed review comment from: Well established gene-disease relationship Rated as C by babyseq due to low penetrance in childhood. Can cause hepatic dysfunction in infancy. Identification would prevent further investigation and potentially lead to optimising respiratory health due to adult onset respiratory involvement.; to: Well established gene-disease relationship Rated as C by babyseq due to low penetrance in childhood. Can cause hepatic dysfunction in infancy. Identification would prevent further investigation and potentially lead to optimising respiratory health due to adult onset respiratory involvement. MUTATIONAL & CLINICAL SPECTRUM ZZ genotype: 2% have severe, neonatal/early-onset liver disease (potentially fatal/requiring liver transplantation), up to 6% have childhood onset liver disease. Also associated with adult-onset lung disease particularly emphysema (50%+ penetrance) - smoking is an important risk factor (close to 100% penetrance). TREATMENT There is no specific treatment for liver disease beyond transplant. There is treatment (AAT augmentation therapy) available to delay progression of lung disease phenotype. |
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| Mendeliome v0.12224 | SERPINA1 |
Samantha Ayres changed review comment from: Well established gene-disease association Rated as C by babyseq due to low penetrance in childhood. Can cause hepatic dysfunction in infancy. Identification would prevent further investigation and potentially lead to optimising respiratory health due to adult onset respiratory involvement.; to: Well established gene-disease relationship Rated as C by babyseq due to low penetrance in childhood. Can cause hepatic dysfunction in infancy. Identification would prevent further investigation and potentially lead to optimising respiratory health due to adult onset respiratory involvement. |
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| Mendeliome v0.12159 | ADH1B | Elena Savva Phenotypes for gene: ADH1B were changed from to Aerodigestive tract cancer, squamous cell, alcohol-related, protection against} MIM#103780; {Alcohol dependence, protection against} MIM#103780 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12155 | ADH1B | Elena Savva reviewed gene: ADH1B: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Aerodigestive tract cancer, squamous cell, alcohol-related, protection against} MIM#103780, {Alcohol dependence, protection against} MIM#103780; Mode of inheritance: Unknown | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12152 | CASP8 |
Ain Roesley changed review comment from: Boderline red/amber 1 family (the 2nd family reported in PMID:25814141 was found to be distantly related to the one in PMID:12353035) Mice with targeted T cell and B cell caspase-8 deficiency present normal thymocyte development but a marked decrease in peripheral blood T-cells. Besides, when challenged with the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), these animals showed a significantly impaired immune response to the infection that included impaired CD8 cell expansion and an abrogated ability to generate virus-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T-cells.; to: Borderline red/amber 1 family (the 2nd family reported in PMID:25814141 was found to be distantly related to the one in PMID:12353035) Mice with targeted T cell and B cell caspase-8 deficiency present normal thymocyte development but a marked decrease in peripheral blood T-cells. Besides, when challenged with the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), these animals showed a significantly impaired immune response to the infection that included impaired CD8 cell expansion and an abrogated ability to generate virus-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T-cells. |
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| Mendeliome v0.12136 | CASK | Ain Roesley Mode of inheritance for gene: CASK was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12134 | CASK | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: CASK: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 24278995; Phenotypes: FG syndrome 4 MIM#300422, Intellectual developmental disorder and microcephaly with pontine and cerebellar hypoplasia MIM#300749, Mental retardation, with or without nystagmus MIM#300422; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males); Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12099 | TUBB1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: TUBB1 were changed from to Macrothrombocytopenia, autosomal dominant, TUBB1-related, OMIM #613112; MONDO:0013141 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12096 | TUBB1 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: TUBB1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Macrothrombocytopenia, autosomal dominant, TUBB1-related, OMIM #613112, MONDO:0013141; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12086 | TUFM | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: TUFM were changed from to Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 4, OMIM #610678; MONDO:0012534 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12082 | CA12 | Ain Roesley Phenotypes for gene: CA12 were changed from to Hyperchlorhidrosis, isolated MIM#143860 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12080 | CA12 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: CA12: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 21035102, 21184099, 26911677; Phenotypes: Hyperchlorhidrosis, isolated MIM#143860; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12071 | ACER3 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: ACER3: Added comment: Additional publication (Dehvani et al., 2021; PMID: 34281620) detailing three further unrelated cases, each with novel homozygous variants in the ACER3 gene. All individuals displayed features of progressive leukoencephalopathy, developmental delay, hypotonia, appendicular spasticity, and dystonia. Early development is apparently normal followed by symptoms of stagnation and neurologic regression (onset within first year of life).; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed publications: 32816236, 26792856, 34281620; Changed phenotypes: Leukodystrophy, progressive, early childhood-onset, MIM:617762 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12062 | TUBB1 | Manny Jacobs reviewed gene: TUBB1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID: 32757236, PMID: 31565851, PMID: 29333906, PMID: 18849486; Phenotypes: Macrothrombocytopenia, autosomal dominant, TUBB1-related, OMIM #613112, MONDO:0013141; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12049 | TUFM | Manny Jacobs reviewed gene: TUFM: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID: 28132884, PMID: 26741492, PMID: 17160893, PMID: 30903008; Phenotypes: Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 4, OMIM #610678, MONDO:0012534; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12016 | SNAP25 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: SNAP25 were changed from to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, SNAP25-related; Myasthenic syndrome, congenital, 18, MIM# 616330 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.12013 | SNAP25 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: SNAP25: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 25003006, 29100083, 28135719; Phenotypes: Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, SNAP25-related, Myasthenic syndrome, congenital, 18, MIM# 616330; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.11986 | TERT | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: TERT were changed from to Dyskeratosis congenita, MIM# 613989; Pulmonary fibrosis and/or bone marrow failure, telomere-related, 1, MIM# 614742 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.11983 | TERT | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: TERT: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 16247010, 15814878; Phenotypes: Dyskeratosis congenita, MIM# 613989, Pulmonary fibrosis and/or bone marrow failure, telomere-related, 1, MIM# 614742; Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.11975 | TEAD1 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Sveinsson chorioretinal atrophy (SCRA) is characterized by bilateral, well-defined, tongue-shaped strips of atrophic retina and choroid that extend from the optic nerve into the peripheral ocular fundus. The lesions may be evident at birth and usually progress at a variable rate, sometimes leading to central visual loss. Separate small distinct circular atrophic lesions are observed in the peripheral ocular fundus in some patients. Congenital anterior polar cataracts are found in approximately 25% of affected individuals. The vast majority of reported cases were of Icelandic origin but the characteristic clinical picture of SCRA is also described in patients of non-Icelandic descent. The variant reported in the Icelanding population is (c.1261T>C, p.Tyr421His), another variant at same position c.1261T>A, p.Tyr421Asn also reported in non-Icelandic family. Functional data supports gene-disease association.; to: Sveinsson chorioretinal atrophy (SCRA) is characterized by bilateral, well-defined, tongue-shaped strips of atrophic retina and choroid that extend from the optic nerve into the peripheral ocular fundus. The lesions may be evident at birth and usually progress at a variable rate, sometimes leading to central visual loss. Separate small distinct circular atrophic lesions are observed in the peripheral ocular fundus in some patients. Congenital anterior polar cataracts are found in approximately 25% of affected individuals. The vast majority of reported cases were of Icelandic origin but the characteristic clinical picture of SCRA is also described in patients of non-Icelandic descent. The variant reported in the Icelanding population is (c.1261T>C, p.Tyr421His), another variant at same position c.1261T>A, p.Tyr421Asn also reported in non-Icelandic family. A de novo nonsense variant has also been reported in a case with Aicardi syndrome with infantile spasms, agenesis of the corpus callosum, and chorioretinal lacunae. |
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| Mendeliome v0.11919 | LAT | Zornitza Stark Publications for gene: LAT were set to | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.11908 | LAT | Alison Yeung Marked gene: LAT as ready | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.11908 | LAT | Alison Yeung Gene: lat has been classified as Green List (High Evidence). | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.11908 | LAT | Alison Yeung Mode of inheritance for gene: LAT was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.11907 | LAT | Alison Yeung Phenotypes for gene: LAT were changed from to Immunodeficiency 52, MIM# 617514 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.11906 | LAT | Alison Yeung reviewed gene: LAT: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 27522155, 27242165, 10204488; Phenotypes: Immunodeficiency 52, MIM# 617514; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.11865 | LAS1L | Alison Yeung changed review comment from: 3 unrelated individuals reported; to: 3 unrelated individuals reported | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.11865 | LAS1L | Alison Yeung changed review comment from: 3 unrelated individuals reported; to: 3 unrelated individuals reported | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.11864 | LAMB2 |
Alison Yeung changed review comment from: Pierson syndrome (PIERS) is an autosomal recessive disorder comprising congenital nephrotic syndrome with diffuse mesangial sclerosis and distinct ocular abnormalities, including microcoria and hypoplasia of the ciliary and pupillary muscles, as well as other anomalies. Many patients die early, and those who survive tend to show neurodevelopmental delay and visual loss. Nephrotic syndrome type 5 is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by very early onset of progressive renal failure manifest as proteinuria with consecutive edema starting in utero or within the first 3 months of life. A subset of patients may develop mild ocular anomalies, such as myopia, nystagmus, and strabismus. The two disorders are likely part of a spectrum. More than 5 unrelated families reported. ; to: Pierson syndrome (PIERS) is an autosomal recessive disorder comprising congenital nephrotic syndrome with diffuse mesangial sclerosis and distinct ocular abnormalities, including microcoria and hypoplasia of the ciliary and pupillary muscles, as well as other anomalies. Many patients die early, and those who survive tend to show neurodevelopmental delay and visual loss. Nephrotic syndrome type 5 is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by very early onset of progressive renal failure manifest as proteinuria with consecutive edema starting in utero or within the first 3 months of life. A subset of patients may develop mild ocular anomalies, such as myopia, nystagmus, and strabismus. More than 5 unrelated families reported. |
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| Mendeliome v0.11864 | LAMB2 |
Alison Yeung changed review comment from: Pierson syndrome (PIERS) is an autosomal recessive disorder comprising congenital nephrotic syndrome with diffuse mesangial sclerosis and distinct ocular abnormalities, including microcoria and hypoplasia of the ciliary and pupillary muscles, as well as other anomalies. Many patients die early, and those who survive tend to show neurodevelopmental delay and visual loss. Nephrotic syndrome type 5 is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by very early onset of progressive renal failure manifest as proteinuria with consecutive edema starting in utero or within the first 3 months of life. A subset of patients may develop mild ocular anomalies, such as myopia, nystagmus, and strabismus.; to: Pierson syndrome (PIERS) is an autosomal recessive disorder comprising congenital nephrotic syndrome with diffuse mesangial sclerosis and distinct ocular abnormalities, including microcoria and hypoplasia of the ciliary and pupillary muscles, as well as other anomalies. Many patients die early, and those who survive tend to show neurodevelopmental delay and visual loss. Nephrotic syndrome type 5 is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by very early onset of progressive renal failure manifest as proteinuria with consecutive edema starting in utero or within the first 3 months of life. A subset of patients may develop mild ocular anomalies, such as myopia, nystagmus, and strabismus. The two disorders are likely part of a spectrum. More than 5 unrelated families reported. |
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| Mendeliome v0.11826 | NHS | Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: NHS was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.11819 | NEXN | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: NEXN were changed from to Lethal fetal cardiomyopathy; Hydrops fetalis; Cardiomyopathy, dilated 1CC - MIM#613122 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.11792 | SUZ12 | Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: More than 10 unrelated individuals reported.; to: More than 10 unrelated individuals reported, ID and overgrowth. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.11792 | NLGN3 | Krithika Murali reviewed gene: NLGN3: Rating: ; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 28584888, 12669065, 25167861; Phenotypes: {Asperger syndrome susceptibility, X-linked 1} - MIM#300494, {Autism susceptibility, X-linked 1} - MIM#300425; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.11792 | NHS | Krithika Murali reviewed gene: NHS: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 31755796, 25266737; Phenotypes: Nance-Horan syndrome - MIM#302350, Cataract 40, X-linked - MIM#302200; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.11792 | NEXN | Krithika Murali reviewed gene: NEXN: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 33947203, 33949776, 35166435, 32058062; Phenotypes: Lethal fetal cardiomyopathy, Hydrops fetalis, Cardiomyopathy, dilated 1CC - MIM#613122; Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic (but BIALLELIC mutations cause a more SEVERE disease form), autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.11720 | ACTN2 | Elena Savva Phenotypes for gene: ACTN2 were changed from Myopathy, distal, 6, adult onset MIM#618655; Cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic, 23, with or without LVNC MIM#612158; Cardiomyopathy, dilated, 1AA, with or without LVNC MIM#612158; Myopathy, congenital with structured cores and Z-line abnormalities MIM#618654 to Myopathy, distal, 6, adult onset MIM#618655; Cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic, 23, with or without LVNC MIM#612158; Cardiomyopathy, dilated, 1AA, with or without LVNC MIM#612158; Myopathy, congenital with structured cores and Z-line abnormalities MIM#618654 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.11719 | ACTN2 | Elena Savva Phenotypes for gene: ACTN2 were changed from to Myopathy, distal, 6, adult onset MIM#618655; Cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic, 23, with or without LVNC MIM#612158; Cardiomyopathy, dilated, 1AA, with or without LVNC MIM#612158; Myopathy, congenital with structured cores and Z-line abnormalities MIM#618654 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.11717 | ACTN2 | Elena Savva reviewed gene: ACTN2: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID: 34802252, 27287556; Phenotypes: Myopathy, distal, 6, adult onset MIM#618655, Cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic, 23, with or without LVNC MIM#612158, Cardiomyopathy, dilated, 1AA, with or without LVNC MIM#612158, Myopathy, congenital with structured cores and Z-line abnormalities MIM#618654; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.11691 | UNC119 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Immunodeficiency 13: Single case reported with the missense Gly22Val. The allele frequency of this variant is >2% in the African/African American subpopulation in gnomAD v2.1, including 6 homozygotes. RED for this association. Amber for association with cone-rod dystrophy.; to: Immunodeficiency 13: Single case reported with the missense Gly22Val. The allele frequency of this variant is >2% in the African/African American subpopulation in gnomAD v2.1, including 6 homozygotes. RED for this association. Borderline Green for association with cone-rod dystrophy. |
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| Mendeliome v0.11659 | C8A |
Ain Roesley changed review comment from: 6 unrelated (2 japanese and 4 africans) with 3 different variants between them (2 splice - 1 with aberrant splicing proven on cDNA and 1 nonsense) PMID: 8098723; 3 families hom for a nonsense and 2 families 3rd het for the same nonsense and unknown 2nd allele Amber because no other reports apart from these papers and comprehensive sequencing was not done even in the 2020 paper.; to: 6 unrelated (2 japanese and 4 africans) with 3 different variants between them (2 splice - 1 with aberrant splicing proven on cDNA and 1 nonsense) Amber because no other reports apart from these papers and comprehensive sequencing was not done even in the 2020 paper. |
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| Mendeliome v0.11578 | VCL | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: VCL were changed from to Cardiomyopathy, dilated, 1W, MIM# 611407 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.11575 | VCL | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: VCL: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 31983221, 32516855, 26406308, 26458567, 24062880, 11815424, 17785437, 17097056; Phenotypes: Cardiomyopathy, dilated, 1W, MIM# 611407; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.11557 | FRA10AC1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: FRA10AC1 were changed from to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, FRA10AC1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.11540 | NDUFAF4 |
Krithika Murali edited their review of gene: NDUFAF4: Added comment: 3 unrelated families reported with patient-specific functional evidence provided for each. PMID: 32949790 - report two siblings with facial dysmorphism and lactic acidosis diagnosed neonatally with subsequent fatal early encephalopathy with apneic episodes, irritability, central hypoventilation, liver involvement and hyperammonemia. Cerebral white matter anomalies reported in one patient and cardiomyopathy in the other. WES identified homozygous nonsense NDUFAF4 variants with absent NDUFAF4 expression in patient fibroblasts. OXPHOS assembly studies demonstrated almost undetectable levels of fully assembled complex I and complex I–containing supercomplexes and an abnormal accumulation of SCIII2IV1 supercomplexes. Morphologically, fibroblasts showed rounder mitochondria and a diminished degree of branching of the mitochondrial network. PMID: 28853723 - report one patient born at 38 weeks after IOL for IUGR. Presented age 7 months with developmental regression, growth failure and central hypotonia. Brain MRI revealed diffuse bilateral signal alterations in the basal ganglia and thalami and an EEG showed generalized slowing with multifocal spikes consistent with an epileptogenic focus. Homozygous missense NDUFAF4 variants identified. Lentiviral complementation of patient fibroblasts with wild-type NDUFAF4 rescued complex I deficiency and assembly defect PMID 18179882 - report multiple affected individuals from one family. Most presented soon after birth with severe metabolic acidosis and high plasma lactate levels. Patients who survived longer were repeatedly admitted because of exacerbation of the acidosis during intercurrent infections. One long-term survivor had profound ID.; Changed publications: 32949790, 28853723, 18179882 |
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| Mendeliome v0.11536 | IKBKG | Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: IKBKG was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.11535 | IKBKG | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: IKBKG: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Ectodermal dysplasia and immunodeficiency 1, MIM# 300291, Immunodeficiency 33 , MIM#300636, Incontinentia pigmenti, MIM# 308300; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.11523 | IL10 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: At least two families and a mouse model. Rare variants in this gene are also associated with susceptibility to a range of immune-related complex disorder.; to: At least two families and a mouse model. Rare variants in this gene are also associated with susceptibility to a range of immune-related complex disorders. |
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| Mendeliome v0.11523 | IL10 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: IL10 were changed from to Diseases of Immune Dysregulation; Early-onset inflammatory bowel disease | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.11520 | IL10 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: IL10: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 22236434, 20951137, 19890111; Phenotypes: Diseases of Immune Dysregulation, Early-onset inflammatory bowel disease; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.11513 | CCDC134 |
Zornitza Stark gene: CCDC134 was added gene: CCDC134 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: CCDC134 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: CCDC134 were set to 32181939; 34204301; 35019224 Phenotypes for gene: CCDC134 were set to Osteogenesis imperfecta, type XXII, MIM#619795 Review for gene: CCDC134 was set to GREEN Added comment: Three unrelated families reported. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.11380 | C1QTNF5 | Ain Roesley Phenotypes for gene: C1QTNF5 were changed from to Retinal degeneration, late-onset, autosomal dominant MIM#605670 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.11377 | C1QTNF5 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: C1QTNF5: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: Loss-of-function variants (as defined in pop up message) DO NOT cause this phenotype - please provide details in the comments; Publications: 33949280, 12944416, 30451557, 28939808, : 32036094; Phenotypes: Retinal degeneration, late-onset, autosomal dominant MIM#605670; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.11362 | IYD | Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Four unrelated families reported.; to: Four unrelated families reported in 2008, limited reports since. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.11346 | KCNA1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: KCNA1 were changed from to Episodic ataxia/myokymia syndrome, MIM# 160120; Epilepsy, MONDO:0005027, KCNA1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.11342 | KCNA1 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: KCNA1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 32316562; Phenotypes: Epilepsy, MONDO:0005027, KCNA1-related; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.11342 | KCNA5 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: KCNA5 were changed from to Atrial fibrillation, familial, 7, MIM# 612240 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.11339 | KCNA5 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: KCNA5: Rating: ; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 16772329, 19343045, 23264583; Phenotypes: Atrial fibrillation, familial, 7, MIM# 612240; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.11335 | KCNE5 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: KCNE5 were changed from to Atrial fibrillation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.11331 | KCNE5 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: KCNE5: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 18313602, 16054468, 30289750; Phenotypes: Atrial fibrillation; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.11324 | KCNK3 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: KCNK3 were changed from Pulmonary hypertension, primary, 4 MIM#615344 to Pulmonary hypertension, primary, 4 MIM#615344; Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, KCNK3-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.11320 | KCNMA1 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Multiple individuals with KCNMA1-related channelopathy described, both mono allelic and bi-allelic disease reported; a variety of neurologic symptoms, including ID; some variants are LoF and some are gain of function, some correlation between mechanism of pathogenicity and phenotype.; to: Multiple individuals with KCNMA1-related channelopathy described, both mono allelic and bi-allelic disease reported; a variety of neurologic symptoms, including ID; some variants are LoF and some are gain of function, some correlation between mechanism of pathogenicity and phenotype. Liang-Wang syndrome is a polymalformation syndrome with neurological involvement. |
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| Mendeliome v0.11314 | NAT2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: NAT2 were changed from to [Acetylation, slow] - MIM#243400 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.11304 | ARHGAP35 | Ain Roesley Phenotypes for gene: ARHGAP35 were changed from Developmental disorder to neurodevelopmental disorder, ARHGAP35-related MONDO#0700092 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.11301 | ARHGAP35 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: ARHGAP35: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: neurodevelopmental disorder, ARHGAP35-related MONDO#0700092; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.11286 | KIF5A |
Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: KIF5A: Added comment: Neonatal intractable myoclonus is a severe neurologic disorder characterized by the onset of intractable myoclonic seizures soon after birth. Affected infants have intermittent apnea, abnormal eye movements, pallor of the optic nerve, and lack of developmental progress. Brain imaging shows a progressive leukoencephalopathy. At least 3 unrelated individuals with de novo LoF variants. SPG10/CMT: variants are generally in the motor domain.; Changed publications: 30057544, 29892902, 28902413, 26403765, 25695920, 25008398, 27463701, 27414745; Changed phenotypes: Neuropathy, Spastic paraplegia 10, autosomal dominant, MIM# 604187, Myoclonus, intractable, neonatal, MIM# 617235 |
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| Mendeliome v0.11268 | TLN1 |
Bryony Thompson gene: TLN1 was added gene: TLN1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: TLN1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: TLN1 were set to 30888838 Phenotypes for gene: TLN1 were set to idiopathic spontaneous coronary artery dissection MONDO:0007385 Review for gene: TLN1 was set to AMBER Added comment: 10 unique rare heterozygous missense variants in 11 individuals were identified in a 2 generation SCAD family and 56 unrelated individuals with sporadic SCAD. All variants had a MAF of less than 0.06% and occurred within highly conserved β-integrin, F-actin, or vinculin binding domains. Incomplete penetrance was evident in the familial case and five individuals with sporadic SCAD from whom parental DNA was available. No functional assays were conducted. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.11255 | NAT2 | Krithika Murali reviewed gene: NAT2: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 22409928, 33932406; Phenotypes: [Acetylation, slow] - MIM#243400; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.11255 | TSR1 |
Bryony Thompson gene: TSR1 was added gene: TSR1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: TSR1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: TSR1 were set to 31296288; 31296287 Phenotypes for gene: TSR1 were set to idiopathic spontaneous coronary artery dissection MONDO:0007385 Review for gene: TSR1 was set to RED Added comment: A single case-control study with 85 SCAD cases and 296 non-SCAD controls from the Chinese Han population that underwent exome sequencing. TSR1 was the top hit in association analyses (p < 5.41 × 10-5 in both the optimal sequence kernel association and mixed effects score tests), with 5 variants identified in 8 SCAD cases. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.11253 | TMEM151A |
Bryony Thompson gene: TMEM151A was added gene: TMEM151A was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: TMEM151A was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: TMEM151A were set to 34820915; 34518509 Phenotypes for gene: TMEM151A were set to episodic kinesigenic dyskinesia MONDO:0044202 Review for gene: TMEM151A was set to GREEN Added comment: PMID: 34820915 - 24 heterozygous TMEM151A variants detected in 29 PRRT2-negative patients from 25 families PMID: 34518509 - TMEM151A variants identified in 3 AD families and 8 isolated PKD patients with incomplete penetrance identified in 3 of the isolated cases. Also, supporting mouse model and in vitro functional assays suggesting loss of function as the mechanism of disease. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.11228 | NARS2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: NARS2 were changed from to Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 24 - MIM#616239; Deafness, autosomal recessive 94 - MIM#618434 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.11203 | NARS2 | Krithika Murali reviewed gene: NARS2: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 25385316, 25807530, 30327238, 28077841; Phenotypes: Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 24 - MIM#616239, ?Deafness, autosomal recessive 94 - MIM#618434; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.11193 | ERBB4 | Bryony Thompson Phenotypes for gene: ERBB4 were changed from Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 19, MIM# MIM#615515; Intellectual disability to Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 19, MIM# MIM#615515; Intellectual disability MONDO:0001071 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.11189 | EARS2 | Bryony Thompson Phenotypes for gene: EARS2 were changed from to Leigh syndrome MONDO:0009723; Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 12 MIM#614924; leukoencephalopathy-thalamus and brainstem anomalies-high lactate syndrome MONDO:0013971 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.11186 | EARS2 | Bryony Thompson reviewed gene: EARS2: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 22492562, 23008233, 25854774, 26619324, 26893310, 27206875, 27571996, 27117034; Phenotypes: Leigh syndrome MONDO:0009723, Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 12 MIM#614924, leukoencephalopathy-thalamus and brainstem anomalies-high lactate syndrome MONDO:0013971; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.11163 | JAG1 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Two unrelated families reported with CMT type 2. Affected individuals in both families exhibited severe vocal fold paresis, a rare feature of peripheral nerve disease that can be life-threatening. Studies of mutant protein posttranslational modification and localization indicated that the mutations (p.Ser577Arg, p.Ser650Pro) impair protein glycosylation and reduce JAG1 cell surface expression. Mice harboring heterozygous CMT2-associated mutations exhibited mild peripheral neuropathy, and homozygous expression resulted in embryonic lethality by midgestation. Pre-existing rat model. Sources: Literature; to: Association with Alagille is very well established. Two unrelated families reported with CMT type 2. Affected individuals in both families exhibited severe vocal fold paresis, a rare feature of peripheral nerve disease that can be life-threatening. Studies of mutant protein posttranslational modification and localization indicated that the mutations (p.Ser577Arg, p.Ser650Pro) impair protein glycosylation and reduce JAG1 cell surface expression. Mice harboring heterozygous CMT2-associated mutations exhibited mild peripheral neuropathy, and homozygous expression resulted in embryonic lethality by midgestation. Pre-existing rat model. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.11136 | MAN2C1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: MAN2C1 were changed from neurodevelopmental disorder, MAN2C1-related, MONDO:0700092 to Congenital disorder of deglycosylation 2, MIM# 619775 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.11135 | MAN2C1 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: MAN2C1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Congenital disorder of deglycosylation 2, MIM# 619775; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.11135 | RPA1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: RPA1 were changed from Bone marrow failure; T- and B-cell lymphopaenia; pulmonary fibrosis; skin manifestations; short telomeres to Pulmonary fibrosis and/or bone marrow failure, telomere-related, 6, MIM# 619767; Bone marrow failure; T- and B-cell lymphopaenia; pulmonary fibrosis; skin manifestations; short telomeres | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.11134 | RPA1 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: RPA1: Changed phenotypes: Pulmonary fibrosis and/or bone marrow failure, telomere-related, 6, MIM# 619767, Bone marrow failure, T- and B-cell lymphopaenia, pulmonary fibrosis, skin manifestations, short telomeres | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.11114 | OPDM4 |
Bryony Thompson STR: OPDM4 was added STR: OPDM4 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for STR: OPDM4 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for STR: OPDM4 were set to 35148830 Phenotypes for STR: OPDM4 were set to Oculopharyngodistal myopathy MONDO:0025193 Review for STR: OPDM4 was set to GREEN STR: OPDM4 was marked as clinically relevant Added comment: 5'UTR repeat upstream of RILPL1. Analyses suggest that toxic RNA gain-of-function is the mechanism of disease for the repeat expansion. Distribution of CGG repeat units in RILPL1 ranged from 9 to 16 among 200 normal controls. The size of the CGG repeat ranged from 139 to 197 (169.91 ± 21.82) repeats in 11 unrelated individuals with OPDM. Segregation evidence from 1 family, with 2 affected individuals with the repeat expansion and 1 individual with essential tremor but not OPDM and 86 repeats (intermediate). Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.11113 | NSRP1 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: NSRP1: Changed phenotypes: Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, NSRP1-related, Epilepsy, Cerebral palsy, microcephaly, Intellectual disability | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.11110 | RECQL |
Dean Phelan gene: RECQL was added gene: RECQL was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: RECQL was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: RECQL were set to PMID: 35025765 Phenotypes for gene: RECQL were set to Photosensitivity; facial dysmorphism; xeropthalmia; skeletal abnormalities Review for gene: RECQL was set to AMBER Added comment: PMID: 35025765 - Homozygous missense variants identified in two seemingly unrelated families with a genome instability disorder. Both families had the same missense variant. Phenotype was progeroid facial features, skin photosensitivity, xeroderma, and slender elongated thumbs. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.11107 | HIST1H4C |
Paul De Fazio changed review comment from: 6 additional individuals with ID and dev delay. All variants were de novo. Lys92 (Lys91 in H4 nomenclature) and Pro33 (Pro32) were the only variants identified. Additional phenotypes in some but not all patients included hypotonia, facial dysmorphisms, conductive hearing loss. Most had reduced birth length, OFC, weight (-1 to -2.5SD). A zebrafish model has developmental defects.; to: HGNC recognised gene: H4C3 6 additional individuals with ID and dev delay. All variants were de novo. Lys92 (Lys91 in H4 nomenclature) and Pro33 (Pro32) were the only variants identified. Additional phenotypes in some but not all patients included hypotonia, facial dysmorphisms, conductive hearing loss. Most had reduced birth length, OFC, weight (-1 to -2.5SD). A zebrafish model has developmental defects. |
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| Mendeliome v0.11106 | CPSF3 | Alison Yeung Phenotypes for gene: CPSF3 were changed from Intellectual disability syndrome to Neurodevelopmental disorder, CPSF3-related, MONDO:0700092 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.11103 | HIST1H4E |
Paul De Fazio gene: HIST1H4E was added gene: HIST1H4E was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: HIST1H4E was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Publications for gene: HIST1H4E were set to 35202563 Phenotypes for gene: HIST1H4E were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder, HIST1H4E-related MONDO:0700092 Review for gene: HIST1H4E was set to GREEN gene: HIST1H4E was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: 17 patients identified with de novo missense variants affecting Lys31, Pro32, Arg35, Leu37, Arg40 (recurrent), Arg45 (recurrent), Tyr98 (recurrent). All individuals had ID/dev delay. Additional phenotypes in some but not all individuals included epilepsy, hypotonia, facial dysmorphism. Most had reduced birth length, OFC, weight (-1 to -3SD). A zebrafish model has developmental defects. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.11103 | HIST1H4D |
Paul De Fazio gene: HIST1H4D was added gene: HIST1H4D was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: HIST1H4D was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Publications for gene: HIST1H4D were set to 35202563 Phenotypes for gene: HIST1H4D were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder, HIST1H4D-related MONDO:0700092 Review for gene: HIST1H4D was set to AMBER gene: HIST1H4D was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: Single individual described with a de novo missense variant Arg41His (Arg40 in H4 nomenclature). Apart from language delay and moderate ID, phenotypes included facial dysmorphisms and cochlear abnormalities and arhinencephaly on MRI. Hearing was normal. Birth length, OFC, weight were all reduced (-2 to -2.5SD). A zebrafish model has developmental defects. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.11103 | HIST1H4C | Paul De Fazio edited their review of gene: HIST1H4C: Changed phenotypes: Tessadori-van Haaften neurodevelopmental syndrome 1 MIM#619758, Neurodevelopmental disorder, HIST1H4C related MONDO:0700092 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.11103 | HIST1H4C | Paul De Fazio edited their review of gene: HIST1H4C: Changed phenotypes: Tessadori-van Haaften neurodevelopmental syndrome 1 MIM#619758, Neurodevelopmental disorder,HIST1H4C related MONDO:0700092 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.11102 | HIST1H4F | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: HIST1H4F were changed from Neurodevelopmental disorders to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, HIST1H4F-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.11100 | NRCAM | Alison Yeung Phenotypes for gene: NRCAM were changed from neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092 to neurodevelopmental disorder, NRCAM-related, MONDO:0700092 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.11097 | HIST1H4F |
Elena Savva gene: HIST1H4F was added gene: HIST1H4F was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: HIST1H4F was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Publications for gene: HIST1H4F were set to PMID: 35202563 Phenotypes for gene: HIST1H4F were set to Neurodevelopmental disorders Review for gene: HIST1H4F was set to AMBER Added comment: PMID: 35202563 - single de novo missense in a patient with neurodevelopmental features of intellectual disability and motor and/or gross developmental delay. - zebrafish studies show a significant increase in all of mild dev delay, necrosis, defective organogenesis and pre-gastrulation failure Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.11096 | HIST1H4I | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: HIST1H4I were changed from Neurodevelopmental syndrome to Neurodevelopmental syndrome, MONDO:0700092, HIST1H4I-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.11092 | CRLS1 |
Michelle Torres gene: CRLS1 was added gene: CRLS1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: CRLS1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: CRLS1 were set to 35147173 Phenotypes for gene: CRLS1 were set to Mitochondrial disease MONDO:0044970 CRLS1-related Added comment: - Three families (4 individuals) with cardiolipin deficiency. - Two families (one consanguineous with 2 affected siblings) with homozygous the p.(Ile109Asn) had infantile progressive encephalopathy, bull’s eye maculopathy, auditory neuropathy, diabetes insipidus, autonomic instability, cardiac defects and early death. - The fourth individual cHet p.(Ala172Asp) and p.(Leu217Phe) presented with chronic encephalopathy with neurodevelopmental regression, congenital nystagmus with decreased vision, sensorineural hearing loss, failure to thrive and acquired microcephaly. - Functional studies on patient cells showed increased levels of the substrate of CRLS1 and impaired mitochondrial morphology and biogenesis Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.11092 | HIST1H4I |
Elena Savva gene: HIST1H4I was added gene: HIST1H4I was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: HIST1H4I was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Publications for gene: HIST1H4I were set to PMID: 35202563 Phenotypes for gene: HIST1H4I were set to Neurodevelopmental syndrome Review for gene: HIST1H4I was set to GREEN Added comment: PMID: 35202563 - 3 unrelated de novo patients, p.His75Arg was recurring and observed in 2/3 probands. - Zebrafish study shows both variants resulted in a significant increases in developmental issues such as in mild dev delay, necrosis and defective organogenesis. - All patients had intellectual disability and motor and/or gross developmental delay and dysmorphisms. - 2/3 patients showed bilateral conductive hearing loss Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.11091 | TIAM1 |
Alison Yeung gene: TIAM1 was added gene: TIAM1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: TIAM1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: TIAM1 were set to https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2022.01.020 Phenotypes for gene: TIAM1 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder, TIAM1-related, MONDO:0700092 Review for gene: TIAM1 was set to GREEN Added comment: Reported in 4 unrelated individuals. Phenotype of developmental delay/intellectual disability and seizures. Loss of ortholog in Drosophila reduces the survival rate, and the surviving adults exhibit climbing defects, are prone to severe seizures, and have a short lifespan. Functional studies in 3 variants from two probands showed loss of function. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.11089 | EHD1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: EHD1 was added gene: EHD1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: EHD1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: EHD1 were set to 35149593 Phenotypes for gene: EHD1 were set to Inherited renal tubular disease, MONDO:0015962, EHD1-related Review for gene: EHD1 was set to AMBER Added comment: Six individuals (5-33 years) with proteinuria and a high-frequency hearing deficit reported with the homozygous missense variant c.1192C>T (p.R398W) in EHD1. Proteinuria (0.7-2.1 g/d) consisted predominantly of low molecular weight proteins, reflecting impaired renal proximal tubular endocytosis of filtered proteins. Ehd1 knockout and Ehd1R398W/R398W knockin mice also showed a high-frequency hearing deficit and impaired receptor-mediated endocytosis in proximal tubules, and a zebrafish model showed impaired ability to reabsorb low molecular weight dextran. Single founder variant but two animal models, hence Amber Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.11078 | AP3D1 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: AP3D1: Added comment: Now four affected individuals from two unrelated families, with a mouse model that recapitulates the human phenotype.; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed publications: 26744459, 9697856, 30472485; Changed phenotypes: Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome 10, MIM# 617050, Oculocutaneous albinism, Severe neutropaenia, Recurrent infections, Seizures, Hearing loss, Neurodevelopmental delay | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.11076 | PPP2R3C |
Zornitza Stark gene: PPP2R3C was added gene: PPP2R3C was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: PPP2R3C was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: PPP2R3C were set to 30893644; 34714774; 34750818 Phenotypes for gene: PPP2R3C were set to Gonadal dysgenesis, dysmorphic facies, retinal dystrophy, and myopathy, OMIM # 618419 Review for gene: PPP2R3C was set to GREEN Added comment: Gonadal dysgenesis, dysmorphic facies, retinal dystrophy, and myopathy (GDRM) is characterized by 46,XY complete gonadal dysgenesis in association with extragonadal anomalies, low birth weight, typical facial gestalt, rod and cone dystrophy, sensorineural hearing loss, omphalocele, anal atresia, renal agenesis, skeletal abnormalities, dry and scaly skin, severe myopathy, and neuromotor delay. 11 unrelated families with syndromic complete gonadal dysgenesis. 9 families had 46,XY females with complete gonadal dysgenesis, but 2 families had 46,XX patients with hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, nonvisualized gonads, primary amenorrhea, and absence of secondary sexual characteristics. Variants segregated with disease in each family and were not found in ethnically matched controls or in public variant databases. The heterozygous fathers exhibited morphologic abnormalities of spermatozoa and reduced fertility. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.11071 | CDX2 | Chirag Patel edited their review of gene: CDX2: Added comment: 9 families, with heterozygous variants identified with WES, presenting with congenital abnormalities affecting the development of the anus, the renal and urogenital system, the vertebrae and/or the limbs in varying sequences and severity (incl. sirenomelia and persistent cloaca). A recurrent pathogenic missense variant in the HOX domain of the protein p.(Arg237His) was found in 3 unrelated families. In the mouse cdx2 is essential for anteroposterior patterning of embryonal axis and morphogenesis of cloacal structures. Cdx2 heterozygous conditional mutant mice show a variable phenotype (including imperforate anus, sirenomelia, posterior vertebral truncations, and bladder anomalies).; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed publications: PMID: 29177441, 34671974; Changed phenotypes: Congenital abnormalities of anus, renal and urogenital system, vertebrae and/or the limbs; Set current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.11071 | CHKA |
Konstantinos Varvagiannis gene: CHKA was added gene: CHKA was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: CHKA was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: CHKA were set to 35202461 Phenotypes for gene: CHKA were set to Abnormal muscle tone; Global developmental delay; Intellectual disability; Seizures; Microcephaly; Abnormality of movement; Abnormality of nervous system morphology; Short stature Penetrance for gene: CHKA were set to Complete Review for gene: CHKA was set to GREEN Added comment: Klöckner (2022 - PMID: 35202461) describe the phenotype of 6 individuals (from 5 unrelated families) harboring biallelic CHKA variants. Shared features incl. abnormal muscle tone(6/6 - hypertonia or hypotonia, 3/6 each), DD/ID (6/6,severe in 4, severe/profound in 2), epilepsy (6/6 - onset: infancy - 3y2m | epileptic spasms or GS at onset), microcephaly (6/6), movement disorders (3/6 - incl. dyskinesia, rigidity, choreoatetotic movements). 2/5 individuals exhibited MRI abnormalities, notably hypomyelination. Short stature was observed in 4/6. Eventual previous genetic testing was not discussed. Exome sequencing (quattro ES for 2 sibs, trio ES for 1 individual, singleton for 3 probands) revealed biallelic CHKA variants in all affected individuals. Sanger sequencing was performed for confirmation and segregation studies. Other variants (in suppl.) were not deemed to be causative for the neurodevelopmental phenotype. 3 different missense, 1 start-loss and 1 truncating variant were identified, namely (NM_0012772.2): - c.421C>T/p.(Arg141Trp) [3 hmz subjects from 2 consanguineous families], - c.580C>T/p.Pro194Ser [1 hmz individual born to consanguineous parents], - c.2T>C/p.(Met1?) [1 hmz individual born to related parents], - c.14dup/p.(Cys6Leufs*19) in trans with c.1021T>C/p.(Phe341Leu) in 1 individual. CHKA encodes choline kinase alpha, an enzyme catalyzing the first step of phospholipid synthesis in the Kennedy pathway. The pathway is involved in de novo synthesis of glycerophospholipids, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine being the most abundant in eukaryotic membranes. CHKA with its paralog (CHKB) phosphorylates either choline or ethanolamine to phosphocholine or phosphoethanolamine respectively with conversion of ATP to ADP. As the authors comment, biallelic pathogenic variants in CHKB cause a NDD with muscular dystrophy, hypotonia, ID, microcephaly and structural mitochondrial anomalies (MIM 602541). [Prominent mitochondrial patterning was observed in a single muscle biopsy available from an individual with biallelic CHKA variants]. Other disorders of the Kennedy pathway (due to biallelic PCYT2, SELENOI, PCYT1A variants) present with overlapping features incl. variable DD/ID (no-severe), microcephaly, seizures, visual impairment etc. CHKA variants were either absent or observed once in gnomAD, affected highly conserved AAs with multiple in silico predictions in favor of a deleterious effect. In silico modeling suggests structural effects for several of the missense variants (Arg141Trp, Pro194Ser presumably affect ADP binding, Phe341 lying close to the binding site of phosphocholine). Each of the missense variants was expressed in yeast cells and W. Blot suggested expression at the expected molecular weight at comparative levels. The 3 aforementioned variants exhibited reduced catalytic activity (20%, 15%, 50% respectively). NMD is thought to underly the deleterious effect of the frameshift one (not studied). The start-loss variant is expected to result in significantly impaired expression and protein function as eventual utilization of the next possible start codon - occurring at position 123 - would remove 26% of the protein. Chka(-/-) is embryonically lethal in mice, suggesting that complete loss is not compatible with life. Reduction of choline kinase activity by 30% in heterozygous mice did not appear to result in behavioral abnormalities although this was not studied in detail (PMID cited: 18029352). Finally, screening of 1566 mouse lines identified 198 genes whose disruption yields neuroanatomical phenotypes, Chka(+/-) mice being among these (PMID cited: 31371714). There is no associated phenotype in OMIM, Gene2Phenotype or SysID. Overall this gene can be considered for inclusion in the ID and epilepsy panes with green or amber rating (>3 individuals, >3 variants, variant studies, overlapping phenotype of disorders belonging to the same pathway, etc). Consider also inclusion in the microcephaly panel (where available this seemed to be of postnatal onset). Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.11058 | AGO1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: AGO1 were changed from Intellectual disability; autism to Neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO:0700092, AGO1-related; non-syndromic ID and seizures | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.11012 | SERPINA7 | Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SERPINA7 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.11004 | SERPINA7 | Paul De Fazio reviewed gene: SERPINA7: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 34126618, 32266677, 17887925, 28553659, 29733970, 16947003; Phenotypes: Thyroxine-binding globulin QTL MIM#300932, Thyroxine-binding globulin deficiency; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males); Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10999 | TBK1 | Chern Lim reviewed gene: TBK1: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 25803835, 26581300; Phenotypes: Frontotemporal dementia and/or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 4 (MIM#616439), AD; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10993 | KIAA0391 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: KIAA0391 were changed from Mitochondrial disorder to Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 54, MIM# 619737 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10953 | FGF17 |
Ain Roesley changed review comment from: 31200363; 1x individual 31748124 3x unrelated individuals. 1 has p.48_52del and another variant in OTUD4 (no current mendelian disease association), 1x with Pro120Leu (5 hets in gnomAD) and 1x with Lys191Arg (55 hets in gnomad) 23643382 3x unrelated individuals, including 1 large consanguineous 10-generation French Canadian family. In this large family, 3 other variants in FGFR1, HS6ST1, and FLRT3 were identified. None of the other affecteds carried the FGF17 variant Summary: 3x individuals with convincing evidence; to: PMID:31200363; 1x individual PMID:31748124 3x unrelated individuals. 1 has p.48_52del and another variant in OTUD4 (no current mendelian disease association), 1x with Pro120Leu (5 hets in gnomAD) and 1x with Lys191Arg (55 hets in gnomad) PMID:23643382 3x unrelated individuals, including 1 large consanguineous 10-generation French Canadian family. In this large family, 3 other variants in FGFR1, HS6ST1, and FLRT3 were identified. None of the other affecteds carried the FGF17 variant Summary: 3x individuals with convincing evidence |
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| Mendeliome v0.10953 | ZFYVE26 |
Ain Roesley changed review comment from: Genereviews: >70 individuals reported; to: Genereviews: >70 individuals reported. While onset of spasticity is typically in mid- to late childhood or adolescence (i.e., between ages 5 and 18 years), other manifestations, such as developmental delay or learning disability, may be present earlier, often preceding motor involvement. Individuals with adult onset have also been reported. |
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| Mendeliome v0.10952 | POLRMT | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: POLRMT were changed from Mitochondrial disorder; intellectual disability; hypotonia to Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 55, MIM# 619743; intellectual disability; hypotonia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10951 | POLRMT | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: POLRMT: Changed phenotypes: Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 55, MIM# 619743, intellectual disability, hypotonia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10950 | BAG5 |
Zornitza Stark gene: BAG5 was added gene: BAG5 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: BAG5 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: BAG5 were set to 35044787 Phenotypes for gene: BAG5 were set to Cardiomyopathy, dilated, 2F, MIM# 619747 Review for gene: BAG5 was set to GREEN Added comment: 5 individuals from four unrelated families reported. All had early-onset disease, with the diagnosis being made in the second decade of life in 4 patients (families 1, 3, and 4) and at age 34 in 1 (family 2). Refractory ventricular arrhythmias (tachycardia or fibrillation), severely reduced left ventricular ejection fractions, elevated left ventricular diastolic dimensions, and elevated brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels reported. All developed severe heart failure requiring placement of a left ventricular assist device for circulatory support, and at least 1 underwent cardiac transplantation. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.10943 | SUMO1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: SUMO1 were changed from to Cleft lip and palate | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10940 | SUMO1 | Krithika Murali reviewed gene: SUMO1: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 25111678, 18983974, 22522387; Phenotypes: cleft lip and palate; Mode of inheritance: None | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10940 | THUMPD1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: THUMPD1 were changed from Syndromic form of intellectual disability associated with developmental delay, behavioral abnormalities, hearing loss and facial dysmorphism, AR to Syndromic disease, MONDO:0002254, THUMPD1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10932 | PPP3CA | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: PPP3CA were changed from to Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 91, MIM#617711; Arthrogryposis, cleft palate, craniosynostosis and impaired intellectual development, MIM#618265 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10926 | LDB3 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: LDB3 were changed from to Cardiomyopathy, dilated, 1C, with or without LVNC MIM#601493; Cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic, 24 MIM#601493; Left ventricular noncompaction 3 MIM#601493; Myopathy, myofibrillar, 4 MIM#609452 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10923 | PRSS12 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: PRSS12: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 12459588, 22090715, 23344636; Phenotypes: Intellectual disability, PRSS12 related MIM#249500; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10923 | PPP3CA | Chern Lim reviewed gene: PPP3CA: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: Other; Publications: PMID: 29432562, 32593294; Phenotypes: Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 91, MIM#617711, Arthrogryposis, cleft palate, craniosynostosis and impaired intellectual development, MIM#618265; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10923 | LDB3 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: LDB3: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 26419279, 16427346, 14660611, 14662268, 27546599, 25911362; Phenotypes: Cardiomyopathy, dilated, 1C, with or without LVNC MIM#601493, Cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic, 24 MIM#601493, Left ventricular noncompaction 3 MIM#601493, Myopathy, myofibrillar, 4 MIM#609452; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10921 | PAX5 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: PAX5 were changed from to Neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO:0700092, PAX5-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10917 | HYAL2 | Krithika Murali reviewed gene: HYAL2: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 34906488, 28081210, 23172227, 26515055; Phenotypes: Cleft lip and palate, cor triatriatum, congenital cardiac malformations; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10914 | RPL8 |
Bryony Thompson gene: RPL8 was added gene: RPL8 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: RPL8 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: RPL8 were set to 25424902; 34961992 Phenotypes for gene: RPL8 were set to Diamond-Blackfan anemia MONDO:0015253 Review for gene: RPL8 was set to AMBER Added comment: 2 unrelated DBA cases with de novo missense variants, and functional studies in lymphoblastoid cells and yeast models demonstrate the 2 missense variants are functionally deficient proteins that affect ribosome production. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.10900 | OBSCN | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: OBSCN were changed from Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy to Rhabdomyolysis MONDO:0005290, OBSCN-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10888 | MVD | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: MVD were changed from Porokeratosis 7, multiple types, MIM# 614714 to Porokeratosis 7, multiple types, MIM# 614714; Nonsyndromic genetic hearing loss MONDO:0019497, MVD-related, AR | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10880 | HMCN1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: HMCN1 were changed from to {Macular degeneration, age-related, 1} MIM#603075; age related macular degeneration 1 MONDO:0011285 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10870 | HMGB1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: HMGB1 were changed from Mirror image foot polydactyly; Developmental delay and microcephaly, no OMIM # to Mirror image foot polydactyly; Neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO:0700092, HMGB1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10863 | MVD | Paul De Fazio reviewed gene: MVD: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 34135477; Phenotypes: Nonsyndromic genetic hearing loss MONDO:0019497, MVD-related; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10853 | MPDZ | Paul De Fazio reviewed gene: MPDZ: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 34135477, 29026089; Phenotypes: Nonsyndromic genetic hearing loss MONDO:0019497, MPDZ-related; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10852 | ITSN1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ITSN1 were changed from Nephrotic syndrome to Nephrotic syndrome; Neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO:0700092, ITSN1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10849 | ITSN1 | Ee Ming Wong reviewed gene: ITSN1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID: 34707297; Phenotypes: neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO:0700092, ITSN1-related; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10849 | SEZ6 |
Paul De Fazio gene: SEZ6 was added gene: SEZ6 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SEZ6 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SEZ6 were set to 34135477 Phenotypes for gene: SEZ6 were set to Nonsyndromic genetic hearing loss MONDO:0019497, SEZ6-related Review for gene: SEZ6 was set to RED gene: SEZ6 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: Homozygous missense variant p.(Val698Ile) identified in 4 affected individuals from a single consanguineous Pakistani family by WES. 5 other genotyped unaffected individuals were heterozygous or homozygous wild-type. Variant is in gnomad (36 hets, 0 hom). RNA expression studies show the gene is expressed in the mouse inner ear, but no functional studies were performed on the variant (in silico analysis only). Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.10849 | COL4A6 | Lucy Spencer reviewed gene: COL4A6: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID: 33840813; Phenotypes: Hearing loss; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10847 | OBSCN | Ee Ming Wong reviewed gene: OBSCN: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID: 34957489; Phenotypes: Rhabdomyolysis MONDO:0005290, OBSCN-related; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10846 | ADAMTS1 |
Paul De Fazio gene: ADAMTS1 was added gene: ADAMTS1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ADAMTS1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: ADAMTS1 were set to 34135477 Phenotypes for gene: ADAMTS1 were set to Nonsyndromic genetic hearing loss MONDO:0019497, ADAMTS1-related Review for gene: ADAMTS1 was set to RED gene: ADAMTS1 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: Homozygous missense variant p.(Ser135Ala) identified in 3 affected siblings from a single consanguineous Pakistani family by WES. A fourth unaffected sibling was homozygous wild type. Variant is in gnomad (26 hets, 1 hom). RNA expression studies show the gene is expressed in the mouse inner ear, but no functional studies were performed on the variant (in silico analysis only). Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.10844 | ATP5O |
Ain Roesley gene: ATP5O was added gene: ATP5O was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ATP5O was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: ATP5O were set to 34954817 Phenotypes for gene: ATP5O were set to mitochondrial disease, ATP5F1E-related MONDO:0044970 Penetrance for gene: ATP5O were set to Complete Review for gene: ATP5O was set to RED gene: ATP5O was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: Now known as ATP5PO (HGNC) 1 compound het individual with dev delay, muscular hypotonia, ID, dystonia, seizures and neurologic regression Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.10843 | TMEM53 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: TMEM53 were changed from Sclerosing bone disorder, macrocephaly, impaired vision, short stature to Primary bone dysplasia MONDO:0018230, TMEM53-related; Sclerosing bone disorder, macrocephaly, impaired vision, short stature | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10842 | MAN2C1 | Alison Yeung Phenotypes for gene: MAN2C1 were changed from neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO:0700092 MAN2C1-related to neurodevelopmental disorder, MAN2C1-related, MONDO:0700092 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10840 | SLC38A3 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: SLC38A3 were changed from developmental epileptic encephalopathy, SLC38A3-related MONDO:0100062 to Developmental epileptic encephalopathy MONDO:0100062, SLC38A3-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10838 | ARSK | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ARSK were changed from Mucopolysaccharidosis to Mucopolysaccharidosis MONDO:0019249, ARSK-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10836 | SLC38A3 |
Ain Roesley gene: SLC38A3 was added gene: SLC38A3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC38A3 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SLC38A3 were set to 34605855 Phenotypes for gene: SLC38A3 were set to developmental epileptic encephalopathy, SLC38A3-related MONDO:0100062 Review for gene: SLC38A3 was set to GREEN gene: SLC38A3 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: 7 families 6 of whom are consanguineous but unique variants in all of them Acquired microcephaly noted (8/10 with <-2 SD, 5/10 <-3 SD) 10/10 with axial hopotonia, absent speech, GDD/ID 9/10 with visual impairment 8/10 with seizures 8/10 with peripheral hypertonia Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.10836 | FZR1 |
Alison Yeung gene: FZR1 was added gene: FZR1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: FZR1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: FZR1 were set to 34788397 Phenotypes for gene: FZR1 were set to Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, FZR1-related, MONDO:0100062 Review for gene: FZR1 was set to GREEN Added comment: >3 unrelated individuals reported with de novo missense variants. Functional studies in Drosophila demonstrate missense variants cause LOF. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.10835 | MAN2C1 |
Michelle Torres gene: MAN2C1 was added gene: MAN2C1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: MAN2C1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: MAN2C1 were set to 35045343 Phenotypes for gene: MAN2C1 were set to neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO:0700092 MAN2C1-related Review for gene: MAN2C1 was set to GREEN Added comment: Six individuals from four different families, including two fetuses, exhibiting dysmorphic facial features, congenital anomalies such as tongue hamartoma, variable degrees of intellectual disability, and brain anomalies including polymicrogyria, interhemispheric cysts, hypothalamic hamartoma, callosal anomalies, and hypoplasia of brainstem and cerebellar vermis. Variants include PTC and missense. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.10835 | ARSK |
Paul De Fazio gene: ARSK was added gene: ARSK was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ARSK was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: ARSK were set to 34916232; 32856704 Phenotypes for gene: ARSK were set to Mucopolysaccharidosis Review for gene: ARSK was set to GREEN gene: ARSK was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: 4 individuals from 2 unrelated consanguineous families (Turkish and Indian) reported with a homozygous missense and an NMD-predicted nonsense variant. Affected individuals had features of mucopolysaccharidosis such as short stature, coarse facial features and dysostosis multiplex. Urinary GAG excretion was normal by conventional methods, but LC-MS/MS in 2 individuals revealed an increase in specific dermatan sulfate-derived disaccharides. Functional studies showed reduced protein levels and reduced enzyme activity for the nonsense and missense variant respectively. A mouse model also shows a mucopolysaccharidosis phenotype, albeit milder. Rated green (2 families, functional evidence, mouse model). Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.10835 | FRA10AC1 | Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Conclusion of this study was that FRA10A is likely a benign folate-sensitive fragile site.; to: PMID 15203205: Conclusion of this study was that FRA10A is likely a benign folate-sensitive fragile site. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10835 | FRA10AC1 |
Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: FRA10AC1: Added comment: PMID 34694367: 5 individuals from 3 unrelated families reported. Variable ID, possibly related to variant type with LoF variants associated with more severe ID. All individuals had microcephaly, hypoplasia or agenesis of the corpus callosum, growth retardation, and craniofacial dysmorphism.; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed publications: 15203205, 34694367; Changed phenotypes: Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, FRA10AC1-related; Changed mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal |
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| Mendeliome v0.10823 | HMCN1 | Paul De Fazio reviewed gene: HMCN1: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 25986072, 16020313, 14570714, 27007659; Phenotypes: {Macular degeneration, age-related, 1} MIM#603075, age related macular degeneration 1 MONDO:0011285; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10812 | PDHX |
Ain Roesley changed review comment from: >10 unrelated probands reported PDHX c.1336C>T (p.Arg446Ter) is a Roma founder variant; c.1182+2T>C (p.Ile386SerfsTer13) is a Moroccan founder variant.; to: established gene-disease association PDHX c.1336C>T (p.Arg446Ter) is a Roma founder variant; c.1182+2T>C (p.Ile386SerfsTer13) is a Moroccan founder variant. |
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| Mendeliome v0.10809 | SHANK1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: SHANK1 were changed from Neurodevelopmental disorder, no OMIM# to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, SHANK1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10808 | SHANK1 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: SHANK1: Changed phenotypes: Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092, SHANK1-related | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10806 | ACP5 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ACP5 were changed from to Spondyloenchondrodysplasia with immune dysregulation, OMIM# 607944 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10795 | ACP5 | Alison Yeung reviewed gene: ACP5: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 26854080, 26951490, 21217755, 26789720, 2363422, 21217752; Phenotypes: spondyloenchondrodysplasia with immune dysregulation, OMIM# 607944; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10793 | CHP1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: CHP1 was added gene: CHP1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: CHP1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: CHP1 were set to 29379881; 32787936 Phenotypes for gene: CHP1 were set to Spastic ataxia 9, autosomal recessive, MIM #618438 Review for gene: CHP1 was set to GREEN Added comment: 2 different consanguineous families with 2 affected siblings with ataxia (1 paediatric onset, 1 adult onset). 3 of the patients had cerebellar atrophy. WES identified homozygous variants in CHP1 gene in both families (K19del and Arg91Cys), which segregated with the disorder in the family. Decreased CHP1 protein on IHC of cerebellar tissue in family with Arg91Cys variant. In vitro functional expression studies in HEK293 cells showed that the K19del mutation resulted in decreased protein expression, with normal levels of transcript, suggesting defects in protein stability. The mutant protein formed massive protein aggregates in transfected neuronal cell bodies and neurite-like projections, whereas the wildtype protein showed a more uniform distribution. The mutant protein altered CHP1 association into functional complexes and impaired membrane localization of the Na+/H+ transporter NHE1. The findings indicated that the CHP1 mutation likely causes ataxia in an NHE1-dependent manner, resembling the mechanism observed in the Chp1 vacillator mutant mouse. Sources: Expert Review |
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| Mendeliome v0.10784 | CAMK2G |
Zornitza Stark gene: CAMK2G was added gene: CAMK2G was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: CAMK2G was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: CAMK2G were set to 30184290; 23033978 Phenotypes for gene: CAMK2G were set to Mental retardation, autosomal dominant 59, MIM# 618522 Review for gene: CAMK2G was set to AMBER Added comment: Two unrelated individuals reported with de novo (p.Arg292Pro) variant. Functional data suggests GoF. Sources: Expert Review |
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| Mendeliome v0.10776 | CYP2C8 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: CYP2C8 were changed from to {Drug metabolism, altered, CYP2C8-related} 618018 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10774 | CYP2C8 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: CYP2C8: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: {Drug metabolism, altered, CYP2C8-related} 618018; Mode of inheritance: None | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10766 | GDI1 | Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: GDI1 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10764 | NECTIN1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: NECTIN1 were changed from to Cleft lip/palate-ectodermal dysplasia syndrome MIM#225060; Zlotogora-Ogur syndrome | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10758 | IKZF2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: IKZF2 was added gene: IKZF2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: IKZF2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: IKZF2 were set to 34920454 Phenotypes for gene: IKZF2 were set to Immune dysregulation Review for gene: IKZF2 was set to GREEN Added comment: Six individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus, immune thrombocytopenia or EBV-associated haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis reported with variants in this gene. Patients exhibited hypogammaglobulinaemia, decreased number of T-follicular helper and NK-cells. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.10757 | RHBDF2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: RHBDF2 were changed from to Tylosis with esophageal cancer, MIM# 148500; Immune dysregulation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10754 | RHBDF2 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: RHBDF2: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 22265016, 22638770, 34937930; Phenotypes: Tylosis with esophageal cancer, MIM# 148500, Immune dysregulation; Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10754 | GDI1 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: GDI1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 28863211, 22002931, 9620768, 9668174; Phenotypes: Intellectual developmental disorder, X-linked 41 MIM#300849; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males); Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10750 | BET1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: BET1 was added gene: BET1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: BET1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: BET1 were set to 34779586 Phenotypes for gene: BET1 were set to Muscular dystrophy; Epilepsy Review for gene: BET1 was set to AMBER Added comment: Three individuals from 2 unrelated families reported. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.10749 | NECTIN1 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: NECTIN1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 25913853, 10932188; Phenotypes: Cleft lip/palate-ectodermal dysplasia syndrome MIM#225060, Zlotogora-Ogur syndrome; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10740 | STT3A | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: STT3A were changed from Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Iw MIM#615596 to Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Iw, AR, OMIM #615596; Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Iw, autosomal dominant, MIM# 619714 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10732 | ILK | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ILK were changed from to Dilated cardiomyopathy | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10728 | ILK | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: ILK: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Dilated cardiomyopathy; Mode of inheritance: None | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10680 | OTUD6B | Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: IDDFSDA is a severe multisystem disorder characterized by global developmental delay, microcephaly, absent speech, hypotonia, growth retardation with prenatal onset, feeding difficulties, structural brain abnormalities, congenital malformations including congenital heart disease, and musculoskeletal features. In 2017, 12 patients from 6 unrelated families with IDDFSDA identified with 4 homozygous mutations in the OTUD6B gene (WES and Sanger, and segregated with the disorder in the families). Other cases reported since. Suitable for fetal anomalies panel.; to: IDDFSDA is a severe multisystem disorder characterized by global developmental delay, microcephaly, absent speech, hypotonia, growth retardation with prenatal onset, feeding difficulties, structural brain abnormalities, congenital malformations including congenital heart disease, and musculoskeletal features. In 2017, 12 patients from 6 unrelated families with IDDFSDA identified with 4 homozygous mutations in the OTUD6B gene (WES and Sanger, and segregated with the disorder in the families). Other cases reported since. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10652 | YAP1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: YAP1 were changed from to Coloboma, ocular, with or without hearing impairment, cleft lip/palate, and/or mental retardation, MIM#120433 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10649 | YAP1 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: YAP1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 24462371, 27267789, 28801591; Phenotypes: Coloboma, ocular, with or without hearing impairment, cleft lip/palate, and/or mental retardation, MIM#120433; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10643 | ILK | Paul De Fazio reviewed gene: ILK: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 17646580, 27886618, 25163546; Phenotypes: Dilated cardiomyopathy; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10643 | DYNC1I1 |
Krithika Murali gene: DYNC1I1 was added gene: DYNC1I1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review,Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: DYNC1I1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: DYNC1I1 were set to 22914741; 25231166; 32219838 Phenotypes for gene: DYNC1I1 were set to Split-hand/split-foot malformation (SHFM) Review for gene: DYNC1I1 was set to GREEN Added comment: Gene disease association reviewed in Sept 2021 - no new publications. At least 6 unrelated families with overlapping deletions that included exons 15 and 17 of DYNC1I1. Exons 15 and 17 have previously been shown to act as tissue-specific enhancers of Dlx5/6 in mouse and zebrafish. No SNVs reported in association with disease. Sources: Expert Review, Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.10643 | TBX22 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: TBX22 were changed from to Cleft palate with ankyloglossia, MIM# 303400; Abruzzo-Erickson syndrome, MIM# 302905 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10640 | TBX22 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: TBX22: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 11559848, 12374769, 14729838, 17868388, 22784330, 22784330; Phenotypes: Cleft palate with ankyloglossia, MIM# 303400, Abruzzo-Erickson syndrome, MIM# 302905; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10637 | ANAPC7 |
Zornitza Stark gene: ANAPC7 was added gene: ANAPC7 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ANAPC7 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: ANAPC7 were set to 34942119 Phenotypes for gene: ANAPC7 were set to Ferguson-Bonni neurodevelopmental syndrome, MIM# 619699 Review for gene: ANAPC7 was set to AMBER Added comment: 11 individuals of Amish heritage reported homozygous for an intragenic deletion. Clinical features included ID, hypotonia, deafness in 5, relatively small head size (but microcephaly only in 1), and occasional congenital anomalies. Supportive mouse model. Amber rating in light of this being a founder variant. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.10633 | DLX5 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: A homozygous missense mutation (Q178P) was identified in 2 affected sisters from a consanguineous Yemeni family with split-hand/foot malformation and hearing loss, who had no detectable chromosomal aberration, Shamseldin et al. (2012). A heterozygosity missense mutation (Q186H) was identified in a 31-year-old Chinese woman with SHFM, Wang et al. (2014). A heterozygosity nonsense mutationIn (E39X) was identified in the probands from 2 unrelated Polish families with isolated SHFM, Sowinska-Seidler et al. (2014). Animal model evidence - mouse; to: A homozygous missense mutation (Q178P) was identified in 2 affected sisters from a consanguineous Yemeni family with split-hand/foot malformation and hearing loss, who had no detectable chromosomal aberration, Shamseldin et al. (2012). A heterozygosity missense mutation (Q186H) was identified in a 31-year-old Chinese woman with SHFM, Wang et al. (2014). A heterozygosity nonsense mutationIn (E39X) was identified in the probands from 2 unrelated Polish families with isolated SHFM, Sowinska-Seidler et al. (2014). Animal model evidence - mouse Green for mono-allelic, Amber for bi-allelic. |
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| Mendeliome v0.10617 | RNF220 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: RNF220 were changed from Leukodystrophy; CNS hypomyelination; Ataxia; Intellectual disability; Sensorineural hearing impairment; Elevated hepatic transaminases; Hepatic fibrosis; Dilated cardiomyopathy; Spastic paraplegia; Dysarthria; Abnormality of the corpus callosum to Leukodystrophy, hypomyelinating, 23, with ataxia, deafness, liver dysfunction, and dilated cardiomyopathy, MIM# 619688; Leukodystrophy; CNS hypomyelination; Ataxia; Intellectual disability; Sensorineural hearing impairment; Elevated hepatic transaminases; Hepatic fibrosis; Dilated cardiomyopathy; Spastic paraplegia; Dysarthria; Abnormality of the corpus callosum | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10616 | RNF220 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: RNF220: Changed phenotypes: Leukodystrophy, hypomyelinating, 23, with ataxia, deafness, liver dysfunction, and dilated cardiomyopathy, MIM# 619688, Leukodystrophy, CNS hypomyelination, Ataxia, Intellectual disability, Sensorineural hearing impairment, Elevated hepatic transaminases, Hepatic fibrosis, Dilated cardiomyopathy, Spastic paraplegia, Dysarthria, Abnormality of the corpus callosum | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10591 | HNRNPH2 | Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: HNRNPH2 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10570 | HNRNPH2 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: HNRNPH2: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 34907471, 33728377, 31670473, 31236915, 30887513; Phenotypes: Intellectual developmental disorder, X-linked, syndromic, Bain type MIM#300986; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males); Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10570 | CRACR2A | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: CRACR2A were changed from Late onset combined immunodeficiency to primary immunodeficiency disease, MONDO:0003778, CRACR2A-associated; Late onset combined immunodeficiency | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10564 | PRDM13 | Zornitza Stark Added comment: Comment when marking as ready: Bi-allelic variants: Recessive disease causing ID and DSD described in three reportedly unrelated families (2 consanguineous), but all are from Malta, and all share the same 13bp deletion spanning an exon-intron boundary. Mouse KO is embryonically lethal, and tissue specific KO failed to replicate many of the patients phenotypes, other than hypoplasia of the cerebellar vermis and hemispheres at P21. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10561 | CCND2 | Alison Yeung Phenotypes for gene: CCND2 were changed from to Neurodevelopmental disorder, CCND2-related MONDO: 0700092; Microcephaly, MONDO: 0001149; Megalencephaly-polymicrogyria-polydactyly-hydrocephalus syndrome 3, MIM# 615938 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10558 | RPL10L | Alison Yeung Added comment: Comment on list classification: heterozygous variants in three unrelated patients presenting with azoospermia. Given the common phenotype, need a few more cases to convert to green list. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10554 | PPIA |
Naomi Baker gene: PPIA was added gene: PPIA was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: PPIA was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: PPIA were set to PMID: 34972208 Phenotypes for gene: PPIA were set to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, MONDO:0004976 Review for gene: PPIA was set to RED Added comment: Paper characterizes a knockout mouse model that recapitulates key features of ALS-FTD. Also identified a heterozygous missense variant in one patient with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Functional studies of the missense variant suggest loss-of-function. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.10553 | DNHD1 |
Daniel Flanagan gene: DNHD1 was added gene: DNHD1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: DNHD1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: DNHD1 were set to 34932939 Phenotypes for gene: DNHD1 were set to Male infertility due to sperm motility disorder (MONDO:0018395) Review for gene: DNHD1 was set to GREEN Added comment: Biallelic DNHD1 variants identified in 8 unrelated probands with asthenoteratozoospermia, reduced sperm motility and abnormal sperm morphology. DNHD1 knockout mice were infertile and had significantly reduced sperm concentration and motility rates, consistent with human individuals. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.10552 | CCND2 | Alison Yeung reviewed gene: CCND2: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 34087052; Phenotypes: Neurodevelopmental disorder, CCND2-related MONDO# 0700092, Microcephaly, MONDO# 0001149; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10552 | CRACR2A |
Dean Phelan gene: CRACR2A was added gene: CRACR2A was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: CRACR2A was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: CRACR2A were set to PMID:34908525 Phenotypes for gene: CRACR2A were set to Late onset combined immunodeficiency Review for gene: CRACR2A was set to AMBER Added comment: PMID:34908525 - one patient compound het (missense and PTC) with late onset combined immunodeficiency (current chest infections, panhypogammaglobulinemia and CD4+T cell lymphopenia). Functional studies showed defective JNK phosphorylation, defective SOCE and impaired cytokine production. Further search did not identify any additional publications. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.10542 | TBX2 |
Krithika Murali changed review comment from: Liu et al. (2018) reported 4 affected individuals from 2 unrelated families with congenital cardiac defects (ASD, PDA, double outlet right ventricle, pulmonary stenosis), skeletal abnormalities (camptodactyly, congenital fusion thoracic spine, hemivertebrae ).Thymus aplasia/hypoplasia, cleft palate also noted. Other associated features include - facial dysmorphisms, variable developmental delay, and endocrine system disorders (e.g. autoimmune hypothyroidism, hypoparathyroidism). PMID23727221 and PMID30223900 - TBX2 gene and TBX2 gene promoter sequencing in congenital heart disease cohorts versus controls - not enough supportive evidence for variant pathogenicity, including no segregation data. Variants prevalent in population databases also included as likely pathogenic. PMID 20635360 - de novo dup 17q23.2 encompassing TBX2 gene in boy with cognitive impairment, multiple congenital defects and prenatal onset growth restriction. Part of BCAS3 gene (associated with autosomal recessive Hengel-Maroofian-Schols syndrome) also included in duplication. No supportive evidence of TBX2 gene function impairment in the patient provided.; to: Liu et al. (2018) reported 4 affected individuals from 2 unrelated families with congenital cardiac defects (ASD, PDA, double outlet right ventricle, pulmonary stenosis), skeletal abnormalities (camptodactyly, congenital fusion thoracic spine, hemivertebrae ).Thymus aplasia/hypoplasia, cleft palate also noted. Other associated features include - facial dysmorphisms, variable developmental delay, and endocrine system disorders (e.g. autoimmune hypothyroidism, hypoparathyroidism). PMID23727221 and PMID30223900 - TBX2 gene and TBX2 gene promoter sequencing in congenital heart disease cohorts versus controls - not enough supportive evidence for variant pathogenicity, including no segregation data. Variants prevalent in population databases also included as potentially disease causing. PMID 20635360 - de novo dup 17q23.2 encompassing TBX2 gene in boy with cognitive impairment, multiple congenital defects and prenatal onset growth restriction. Part of BCAS3 gene (associated with autosomal recessive Hengel-Maroofian-Schols syndrome) also included in duplication. No supportive evidence of TBX2 gene function impairment in the patient provided. |
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| Mendeliome v0.10520 | PDK3 | Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PDK3 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10510 | NAA20 |
Zornitza Stark gene: NAA20 was added gene: NAA20 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: NAA20 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: NAA20 were set to 34230638 Phenotypes for gene: NAA20 were set to Intellectual disability; Microcephaly; Neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO:0700092 Review for gene: NAA20 was set to GREEN Added comment: 2 consanguineous families with 5 affected individuals with developmental delay, intellectual disability, and microcephaly (-2-4SD). Exome and genome sequencing identified 2 different homozygous variants in NAA20 gene (p.Met54Val and p.Ala80Val), and segregated with affected individuals. N-terminal acetyltransferases modify proteins by adding an acetyl moiety to the first amino acid and are vital for protein and cell function. The NatB complex acetylates 20% of the human proteome and is composed of the catalytic subunit NAA20 and the auxiliary subunit NAA25. Both NAA20-M54V and NAA20-A80V were impaired in their capacity to form a NatB complex with NAA25, and in vitro acetylation assays revealed reduced catalytic activities toward different NatB substrates. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.10509 | PLA2G7 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: PLA2G7 were changed from to Platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase deficiency MIM#614278 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10493 | PLA2G7 | Paul De Fazio reviewed gene: PLA2G7: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 3198761, 10733466, 25587968, 28406212; Phenotypes: Platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase deficiency MIM#614278; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10475 | FOXP3 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: FOXP3 were changed from to Immunodysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, and enteropathy, X-linked, 304790 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10472 | FOXP3 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: FOXP3: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 11295725, 11137993, 33668198, 33614561, 33330291, 32234571; Phenotypes: Immunodysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, and enteropathy, X-linked, 304790; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10440 | SIX5 | Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Multiple families reported.; to: Multiple families reported. However, association between SIX5 variants and BOR is DISPUTED by ClinGen: Association has been reported in at least 6 probands in 2 publications (17357085, 24429398), however the reported variants are high in frequency in population databases, have no evidence of pathogenicity, and/or an alternate cause of disease has later been reported (21280147). This gene-disease association is supported by protein interaction and biochemical function studies (14704431, 17357085, 11950062). While EYA1 and SIX1 gene inactivation in mice leads to ear and kidney abnormalities, two independent SIX5 mouse models have cataracts and no ear or kidney abnormalities (10802667, 10802668). In summary, there is convincing evidence disputing the association between SIX5 and autosomal dominant branchio-oto-renal syndrome. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10433 | SKI |
Seb Lunke changed review comment from: Well established gene disease association with craniosynostosis, skeletal, and cardiovascular anomalies, high-arched palate, micrognathia. Inguinal or umbilical hernia also described. Most common skeletal manifestations are arachnodactyly, pectus deformity, camptodactyly, scoliosis. LoF not fully established on only missense described so far. Some functional work suggest potential GoF for TGF beta signalling, but not conclusive. Not enough evidence so far to go against LoF.; to: Well established gene disease association with craniosynostosis, skeletal, and cardiovascular anomalies, high-arched palate, micrognathia. Inguinal or umbilical hernia also described. Most common skeletal manifestations are arachnodactyly, pectus deformity, camptodactyly, scoliosis. LoF not fully established as only missense described so far. Some functional work suggest potential GoF for TGF beta signalling, but not conclusive. Not enough evidence so far to go against LoF. |
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| Mendeliome v0.10433 | SKI |
Seb Lunke commented on gene: SKI: Well established gene disease association with craniosynostosis, skeletal, and cardiovascular anomalies, high-arched palate, micrognathia. Inguinal or umbilical hernia also described. Most common skeletal manifestations are arachnodactyly, pectus deformity, camptodactyly, scoliosis. LoF not fully established on only missense described so far. Some functional work suggest potential GoF for TGF beta signalling, but not conclusive. Not enough evidence so far to go against LoF. |
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| Mendeliome v0.10427 | TECRL |
Zornitza Stark gene: TECRL was added gene: TECRL was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: TECRL was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: TECRL were set to 17666061; 27861123; 30790670; 33367594 Phenotypes for gene: TECRL were set to Ventricular tachycardia, catecholaminergic polymorphic, 3, MIM# 614021 Review for gene: TECRL was set to GREEN Added comment: DEFINITIVE by ClinGen Homozygous or cpd heterozygous pathogenic variants in TECRL have been identified in patients with CPVT in at least 3 families in the literature with functional evidence. - 17666061 one consanguineous family with 4 affected relatives (siblings or 1stcousins) - 27861123 consanguineous family with 8 affected relatives (siblings or 1stcousins) - 30790670 reported in a single family with one child with features of CPVT -A multi-centre review published in 2020 provided an update on these cases and described two additional CPVT cases (homozygous p.Tyr197Ter nonsense variant and homozygous exon 2 deletion) and a family with three children with sudden cardiac death, where one was homozygous for the c.331+1G>A splice donor variant, PMID 33367594 Sources: Expert Review |
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| Mendeliome v0.10426 | CCDC115 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: CCDC115 were changed from to Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type IIo (MIM# 616828) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10423 | CCDC115 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: CCDC115: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 26833332; Phenotypes: Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type IIo (MIM# 616828); Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10405 | BRWD3 | Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: BRWD3 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10404 | BRWD3 | Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: More than 10 unrelated families reported, overgrowth, and in particular macrocephaly.; to: More than 10 unrelated families reported with ID, overgrowth, and in particular macrocephaly. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10404 | BRWD3 | Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: More than 10 unrelated families reported, overgrowth, and in particular macrocephaly reported.; to: More than 10 unrelated families reported, overgrowth, and in particular macrocephaly. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10404 | BRWD3 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: BRWD3: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 17668385, 30628072, 24462886; Phenotypes: Intellectual developmental disorder, X-linked 93, MIM # 300659; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10341 | FBLN5 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: FBLN5 were changed from to Cutis laxa, autosomal recessive, type IA, MIM#219100; Neuropathy, hereditary, with or without age-related macular degeneration (MIM#608895) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10338 | FBLN5 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: FBLN5: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 12618961, 3232707, 22829427, 11805835, 32757322, 31945625, 23328402, 28332470; Phenotypes: Cutis laxa, autosomal recessive, type IA, MIM#219100, Neuropathy, hereditary, with or without age-related macular degeneration (MIM#608895); Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10312 | GLI1 |
Ain Roesley gene: GLI1 was added gene: GLI1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: GLI1 was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: GLI1 were set to 34721536; 31621941; 31549748; 30620395 Phenotypes for gene: GLI1 were set to Polydactyly, postaxial, type A8 MIM#618123; Polydactyly, preaxial I MIM#174400 Penetrance for gene: GLI1 were set to unknown Review for gene: GLI1 was set to GREEN gene: GLI1 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: >10 unrelated probands reported, both AD and AR reported Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.10291 | CRELD1 | Zornitza Stark commented on gene: CRELD1: Three families reported with heterozygous missense variants and heterotaxy phenotype. However, supporting evidence of pathogenicity for some of the variants is relatively weak. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10272 | USP53 | Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Another 7 unrelated families with cholestasis reported. Jaundice began at age <7 months. Cholestasis was transient, with documented resolution of hyperbilirubinaemia in all (oldest patient aged 5 years). One individual had deafness.; to: Another 11 unrelated families with cholestasis reported. Jaundice began at age <7 months. Cholestasis was transient, with documented resolution of hyperbilirubinaemia in all (oldest patient aged 15 years). Childhood-onset deafness reported in two families. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10250 | REL |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Second unrelated individual reported, homozygous splice site variant. Immunodeficiency-92 (IMD92) is an autosomal recessive primary immunodeficiency characterized by the onset of recurrent infections in infancy or early childhood. Infectious agents are broad, including bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic, including Cryptosporidium and Mycobacteria. Patient lymphocytes show defects in both T- and B-cell proliferation, cytokine secretion, and overall function, and there is also evidence of dysfunction of NK, certain antigen-presenting cells, and myeloid subsets.; to: Second unrelated individual reported, with a different homozygous splice site variant. Immunodeficiency-92 (IMD92) is an autosomal recessive primary immunodeficiency characterized by the onset of recurrent infections in infancy or early childhood. Infectious agents are broad, including bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic, including Cryptosporidium and Mycobacteria. Patient lymphocytes show defects in both T- and B-cell proliferation, cytokine secretion, and overall function, and there is also evidence of dysfunction of NK, certain antigen-presenting cells, and myeloid subsets. |
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| Mendeliome v0.10250 | REL |
Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: REL: Added comment: Second unrelated individual reported, homozygous splice site variant. Immunodeficiency-92 (IMD92) is an autosomal recessive primary immunodeficiency characterized by the onset of recurrent infections in infancy or early childhood. Infectious agents are broad, including bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic, including Cryptosporidium and Mycobacteria. Patient lymphocytes show defects in both T- and B-cell proliferation, cytokine secretion, and overall function, and there is also evidence of dysfunction of NK, certain antigen-presenting cells, and myeloid subsets.; Changed rating: AMBER; Changed publications: 31103457, 34623332; Changed phenotypes: Immunodeficiency 92, MIM# 619652, Combined immunodeficiency, T cells: normal, decreased memory CD4, poor proliferation, B cells: low, mostly naive, few switched memory B cells, impaired proliferation, Recurrent infections with bacteria, mycobacteria, salmonella and opportunistic organisms, Defective innate immunity |
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| Mendeliome v0.10244 | SEMA7A |
Paul De Fazio changed review comment from: Koh et al 2006 (PMID:16372136) identified an association between common polymorphisms and decreased bone mineral density in 560 postmenopausal Korean women. Zhao et al 2020 (PMID:31650878) identified a heterozygous splice variant at -3 (absent from gnomad) in a young woman with Kallman syndrome. It was inherited from her father, who had retarded pubertal development but a normal sense of smell. Pan et al 2021 (PMID:34585848) identified a homozygous missense variant (gnomad: 107 hets 0 homs) in a child with progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis. Mouse knock-ins recapitulated the patient phenotype. Low evidence for association with disease.; to: Koh et al 2006 (PMID:16372136) identified an association between common polymorphisms and decreased bone mineral density in 560 postmenopausal Korean women. Zhao et al 2020 (PMID:31650878) identified a heterozygous splice variant at -3 (absent from gnomad) in a young woman with Kallman syndrome. It was inherited from her father, who had retarded pubertal development but a normal sense of smell. Pan et al 2021 (PMID:34585848) identified a homozygous missense variant (gnomad: 107 hets 0 homs) in a child with progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis. Homozygous mice recapitulated the patient phenotype. Rated amber due to 1 patient and mouse model in PMID:34585848. |
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| Mendeliome v0.10244 | SEMA7A |
Paul De Fazio changed review comment from: There is no conclusive evidence of association with monogenic disease for this gene. Koh et al 2006 (PMID:16372136) identified an association between common polymorphisms and decreased bone mineral density in 560 postmenopausal Korean women. Zhao et al 2020 (PMID:31650878) identified a heterozygous splice variant at -3 (absent from gnomad) in a young woman with Kallman syndrome. It was inherited from her father, who had retarded pubertal development but a normal sense of smell. Pan et al 2021 (PMID:34585848) identified a homozygous missense variant (gnomad: 107 hets 0 homs) in a child with progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis. Mouse knock-ins recapitulated the patient phenotype.; to: Koh et al 2006 (PMID:16372136) identified an association between common polymorphisms and decreased bone mineral density in 560 postmenopausal Korean women. Zhao et al 2020 (PMID:31650878) identified a heterozygous splice variant at -3 (absent from gnomad) in a young woman with Kallman syndrome. It was inherited from her father, who had retarded pubertal development but a normal sense of smell. Pan et al 2021 (PMID:34585848) identified a homozygous missense variant (gnomad: 107 hets 0 homs) in a child with progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis. Mouse knock-ins recapitulated the patient phenotype. Low evidence for association with disease. |
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| Mendeliome v0.10219 | FREM2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: FREM2 were changed from to Cryptophthalmos, unilateral or bilateral, isolated MIM#123570; Fraser syndrome 2 MIM#617666 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10206 | FREM2 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: FREM2: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 15838507, 18203166, 29688405, 33082983; Phenotypes: Cryptophthalmos, unilateral or bilateral, isolated MIM#123570, Fraser syndrome 2 MIM#617666; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10204 | KCND2 |
Eleanor Williams gene: KCND2 was added gene: KCND2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: KCND2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Publications for gene: KCND2 were set to 24501278; 16934482; 29581270; 34245260 Phenotypes for gene: KCND2 were set to global developmental delay, HP:0001263; seizure, HP:0001250 Mode of pathogenicity for gene: KCND2 was set to Other Review for gene: KCND2 was set to GREEN Added comment: 6 new unrelated cases with developmental delay reported in PMID: 34245260 (Zhang et al 2021), 3 of whom had seizures. All had heterozygous missense variants of KCND2 in sites known to be critical for channel gating (E323K, P403A, two individuals, V404L, two individuals and V404M). Functional studies suggest that these missense changes cause both a partial loss-of-function (LOF) and gain-of-function (GOF). The V404 change appears to increase epileptic seizure susceptibility with the 3 patients with a V404 change showing this phenotype. PMID:24501278 - Lee et al, 2014 - reports pair of monozygotic twin boys with infantile onset severe refractory epilepsy and autism. A de novo heterozygous missense variant was identified by WES - V404M. PMID: 29581270 - Lin et al, 2018 - performed functional work that shows V404M enhances inactivation of channels that have not yet opened and dramatically impairs the inactivation of channels that have opened. PMID:16934482 - Singh et al, 2006 - reports a patient with cognative impairment who also went on to have seizures starting from age 13 with a 5 bp deletion in KCND2 leading to premature stop codon. The proband's asymptomatic father also shared this variant. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.10194 | CHRNA3 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Five individuals from three unrelated families.; to: Five individuals from three unrelated families. Onset is in utero or early childhood. Affected individuals have impaired neuronal bladder and ureteral innervation causing coordination defects that result in secondary structural defects of the renal system, including hydronephrosis, vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), and small kidneys, that may result in chronic kidney disease as well as recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs). Surgical treatment of VUR is not effective. Most individuals also have additional autonomic features, most commonly impaired pupillary reflex and sometimes orthostatic hypotension. |
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| Mendeliome v0.10194 | CHD8 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: CHD8 were changed from to {Autism, susceptibility to, 18} 615032; CHD8-related neurodevelopmental syndrome | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10191 | CHD8 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: CHD8: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 31980904; Phenotypes: {Autism, susceptibility to, 18} 615032, CHD8-related neurodevelopmental syndrome; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10181 | ADCY5 |
Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: ADCY5: Added comment: Neurodevelopmental disorder with hyperkinetic movements and dyskinesia (NEDHYD) is an autosomal recessive complex neurologic disorder characterized by severe global developmental delay with axial hypotonia, impaired intellectual development, poor overall growth, and abnormal involuntary hyperkinetic movements, including dystonia, myoclonus, spasticity, and orofacial dyskinesia. It is the most severe manifestation of ADCY5-related dyskinetic disorders. Five individuals from 2 families reported. Autosomal recessive hyperkinetic movement disorder with dyskinesia, myoclonus, chorea, and dystonia-2 (HYDMCD2) is characterized by the onset of abnormal involuntary movements, mainly affecting the limbs and causing walking difficulties, in the first decade. The severity is variable; some patients have orofacial dyskinesia, resulting in speech difficulties, or develop neuropsychiatric features, including anxiety and social withdrawal. Cardiomyopathy has rarely been described and may be a manifestation of the disorder. Eight individuals from 2 families reported.; Changed publications: 22782511, 24700542, 33051786, 32647899, 33704598, 34631954, 28971144, 30975617; Changed phenotypes: Dyskinesia, familial, with facial myokymia, MIM# 606703, MONDO:0011707, Hyperkinetic movement disorder with dyskinesia, myoclonus, chorea, and dystonia-2 (HYDMCD2), MIM#619647, Neurodevelopmental disorder with hyperkinetic movements and dyskinesia (NEDHYD), MIM#619651; Changed mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal |
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| Mendeliome v0.10174 | AGRP | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: AGRP were changed from to {Leanness, inherited} 601665; {Obesity, late-onset} 601665 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10172 | AGRP | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: AGRP: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: {Leanness, inherited} 601665, {Obesity, late-onset} 601665; Mode of inheritance: None | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10172 | C1QBP | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: C1QBP were changed from to Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 33, MIM# 617713 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10169 | C1QBP | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: C1QBP: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 28942965; Phenotypes: Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 33, MIM# 617713; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10160 | EBP | Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: EBP was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10159 | EBP | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: EBP: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Chondrodysplasia punctata, X-linked dominant MIM#302960, Conradi-Hunermann syndrome, MEND syndrome, MIM#300960; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10145 | GFM1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: GFM1 were changed from to Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 1 MIM#609060 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10107 | SPIDR |
Bryony Thompson gene: SPIDR was added gene: SPIDR was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SPIDR was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SPIDR were set to 34794894; 34697795; 27967308 Phenotypes for gene: SPIDR were set to Primary ovarian insufficiency Review for gene: SPIDR was set to AMBER Added comment: 3 POI cases from 2 unrelated families with homozygous nonsense variants, and in vitro functional assays demonstrating both variants alter SPIDR activity in homologous recombination. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.10101 | GDF6 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: GDF6: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 30733656, 29130651, 26643732, 19129173, 23307924, 32737436; Phenotypes: Klippel-Feil syndrome 1, autosomal dominantMIM#118100, Leber congenital amaurosis 17 (MIM#615360), Microphthalmia, isolated 4 (MIM#613094), Multiple synostoses syndrome 4 (MIM#617898); Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10100 | MSH5 |
Bryony Thompson changed review comment from: A homozygous missense mutation (p.D487Y) in two sisters with POI. Also, homologous mutation in mice results in atrophic ovaries without oocytes, and in vitro functional study revealed that mutant MSH5 impaired DNA homologous recombination repair. Null mouse model is viable, but sterile. A case with congenital adrenal hyperplasia, ovarian failure and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome had a de novo t(6;14)(p21;q32) translocation, including CYP21A2,TNXB and MSH5. Sources: Literature; to: 4 unrelated male azoospermia cases with 3 different homozygous frameshift/missense variants. A homozygous missense mutation (p.D487Y) in two sisters with POI. Also, homologous mutation in mice results in atrophic ovaries without oocytes, and in vitro functional study revealed that mutant MSH5 impaired DNA homologous recombination repair. Null mouse model is viable, but sterile. A case with congenital adrenal hyperplasia, ovarian failure and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome had a de novo t(6;14)(p21;q32) translocation, including CYP21A2,TNXB and MSH5. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.10100 | MSH5 |
Bryony Thompson changed review comment from: A homozygous missense mutation (p.D487Y) in two sisters with POI. Also, homologous mutation in mice results in atrophic ovaries without oocytes, and in vitro functional study revealed that mutant MSH5 impaired DNA homologous recombination repair. Null mouse model is viable, but sterile. A case with congenital adrenal hyperplasia, ovarian failure and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome had a de novo t(6;14)(p21;q32) translocation, including CYP21A2,TNXB and MSH5. Sources: Literature; to: 4 unrelated male azoospermia cases with 3 different homozygous frameshift/missense variants. A homozygous missense mutation (p.D487Y) in two sisters with POI. Also, homologous mutation in mice results in atrophic ovaries without oocytes, and in vitro functional study revealed that mutant MSH5 impaired DNA homologous recombination repair. Null mouse model is viable, but sterile. A case with congenital adrenal hyperplasia, ovarian failure and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome had a de novo t(6;14)(p21;q32) translocation, including CYP21A2,TNXB and MSH5. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.10096 | MSH4 |
Bryony Thompson gene: MSH4 was added gene: MSH4 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: MSH4 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: MSH4 were set to 34794894; 10809667; 12478991; 28541421; 32741963; 33437391; 34755185; 33448284 Phenotypes for gene: MSH4 were set to Primary ovarian insufficiency; azoospermia Review for gene: MSH4 was set to GREEN Added comment: PMID: 34755185 - 2 siblings, 1 with non-obstructive azoospermia and 1 with POI, both homozygous for a stopgain variant. 1 male with non-obstructive azoospermia and biallelic variants. PMID: 33448284 - 2 sisters with POI and 3 brothers with azoospermia in a consanguineous family with a homozygous missense variant (p.Ser754Leu) PMID: 33437391 - 1 case with non-obstructive azoospermia with a homozygous stopgain variant PMID: 32741963 - 2 unrelated cases with spermatogenic arrest with homozygous missense variants (p.Pro638Leu; p. Ser754Leu) PMID: 28541421 - 2 sisters with POI and homozygous for a splice site variant PMID: 10809667 - Msh4-/- male mice are infertile and Msh4-/- female mice lacked most oocytes in the ovaries. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.10092 | ARHGAP29 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ARHGAP29 were changed from to Cleft palate; cleft lip with or without cleft palate | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10089 | ARHGAP29 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: ARHGAP29: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 27350171, 23008150; Phenotypes: Cleft palate, cleft lip with or without cleft palate; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10089 | GFM1 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: GFM1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 31680380, 25852744, 26937387; Phenotypes: Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 1 MIM#609060; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10088 | MEIOB |
Bryony Thompson gene: MEIOB was added gene: MEIOB was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: MEIOB was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: MEIOB were set to 34794894; 24068956; 31000419; 28206990 Phenotypes for gene: MEIOB were set to Spermatogenic failure 22 MIM#617706; primary ovarian insufficiency Review for gene: MEIOB was set to GREEN Added comment: At least 6 cases in 3 families, plus a mouse model for spermatogenic failure. A single family and a mouse model for POI. PMID: 28206990 - 4 infertile brothers with a homozygous missense variant. PMID: 32741963 - 2 unrelated males with complete spermatocytic arrest and homozygous truncating variants. PMID: 24068956 - infertile male and female null mouse model. PMID: 31000419 - Single family with a homozygous splicing variant in 2 sisters with POI. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.10068 | TMEM260 | Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Seven unrelated families reported.; to: Seven unrelated families reported. Clinical features: ventricular septal defects (12/12), mostly secondary to truncus arteriosus (10/12), elevated creatinine levels (6/12), horse-shoe kidneys (1/12) and renal cysts (1/12) in patients. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10067 | TMEM260 | Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Two unrelated families reported.; to: Seven unrelated families reported. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10066 | SNIP1 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: SNIP1: Added comment: A single (founder) variant NM_024700.4:c.1097A>G, p.(Glu366Gly) has been reported in over 30 cases of Psychomotor retardation, epilepsy, and craniofacial dysmorphism OMIM:614501 in the Amish community (PMIDs: 22279524; 34570759). Cases are homozygous for this variant and unaffected members of the families are heterozygous or wt. Overexpression of the equivalent mouse variant in mouse inner medullary collecting duct cells, resulted in a more aggregated appearance in the nucleus compared to wildtype. The variant protein maybe unstable as Western blots showed reduced levels of the variant protein (PMID: 22279524). Whole transcriptomic analysis of patient blood was performed in PMID: 34570759. This revealed 11 upregulated and 32 downregulated genes, of which 24 had previously been associated with neurological disease.; Changed rating: AMBER; Changed publications: 22279524, 34570759 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10044 | ECM1 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: PMID: 11929856 - Hamada et al 2002 - looked at 6 different unrelated consanguineous families (from Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Pakistan, The Netherlands, UK, and a group of South African families with a probable common ancestor) with a clinical diagnosis of Lipoid proteinosis (LP)/Urbach–Wiethe disease. They performed a genome-wide linkage analysis and identified a region and then looked at the expression of candidate genes in fibroblasts from patients compared to controls. ECM1 was found to have lower expression levels. 6 homozygous deletion variants were identified in the patients. In one family they established that the parents were heterozygous for the variant. PMID: 28720532 - Afifi et al 2017 - studied 12 patients from 10 unrelated consanguineous Egyptian families with a clinical diagnosis of lipoid proteinosis. The patients reported progressive hoarseness of voice and easily damaged skin by minor trauma or friction. Homozygous ECM1 variants were detected in affected members in all families: 1 family had a missense variant, 5 families had splice site variants and 4 families had indels predicted to cause frameshifts. Parents were found to be heterozygous for the variants. PMID: 33159951 - Zhu et al 2021 - a novel homozygous three-nucleotide duplication (c.506_508dupCTG) in ECM in two siblings affected with LP from a consanguineous Chinese family.; to: Lipoid proteinosis of Urbach and Wiethe is a rare autosomal recessive disorder typified by generalized thickening of skin, mucosae, and certain viscera. Classic features include beaded eyelid papules and laryngeal infiltration leading to hoarseness. The disorder is clinically heterogeneous, with affected individuals displaying differing degrees of skin scarring and infiltration, variable signs of hoarseness and respiratory distress, and in some cases neurologic abnormalities such as temporal lobe epilepsy. Histologically, there is widespread deposition of hyaline (glycoprotein) material and disruption/reduplication of basement membrane PMID: 11929856 - Hamada et al 2002 - looked at 6 different unrelated consanguineous families (from Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Pakistan, The Netherlands, UK, and a group of South African families with a probable common ancestor) with a clinical diagnosis of Lipoid proteinosis (LP)/Urbach–Wiethe disease. They performed a genome-wide linkage analysis and identified a region and then looked at the expression of candidate genes in fibroblasts from patients compared to controls. ECM1 was found to have lower expression levels. 6 homozygous deletion variants were identified in the patients. In one family they established that the parents were heterozygous for the variant. PMID: 28720532 - Afifi et al 2017 - studied 12 patients from 10 unrelated consanguineous Egyptian families with a clinical diagnosis of lipoid proteinosis. The patients reported progressive hoarseness of voice and easily damaged skin by minor trauma or friction. Homozygous ECM1 variants were detected in affected members in all families: 1 family had a missense variant, 5 families had splice site variants and 4 families had indels predicted to cause frameshifts. Parents were found to be heterozygous for the variants. PMID: 33159951 - Zhu et al 2021 - a novel homozygous three-nucleotide duplication (c.506_508dupCTG) in ECM in two siblings affected with LP from a consanguineous Chinese family. |
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| Mendeliome v0.10041 | SMPX | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: SMPX: Added comment: PMID 33974137: Four different missense variants were identified in ten patients from nine families in five different countries. Haplotype analysis of patients with similar ancestry revealed two different founder mutations in Southern Europe and France, indicating that the prevalence in these populations may be higher. Clinical features: adult-onset, usually distal more than proximal limb muscle weakness, slowly progressing over decades with preserved walking. Lower limb muscle imaging showed a characteristic pattern of muscle involvement and fatty degeneration. Histopathological and electron microscopic analysis of patient muscle biopsies revealed myopathic findings with rimmed vacuoles and the presence of sarcoplasmic inclusions, some with amyloid-like characteristics. In silico predictions and subsequent cell culture studies showed that the missense mutations increase aggregation propensity of the SMPX protein. In cell culture studies, overexpressed SMPX localized to stress granules and slowed down their clearance.; Changed publications: 21549342, 21549336, 21893181, 22911656, 28542515, 33974137; Changed phenotypes: Deafness, X-linked 4, MIM# 300066, Distal myopathy, adult-onset | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10037 | CNKSR2 | Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CNKSR2 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10036 | CNKSR2 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: CNKSR2: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 34266427; Phenotypes: Intellectual developmental disorder, X-linked, syndromic, Houge type, MIM# 301008; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10031 | ANK3 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: ANK3: Added comment: PMID 34218362: four unrelated novel, and two previously published patients with heterozygos ANK3 LoF variants are reported/summarized.; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed publications: 23390136, 28687526, 34218362; Changed phenotypes: Mental retardation, autosomal recessive, 37 615493, Intellectual disability, autosomal dominant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.10024 | OGDHL |
Melanie Marty gene: OGDHL was added gene: OGDHL was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: OGDHL was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: OGDHL were set to PMID: 34800363 Phenotypes for gene: OGDHL were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder featuring epilepsy, hearing loss, visual impairment, and ataxia Review for gene: OGDHL was set to GREEN Added comment: Nine individuals from eight unrelated families carrying bi-allelic variants in OGDHL with a range of neurological and neurodevelopmental phenotypes including epilepsy, hearing loss, visual impairment, gait ataxia, microcephaly, and hypoplastic corpus callosum. Homozygous and compound heterozygous variants reported. Variant types reported include missense, PTCs and a synonymous variant that was shown to affect splicing. Functional studies with a CRISPR-Cas9-mediated tissue knockout with cDNA rescue system showed that the missense variants result in loss-of-function. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.10017 | FAAH2 |
Ain Roesley changed review comment from: PMID: 34645488; - 1x nonsense variant inherited from normal mother - proband presented with a classical Zellweger syndrome phenotype including global developmental delay, seizure disorder, severe hypotonia, failure to thrive, adrenal insufficiency and elevated very long-chain fatty acids and liver enzymes - this variant has 2 hemizygotes in gnomAD PMID: 25885783; - 1x missense inherited from normal mother and absent in normal brother - presented with autistic features, anxiety, pseudoseizures, ataxia, supranuclear gaze palsy, and isolated learning disabilities - biochemical studies on patient fibroblasts confirmed a defect in FAAH2 activity resulting in altered levels of endocannabinoid metabolites. - BUT this variant has 30 hemizygotes in gnomoad Sources: Literature; to: PMID: 34645488; - 1x nonsense variant inherited from normal mother - proband presented with a classical Zellweger syndrome phenotype including global developmental delay, seizure disorder, severe hypotonia, failure to thrive, adrenal insufficiency and elevated very long-chain fatty acids and liver enzymes - this variant has 2 hemizygotes in gnomAD PMID: 25885783; - 1x missense inherited from normal mother and absent in normal brother - presented with autistic features, anxiety, pseudoseizures, ataxia, supranuclear gaze palsy, and isolated learning disabilities - biochemical studies on patient fibroblasts confirmed a defect in FAAH2 activity resulting in altered levels of endocannabinoid metabolites. - BUT this variant has 30 hemizygotes in gnomAD Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.10017 | FAAH2 |
Ain Roesley gene: FAAH2 was added gene: FAAH2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: FAAH2 was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females Publications for gene: FAAH2 were set to PMID: 34645488 Penetrance for gene: FAAH2 were set to unknown Review for gene: FAAH2 was set to RED gene: FAAH2 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: PMID: 34645488; - 1x nonsense variant inherited from normal mother - proband presented with a classical Zellweger syndrome phenotype including global developmental delay, seizure disorder, severe hypotonia, failure to thrive, adrenal insufficiency and elevated very long-chain fatty acids and liver enzymes - this variant has 2 hemizygotes in gnomAD PMID: 25885783; - 1x missense inherited from normal mother and absent in normal brother - presented with autistic features, anxiety, pseudoseizures, ataxia, supranuclear gaze palsy, and isolated learning disabilities - biochemical studies on patient fibroblasts confirmed a defect in FAAH2 activity resulting in altered levels of endocannabinoid metabolites. - BUT this variant has 30 hemizygotes in gnomoad Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.9997 | PLS3 | Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PLS3 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9996 | PLS3 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: PLS3: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 32655496, 25209159, 29736964, 29884797, 28777485, 24088043; Phenotypes: Bone mineral density QTL18, osteoporosis - MIM#300910; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9993 | EDN3 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: EDN3 were changed from to Central hypoventilation syndrome, congenital, MIM# 209880; Waardenburg syndrome, type 4B, MIM# 613265; {Hirschsprung disease, susceptibility to, 4}, MIM# 613712 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9990 | EDN3 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: EDN3: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 8630502, 11303518, 9359047, 10231870, 30171849, 27370713; Phenotypes: Central hypoventilation syndrome, congenital, MIM# 209880, Waardenburg syndrome, type 4B, MIM# 613265, {Hirschsprung disease, susceptibility to, 4}, MIM# 613712; Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9979 | SMAD2 |
Melanie Marty commented on gene: SMAD2: PMID: 30157302 - Two distinct phenotypes associated with pathogenic variants in SMAD2: complex congenital heart disease with or without laterality defects and other congenital anomalies, and a late-onset vascular phenotype characterized by arterial aneurysms with connective tissue abnormalities. No genotype/phenotype correlation has been established so far. PMID: 30157302, PMID: 23665959 - 5 individuals reported with the CHD phenotype |
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| Mendeliome v0.9979 | SMAD2 |
Melanie Marty edited their review of gene: SMAD2: Added comment: PMID: 30157302 - Two distinct phenotypes associated with pathogenic variants in SMAD2: complex congenital heart disease with or without laterality defects and other congenital anomalies, and a late-onset vascular phenotype characterized by arterial aneurysms with connective tissue abnormalities. No genotype/phenotype correlation has been established so far. PMID: 30157302, PMID: 23665959 - 5 individuals reported with the CHD phenotype; Changed publications: 29967133, 30157302, 23665959; Changed phenotypes: Aortic and arterial aneurysmal disease, connective tissue disease, congenital heart disease |
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| Mendeliome v0.9970 | GTPBP3 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: GTPBP3 were changed from to Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 23 MIM#616198 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9967 | GTPBP3 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: GTPBP3: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 23 MIM#616198; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9965 | GRIP1 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Typical features include cryptophthalmos, syndactyly, and abnormalities of the respiratory and urogenital tract. At least 5 families reported.; to: Typical features include cryptophthalmos, syndactyly, and abnormalities of the respiratory and urogenital tract. At least 5 families reported. 'Mild' bi-allelic variants also postulated to cause isolated CAKUT, PMID 24700879. |
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| Mendeliome v0.9949 | GTPBP3 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: GTPBP3: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 34276756, 25434004; Phenotypes: Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 23 MIM#616198; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9929 | ACVR1 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva is a rare autosomal dominant disease with complete penetrance involving progressive ossification of skeletal muscle, fascia, tendons, and ligaments. FOP has a prevalence of approximately 1 in 2 million worldwide, and shows no geographic, ethnic, racial, or gender preference. Individuals with FOP appear normal at birth except for great toe abnormalities: the great toes are short, deviated, and monophalangic. Ossification occurs progressively over the course of a lifetime in an inevitable and unpredictable episodic manner. Multiple unrelated families reported. The R206H variant is recurrent.; to: Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva is a rare autosomal dominant disease with complete penetrance involving progressive ossification of skeletal muscle, fascia, tendons, and ligaments. FOP has a prevalence of approximately 1 in 2 million worldwide, and shows no geographic, ethnic, racial, or gender preference. Individuals with FOP appear normal at birth except for great toe abnormalities: the great toes are short, deviated, and monophalangic. Ossification occurs progressively over the course of a lifetime in an inevitable and unpredictable episodic manner. Multiple unrelated families reported. The R206H variant is recurrent. Note variants in this gene are also associated with congenital heart disease, PMID 29089047. |
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| Mendeliome v0.9922 | ANKRD31 |
Bryony Thompson gene: ANKRD31 was added gene: ANKRD31 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ANKRD31 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: ANKRD31 were set to 34794894; 34257419; 31003867 Phenotypes for gene: ANKRD31 were set to Premature ovarian failure Review for gene: ANKRD31 was set to GREEN Added comment: Three unrelated cases with premature ovarian failure and loss of function variants (2 with c.985C>T, p.Gln329* and 1 with c.1565-2A>G). Ankrd31-deficient female mouse model has reduced oocyte reserves. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.9918 | ACO2 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: ACO2: Added comment: At least 10 unrelated families reported. I am not convinced this gene causes two separate disorders, more likely a spectrum. OA has been reported as an isolated finding in one family, and a feature of a more complex and severe neurological presentation in the rest.; Changed publications: 22405087, 25351951, 30689204, 32519519, 25351951 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9917 | DAZL |
Bryony Thompson gene: DAZL was added gene: DAZL was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: DAZL was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: DAZL were set to 34794894; 33095795; 16884537; 9288969 Phenotypes for gene: DAZL were set to Primary ovarian insufficiency Review for gene: DAZL was set to AMBER Added comment: PMID: 33095795 - Single POI case with heterozygous stopgain (c.640C>T:p.Q214*). PMID: 16884537 - 4 heterozygous unrelated early menopause/POI cases with heterozygous missense (all rare in gnomAD v2.1, except p.Asn10His which has 14 hets) PMID: 9288969 - supporting knockout mouse model Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.9899 | POLR3H |
Bryony Thompson gene: POLR3H was added gene: POLR3H was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: POLR3H was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: POLR3H were set to 34794894; 30830215 Phenotypes for gene: POLR3H were set to Primary ovarian insufficiency Review for gene: POLR3H was set to AMBER Added comment: A homozygous missense variant (p.Asp50Gly) was identified homozygous in 2 unrelated families. A mull mouse model was embryonic lethal, but a mouse model homozygous for the missense were viable and showed delayed pubertal development, characterised by late first oestrus or preputial separation. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.9896 | ELAC2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ELAC2 were changed from to Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 17, MIM#615440 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9893 | ELAC2 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: ELAC2: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 23849775, 31045291; Phenotypes: Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 17, MIM#615440; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9892 | KHDRBS1 |
Bryony Thompson gene: KHDRBS1 was added gene: KHDRBS1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: KHDRBS1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: KHDRBS1 were set to 34794894; 29808484; 28938739; 20881015 Phenotypes for gene: KHDRBS1 were set to Premature ovarian failure Review for gene: KHDRBS1 was set to GREEN Added comment: 4 cases in 3 unrelated families and a supporting mouse model PMID: 28938739 - missense (c.460A > G, p.M154V) identified in a Chinese mother and daughter with POI, and another missense (c.263C > T, p.P88L) identified in an idiopathic POI case. SCV001364312.1 - case with POI and missense (p.Pro421Leu) submitted by an Italian institute (ClinVar ID: 929733) PMID: 29808484 - missense (p.Pro296Leu) identified in a POI case, which also has a heterozygous missense in FGFR2. There are 12 hets with Pro296Leu in gnomAD v2.1. This case is not included in the final case count. PMID: 20881015 - supporting null mouse model. Female mice were subfertile. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.9807 | KCNJ2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: KCNJ2 were changed from to Andersen syndrome MIM#170390; Atrial fibrillation, familial, 9 MIM#613980; Short QT syndrome 3 MIM#609622 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9786 | COX7B | Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: COX7B was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9785 | COX7B | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: COX7B: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 23122588; Phenotypes: Linear skin defects with multiple congenital anomalies 2, MIM#300887; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9779 | MBTPS2 | Daniel Flanagan reviewed gene: MBTPS2: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 27380894, 19361614, 21426410; Phenotypes: Osteogenesis imperfecta, type XIX, (MIM301014), IFAP syndrome with or without BRESHECK syndrome (MIM#308205), Keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans, X-linked (MIM#308800), ?Olmsted syndrome, X-linked (MIM#300918); Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9779 | KCNJ2 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: KCNJ2: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: Other; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Andersen syndrome MIM#170390, Atrial fibrillation, familial, 9 MIM#613980, Short QT syndrome 3 MIM#609622; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9779 | COG1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: COG1 were changed from to Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type IIg, MIM# 611209 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9776 | COG1 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: COG1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 16537452, 19008299, 17904886, 11980916; Phenotypes: Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type IIg, MIM# 611209; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9776 | NEBL | Bryony Thompson Added comment: Comment on list classification: Limited gene-disease vailidity, Classification - 09/25/2020 by ClinGen Dilated Cardiomyopathy GCEP. Evidence Summary: NEBL was evaluated for autosomal dominant dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Human genetic evidence supporting this gene-disease relationship includes case-level data. Arimura and colleagues (2000, PMID: 11140941) analyzed 83 DCM patients and 311 healthy controls, identifying 4 missense variants of unknown significance (VUSs) in 4 DCM cases. High minor allele frequencies (MAFs) and lack of segregation excluded these variants as evidence. Purevjav and colleagues (2010, PMID: 20951326) investigated a total of 260 DCM patients and 300 unrelated ethnic matched controls by direct DNA sequencing. Authors identified 4 missense VUSs. One of these variants (Q128R) was downgraded in level of evidence due to the lack of segregation. The other 3 variants were not scored because of their MAF. Perrot and colleagues (2016, PMID: 27186169) investigated a total of 389 patients with DCM, HCM, or LVNC, 320 Caucasian sex-matched controls and 192 Caucasian sex-matched blood donors and identified 3 missense VUSs in 4 families. One of these variants was also carried by healthy relatives and therefore was excluded, however this may be explained by reduced penetrance. The 2 other variants lacked segregation as well and therefore were also excluded. In addition, this gene-disease association is supported by animal models. Mastronotaro and colleagues (2015, PMID: 25987543) created a NEBL knockout mice that exhibited normal cardiac function up to 9 months of age but after 2 weeks of transaortic constriction (TAC), these mice showed Z-line widening since the age of 5 months and upregulation of cardiac stress genes (basal and after TAC) However, absence of clinical DCM features in KO-NEBL mice as well as Western Blot analysis which contradicted previous findings by showing a similar protein expression between knockout and wild-type mice, excluding it as evidence. Purevjav and colleagues (2010, PMID: 20951326) generated a transgenic mouse overexpressing WT or mutant NEBL under the control of the α-MyHC promoter (4 variants were tested). Mice overexpressing p.K60N or p.Q128R variants died within 1 year because of severe heart enlargement and heart failure. Mice overexpressing p.G202R or p.A592E were born and developed normally but after 6 months displayed reduced stress tolerance, cardiac enlargement due to left ventricle dilation, myocyte disarray, and interstitial cell infiltration. In summary, there is limited evidence to support this gene-disease relationship. More evidence is needed to support the relationship of NEBL and autosomal dominant DCM. This classification was approved by the ClinGen Dilated Cardiomyopathy Working Group on October 11, 2019 (SOP Version 7). Gene Clinical Validity Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) - SOP7 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9774 | SPATA5L1 | Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Note some of the affected individuals had isolated deafness, hence two OMIM phenotypes have been associated with this gene. All were of Ashkenazi Jewish origin, and had the p.Ile466Met founder variant, either hmz or compound het with another variant.; to: Note some of the affected individuals had isolated deafness, hence two OMIM phenotypes have been associated with this gene. All were of Ashkenazi Jewish origin, and had the p.Ile466Met founder variant, compound het with another variant. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9774 | SPATA5L1 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: SPATA5L1: Added comment: Note some of the affected individuals had isolated deafness, hence two OMIM phenotypes have been associated with this gene. All were of Ashkenazi Jewish origin, and had the p.Ile466Met founder variant, either hmz or compound het with another variant.; Changed publications: 34626583; Changed phenotypes: Neurodevelopmental disorder with hearing loss and spasticity, MIM# 619616, Deafness, autosomal recessive 119, MIM# 619615 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9774 | MEIS2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: MEIS2 were changed from to Cleft palate, cardiac defects, and mental retardation (MIM#600987) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9771 | LAMA4 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: LAMA4 were changed from to Cardiomyopathy, dilated, 1JJ (MIM#615235) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9767 | LAMA4 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: LAMA4: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 17646580, 26406308, 27532257; Phenotypes: Cardiomyopathy, dilated, 1JJ (MIM#615235); Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9735 | IFITM5 | Ain Roesley edited their review of gene: IFITM5: Added comment: Comment on mode of pathogenicity: LoF not established, alternative neomorph/GoF postulated but not yet conclusively proven; Changed mode of pathogenicity: Other | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9727 | CFTR | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: CFTR were changed from to Cystic fibrosis, MIM# 219700; Congenital bilateral absence of vas deferens, MIM# 277180 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9725 | CFTR | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: CFTR: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Cystic fibrosis, MIM# 219700, Congenital bilateral absence of vas deferens, MIM# 277180; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9714 | HKDC1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: HKDC1 was added gene: HKDC1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: HKDC1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: HKDC1 were set to 30085091 Phenotypes for gene: HKDC1 were set to Retinitis pigmentosa 92, MIM# 619614 Review for gene: HKDC1 was set to RED Added comment: Two unrelated Chinese men reported with relatively late-onset RP, and same homozygous missense variant. Sources: Expert Review |
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| Mendeliome v0.9707 | CDON |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: >5 unrelated families reported, however note some of the variants are present at a very low frequentcy in gnomad (1-4) and some are inherited. Mouse model.; to: >5 unrelated families reported, however note some of the variants are present at a very low frequentcy in gnomad (1-4) and some are inherited. Mouse model. Note single report of bi-allelic variants in association with coloboma: PMID 32729136 |
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| Mendeliome v0.9702 | MICAL1 |
Bryony Thompson gene: MICAL1 was added gene: MICAL1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: MICAL1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: MICAL1 were set to 29394500; 21638339 Phenotypes for gene: MICAL1 were set to Autosomal dominant epilepsy with auditory features (ADEAF) Review for gene: MICAL1 was set to AMBER Added comment: Two families with supporting in vitro functional assays. Assessment of expression pattern of Mical-1 in the temporal neocortex of patients with intractable temporal epilepsy and pilocarpine-induced rat model, suggests Mical-1 may associate with inner pathophysiological modulation in epilepsy. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.9701 | CPA6 | Bryony Thompson Added comment: Comment on list classification: ClinGen Epilepsy GCEP has reviewed both inheritances for gene-disease associations with epilepsy: AR disease is Disputed - There is contradictory case level and experimental data regarding any association between CPA6 and autosomal recessive epilepsy. Classification - 07/29/2021 AD disease is Refuted- There is very limited evidence supporting a gene-disease association. Many of the reported pathogenic variants have been subsequently identified as having a high minor allele frequency in population databases. Classification - 07/29/2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9691 | BRAT1 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: At least 4 individuals reported from unrelated families and bi-allelic variants in this gene. Sources: Expert list; to: Biallelic mutations in the BRAT1 gene, encoding BRCA1-associated ATM activator 1, result in variable phenotypes, from rigidity and multifocal seizure syndrome, lethal neonatal (RMFSL) to neurodevelopmental disorder and cerebellar atrophy with or without seizures (NEDCAS), without obvious genotype-phenotype associations. Multiple families reported with each. |
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| Mendeliome v0.9682 | BMPER |
Zornitza Stark commented on gene: BMPER: Perinatal lethal skeletal dysplasia. The primary skeletal characteristics include small chest, abnormal vertebral segmentation, and posterior rib gaps containing incompletely differentiated mesenchymal tissue. Consistent craniofacial features include ocular hypertelorism, epicanthal folds, depressed nasal bridge with short nose, and low-set ears. The most commonly described extraskeletal finding is nephroblastomatosis with cystic kidneys, but other visceral findings have been described in some cases. At least 5 unrelated families reported. |
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| Mendeliome v0.9661 | B3GAT3 | Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: More than 5 unrelated families reported.; to: 26 patients from 13 families with variable phenotypes resembling Larsen, Antley-Bixler, Shprintzen-Goldberg, and Geroderma osteodysplastica syndromes. Multiple skeletal and cardiac abnormalities reported. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9644 | DDX3X | Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: DDX3X was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9643 | DDX3X | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: DDX3X: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 30266093, 26235985, 25533962, 33528536, 30936465, 31274575, 30817323; Phenotypes: Intellectual developmental disorder, X-linked, syndrome, Snijders Blok type MIM# 300958; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9636 | C9orf3 |
Zornitza Stark gene: C9orf3 was added gene: C9orf3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: C9orf3 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: C9orf3 were set to 34596301 Phenotypes for gene: C9orf3 were set to Dystonia 31, MIM# 619565 Review for gene: C9orf3 was set to GREEN Added comment: Dystonia-31 (DYT31) is an autosomal recessive progressive neurologic disorder characterized by involuntary muscle twisting movements and postural abnormalities affecting the upper and lower limbs, neck, face, and trunk. Some patients may have orofacial dyskinesia resulting in articulation and swallowing difficulties. The age at onset ranges from childhood to young adulthood. There are usually no additional neurologic symptoms, although late-onset parkinsonism was reported in 1 family. 5 individuals from 4 unrelated families reported. HGNC approved name is AOPEP. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.9616 | MYH10 |
Krithika Murali gene: MYH10 was added gene: MYH10 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list,Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: MYH10 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: MYH10 were set to 24825879; 24901346; 25356899; 22495309; 25003005 Phenotypes for gene: MYH10 were set to Microcephaly; Intellectual Disability Review for gene: MYH10 was set to GREEN Added comment: De novo variants were identified in 5 unrelated individuals with moderate-severe ID and developmental delay. Other reported phenotypic features include microcephaly (4/5), IUGR/failure to thrive (4/5), cerebral atrophy (3/5), hydrocephalus (2/5), congenital bilateral hip dysplasia (2/5), cerebellar atrophy (1/5), congenital diaphragmatic hernia (1/5), cranial nerve palsy (1/5), nystagmus (1/5), dysplastic kidney (1/5). Defects in heart development, body wall closure and other birth defects noted in mouse models. Sources: Expert list, Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.9607 | COG6 | Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: More than 5 unrelated families reported. Key features include growth retardation, developmental delay, microcephaly, liver and gastrointestinal disease, joint contractures and episodic fever. Ectodermal signs such as hypohidrosis/hyperthermia, hyperkeratosis and tooth anomalies are prominent. Note Shaheen syndrome, MIM#615328 is an allelic disorder, with overlapping clinical features, but normal transferring isoforms recorded creating confusion about whether it represents a distinct entity.; to: More than 5 unrelated families reported. Key features include growth retardation, developmental delay, microcephaly, liver and gastrointestinal disease, joint contractures and episodic fever. Ectodermal signs such as hypohidrosis/hyperthermia, hyperkeratosis and tooth anomalies are prominent. Note Shaheen syndrome, MIM#615328 is an allelic disorder, with overlapping clinical features, but normal transferrin isoforms recorded creating confusion about whether it represents a distinct entity. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9594 | AMER1 | Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: AMER1 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9593 | AMER1 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: AMER1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 20209645, 19079258; Phenotypes: Osteopathia striata with cranial sclerosis, MIM# 300373; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9593 | ALG1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ALG1 were changed from to Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Ik, MIM# 608540 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9590 | ALG1 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: ALG1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 26931382; Phenotypes: Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Ik, MIM# 608540; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9581 | SIM1 |
Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: SIM1: Added comment: At least 20 probands with reduced penetrance reported. PMID:33434169; 1x missense inherited from normal mother PMID:30926952; 2x unrelated - 1 missense 1 splice. Family history noted PMID:23778136; 4 children with clinical features of PWL syndrome, including severe obesity - all missense 1x inherited from normal father PMID:23778139; at least 13 families with segregation and reduced penetrance evidence - all missense In vitro luciferase done to show LoF NOTE: Individuals with Prader-Willi-like phenotype may have 6q16.2del instead, which encompasses SIM1; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed publications: 33434169, 30926952, 23778136, 23778139; Changed phenotypes: congenital obesity, Prader-Willi-like syndrome; Changed mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted |
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| Mendeliome v0.9579 | MLIP | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: MLIP were changed from 34581780 to MLIP-related myopathy with rhabdomyolysis | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9575 | MLIP | Michelle Torres edited their review of gene: MLIP: Changed publications: 34581780; Changed phenotypes: MLIP-related myopathy with rhabdomyolysis | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9570 | STT3A | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: STT3A were changed from to Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Iw MIM#615596 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9569 | KIAA0391 |
Lucy Spencer changed review comment from: Four unrelated families with multisystem disease associated with bi-allelic variants in PRORP. Affected individuals presented with variable phenotypes comprising sensorineural hearing loss, primary ovarian insufficiency, developmental delay, and brain white matter changes. -1 consanguineous family with homozygous missense in 3 affected sisters, het parents unaffected. Siblings had profound bilateral SNHL in infancy. In teens developed primary amenorrhea/Perrault syndrome, and hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. -1 unrelated male with compound het missense, each inherited from an unaffected parent. Hearing loss noted at 3, diagnosed at 5. -1 unrelated male compound het for a missense and a frameshift. appendicular hypertonia in infancy, mild dysmorphism. Severe global dev delay at 20 months. Normal hearing at 18 months, but at 3 years had bilateral SNHL. -an affected mother and her 2 affected children (son and daughter), homozygous for a missense. Father is heterozygous and unaffected. Son has psychotic disorder, autistic traits. Sister had intrauterine growth retardation, global developmental delay, and seizures in the first years of life. Mother presented with retrobulbar optic neuritis and tonic pupil at 39 years of age, then with asthenia, myalgias, memory loss, and frequent headaches. All variants are in p.400s. Sources: Literature; to: Four unrelated families with multisystem disease associated with bi-allelic variants in PRORP. Affected individuals presented with variable phenotypes comprising sensorineural hearing loss, primary ovarian insufficiency, developmental delay, and brain white matter changes. -1 consanguineous family with homozygous missense in 3 affected sisters, het parents unaffected. Siblings had profound bilateral SNHL in infancy. In teens developed primary amenorrhea/Perrault syndrome, and hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. -1 unrelated male with compound het missense, each inherited from an unaffected parent. Hearing loss noted at 3, diagnosed at 5. -1 unrelated male compound het for a missense and a frameshift. appendicular hypertonia in infancy, mild dysmorphism. Severe global dev delay at 20 months. Normal hearing at 18 months, but at 3 years had bilateral SNHL. -an affected mother and her 2 affected children (son and daughter), homozygous for a missense. Father is heterozygous and unaffected. Son has psychotic disorder, autistic traits. Sister had intrauterine growth retardation, global developmental delay, and seizures in the first years of life. Mother presented with retrobulbar optic neuritis and tonic pupil at 39 years of age, then with asthenia, myalgias, memory loss, and frequent headaches. All variants are in p.400s. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.9567 | KIAA0391 |
Lucy Spencer gene: KIAA0391 was added gene: KIAA0391 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: KIAA0391 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: KIAA0391 were set to PMID: 34715011 Added comment: Four unrelated families with multisystem disease associated with bi-allelic variants in PRORP. Affected individuals presented with variable phenotypes comprising sensorineural hearing loss, primary ovarian insufficiency, developmental delay, and brain white matter changes. -1 consanguineous family with homozygous missense in 3 affected sisters, het parents unaffected. Siblings had profound bilateral SNHL in infancy. In teens developed primary amenorrhea/Perrault syndrome, and hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. -1 unrelated male with compound het missense, each inherited from an unaffected parent. Hearing loss noted at 3, diagnosed at 5. -1 unrelated male compound het for a missense and a frameshift. appendicular hypertonia in infancy, mild dysmorphism. Severe global dev delay at 20 months. Normal hearing at 18 months, but at 3 years had bilateral SNHL. -an affected mother and her 2 affected children (son and daughter), homozygous for a missense. Father is heterozygous and unaffected. Son has psychotic disorder, autistic traits. Sister had intrauterine growth retardation, global developmental delay, and seizures in the first years of life. Mother presented with retrobulbar optic neuritis and tonic pupil at 39 years of age, then with asthenia, myalgias, memory loss, and frequent headaches. All variants are in p.400s. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.9565 | STT3A | Elena Savva reviewed gene: STT3A: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: Other; Publications: PMID: 34653363, 23842455, 30701557, 28424003; Phenotypes: Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Iw MIM#615596; Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9564 | SPATA5L1 |
Paul De Fazio gene: SPATA5L1 was added gene: SPATA5L1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SPATA5L1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SPATA5L1 were set to 34626583 Phenotypes for gene: SPATA5L1 were set to Intellectual disability; spastic-dystonic cerebral palsy; epilepsy; hearing loss Review for gene: SPATA5L1 was set to GREEN gene: SPATA5L1 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: 47 individuals from 26 unrelated families from various ethnicities with biallelic variants reported. Phenotypes include ID, hearing impairment, movement disorder, abnormal MRI, hypotonia, visual impairment, epilepsy, and microcephaly. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.9539 | COL3A1 |
Krithika Murali gene: COL3A1 was added gene: COL3A1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list,Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: COL3A1 was set to Other Phenotypes for gene: COL3A1 were set to Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, vascular type - MIM#130050; Polymicrogyria with or without vascular-type EDS - #618343 Review for gene: COL3A1 was set to GREEN Added comment: ClinGen validated gene-disease relationship with autosomal dominant vascular EDS Also well-established phenotype with polymicrogyria with biallelic variants in COL3A1 AD - Ehlers Danlos vascular type AR - Polymicrogyria with or without vascular type EDS Sources: Expert list, Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.9538 | CDH1 |
Krithika Murali gene: CDH1 was added gene: CDH1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list,Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: CDH1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Phenotypes for gene: CDH1 were set to Blepharocheilodontic syndrome 1- MIM#119580; Cleft lip and palate Review for gene: CDH1 was set to GREEN Added comment: Well-established gene-disease association with blepharocheilodontic syndrome (BDC) and orofacial clefting. Gene also associated with cancer predisposition - diffuse gastric cancer (juvenile onset reported) and lobular breast cancer. Sources: Expert list, Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.9537 | BGN |
Krithika Murali gene: BGN was added gene: BGN was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list,Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: BGN was set to Other Publications for gene: BGN were set to 27236923; 27632686 Phenotypes for gene: BGN were set to Meester-Loeys syndrome - #300989; Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia, X-linked - #300106 Review for gene: BGN was set to GREEN Added comment: Well-established gene-disease associated with X-linked spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia (SEMD) and Meester-Loeys syndrome (connective tissue disorder with phenotypic features including aortic dissection, aortic aneurysym, dysmorphism, joint hypermobility and mild skeletal dysplasia - with juvenile-onset reported in males) SEMD - X-linked recessive inheritance Meester-Loeys syndrome - hemizygous males, monoallelic mutations may cause disease in females (may be less severe, later onset than males) Sources: Expert list, Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.9537 | ACTC1 |
Krithika Murali gene: ACTC1 was added gene: ACTC1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list,Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ACTC1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: ACTC1 were set to 26061005; 17947298; 31430208; 18403758; 30384889 Phenotypes for gene: ACTC1 were set to Atrial septal defect 5, MIM# 612794; Cardiomyopathy, dilated, 1R - MIM# 613424; Cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic, 11 - #612098 Review for gene: ACTC1 was set to GREEN Added comment: Four families reported with congenital heart disease and variants in this gene. Note gene is also associated with cardiomyopathies, including paediatric-onset dilated and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Sources: Expert list, Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.9532 | AHDC1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: AHDC1 were changed from to Xia-Gibbs syndrome, MIM# 615829; AHDC1-related intellectual disability, obstructive sleep apnoea, mild dysmorphism syndrome MONDO:0014358 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9529 | AHDC1 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: AHDC1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 24791903, 27148574, 30152016; Phenotypes: Xia-Gibbs syndrome, MIM# 615829, AHDC1-related intellectual disability, obstructive sleep apnoea, mild dysmorphism syndrome MONDO:0014358; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9504 | MANBA | Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Two mono-allelic variants reported in association with isolated nystagmus. Note bi-allelic variants cause a lysosomal storage disorder.; to: Two mono-allelic variants reported in association with isolated nystagmus. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9504 | MANBA | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: MANBA: Added comment: Two mono-allelic variants reported in association with isolated nystagmus. Note bi-allelic variants cause a lysosomal storage disorder.; Changed publications: 30552791, 25741867; Changed phenotypes: Mannosidosis, beta, MIM# 248510, MONDO:0009562, Nystagmus, autosomal dominant; Changed mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9467 | ACTC1 |
Krithika Murali gene: ACTC1 was added gene: ACTC1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature,Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: ACTC1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: ACTC1 were set to 17947298; 31430208 Phenotypes for gene: ACTC1 were set to Atrial septal defect 5 - MIM# 612794; Cardiomyopathy, dilated, 1R - MIM# 613424; Cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic, 11 - #612098; Left ventricular noncompaction 4 - #613424 Review for gene: ACTC1 was set to GREEN Added comment: Three families reported with congenital heart disease and variants in this gene. Gene is also associated with cardiomyopathies, including paediatric onset. Sources: Literature, Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.9437 | IFT74 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: IFT74: Added comment: Limited evidence for association with spermatogenic failure: two unrelated individuals with same homozygous missense variant.; Changed publications: 27486776, 32144365, 33531668, 33689014; Changed phenotypes: Bardet-Biedl syndrome 20, MIM# 617119, Joubert syndrome, Spermatogenic failure 58, MIM# 619585 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9418 | TAOK1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: TAOK1 were changed from TAOK1-related neurodevelopmental disorder to Developmental delay with or without intellectual impairment or behavioural abnormalities, MIM#619575; TAOK1-related neurodevelopmental disorder | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9417 | TAOK1 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: TAOK1: Changed phenotypes: Developmental delay with or without intellectual impairment or behavioural abnormalities, MIM#619575, TAOK1-related neurodevelopmental disorder | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9409 | ADGRG1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ADGRG1 were changed from to Polymicrogyria, bilateral frontoparietal, MIM#606854 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9406 | ADGRG1 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: ADGRG1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 16240336, 33299078; Phenotypes: Polymicrogyria, bilateral frontoparietal, MIM#606854; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9402 | TBK1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: TBK1 were changed from to Frontotemporal dementia and/or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 4, MIM# 616439 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9392 | KCNC2 |
Daniel Flanagan gene: KCNC2 was added gene: KCNC2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: KCNC2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: KCNC2 were set to PMID:32392612; 31972370 Phenotypes for gene: KCNC2 were set to epileptic encephalopathy; spastic tetraplegia; opisthotonos attacks; intellectual disability; West syndrome Review for gene: KCNC2 was set to AMBER Added comment: PMID: 31972370. De novo missense variant (p.Val471Leu) identified in a child with early severe developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, spastic tetraplegia, opisthotonos attacks. PMID: 32392612. De novo missense variant (p.Asp167Tyr) identified in a neurofibromatosis type 1 related West syndrome patient. Functional analysis showed a significant reduction of the mean potassium current and a shift in the voltage dependence of steady-state activation. Maternally inherited NF1 variant (p.T1951Nfs*5) also identified, the mother was "clinically unremarkable". Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.9392 | OSTC |
Belinda Chong gene: OSTC was added gene: OSTC was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: OSTC was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: OSTC were set to PMID: 32267060 Phenotypes for gene: OSTC were set to Oligosaccharyltransferase complex-congenital disorders of glycosylation Review for gene: OSTC was set to RED Added comment: A patient with microcephaly, dysmorphic facies, congenital heart defect, focal epilepsy, infantile spasms, skeletal dysplasia, and a type 1 serum transferrin isoelectrofocusing due to a novel CDG caused by a homozygous variant in the oligosaccharyltransferase complex noncatalytic subunit (OSTC) gene involved in glycosylation and confirmed by serum transferrin electrophoresis. Patient was homozygous for a canonical splice variant (c.431 + 1G > A), mRNA from patient's fibroblast showed mRNA transcript reduced 80-90%/aberrant splicing - predicting NMD. GnomAD - 10 hets, 0 hom Sources: Literature Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.9392 | TBK1 | Lucy Spencer reviewed gene: TBK1: Rating: ; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID: 31000212, 25943890; Phenotypes: Frontotemporal dementia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9384 | L3MBTL1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: L3MBTL1 was added gene: L3MBTL1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: L3MBTL1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, maternally imprinted (paternal allele expressed) Publications for gene: L3MBTL1 were set to 23543057; 15123827; 30794780 Phenotypes for gene: L3MBTL1 were set to Affected tissue: myeloid lineages; Phenotype resulting from under expression: lymphoid malignancy Review for gene: L3MBTL1 was set to RED Added comment: Germline variation in this imprinted gene is not currently associated with disease. Somatic deletions of 20q are associated with chronic myeloid malignancies. Aziz et al showed that a single heterozygous 20q deletion consistently resulted in the complete loss of expression of the imprinted genes L3MBTL1 and SGK2, indicative of a pathogenetic role for loss of the active paternally inherited locus. Concomitant loss of both L3MBTL1 and SGK2 dysregulated erythropoiesis and megakaryopoiesis. Sources: Expert Review |
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| Mendeliome v0.9383 | KCNQ1OT1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: KCNQ1OT1 was added gene: KCNQ1OT1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: KCNQ1OT1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, maternally imprinted (paternal allele expressed) Publications for gene: KCNQ1OT1 were set to 22205991; 15372379; 23511928; 30794780; 29377879; 10220444; 32447323; 33177595; 29047350 Phenotypes for gene: KCNQ1OT1 were set to Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome OMIM:130650; Russell-Silver Syndrome Review for gene: KCNQ1OT1 was set to AMBER Added comment: Limited evidence that isolated intragenic variation in KCNQ1OT1 is definitively associated with a phenotype. KCNQ1OT1 encodes the regulatory antisense non-coding RNA KCNQ1OT1 (KCNQ1 overlapping) and is located within the KCNQ1OT1:TSS DMR (imprinting control region 2; IC2) at 11p15.5. IC2 is located within KCNQ1 intron 10. KCNQ1OT1 is maternally imprinted and paternally expressed. On the paternal chromosome, KCNQ1OT1 is transcribed and represses in cis the flanking imprinted genes, including the growth inhibitor CDKN1C, which is normally transcribed from the maternal allele. In 50% of the BWS patients, loss of methylation (LOM) of IC2 leads to biallelic expression of KCNQ1OT1 and biallelic silencing of CDKN1C (PMID 30635621). Expression is increased in BWS due to IC2 epimutations or paternal UPD. Single nucleotide variants within KCNQ1OT1 have not been definitively associated with human disease. A heterozygous maternally inherited non-coding variant was identified in an individual with isolated omphalocele. This variant was shown to alter the methylation pattern of the imprinted allele (PMID 29047350). Eggerman et al (PMID 32447323) described a 132 base pair deletion within KCNQ1OT1 associated with growth retardation in the case of paternal but not maternal transmission. This intragenic deletion did not affect IC2 methylation. Microdeletions of IC2 involving KCNQ1OT1 on the paternal allele have been identified in a small number of patients with Russell-Silver syndrome. Similarly, microdeletions of IC2 involving KCNQ1OT1 on the maternal allele have been identified in a small number of patients with BWS. These deletions also variably involve KCNQ1 or CDKN1C. LoF in CDKN1C is a known cause of BWS. There is some evidence to suggest that disruption of KCNQ1 prevents maternal methylation at IC2 (PMID 30778172). Sources: Expert Review |
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| Mendeliome v0.9382 | H19 |
Zornitza Stark gene: H19 was added gene: H19 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: H19 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, paternally imprinted (maternal allele expressed) Publications for gene: H19 were set to 20007505; 15743916; 23118352; 21863054; 21571108; 18245780; 24916376; 25943194 Phenotypes for gene: H19 were set to Phenotypes resulting from gene over expression: Silver-Russell Syndrome (proven effects of dosage alteration rather than gene muation); Affected tissue: all; Phenotype resulting from under expression: Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome Review for gene: H19 was set to RED Added comment: Methylation changes rather than sequence variation are associated with BWS/RSS. Sources: Expert Review |
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| Mendeliome v0.9379 | OOEP |
Zornitza Stark gene: OOEP was added gene: OOEP was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: OOEP was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: OOEP were set to 29574422 Phenotypes for gene: OOEP were set to Multi locus imprinting disturbance in offspring Review for gene: OOEP was set to RED Added comment: Single report of biallelic variants in this gene in a mother of a child with Multi locus imprinting disturbance (MLID) and a transient neonatal diabetes mellitus phenotype. This gene encodes part of the subcortical maternal complex (SCMC). Other genes in this group act as 'maternal effect' genes and are associated with early embryonic arrest, recurrent hydatiform mole and MLID in offspring. As is the case for other genes encoding components of the SCMC, the pathogenicity of variants can be difficult to establish as reproductive outcomes are not recorded in genomic databases and variants may be listed in population databases as they are not classed as pathogenic in males or women with no reproductive history. Functional studies of genes encoding components of the SCMC are limited as their expression is restricted to the oocyte and early embryo. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.9378 | ZNF445 |
Zornitza Stark gene: ZNF445 was added gene: ZNF445 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ZNF445 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: ZNF445 were set to 34039421; 30602440; 30846001 Phenotypes for gene: ZNF445 were set to Temple syndrome; Multi locus imprinting disturbance (MLID) Review for gene: ZNF445 was set to RED Added comment: Single report (Kagami 2021) of a child with Temple syndrome and MLID found to have a novel homozygous truncating variant in ZNF445. ZNF445 has been shown to play a critical role in the maintenance of postfertilisation methylation imprints (Takahashi 2019). Mechanism and parent of origin effects remain uncertain. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.9376 | NSRP1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: NSRP1 was added gene: NSRP1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: NSRP1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: NSRP1 were set to 34385670 Phenotypes for gene: NSRP1 were set to Epilepsy; Cerebral palsy; microcephaly; Intellectual disability Review for gene: NSRP1 was set to GREEN Added comment: Novel gene regulating splicing. Biallelic LoF pathogenic variants reported in 6 individuals from 3 unrelated families associated with a phenotype characterized by developmental delay, epilepsy, microcephaly, and spastic cerebral palsy. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.9370 | GABRD | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: GABRD: Added comment: 10 individuals with 7 unique variants reported in individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders and epilepsy. Six of the variants were demonstrated to be GoF, and those individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders with behavioural issues, various degrees of intellectual disability, generalized epilepsy with atypical absences and generalized myoclonic and/or bilateral tonic-clonic seizures. In contrast, the one individual carrying a loss-of-function variant had normal intelligence, no seizure history but has a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder and suffering from elevated internalizing psychiatric symptoms.; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed publications: 15115768, 34633442; Changed phenotypes: Intellectual disability, Epilepsy, Susceptibility to epilepsy, MIM#613060 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9366 | NLRP5 |
Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: NLRP5: Added comment: 'Maternal effect gene' Part of the subcortical maternal complex Report of five mothers carrying either monoallelic or biallelic variants in NLRP5, who had both unaffected offspring and offspring with BWS-MLID (Doherty 2015). Report of one family where the mother carried biallelic variants in NLRP5, had one offspring with BWS, one unaffected offspring and multiple miscarriages (Sparago 2019). Reports of at least three unrelated individuals with recurrent early embryonic arrest carrying biallelic variants in NLRP5. Functional work suggesting protein degradation in affected human cell lines (Mu 2019, Xu 2020).; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed publications: 32222962, 31829238, 30877238, 26323243, 34440388; Changed phenotypes: Early embryonic arrest, Multi locus imprinting disturbance in offspring; Changed mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal |
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| Mendeliome v0.9365 | DSTYK |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Mono-allelic variants and CAKUT: Multiple families reported, zebrafish model has multiple congenital anomalies including of the GU tract. Established gene-disease association. Bi-allelic variants and HSP: Three families reported, but all had same intragenic deletion/insertion, suggestive of founder effect.; to: Mono-allelic variants and CAKUT: Multiple families reported, zebrafish model has multiple congenital anomalies including of the GU tract. Disputed gene-disease association as original variants present at relatively high pop frequency as per review by Ain Roesley. Bi-allelic variants and HSP: Three families reported, but all had same intragenic deletion/insertion, suggestive of founder effect. |
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| Mendeliome v0.9355 | TARS2 | Krithika Murali reviewed gene: TARS2: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 33153448, 24827421, 34508595; Phenotypes: Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 21 - 615918, Epilepsy; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9355 | USP48 | Zornitza Stark Added comment: Comment when marking as ready: Borderline Green: one of the variants is present at a high frequency in the normal population. However, even if just two families are considered, supportive functional data including zebrafish model. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9351 | MARS | Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Association with CMT: Two families reported. One mutation positive family member was asymptomatic. Second case is proband only testing with no segregation or functional data. Note one of the variants identified in dominant MARS1-associated neuropathy, p.Arg618Cys, has also been reported in AR MARS1-related pulmonary interstiatial/liver disease.; to: Association with CMT and mono-allelic variants: Two families reported. One mutation positive family member was asymptomatic. Second case is proband only testing with no segregation or functional data. Note one of the variants identified in dominant MARS1-associated neuropathy, p.Arg618Cys, has also been reported in AR MARS1-related pulmonary interstiatial/liver disease. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9351 | MARS |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Association with interstitial lung and liver disease: More than 5 unrelated families reported. Founder variants in Reunion Island, p.Ser567Leu and p.Ala393Thr, in cis. Pathologic examination of lung lavage is consistent with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis.; to: Association with interstitial lung and liver disease and bi-allelic variants: More than 5 unrelated families reported. Founder variants in Reunion Island, p.Ser567Leu and p.Ala393Thr, in cis. Pathologic examination of lung lavage is consistent with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. |
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| Mendeliome v0.9351 | MARS | Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Two families reported. One mutation positive family member was asymptomatic. Second case is proband only testing with no segregation or functional data. Note one of the variants identified in dominant MARS1-associated neuropathy, p.Arg618Cys, has also been reported in AR MARS1-related pulmonary interstiatial/liver disease.; to: Association with CMT: Two families reported. One mutation positive family member was asymptomatic. Second case is proband only testing with no segregation or functional data. Note one of the variants identified in dominant MARS1-associated neuropathy, p.Arg618Cys, has also been reported in AR MARS1-related pulmonary interstiatial/liver disease. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9351 | MARS |
Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: MARS: Added comment: Association with interstitial lung and liver disease: More than 5 unrelated families reported. Founder variants in Reunion Island, p.Ser567Leu and p.Ala393Thr, in cis. Pathologic examination of lung lavage is consistent with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis.; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed publications: 23729695, 24354524, 29655802, 24103465, 25913036; Changed phenotypes: Interstitial lung and liver disease, MIM#615486, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, axonal, type 2U, MIM# 616280; Changed mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal |
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| Mendeliome v0.9347 | AARS | Eleanor Williams changed review comment from: PMID: 33909043 - Botta et al 2021 - using WES or WGS analysis of 34 unsolved cases with multi-system phenotypes, but with hair alterations that are typical of trichothiodystrophy but no reported photosensitivity, they identified 2 unrelated cases carrying 4 potentially pathogenic variants in the AARS1 gene (previously known as AARSB. Both patients had very rare compound heterozygous missense variants. In one family there was an older affected sibling but segregation data was not available for either family.; to: PMID: 33909043 - Botta et al 2021 - using WES or WGS analysis of 34 unsolved cases with multi-system phenotypes, but with hair alterations that are typical of trichothiodystrophy but no reported photosensitivity, they identified 2 unrelated cases carrying 4 potentially pathogenic variants in the AARS1 gene (previously known as AARSB. Both patients had very rare compound heterozygous missense variants. In one family there was an older affected sibling but segregation data was not available for either family. Functional studies suggest that the variants affects gene product stability. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9328 | UNC13B |
Zornitza Stark gene: UNC13B was added gene: UNC13B was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: UNC13B was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: UNC13B were set to 33876820 Phenotypes for gene: UNC13B were set to Epilepsy Review for gene: UNC13B was set to RED Added comment: No OMIM human disease association. Gene encodes a presynaptic protein Munc13-2 highly expressed in the brain (predominantly cerebral cortex). Variant interpretation data in human epilepsy cohort somewhat conflicting and restricted to a single study. Conflicting data esp regarding MOI, and evidence for pathogenicity of several of the variants is limited. Wang et al, Brain, 2021 - trio-based whole-exome sequencing identified UNC13B in 12 individuals affected by partial epilepsy and/or febrile seizures from 8 unrelated families. Identified: x1 de novo nonsense variant, absent in gnomad, damaging in silicos x1 de novo splice site, absent in gnomad, damaging in silicos x1 splice site variant present in unaffected mother (low frequency in gnomad) x2 compound het in one individual - more severe phenotype postulated (x1 variant present in contro cohortl, the other variant present in low frequency in gnomad) x1 missense variant - in Han Chinese major depressive disorders study, not in gnomad x1 missense variant - highly conserved residue, not in gnomad x2 other missense variant - highly conserved residue, low frequency in gnomad Latter 4 missense variants cosegregated with affected individuals in the families In Drosophila, seizure rate and duration were increased by Unc13b knockdown compared to wild-type flies, but these effects were less pronounced than in sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 1 (Scn1a) knockdown Drosophila De novo UNC13B variants previously reported in bipolar disorder and autism spectrum disorder Sources: Expert Review |
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| Mendeliome v0.9327 | VARS2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: VARS2 were changed from to Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 20; OMIM #615917 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9324 | VARS2 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: VARS2: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 24827421, 25058219, 29137650, 29314548, 31064326, 31623496; Phenotypes: Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 20, OMIM #615917; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9312 | ERBB4 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ERBB4 were changed from to Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 19, MIM# MIM#615515; Intellectual disability | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9309 | ERBB4 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: ERBB4: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 24119685, 28889094, 33603162; Phenotypes: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 19, MIM# MIM#615515, Intellectual disability; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9297 | WLS |
Teresa Zhao changed review comment from: - We identified homozygous mutations in 10 affected persons from 5 unrelated families. - Patients had multiorgan defects, including microcephal, facial dysmorphism, foot syndactyly, renal agenesis, alopecia, iris coloboma, and heart defects. - The mutations affected WLS protein stability and Wnt signaling. Knock-in mice showed tissue and cell vulnerability consistent with Wnt-signaling intensity and individual and collective functions of Wnts in embryogenesis. Sources: Literature; to: - Homozygous mutations in 10 affected persons from 5 unrelated families. - Patients had multiorgan defects, including microcephal, facial dysmorphism, foot syndactyly, renal agenesis, alopecia, iris coloboma, and heart defects. - The mutations affected WLS protein stability and Wnt signaling. Knock-in mice showed tissue and cell vulnerability consistent with Wnt-signaling intensity and individual and collective functions of Wnts in embryogenesis. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.9297 | WLS |
Teresa Zhao gene: WLS was added gene: WLS was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: WLS was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: WLS were set to PMID: 34587386 Phenotypes for gene: WLS were set to Syndromic structural birth defects Review for gene: WLS was set to GREEN Added comment: - We identified homozygous mutations in 10 affected persons from 5 unrelated families. - Patients had multiorgan defects, including microcephal, facial dysmorphism, foot syndactyly, renal agenesis, alopecia, iris coloboma, and heart defects. - The mutations affected WLS protein stability and Wnt signaling. Knock-in mice showed tissue and cell vulnerability consistent with Wnt-signaling intensity and individual and collective functions of Wnts in embryogenesis. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.9296 | SHQ1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: SHQ1 was added gene: SHQ1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SHQ1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SHQ1 were set to 34542157; 29178645 Phenotypes for gene: SHQ1 were set to Dystonia; Neurodegeneration Review for gene: SHQ1 was set to AMBER Added comment: Three unrelated families reported. Family 1: isolated dystonia only; Family 2: dystonia, and neurodegeneration; Family 3: neurodegeneration. Rated Amber as phenotypes likely represent a continuum but currently unclear. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.9294 | SARS |
Bryony Thompson gene: SARS was added gene: SARS was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SARS was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SARS were set to 28236339; 34570399 Phenotypes for gene: SARS were set to Intellectual disability Review for gene: SARS was set to AMBER Added comment: Summary - 2 unrelated families with overlapping ID phenotype, and supporting in vitro and patient cell assays. PMID: 28236339 - an Iranian family (distantly related) segregating a homozygous missense (c.514G>A, p.Asp172Asn) with moderate ID, microcephaly, ataxia, speech impairment, and aggressive behaviour. Also, supporting in vitro functional assays demonstrating altered protein function. PMID: 34570399 - a consanguineous Turkish family segregating a homozygous missense (c.638G>T, p.(Arg213Leu)) with developmental delay, central deafness, cardiomyopathy, and metabolic decompensation during fever leading to death. Also, reduced protein level and enzymatic activity in patient cells. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.9285 | EIF3F | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: EIF3F: Added comment: Hüffmeier et al (2021) reported 21 patients who were homozygous/compound heterozygous for Phe232Val variant in EIF3F. All affected individuals had developmental delay and speech delay. About half had behavioural problems, altered muscular tone, hearing loss, and short stature. The study suggests that microcephaly, reduced sensitivity to pain, cleft lip/palate, gastrointestinal symptoms and ophthalmological symptoms are part of the phenotypic spectrum.; Changed publications: 30409806, 33736665; Changed phenotypes: Mental retardation, autosomal recessive 67, MIM# 618295 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9274 | CDH15 |
Zornitza Stark commented on gene: CDH15: PMID: 19012874 - 4 unrelated patients with missense variants and mild-severe ID. Only two genes checked. All variants are common in gnomAD (>20 hets each) and classified as VUS or likely benign in ClinVar (paper is from 2008, pre-dates gnomAD). Functional studies were performed showing a LOF effect, where cell adhesion was reduced. However NMD PTCs are present in gnomAD (many >=6 hets each) PMID: 12052883 - null mouse model were viable, showed no gross developmental defects. In particular, the skeletal musculature appeared essentially normal. In the cerebellum of M-cadherin-lacking mutants, typical contactus adherens junctions were present and similar in size and numbers to the equivalent junctions in wild-type animals. However, the adhesion plaques in the cerebellum of these mutants appeared to contain elevated levels of N-cadherin compared to wild-type animals. PMID: 28422132 - reviewed microdeletions spanning multiple genes including CDH15, suggests it may contribute to a more severe neurological phenotype, with particular regard to brain malformations. PMID: 26506440 - speculates low penetrance for PTCs in this gene. Acknowledges variants in ExAC, describes them as benign Note no P/LP variants in ClinVar |
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| Mendeliome v0.9252 | MAOB |
Zornitza Stark gene: MAOB was added gene: MAOB was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: MAOB was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: MAOB were set to 31700678 Phenotypes for gene: MAOB were set to Cerebral palsy Review for gene: MAOB was set to RED Added comment: Variants identified in 2 unrelated individuals with CP (with same variant also identified in unaffected monozygotic twin). Sources: Expert Review |
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| Mendeliome v0.9243 | NPR3 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: NPR3 were changed from to Boudin-Mortier syndrome, MIM#619543; Tall stature, skeletal abnormalities, aortic dilatation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9240 | NPR3 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: NPR3: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 30032985; Phenotypes: Boudin-Mortier syndrome, MIM#619543, Tall stature, skeletal abnormalities, aortic dilatation; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9233 | ZC4H2 | Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ZC4H2 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9232 | ZC4H2 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: ZC4H2: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 23623388, 34322088, 33949289, 31885220, 31206972; Phenotypes: Wieacker-Wolff syndrome, MIM# 314580; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9230 | LRRK1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: LRRK1 was added gene: LRRK1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: LRRK1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: LRRK1 were set to 27829680; 27055475; 31571209; 32119750 Phenotypes for gene: LRRK1 were set to Osteosclerotic metaphyseal dysplasia (OSMD) (OMIM: 615198) Review for gene: LRRK1 was set to GREEN Added comment: At least 4 unrelated families reported. Sources: Expert Review |
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| Mendeliome v0.9216 | LBX1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: LBX1 was added gene: LBX1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: LBX1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: LBX1 were set to 30487221 Phenotypes for gene: LBX1 were set to Central hypoventilation syndrome, congenital, 3, MIM#619483 Review for gene: LBX1 was set to AMBER Added comment: Two siblings reported with homozygous LoF variant in this gene, supportive mouse model. Sources: Expert Review |
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| Mendeliome v0.9211 | RAF1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: RAF1 were changed from to Noonan syndrome 5, MIM# 611553; Cardiomyopathy, dilated, 1NN, MIM# 615916 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9207 | RAF1 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: RAF1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: Loss-of-function variants (as defined in pop up message) DO NOT cause this phenotype - please provide details in the comments; Publications: 17603483, 17603482, 31145547, 31030682, 29271604, 24777450; Phenotypes: Noonan syndrome 5, MIM# 611553, Cardiomyopathy, dilated, 1NN, MIM# 615916; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9203 | B9D1 |
Bryony Thompson changed review comment from: hNow N PMID: 34338422 - compound het missense and frameshift variant in a proband with anal atresia with vestibular fistula, ventricular septal defect, and right renal agenesis (VACTERL cohort) PMID: 21763481 - B9d1 -/- mouse displayed polydactyly, kidney cysts, ductal plate malformations, and abnormal patterning of the neural tube, concomitant with compromised ciliogenesis, ciliary protein localization, and Hedgehog (Hh) signal transduction.; to: 3 unrelated cases with a syndromic phenotype and a supporting null mouse model PMID: 34338422 - compound het missense and frameshift variant in a proband with anal atresia with vestibular fistula, ventricular septal defect, and right renal agenesis (VACTERL cohort) PMID: 24886560 - 2 Joubert syndrome cases PMID: 21763481 - B9d1 -/- mouse displayed polydactyly, kidney cysts, ductal plate malformations, and abnormal patterning of the neural tube, concomitant with compromised ciliogenesis, ciliary protein localization, and Hedgehog (Hh) signal transduction. |
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| Mendeliome v0.9199 | PNLDC1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: PNLDC1 was added gene: PNLDC1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: PNLDC1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: PNLDC1 were set to 34347949 Phenotypes for gene: PNLDC1 were set to Spermatogenic failure 57, MIM# 619528 Review for gene: PNLDC1 was set to GREEN Added comment: Four unrelated individuals reported. Sources: Expert Review |
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| Mendeliome v0.9171 | TAF2 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: TAF2: Added comment: New report of 4 individuals from 2 unrelated families, with severe intellectual disability, global developmental delay, postnatal microcephaly, feet deformities and thin corpus callosum. They had homozygous TAF2 missense variants detected by Exome Sequencing.; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed publications: 21937992, 22633631, 26350204, 24084144, 34474177 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9162 | GPX1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: GPX1 was added gene: GPX1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: GPX1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: GPX1 were set to 1131421; 476008; 5766310; 2492138 Phenotypes for gene: GPX1 were set to Haemolytic anaemia due to glutathione peroxidase deficiency MIM#614164 Review for gene: GPX1 was set to RED Added comment: No individuals reported with GPX1 variants identified as the cause of Haemolytic anaemia due to glutathione peroxidase deficiency. Multiple papers report a number of cases of Haemolytic anaemia due to glutathione peroxidase deficiency, however there is no defined link or variant to GPX1 (PMID: 5766310. PMID: 1131421, PMID: 2492138, PMID: 476008) Overall, lowered glutathione peroxidase activity has been observed in a number of individuals with haemolytic anaemia however the evidence for a cause-and-effect relationship between the enzyme deficiency and the presenting anaemia is not evident. Sources: Expert Review |
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| Mendeliome v0.9157 | COL14A1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: COL14A1 was added gene: COL14A1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: COL14A1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: COL14A1 were set to 22972947 Phenotypes for gene: COL14A1 were set to Punctate palmoplantar keratoderma type 1B Review for gene: COL14A1 was set to RED Added comment: 4 affected individuals and 2 unaffected controls from one Chinese PPPK family where disease locus was mapped at 8q24.13-8q24.21 by previous linkage analysis. Exome sequencing analysis identified a heterozygous variant in COL14A1 gene (c.4505C>T (p.Pro1502Leu)). The variant was shared by 4 affected individuals, but not 2 controls of the family. Sanger sequencing confirmed this variant in another four cases from this family. Variant was absent in the normal controls of this family as well as 676 unrelated normal controls and 781 patients with other disease. The missense substitution occurs at a highly conserved amino acid residue across multiple species. Sources: Expert Review |
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| Mendeliome v0.9144 | STEAP3 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Single family reported. Three affected sibs, variant inherited from unaffected father. Some supportive functional evidence.; to: Single family reported. Three affected sibs, variant inherited from unaffected father. Some supportive functional evidence. Conflicting evidence (PMID 26675350): Large Chinese study (of normal and α-thalassemia subjects) investigated the prevalence of STEAP3 mutations in humans and their physiologic consequences. Discovered a relatively high prevalence of potentially harmful recessive alleles. However, whilst the identified STEAP3 mutations exhibited impaired ferrireductase activity in vitro, they had little or no effect on erythrocyte phenotypes |
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| Mendeliome v0.9125 | SLC26A1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: SLC26A1 were changed from to Nephrolithiasis, calcium oxalate, MIM#167030 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9121 | SLC26A1 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: SLC26A1: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 27210743, 20160351, 30383413, 27125215; Phenotypes: Nephrolithiasis, calcium oxalate, MIM#167030; Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9121 | RHAG | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: RHAG were changed from to Anaemia, haemolytic, Rh-null, regulator type MIM# 268150; Overhydrated hereditary stomatocytosis MIM#185000 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9109 | RHAG | Danielle Ariti reviewed gene: RHAG: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 30990901, 28470789, 4962358, 18931342, 21849667, 23406318; Phenotypes: Anaemia, haemolytic, Rh-null, regulator type MIM# 268150, Overhydrated hereditary stomatocytosis MIM#185000; Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9101 | UMPS |
Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: UMPS: Added comment: 20 unrelated patients have been reported with biallelic missense variants; one mouse model Orotic aciduria is characterised by megaloblastic anaemia and orotic acid crystalluria, frequently associated with a degree of physical and intellectual disability. Other features include, congenital malformations (Atrial/ Ventricular septal defect) and immunodeficiencies (T-cell dysfunction, failure to thrive, recurrent infections). Haematology features - Megaloblastic anaemia - Low to normal reticulocyte count - Anisocytosis - Poikilocytosis - Hypochromia; Changed publications: 9042911, 33489760; Changed phenotypes: Orotic aciduria, MIM# 258900 |
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| Mendeliome v0.9098 | TPI1 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: More than 10 unrelated families reported; bi-allelic (missense, nonsense, frameshift) variants; Common p.Glu104Asp variant in Northern European population Triosephosphate isomerase deficiency (TPID) is an autosomal recessive multisystem disorder characterised by early childhood onset congenital hemolytic anaemia, and progressive neuromuscular dysfunction. Many patients die from respiratory failure in childhood. The neurological features are variable, but usually includes lower motor neuron dysfunction with hypotonia, muscle weakness and atrophy, and hyporeflexia. Other features include intracellular accumulation of dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP), particularly in red blood cells and increased susceptibility to infections.; to: More than 10 unrelated families reported; bi-allelic (missense, nonsense, frameshift) variants; Common p.Glu104Asp variant in Northern European population Triosephosphate isomerase deficiency (TPID) is an autosomal recessive multisystem disorder characterised by early childhood onset congenital haemolytic anaemia, and progressive neuromuscular dysfunction. Many patients die from respiratory failure in childhood. The neurological features are variable, but usually includes lower motor neuron dysfunction with hypotonia, muscle weakness and atrophy, and hyporeflexia. Other features include intracellular accumulation of dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP), particularly in red blood cells and increased susceptibility to infections. |
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| Mendeliome v0.9098 | TPI1 |
Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: TPI1: Added comment: More than 10 unrelated families reported; bi-allelic (missense, nonsense, frameshift) variants; Common p.Glu104Asp variant in Northern European population Triosephosphate isomerase deficiency (TPID) is an autosomal recessive multisystem disorder characterised by early childhood onset congenital hemolytic anaemia, and progressive neuromuscular dysfunction. Many patients die from respiratory failure in childhood. The neurological features are variable, but usually includes lower motor neuron dysfunction with hypotonia, muscle weakness and atrophy, and hyporeflexia. Other features include intracellular accumulation of dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP), particularly in red blood cells and increased susceptibility to infections.; Changed publications: 9338582, 32873690, 8503454; Changed phenotypes: Haemolytic anaemia due to triosephosphate isomerase deficiency, MIM# 615512 |
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| Mendeliome v0.9088 | PRICKLE2 |
Hazel Phillimore changed review comment from: Six subjects from four unrelated families with heterozygous variants (two de novo missense (c.122 C>T; p.(Pro41Leu) and c.680C>G; p.(Thr227Arg)), one de novo nonsense variant (c.214 C>T; p.(Arg72*) and one frameshift variant (c.1286_1287delGT; p.(Ser429Thrfs*56)) which segregated with the disease in three affected females. Loss-of-function (homozygous) variants cause seizures in flies, and both heterozygous and homozygous mice showed behavioral abnormalities including altered social interaction, learning abnormalities, and behavioural inflexibility. PubMed: 21276947.; to: Six subjects from four unrelated families with neurodevelopmental delay, behavioural difficulties and epilepsy had heterozygous variants, either de novo or segregating with disease. Two missense were de novo, c.122 C>T; p.(Pro41Leu) and c.680C>G; p.(Thr227Arg); one nonsense variant was de novo (c.214 C>T; p.(Arg72*); and one frameshift variant segregated with the disorder in three affected females (c.1286_1287delGT; p.(Ser429Thrfs*56)). Loss-of-function (homozygous) variants have been shown to cause seizures in flies; and both heterozygous and homozygous mice have shown behavioral abnormalities including altered social interaction, learning abnormalities, and behavioral inflexibility (PubMed: 21276947). |
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| Mendeliome v0.9081 | LRP1 | Seb Lunke Added comment: Comment on list classification: Two papers without related phenotypes and little overall evidence for gene disease association. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9068 | CACNA1I |
Kristin Rigbye gene: CACNA1I was added gene: CACNA1I was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: CACNA1I was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: CACNA1I were set to 33704440 Phenotypes for gene: CACNA1I were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder Mode of pathogenicity for gene: CACNA1I was set to Other Review for gene: CACNA1I was set to GREEN Added comment: 4 different missense variants identified and shown to result in a gain of function. 2 individuals with de novo variants (a 3rd also suspected de novo but their father was unavailable for testing) - these patients all had severe neurodevelopmental disorders, involving severe global developmental delay, absence of speech, gross motor delay, muscular hypotonia, early-onset seizures, cortical visual impairment, and feeding difficulties. Variable clinical features include various brain malformations, startle response or seizures, postnatal growth retardation, gastroesophageal reflux, and gastrostomy. 1 family had three affected individuals - variable cognitive impairment in all, involving borderline intellectual functioning or mild or moderate intellectual disability as main clinical feature, with late-onset seizures in the mother and speech retardation in one of the children. This variant had a milder functional effect than the variants in sporadic cases. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.9067 | GLIS1 |
Seb Lunke changed review comment from: Functional studies in KO mice show increased intra-ocular pressure (IOT) caused by defects in the ocular drainage system. IOT is frequently associated with Glaucoma, however mice were not investigated for glaucoma, and no patients described. Sources: Literature; to: Functional studies in KO mice show increased intra-ocular pressure (IOT) caused by defects in the ocular drainage system. IOT is frequently associated with Glaucoma, however mice were not investigated for glaucoma, and no patients described. The authors did show dysregulation of GLIS1 in a human cell line study, and performed linkage analysis suggesting an association of the GLIS1 locus with Glaucoma in UK biobank samples. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.9065 | SLC32A1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: SLC32A1 was added gene: SLC32A1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC32A1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: SLC32A1 were set to 34038384 Phenotypes for gene: SLC32A1 were set to Genetic epilepsy with febrile seizures plus Review for gene: SLC32A1 was set to GREEN Added comment: 8 unrelated families reported, including segregation evidence in two large pedigrees. Variants are predicted to alter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transport into synaptic vesicles, leading to altered neuronal inhibition. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.9061 | G6PD | Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: G6PD was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9060 | G6PD | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: G6PD: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 18177777; Phenotypes: Haemolytic anemia, G6PD deficient (favism), MIM# 300908; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9054 | DHFR | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: DHFR were changed from to Megaloblastic anaemia due to dihydrofolate reductase deficiency, MIM# 613839 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9051 | DHFR | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: DHFR: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 21310276, 21310277; Phenotypes: Megaloblastic anaemia due to dihydrofolate reductase deficiency, MIM# 613839; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9037 | AK1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: AK1 were changed from to Haemolytic anaemia due to adenylate kinase deficiency, MIM# 612631 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9034 | AK1 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: AK1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 2542324, 9432020, 10233365, 34321014; Phenotypes: Haemolytic anemia due to adenylate kinase deficiency, MIM# 612631; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.9021 | CHRM1 |
Bryony Thompson gene: CHRM1 was added gene: CHRM1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: CHRM1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: CHRM1 were set to 34212451; 31981491; 12483218 Phenotypes for gene: CHRM1 were set to Neurodevelopmental delay; intellectual disability; autism Review for gene: CHRM1 was set to AMBER Added comment: PMID: 34212451 - 2 unrelated cases with de novo missense variants (p.Pro380Leu and p.Phe425Ser), one case with early-onset refractory epilepsy, severe disability, and progressive cerebral and cerebellar atrophy, and the second case with mild dysmorphism, global developmental delay, and moderate intellectual disability. In vitro biochemical analyses of p.Pro380Leu demonstrated a reduction in protein levels, impaired cellular trafficking, and defective activation of intracellular signaling pathways. PMID: 31981491 - an autism spectrum disorder (no other information on phenotype, except ascertained to have severe neurodevelopmental delay) case with a de novo missense variant p.(Arg210Leu) PMID: 12483218 - null mouse model assessing memory demonstrated selective cognitive dysfunction. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.9012 | NPR2 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Over 15 unrelated families; Biallelic (missense, nonsense, frameshift, splice) NPR2 variants; loss of function; multiple mouse models. Disorder is characterised by severe dwarfism with shortening of the middle and distal segments of the limbs (disproportionate) with skeletal growth falling off sharply after birth.; to: Bi-allelic variants: Over 15 unrelated families; Biallelic (missense, nonsense, frameshift, splice) NPR2 variants; loss of function; multiple mouse models. Disorder is characterised by severe dwarfism with shortening of the middle and distal segments of the limbs (disproportionate) with skeletal growth falling off sharply after birth. Mono-allelic variants have been linked to both tall stature and short stature disorders. Multiple families. |
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| Mendeliome v0.9009 | SHOX2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: SHOX2 was added gene: SHOX2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: SHOX2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: SHOX2 were set to 30443179 Phenotypes for gene: SHOX2 were set to Sinus Node Dysfunction; Atrial Fibrillation Review for gene: SHOX2 was set to RED Added comment: Single family reported with LoF in this gene and AF. Sources: Expert Review |
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| Mendeliome v0.8987 | FAME2 |
Bryony Thompson STR: FAME2 was added STR: FAME2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for STR: FAME2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for STR: FAME2 were set to 11701600; 24114805; 31664034 Phenotypes for STR: FAME2 were set to Epilepsy, familial adult myoclonic, 2 MIM#607876 Review for STR: FAME2 was set to GREEN STR: FAME2 was marked as clinically relevant Added comment: NM_020151.3(STARD7):c.291-1572ATTTT[X]ATTTC[X] 158 affected individuals from 22 unrelated families with familial adult myoclonic epilepsy with a heterozygous 5-bp repeat expansion (ATTTC)n in intron 1. Affected individuals had variable expansion of an endogenous (ATTTT)n repeat in addition to the insertion of an abnormal (ATTTC)n repeat, similar molecular finding in other forms of FAME. RNA sequencing from patient derived fibroblasts shows no accumulation of the AUUUU or AUUUC repeat sequences and no effect on STARD7 gene expression, suggesting ATTTC expansions may cause FAME irrespective of the genomic locus involved. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.8981 | PI4KA | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: PI4KA: Added comment: Neurodevelopmental syndrome with hypomyelinating leukodystrophy: 10 unrelated patients harbouring biallelic variants in PI4KA reported with a spectrum of severe global neurodevelopmental delay, hypomyelination, and developmental brain abnormalities, and pure spastic paraplegia. Some patients presented immunological deficits or genito-urinary abnormalities. Western blotting and immunofluorescence showed decreased PI4KA levels in the patients' fibroblasts. Immunofluorescence and targeted lipidomics indicated that PI4KA activity was diminished in fibroblasts and peripheral blood mononuclear cells.; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed publications: 25855803, 34415322; Changed phenotypes: Polymicrogyria, perisylvian, with cerebellar hypoplasia and arthrogryposis, MIM# 616531, Neurodevelopmental syndrome with hypomyelinating leukodystrophy | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.8980 | NIID |
Bryony Thompson STR: NIID was added STR: NIID was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for STR: NIID was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for STR: NIID were set to 31178126; 31332381; 31819945; 33887199; 33943039; 32250060; 31332380; 32852534; 32989102; 34333668 Phenotypes for STR: NIID were set to Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease MIM#603472; Oculopharyngodistal myopathy 3 MIM#619473; Tremor, hereditary essential, 6 MIM#618866 Review for STR: NIID was set to GREEN STR: NIID was marked as clinically relevant Added comment: NM_001364012.2:c.-164GGC[X] Expanded repeat in NOTCH2NLC sequence is (GGC)9(GGA)2(GGC)2. Large number of families and sporadic cases reported with expansions, with a range of neurodegenerative phenotypes, including: dementia, Parkinsonism/tremor, peripheral neuropathy, leukoencephalopathy, myopathy, motor neurone disease. Normal repeat range: 4-40, 1 control had 61 repeats and may have been a presymptomatic carrier. Intermediate range: 41-60 identified in Parkinson's disease Pathogenic repeat range: >=60-520 Mechanism of disease is translation of repeat expansion into a toxic polyglycine protein, identified in both mouse models and tissue samples from affected individuals. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.8969 | MYO1H |
Zornitza Stark gene: MYO1H was added gene: MYO1H was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: MYO1H was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: MYO1H were set to 28779001 Phenotypes for gene: MYO1H were set to Central hypoventilation syndrome, congenital, 2, and autonomic dysfunction, MIM#619482 Review for gene: MYO1H was set to RED Added comment: Single family reported with three affected children, homozygous LoF variant. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.8962 | TBX1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: TBX1 were changed from to DiGeorge syndrome MIM# 188400; Velocardiofacial syndrome MIM# 192430; Decreased T cells; Hypoparathyroidism; Conotruncal cardiac malformation; velopalatal insufficiency; abnormal facies (cleft palate, prominent tubular nose etc); intellectual disability; Immunodeficiency; thymic hypoplasia or aplasia with resultant T‐cell dysfunction; renal anomalies; autoimmunity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.8959 | TBX1 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: TBX1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 20301696, 31830774, 16684884; Phenotypes: DiGeorge syndrome MIM# 188400, Velocardiofacial syndrome MIM# 192430, Decreased T cells, Hypoparathyroidism, Conotruncal cardiac malformation, velopalatal insufficiency, abnormal facies (cleft palate, prominent tubular nose etc), intellectual disability, Immunodeficiency, thymic hypoplasia or aplasia with resultant T‐cell dysfunction, renal anomalies, autoimmunity; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.8959 | RTEL1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: RTEL1 were changed from to Dyskeratosis congenita, autosomal dominant 4 MIM# 615190; Dyskeratosis congenita, autosomal recessive 5 MIM# 615190; Pulmonary fibrosis and/or bone marrow failure, telomere-related, 3 MIM# 616373 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.8956 | RTEL1 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: RTEL1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 20301779, 23329068, 15210109, 23453664, 19461895, 25848748, 25607374; Phenotypes: Dyskeratosis congenita, autosomal dominant 4 MIM# 615190, Dyskeratosis congenita, autosomal recessive 5 MIM# 615190, Pulmonary fibrosis and/or bone marrow failure, telomere-related, 3 MIM# 616373; Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.8956 | RMRP |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Over 60 pathogenic RMRP variants have been reported resulting in CHH phenotypes; multiple mouse models Homozygous and Compound heterozygous (insertions, duplications and missense) variants have been reported resulting in loss of function. *Founder variant g.70A>G (Amish and Finnish populations) CHH individuals present with variable features that may include: shortened limbs, short stature, metaphysical dysplasia, fine, sparse and/or light-coloured hair, hematologic abnormalities and a spectrum of combined immunodeficiency.; to: Over 60 pathogenic RMRP variants have been reported resulting in CHH phenotypes; multiple mouse models Homozygous and Compound heterozygous (insertions, duplications and missense) variants have been reported resulting in loss of function. *Founder variant g.70A>G (Amish and Finnish populations) CHH individuals present with variable features that may include: shortened limbs, short stature, metaphysical dysplasia, fine, sparse and/or light-coloured hair, hematologic abnormalities and a spectrum of combined immunodeficiency. Anauxetic dysplasia 1, MIM# 607095 is a more severe phenotype, whereas Metaphyseal dysplasia without hypotrichosis, MIM# 250460 is milder. |
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| Mendeliome v0.8940 | EDEM3 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: EDEM3 were changed from Congenital disorder of glycosylation; Developmental delay to Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type 2V, MIM# 619493 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.8939 | EDEM3 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: EDEM3: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type 2V, MIM# 619493; Mode of inheritance: None | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.8935 | MTHFD1 | Danielle Ariti reviewed gene: MTHFD1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: Combined immunodeficiency and megaloblastic anemia with or without hyperhomocysteinaemia MIM # 617780, Decreased Ig levels, poor antibody responses to conjugated polysaccharide antigens, low B/T/NK cells, Recurrent bacterial infection, megaloblastic anaemia, failure to thrive, neutropenia, seizures, intellectual disability, folate-responsive, Lymphopaenia; Phenotypes: 32414565, 19033438; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.8932 | GHSR | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: GHSR were changed from to Growth hormone deficiency, isolated partial, MIM# 615925 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.8928 | GHSR | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: GHSR: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 25557026, 19789204, 16511605; Phenotypes: Growth hormone deficiency, isolated partial, MIM# 615925; Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.8927 | GHRHR | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: GHRHR were changed from to Growth hormone deficiency, isolated, type IV, MIM# 618157 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.8924 | GHRHR | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: GHRHR: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 8528260, 10084571, 11232012; Phenotypes: Growth hormone deficiency, isolated, type IV, MIM# 618157; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.8913 | GH1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: GH1 were changed from to Growth hormone deficiency, isolated, type IA, MIM# 262400; Growth hormone deficiency, isolated, type II, MIM# 173100; Kowarski syndrome, MIM# 262650 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.8910 | GH1 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: GH1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 2840669, 1603635, 12655557, 15671105, 8552145, 9276733, 15713716; Phenotypes: Growth hormone deficiency, isolated, type IA, MIM# 262400, Growth hormone deficiency, isolated, type II, MIM# 173100, Kowarski syndrome, MIM# 262650; Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.8900 | RNU4ATAC |
Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: RNU4ATAC: Added comment: Lowry-Wood syndrome (LWS) is characterized by multiple epiphyseal dysplasia and microcephaly. Patients exhibit intrauterine growth retardation and short stature, as well as developmental delay and intellectual disability. Retinal degeneration has been reported in some patients. Four unrelated families reported. Note features between the three RNU4ATAC-related conditions overlap and they may not represent distinct disorders.; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed publications: 29265708, 12605445; Changed phenotypes: Lowry-Wood syndrome, MIM# 226960; Changed mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal |
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| Mendeliome v0.8891 | JPH2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: JPH2 were changed from Cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic, MIM#613873; dilated cardiomyopathy to Cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic, MIM#613873; Cardiomyopathy, dilated, 2E, MIM# 619492 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.8890 | JPH2 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: JPH2: Changed phenotypes: Cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic, MIM#613873, Cardiomyopathy, dilated, 2E, MIM# 619492 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.8889 | ZNF699 |
Zornitza Stark gene: ZNF699 was added gene: ZNF699 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ZNF699 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: ZNF699 were set to 33875846 Phenotypes for gene: ZNF699 were set to DEGCAGS syndrome, MIM# 619488 Review for gene: ZNF699 was set to GREEN Added comment: DEGCAGS syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by global developmental delay, coarse and dysmorphic facial features, and poor growth and feeding apparent from infancy. Affected individuals have variable systemic manifestations often with significant structural defects of the cardiovascular, genitourinary, gastrointestinal, and/or skeletal systems. Additional features may include sensorineural hearing loss, hypotonia, anaemia or pancytopaenia, and immunodeficiency with recurrent infections. 12 unrelated families reported, 5 different homozygous frameshift variants. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.8886 | SMC1A | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: SMC1A: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 29023665, 31409060, 31334757, 28166369; Phenotypes: Cornelia de Lange syndrome 2, MIM# 300590, Epileptic encephalopathy, early infantile, 85, with or without midline brain defects, MIM# 301044; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.8880 | PAPPA2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: PAPPA2 was added gene: PAPPA2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: PAPPA2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: PAPPA2 were set to 26902202; 34272725; 32739295 Phenotypes for gene: PAPPA2 were set to Short stature, Dauber-Argente type, MIM#619489 Review for gene: PAPPA2 was set to GREEN Added comment: Short stature of the Dauber-Argente type (SSDA) is characterized by progressive postnatal growth failure, moderate microcephaly, thin long bones, and mildly decreased bone density. Patients have elevated circulating levels of total IGF1 due to impaired proteolysis of IGFBP3 and IGFBP5, resulting in reduced free IGF1. 7 individuals from 3 unrelated families reported, mouse model. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.8861 | IGF2 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: RSS phenotype.; to: Silver-Russell syndrome-3 (SRS3) is characterized by intrauterine growth retardation with relative macrocephaly, followed by feeding difficulties and postnatal growth restriction. Dysmorphic facial features include triangular face, prominent forehead, and low-set ears. Other variable features include limb defects, genitourinary and cardiovascular anomalies, hearing impairment, and developmental delay. Disruption of any gene in the HMGA2-PLAG1-IGF2 pathway results in a decrease in IGF2 expression and produces an SRS phenotype similar to that of patients carrying 11p15.5 epigenetic defects. Begemann et al. (2015) performed exome sequencing in 4 affected people with severe growth restriction in one family, and identified a heterozygous nonsense mutation in the IGF2 gene that segregated fully with the disorder. Affected individuals inherited the mutation from their healthy fathers, and it originated from the healthy paternal grandmother. Clinical features occurred only in those who inherited the variant allele through paternal transmission, consistent with maternal imprinting of IGF2. Many other cases reported since with de novo mutations in IGF2 present on the paternal allele. |
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| Mendeliome v0.8853 | PLAG1 |
Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: PLAG1: Added comment: Additional families reported, upgrade to Green. Silver-Russell syndrome-4 (SRS4) is characterised by intrauterine growth retardation followed by feeding difficulties and postnatal growth restriction. Dysmorphic facial features include triangular face and prominent forehead, and relative macrocephaly at birth may be observed. So far 4 families have been reported with some functional studies of the role of the gene in the growth pathway. Abi Habib et al. (2018) reported 1 family (child, sister and mother) patient with Silver-Russell syndrome (with normal methylation on chromosomes 7, 11, and 14, and exclusion of maternal UPD and chromosomal rearrangements). Using WES they identified a heterozygous 1-bp deletion in the PLAG1 gene. The variant segregated with disease, and was not present in polymorphism databases or ExAC. They also reported another patient with a different heterozygous 1-bp deletion in the PLAG1 gene. This was not found in her unaffected twin brother, older brother, or parents. Experiments in Hep3b cells demonstrated that PLAG1 positively regulates expression of the IGF2 promoter P3, independently and via the HMGA2-PLAG1-IGF2 pathway. Disruption of any gene in the pathway results in a decrease in IGF2 expression and produces an SRS phenotype similar to that of patients carrying 11p15.5 epigenetic defects (SRS1; 180860), except for body asymmetry, which is not expected to occur since the molecular defects are present in all cells of the body, unlike the mosaic epigenetic changes at the 11p15.5 locus. Inoue et al. (2020) reported 1 family with 2 affected people with Silver-Russell syndrome with a nonsense variant in the PLAG1 gene, which segregated with disease. Vado et al. (2020) reported 1 family with multiple affected people with Silver-Russell syndrome with a frameshift variant in the PLAG1 gene, which segregated with disease.; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed publications: 28796236, 29913240, 33291420, 32546215 |
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| Mendeliome v0.8851 | WIPF1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: WIPF1 were changed from to Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome 2 MIM# 614493; Reduced T cells; defective lymphocyte responses to anti-CD3; high IgE; Thrombocytopenia with or without small platelets; recurrent bacterial and viral Infections; eczema; bloody diarrhoea; gastrointestinal bleeding; WAS protein absent | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.8838 | PGRMC1 | Bryony Thompson Phenotypes for gene: PGRMC1 were changed from Premature ovarian failure to Premature ovarian failure; Isolated paediatric cataract | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.8836 | WIPF1 | Danielle Ariti reviewed gene: WIPF1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 22231303, 27742395, 11869681, 14757742; Phenotypes: Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome 2 MIM# 614493, Reduced T cells, defective lymphocyte responses to anti-CD3, high IgE, Thrombocytopenia with or without small platelets, recurrent bacterial and viral Infections, eczema, bloody diarrhoea, gastrointestinal bleeding, WAS protein absent; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.8835 | PGRMC1 | Bryony Thompson reviewed gene: PGRMC1: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 33867527, 23783460; Phenotypes: Isolated paediatric cataract; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.8835 | ALS2 |
Teresa Zhao gene: ALS2 was added gene: ALS2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ALS2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: ALS2 were set to PMID: 30128655; 33409823 Phenotypes for gene: ALS2 were set to Infantile onset ascending spastic paralysis (MIM#607225); Juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 2 (MIM#205100); Juvenile primary lateral sclerosis (MIM#606353) Review for gene: ALS2 was set to GREEN Added comment: >50 variants reported in multiple individuals with Infantile onset ascending spastic paralysis, mostly originated from the Middle East and Mediterranean countries. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.8834 | RNF220 |
Zornitza Stark gene: RNF220 was added gene: RNF220 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: RNF220 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: RNF220 were set to 33964137; 10881263 Phenotypes for gene: RNF220 were set to Leukodystrophy; CNS hypomyelination; Ataxia; Intellectual disability; Sensorineural hearing impairment; Elevated hepatic transaminases; Hepatic fibrosis; Dilated cardiomyopathy; Spastic paraplegia; Dysarthria; Abnormality of the corpus callosum Review for gene: RNF220 was set to GREEN Added comment: Sferra et al (2021 - PMID: 33964137) provide extensive evidence that biallelic RNF220 mutations cause a disorder characterized by hypomyelinating leukodystrophy, ataxia (9/9 - onset 1-5y), borderline intellectual functioning (3/9) / intellectual disability (5/9 - in most cases mild), sensorineural deafness (9/9) with complete hearing loss in the first decade of life, hepatopathy (9/9) with associated periportal fibrosis, and dilated cardiomyopathy (9/9) which was fatal. Other neurologic manifestations apart from ataxia incl. hyperreflexia (8/8), spastic paraplegia (9/9), dysarthria (9/9), peripheral neuropathy (4/9), seizures in one case (1/9). Upon brain MRI there was thin corpus callosum (9/9) or cerebellar atrophy in some (2/9). The authors identified homozygosity for 2 recurrent missense RNF220 variants in affected members belonging to these 5 broad consanguineous pedigrees (7 families), namely NM_018150.4:c.1094G>A / p.Arg365Gly in 4 Roma families in the context of a shared haplotype (/founder effect) as well as c.1088G>A / p.Arg363Gly in a large pedigree from southern Italy initially reported by Leuzzi et al (2000 - PMID: 10881263). Extensive segregation analyses were carried out including several affected and unaffected members. RNF220 encodes ring finger protein 220, which functions as an E3 ubiquitin ligase. Previous studies have shown among others a role in modulation of Sonic hedgehog/GLI signaling and cerebellar development Evidence for the role of RNF220 included relevant expression, localization within the cell, interaction partners (lamin B1, 20S proteasome), similarities with other laminopathies in terms of phenotype, etc : *RNF220 has a relevant expression pattern in CNS (based on qRT-PCR analyses in human brain, cerebellum, cerebral cortex / mRNA levels in human fetal CNS with higher expression in cerebellum, spinal cord and cortex / previous GTEx data / protein levels in mouse CNS) *The protein displays nuclear localization based on iPSC cells differentiated to motor neurons (also supported by data from the Human Protein Atlas). Transfection of COS-1 cells demonstrated localization primarily to the nucleus (as also previously demonstrated in HEK293T cells) in vesicle like structures with ASF2/SF2 colocalization suggesting enrichment in nuclear speckles. There was also partial co-distribution with the 20S proteasome. R363Q and R365Q additionally coalesced in the cytoplasm forming protein aggregates/inclusions. *Immunofluorescence studies in patient fibroblasts also confirmed abnormal increase of the protein in the cytoplasm and increased fluorescence with the 20S proteasome. *Proteomic identification of RNF220-interacting proteins in transfected HEK293T cells demonstrated enrichment for all members of the lamin protein family (incl . lamin B1, AC, B2). *RNAi-mediated downregulation of RNF222 in Drosophila suggested altered subcellular localization and accumulation of the fly orthologue for human lamin B1. *Immunoprecipitation of lamin B1 from the nuclear matrix of cerebellar cells suggested significant interaction of endogenous lamin B1 with RNF220, while transfection studies in HEK293T cells for wt/mt suggested reduced binding to endogenous lamin B1 for RNF220 mt compared to wt (more prominent for R365Q). RNF220 mutants also reduced ubiquitination of nuclear lamin B1 compared to wt. *Patient fibroblasts immunostained with different nuclear envelope markers displayed abnormal nuclear shapes with multiple invaginations and lobulations, findings also observed in laminopathies. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.8829 | ARF3 |
Zornitza Stark gene: ARF3 was added gene: ARF3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ARF3 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: ARF3 were set to 34346499 Phenotypes for gene: ARF3 were set to Global developmental delay; Intellectual disability; Seizures; Morphological abnormality of the central nervous system Review for gene: ARF3 was set to AMBER Added comment: Sakamoto et al (2021 - PMID: 34346499) provide some evidence that monoallelic ARF3 pathogenic variants may be associated with a NDD with brain abnormality. Using trio exome sequencing, the authors identified 2 individuals with NDD harboring de novo ARF3 variants, namely: NM_001659.2:c.200A>T / p.Asp67Val and c.296G>T / p.Arg99Leu. Individual 1 (with Asp67Val / age : 4y10m), appeared to be more severelely affected with prenatal onset progressive microcephaly, severe global DD, epilepsy. Upon MRI there was cerebellar and brainstem atrophy. Individual 2 (Arg99Leu / 14y) had severe DD and ID (IQ of 23), epilepsy and upon MRI cerebellar hypoplasia. This subject did not exhibit microcephaly. Common facial features incl. broad nose, full cheeks, small philtrum, strabismus, thin upper lips and abnormal jaw. There was no evidence of systemic involvement in both. ARF3 encodes ADP-ribosylation factor 3. Adenosine diphosphate ribosylation factors (ARFs) are key proteins for regulation of cargo sorting at the Golgi network, with ARF3 mainly working at the trans-Golgi network. ARFs belong to the small GTP-binding protein (G protein) superfamily. ARF3 switches between an active GTP-bound form and an inactive GDP-bound form, regulated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) respectively. Members of the ARF superfamily regulate various aspects of membrane traffic, among others in neurons. There are 5 homologs of ARF families, divided in 3 classes. ARF3 and ARF1 belong to class I. Monoallelic ARF1 mutations are associated with Periventricular nodular heterotopia 8 (MIM 618185). In vivo, in vitro and in silico studies for the 2 variants suggest that both impair the Golgi transport system although each variant most likely exerts a different effect (gain-of-function for Arg99Leu vs loss-of-function/dominant-negative for Asp67Val). This was also reflected in somewhat different phenotype of the subjects with the respective variants. Common features included severe DD, epilepsy and brain abnormalities although Asp67Val was associated with diffuse brain atrophy as well as congenital microcephaly and Arg99Leu with cerebellar hypoplasia. Evidence to support the effect of each variant include: Arg99Leu: Had identical Golgi localization to that of wt Had increased binding activity with GGA1, a protein recruited by the GTP-bound active form of ARF3 to the TGN membrane (supporting GoF) In silico structural analysis suggested it may fail to stabilize the conformation of Asp26, resulting in impaired GTP hydrolysis (GoF). In transgenic fruit flies, evaluation of the ARF3 variant toxicity using the rough eye phenotype this variant was associated with increased severity of the r-e phenotype similar to a previously studied GoF variant (Gln71Leu) Asp67Val: Did not show a Golgi-like pattern of localization (similar to Thr31Asn a previously studied dominant-negative variant) Displayed decreased protein stability In silico structural analysis suggested that Asp67Val may lead to compromised binding of GTP or GDP (suggestive of LoF) In transgenic Drosophila eye-specific expression of Asp67Val (similar to Thr31Asn, a known dominant-negative variant) was lethal possibly due to high toxicity in very small amounts in tissues outside the eye. There is no associated phenotype in OMIM, G2P or SysID. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.8824 | PLXNA2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: PLXNA2 was added gene: PLXNA2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: PLXNA2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: PLXNA2 were set to 34327814 Phenotypes for gene: PLXNA2 were set to Intellectual disability; Abnormality of the face; Failure to thrive; Abnormal heart morphology Review for gene: PLXNA2 was set to AMBER Added comment: Altuame et al (2021 - PMID: 34327814) describe 3 individuals from 2 consanguineous Arab families with biallelic PLXNA2 variants. The index patient from the 1st family presented with CHD (hypoplastic right ventricle, ASD), DD and moderate ID (IQ of 40), failure to thrive as well as some dysmorphic features (obtuse mandibular angle, mild overbite, synophrys with downslanting p-f, strabismus, etc). There were additional features (eg. postaxial polydactyly) which were found in other affected and unaffected family members. Exome sequencing with autozygome analysis revealed homozygosity for a PLXNA2 stopgain variant (NM_025179:c.3603C>A / p.(Cys1201*)). Sanger confirmation was carried out and segregation analyses confirmed carrier status of the unaffected parents and a sib as well as a brother homozygous for the same variant. Clinical evaluation of the latter, following this finding revealed borderline intellectual functioning, ADHD, failure to thrive. There was no mandibular anomaly or overbite and no clinical evidence of CHD (no echo performed). The index patient from the 2nd consanguineous family was evaluated for ID (IQ of 63), with previous borderline motor development, ADHD and some dysmorphic features (obtuse mandibular angle and overbite). There was no clinical evidence of CHD (no echo performed). Exome sequencing with autozygosity mapping revealed a homozygous missense PLXNA2 variant (c.3073G>A / p.(Asp1025Asn), present only once in gnomAD (htz), with rather non-concordant in silico predictions SIFT 0.22, PolyPhen 0.682 and CADD 23.5. The aa was however highly conserved. Segregation analysis confirmed carrier state of the parents and 2 unaffected sibs, with a 3rd sib homozygous for the wt allele. As the authors discuss: *PLXNA2 belongs to the plexin family of genes, encoding transmbembrane proteins functioning as semaphorin receptors. It has predominant expression in neural tissue. The protein is thought to bind semaphorin-3A, -3C or -5 followed by plexin A2 dimerization, activation of its GTPase-activating protein domain, negative regulation of Rap1B GTPase and initiation of a signal transduction cascade mediating axonal repulsion/guidance, dendritic guidance, neuronal migration. *Murine Plxna2 knockout models display structural brain defects. In addition they display congenital heart defects incl. persistent truncus arteriosus and interrupted aortic arch. *Rare CNVs in adult humans with tetralogy of Fallot have suggested a potential role of PLXNA2 in cardiac development and CHD. *Expression and the role of PLXNA2 in human chondrocytes as well as a GWAS in 240 japanese patients with mandibular prognathism where PLXNA2 was suggested as a susceptibility locus. Overall, the authors recognize some common features (as for cognitive functioning, some dysmorphic features incl. obtuse mandibular angle and overbite in 2 unrelated subjects, failure to thrive 3/3) and provide plausible explanations for the variability / discordance of others eg: - Cyanotic heart disease explaining discordance in cognitive outcome among sibs - Incomplete penetrance for CHD (and/or ID or mandibular anomaly) as for few AR disorders and/or - Additional pathogenic variants possibly explaining the CHD in the first subject. There is no associated phenotype in OMIM or G2P. SysID includes PLXNA2 among the candidate ID genes. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.8807 | VPS50 |
Zornitza Stark gene: VPS50 was added gene: VPS50 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: VPS50 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: VPS50 were set to 34037727 Phenotypes for gene: VPS50 were set to Neonatal cholestatic liver disease; Failure to thrive; Profound global developmental delay; Postnatal microcephaly; Seizures; Abnormality of the corpus callosum Review for gene: VPS50 was set to AMBER Added comment: Schneeberger et al (2021 - PMID: 34037727) describe the phenotype of 2 unrelated individuals with biallelic VPS50 variants. Common features included transient neonatal cholestasis, failure to thrive, severe DD with failure to achieve milestones (last examination at 2y and 2y2m respectively), postnatal microcephaly, seizures (onset at 6m and 25m) and irritability. There was corpus callosum hypoplasia on brain imaging. Both individuals were homozygous for variants private to each family (no/not known consanguinity applying to each case). The first individual was homozygous for a splicing variant (NM_017667.4:c.1978-1G>T) and had a similarly unaffected sister deceased with no available DNA for testing. The other individual was homozygous for an in-frame deletion (c.1823_1825delCAA / p.(Thr608del)). VPS50 encodes a critical component of the endosome-associated recycling protein (EARP) complex, which functions in recycling endocytic vesicles back to the plasma membrane [OMIM based on Schindler et al]. The complex contains VPS50, VPS51, VPS52, VPS53, the three latter also being components of GARP (Golgi-associated-retrograde protein) complex. GARP contains VPS54 instead of VPS50 and is required for trafficking of proteins to the trans-golgi network. Thus VPS50 (also named syndetin) and VPS54 function in the EARP and GARP complexes, to define directional movement of their endocytic vesicles [OMIM based on Schindler et al]. The VPS50 subunit is required for recycling of the transferrin receptor. As discussed by Schneeberger et al (refs provided in text): - VPS50 has a high expression in mouse and human brain as well as throughout mouse brain development. - Mice deficient for Vps50 have not been reported. vps50 knockdown in zebrafish results in severe developmental defects of the body axis. Knockout mice for other proteins of the EARP/GARP complex (e.g. Vps52, 53 and 54) display embryonic lethality. Studies performed by Schneeberger et al included: - Transcript analysis for the 1st variant demonstrated skipping of ex21 (in patient derived fabriblasts) leading to an in frame deletion of 81 bp (r.1978_2058del) with predicted loss of 27 residues (p.Leu660_Leu686del). - Similar VPS50 mRNA levels but significant reduction of protein levels (~5% and ~8% of controls) were observed in fibroblasts from patients 1 and 2. Additionally, significant reductions in the amounts of VPS52 and VPS53 protein levels were observed despite mRNA levels similar to controls. Overall, this suggested drastic reduction of functional EARP complex levels. - Lysosomes appeared to have similar morphology, cellular distribution and likely unaffected function in patient fibroblasts. - Transferrin receptor recycling was shown to be delayed in patient fibroblasts suggestive of compromise of endocytic-recycling function. As the authors comment, the phenotype of both individuals with biallelic VPS50 variants overlaps with the corresponding phenotype reported in 15 subjects with biallelic VPS53 or VPS51 mutations notably, severe DD/ID, microcephaly and early onset epilepsy, CC anomalies. Overall, for this group, they propose the term "GARP and/or EARP deficiency disorders". There is no VPS50-associated phenotype in OMIM or G2P. SysID includes VPS50 among the ID candidate genes. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.8803 | AMTN |
Zornitza Stark gene: AMTN was added gene: AMTN was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: AMTN was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: AMTN were set to 27412008; 25715379; 26620968 Phenotypes for gene: AMTN were set to Amelogenesis imperfecta, type IIIB Mode of pathogenicity for gene: AMTN was set to Other Review for gene: AMTN was set to RED Added comment: In a Costa Rican family segregating autosomal dominant hypomineralized amelogenesis imperfecta, Smith et al. (2016) identified a heterozygous deletion/insertion mutation in the amelotin gene that segregated with the phenotype in the family. The mutation was predicted to result in an in-frame deletion of 92 amino acids, shortening the protein from 209 to 117 amino acids. Mode of pathogenicity not established. Toxic gain of function proposed as Atmn KO and +/- mice did not recapitulate the human phenotype. Sources: Expert Review |
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| Mendeliome v0.8780 | ITGB6 |
Zornitza Stark gene: ITGB6 was added gene: ITGB6 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: ITGB6 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: ITGB6 were set to 25431241; 26695873; 24305999; 24319098 Phenotypes for gene: ITGB6 were set to Amelogenesis imperfecta, type IH, MIM# 616221 Review for gene: ITGB6 was set to GREEN Added comment: At least 3 unrelated families reported. Sources: Expert Review |
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| Mendeliome v0.8750 | AMELX | Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: AMELX was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.8749 | AMELX | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: AMELX: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 17189466, 22243263, 7599636, 23251683, 1483698 1916828, 9188994, 15111628, 11201048, 26502894, 7782077, 11922869, 28130977, 8406474, 11839357, 25117480, 19610109; Phenotypes: Amelogenesis imperfecta, type 1E, MIM# 301200; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.8741 | TCF7L2 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: 2 reviews Konstantinos Varvagiannis (Other) I don't know Dias et al (2021 - PMID: 34003604) describe the phenotype of 11 unrelated individuals harboring de novo missense/truncating TCF7L2 variants. Features included DD in childhood (motor delay in 8/11, speech delay in 11/11), intellectual abilities ranging from average cognitive functioning to mild/moderate ID (the latter observed in 5/11), myopia (6/11) , dysmorphic features, variable orthopedic findings, and neuropsychiatric comorbidities incl. ASD (4/11) / ADHD (4/11). One additional (12th) individual was excluded from this summary due to concurrent diagnosis of hypoxic-ischemic injury. TCF7L2 on 10q25 encodes transcription factor 7-like 2, a high mobility group (HMG) box-containing transcription factor. As the authors discuss, the protein mediates canonical Wnt signaling. Secreted Wnt proteins lead to release of beta-catenin (CTNNB1) which after translocation to the nucleus acts with DNA-binding factors incl. TCF7L2 to turn on Wnt-responsive target genes. As a result TCF7L2 acts with beta-catenin as a switch for transcriptional regulation. Multiple alternative spliced TCF7L2 transcripts mediate it's function and specificity of transcriptional repertoire in a variety of tissues and contexts. Dias et al provide references for its role in nervous system development incl. neurogenesis and thalamic development. Variants in all cases occurred as de novo events with pLoF (stopgain, frameshift, splicing) ones predicted to lead to NMD. Missense variants occurred in all cases in or adjacent to the HMG box domain [aa 350-417]. 5 different missense variants affecting 3 residues were reported incl. c.1142A>C, c.1143C>G (leading to Asn381Thr/Lys respectively), c.1250G>T (Trp417Leu), c.1267T>C, c.1268A>G (leading to Tyr423His/Cys) [NM_001146274.1]. The gene has a pLI of 0.99-1 gnomAD/ExAC while there is a region of missense constraint encompassing the HMG box domain (the latter is an evolutionary conserved region mediating interactions with DNA). No phenotypic differences were observed among individuals with pLoF and missense SNVs, and haploinsufficiency is presumed to be the underlying mechanism. There are no variant or other studies performed, nor any animal models discussed. In supplementary table 2, the authors provide several references to previous large scale sequencing studies with brief/incomplete descriptions of individuals de novo TCF7L2 variants and neurodevelopmental disorder (ID/ASD - Iossifov, De Rubeis, Lelieveld, McRae/DDD study and many other Refs). Heterozygous TCF7L2 variants are thought to confer susceptibility to type diabetes mellitus (MIM 125853). Individuals reported by Dias et al did not have endocrine abnormalities including DM. A study by Roychowdhury et al (2021 - PMID: 34265237) suggests that regulatory variants in TCF7L2 are associated with thoracic aneurysm. There is no other associated phenotype (notably NDD) in OMIM. G2P includes TCF7L2 in its DD panel (Disease : TC7L2-related DD, Confidence:confirmed, Monoallelic, LoF). SysID includes this gene within the autism candidate genes and current primary ID genes.; to: Dias et al (2021 - PMID: 34003604) describe the phenotype of 11 unrelated individuals harboring de novo missense/truncating TCF7L2 variants. Features included DD in childhood (motor delay in 8/11, speech delay in 11/11), intellectual abilities ranging from average cognitive functioning to mild/moderate ID (the latter observed in 5/11), myopia (6/11) , dysmorphic features, variable orthopedic findings, and neuropsychiatric comorbidities incl. ASD (4/11) / ADHD (4/11). One additional (12th) individual was excluded from this summary due to concurrent diagnosis of hypoxic-ischemic injury. TCF7L2 on 10q25 encodes transcription factor 7-like 2, a high mobility group (HMG) box-containing transcription factor. As the authors discuss, the protein mediates canonical Wnt signaling. Secreted Wnt proteins lead to release of beta-catenin (CTNNB1) which after translocation to the nucleus acts with DNA-binding factors incl. TCF7L2 to turn on Wnt-responsive target genes. As a result TCF7L2 acts with beta-catenin as a switch for transcriptional regulation. Multiple alternative spliced TCF7L2 transcripts mediate it's function and specificity of transcriptional repertoire in a variety of tissues and contexts. Dias et al provide references for its role in nervous system development incl. neurogenesis and thalamic development. Variants in all cases occurred as de novo events with pLoF (stopgain, frameshift, splicing) ones predicted to lead to NMD. Missense variants occurred in all cases in or adjacent to the HMG box domain [aa 350-417]. 5 different missense variants affecting 3 residues were reported incl. c.1142A>C, c.1143C>G (leading to Asn381Thr/Lys respectively), c.1250G>T (Trp417Leu), c.1267T>C, c.1268A>G (leading to Tyr423His/Cys) [NM_001146274.1]. The gene has a pLI of 0.99-1 gnomAD/ExAC while there is a region of missense constraint encompassing the HMG box domain (the latter is an evolutionary conserved region mediating interactions with DNA). No phenotypic differences were observed among individuals with pLoF and missense SNVs, and haploinsufficiency is presumed to be the underlying mechanism. There are no variant or other studies performed, nor any animal models discussed. In supplementary table 2, the authors provide several references to previous large scale sequencing studies with brief/incomplete descriptions of individuals de novo TCF7L2 variants and neurodevelopmental disorder (ID/ASD - Iossifov, De Rubeis, Lelieveld, McRae/DDD study and many other Refs). Heterozygous TCF7L2 variants are thought to confer susceptibility to type diabetes mellitus (MIM 125853). Individuals reported by Dias et al did not have endocrine abnormalities including DM. A study by Roychowdhury et al (2021 - PMID: 34265237) suggests that regulatory variants in TCF7L2 are associated with thoracic aneurysm. There is no other associated phenotype (notably NDD) in OMIM. G2P includes TCF7L2 in its DD panel (Disease : TC7L2-related DD, Confidence:confirmed, Monoallelic, LoF). SysID includes this gene within the autism candidate genes and current primary ID genes. |
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| Mendeliome v0.8736 | PIDD1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: PIDD1 was added gene: PIDD1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: PIDD1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: PIDD1 were set to 28397838; 29302074; 33414379; 34163010 Phenotypes for gene: PIDD1 were set to Global developmental delay; Intellectual disability; Seizures; Autism; Behavioral abnormality; Psychosis; Pachygyria; Lissencephaly; Abnormality of the corpus callosum Review for gene: PIDD1 was set to GREEN Added comment: There is enough evidence to include this gene in the current panel with green rating. Biallelic PIDD1 pathogenic variants have been reported in 26 individuals (11 families) with DD (all), variable degrees of ID (mild to severe), behavioral (eg. aggression/self-mutilation in several, ADHD) and/or psychiatric abnormalities (ASD, psychosis in 5 belonging to 3 families), well-controlled epilepsy is some (9 subjects from 6 families) and MRI abnormalities notably abnormal gyration pattern (pachygyria with predominant anterior gradient) as well as corpus callosum anomalies (commonly thinning) in several. Dysmorphic features have been reported in almost all, although there has been no specific feature suggested. The first reports on the phenotype associated with biallelic PIDD1 mutations were made by Harripaul et al (2018 - PMID: 28397838) and Hu et al (2019 - PMID: 29302074) [both studies investigating large cohorts of individuals with ID from consanguineous families]. Sheikh et al (2021 - PMID: 33414379) provided details on the phenotype of 15 individuals from 5 families including those from the previous 2 reports and studied provided evidence on the role of PIDD1 and the effect of variants. Zaki et al (2021 - PMID: 34163010) reported 11 additional individuals from 6 consanguineous families, summarize the features of all subjects published in the literature and review the neuroradiological features of the disorder. PIDD1 encodes p53-induced death domain protein 1. The protein is part of the PIDDosome, a multiprotein complex also composed of the bipartite linker protein CRADD (also known as RAIDD) and the proform of caspase-2 and induces apoptosis in response to DNA damage. There are 5 potential PIDD1 mRNA transcript variants with NM_145886.4 corresponding to the longest. Similar to the protein encoded by CRADD, PIDD1 contains a death domain (DD - aa 774-893). Constitutive post-translational processing gives PIDD1-N, PIDD1-C the latter further processed into PIDD1-CC (by auto-cleavage). Serine residues at pos. 446 and 588 are involved in this autoprocessing generating PIDD1-C (aa 446-910) and PIDD1-CC (aa 774-893). The latter is needed for caspase-2 activation. Most (if not all) individuals belonged to consanguineous families of different origins and harbored pLoF or missense variants. Variants reported so far include : c.2587C>T; p.Gln863* / c.1909C>T ; p.Arg637* / c.2443C>T / p.Arg815Trp / c.2275-1G>A which upon trap assay was shown to lead to skipping of ex15 with direct splicing form exon14 to the terminal exon 16 (resulting to p.Arg759Glyfs*1 with exlcusion of the entire DD) / c.2584C>T; p.Arg862Trp / c.1340G>A; p.Trp447* / c.2116_2120del; p.Val706His*, c.1564_1565del; p.Gly602fs*26 Evidence so far provided includes: - Biallelic CRADD variants cause a NDD disorder and a highly similar gyration pattern. - Confirmation of splicing effect (eg. for c.2275-1G>A premature stop in position 760) or poor expression (NM_145886.3:c.2587C>T; p.Gln863*). Arg815Trp did not affect autoprocessing or protein stability. - Abnormal localization pattern, loss of interaction with CRADD and failure to activate caspase-2 (MDM2 cleavage assay) [p.Gln863* and Arg815Trp] - Available expression data from GTEx (PIDD1 having broad expression in multiple tissues, but higher in brain cerebellum) as well as BrainSpan and PsychEncode studies suggesting high coexpression of PIDD1, CRADD and CASP2 in many regions in the developing human brain. - Variants in other genes encoding proteins interacting with PIDD1 (MADD, FADD, DNAJ, etc) are associated with NDD. Pidd-1 ko mice (ex3-15 removal) lack however CNS-related phenotypes. These show decreased anxiety but no motor anomalies. This has also been the case with Cradd-/- mice displaying no significant CNS phenotypes without lamination defects. There is currently no associated phenotype in OMIM. PIDD1 is listed in the DD panel of G2P (PIDD1-related NDD / biallelic / loss of function / probable) . SysID includes PIDD1 among the current primary ID genes. Sources: Expert Review |
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| Mendeliome v0.8734 | COLGALT1 |
Bryony Thompson gene: COLGALT1 was added gene: COLGALT1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Other Mode of inheritance for gene: COLGALT1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: COLGALT1 were set to 30412317; 33709034; 31759980 Phenotypes for gene: COLGALT1 were set to Brain small vessel disease 3 MIM#618360 Review for gene: COLGALT1 was set to GREEN Added comment: 3 unrelated cases with biallelic variants, and supporting functional assays. The main features of the cases were porencephalic cysts, leukoencephalopathy, lacunar infarcts, cerebral microbleeds/haemorrhages and calcifications. A null mouse model was embryonic lethal, but had defects in the vascular networks of the embryos. Sources: Other |
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| Mendeliome v0.8730 | ARIH1 |
Bryony Thompson gene: ARIH1 was added gene: ARIH1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Other Mode of inheritance for gene: ARIH1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: ARIH1 were set to 29689197; 32102558 Phenotypes for gene: ARIH1 were set to Thoracic aortic aneurysm Review for gene: ARIH1 was set to GREEN Added comment: 3 unrelated families: A de novo case (R171*) with thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA), and 2 siblings with TAA and a missense (E15Q). Another proband with cerebrovascular aneurysm (family history of TAA) and a missense variant (E44G). Supporting functional assays of the variants and a drosophila model. Sources: Other |
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| Mendeliome v0.8709 | UBR1 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: >50 unrelated families reported, reviewed in PMID: 24599544. Common clinical features include poor growth, mental retardation, and variable dysmorphic features, including aplasia or hypoplasia of the nasal alae, abnormal hair patterns or scalp defects, and oligodontia. Other features include hypothyroidism, sensorineural hearing loss, imperforate anus, and pancreatic exocrine insufficiency.; to: >50 unrelated families reported, reviewed in PMID: 24599544. Common clinical features include poor growth, intellectual disability, and variable dysmorphic features, including aplasia or hypoplasia of the nasal alae, abnormal hair patterns or scalp defects, and oligodontia. Other features include hypothyroidism, sensorineural hearing loss, imperforate anus, and pancreatic exocrine insufficiency. |
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| Mendeliome v0.8703 | ACTL6A |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Two individuals from unrelated families reported with missense variants in this gene. Part of the BAF complex. Only one confirmed de novo.; to: Two individuals from unrelated families reported with missense variants in this gene, and one with a splice-site variant. Part of the BAF complex. Only one missense confirmed de novo, pathogenicity of the other variant uncertain. PMID 31994175: fourth individual reported, recurrent de novo p.Arg377Trp |
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| Mendeliome v0.8696 | CD19 | Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: More than 5 unrelated families reported.; to: More than 5 unrelated families reported. Clinical features include increased susceptibility to infection, hypogammaglobulinaemia, and normal numbers of mature B cells in blood, indicating a B-cell antibody-deficient immunodeficiency disorder. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.8687 | IPO8 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: IPO8 were changed from Loeys-Dietz syndrome-like; cardiovascular, neurologic, skeletal and immunologic abnormalities to Vascular aneurysm, immune dysregulation, skeletal anomalies, and skin and joint laxity, MIM# 619472; Loeys-Dietz syndrome-like; cardiovascular, neurologic, skeletal and immunologic abnormalities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.8686 | IPO8 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: IPO8: Changed phenotypes: Vascular aneurysm, immune dysregulation, skeletal anomalies, and skin and joint laxity, MIM# 619472, Loeys-Dietz syndrome-like, cardiovascular, neurologic, skeletal and immunologic abnormalities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.8667 | SF3B2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: SF3B2 was added gene: SF3B2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SF3B2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: SF3B2 were set to 34344887 Phenotypes for gene: SF3B2 were set to Craniofacial microsomia Review for gene: SF3B2 was set to GREEN Added comment: Twenty individuals from seven families reported with de novo or transmitted haploinsufficient variants in SF3B2. Affected individuals had mandibular hypoplasia, microtia, facial and preauricular tags, epibulbar dermoids, lateral oral clefts in addition to skeletal and cardiac abnormalities. Targeted morpholino knockdown of SF3B2 in Xenopus resulted in disruption of cranial neural crest precursor formation and subsequent craniofacial cartilage defects, supporting a link between spliceosome mutations and impaired neural crest development in congenital craniofacial disease. The families were ascertained from a cohort and the authors suggest that haploinsufficient variants in SF3B2 are the most prevalent genetic cause of CFM, explaining ~3% of sporadic and ~25% of familial cases. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.8657 | ACAN |
Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: ACAN: Added comment: Patients with SSOAD exhibit a broad phenotypic spectrum involving short stature associated with advanced bone maturation and early-onset osteoarthritis (OA), as well as mild dysmorphic features consisting of midface hypoplasia, brachydactyly, broad great toes, and lumbar lordosis. Other features include intervertebral disc disease and osteochondritis dissecans, which is characterized by separation of articular cartilage and subchondral bone from the articular surface. Phenotypes are highly variable even among patients within the same family, and there are no apparent genotype-phenotype correlations. Well established gene-disease association, multiple families reported. Note fewer families reported with bi-allelic variants in this gene and extreme short stature.; Changed publications: 24762113, 27870580, 19110214, 30124491, 28331218, 20137779; Changed phenotypes: Short stature and advanced bone age, with or without early-onset osteoarthritis and/or osteochondritis dissecans, OMIM# 165800, Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia, aggrecan type 612813 |
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| Mendeliome v0.8641 | LRBA | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: LRBA were changed from to Immunodeficiency, common variable, 8, with autoimmunity MIM# 614700; Normal-decreased CD4 numbers; T cell dysregulation; Low-normal B cells; Reduced IgG and IgA; Recurrent infections; chronic diarrhoea; inflammatory bowel disease; hypogammaglobulinaemia; pneumonitis; autoimmune disorders; thrombocytopaenia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.8638 | LRBA | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: LRBA: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 22608502, 22721650, 25468195, 26206937, 33155142; Phenotypes: Immunodeficiency, common variable, 8, with autoimmunity MIM# 614700, Normal-decreased CD4 numbers, T cell dysregulation, Low-normal B cells, Reduced IgG and IgA, Recurrent infections, chronic diarrhoea, inflammatory bowel disease, hypogammaglobulinaemia, pneumonitis, autoimmune disorders, thrombocytopaenia; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.8632 | GIMAP5 |
Zornitza Stark gene: GIMAP5 was added gene: GIMAP5 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: GIMAP5 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: GIMAP5 were set to 33956074 Phenotypes for gene: GIMAP5 were set to Portal hypertension, noncirrhotic, 2, MIM# 619463 Review for gene: GIMAP5 was set to GREEN Added comment: 8 individuals from 4 unrelated families reported with onset of disease in the first decade of life. Clinical features included jaundice, hyperbilirubinaemia, pancytopaenia, including neutropaenia, lymphopaenia, and thrombocytopaenia, hepatosplenomegaly, and oesophageal varices. Some individuals had recurrent infections or features suggestive of an immunodeficiency. Liver biopsy was notable for the absence of cirrhosis and the presence of nodular regeneration. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.8614 | MALT1 |
Danielle Ariti edited their review of gene: MALT1: Added comment: 5 individuals from 3 unrelated families with immunodeficiency phenotype have reported variants in MALT1; two MALT1-knockout mouse models displaying primary T- and B-cell lymphocyte deficiency. Variants identified were homozygous missense variants resulting in the alteration of highly conserved residue domains. All individuals reported onset in infancy of recurrent bacterial/ fungal/ viral infections leading to bronchiectasis and poor T-cell proliferation.; Changed rating: GREEN |
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| Mendeliome v0.8606 | VRK1 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Complex phenotype with mixed peripheral and central neurological features. Two families reported where PCH was prominent and accompanied by ataxia. At least three families also reported where peripheral neuropathy dominated the clinical picture without PCH/ataxia.; to: Complex phenotype with mixed peripheral and central neurological features. Two families reported where PCH was prominent and accompanied by ataxia. At least three families also reported where peripheral neuropathy dominated the clinical picture without PCH/ataxia. Further delineation of phenotype 2021: PMID 34169149: expanding spectrum of neurologic disorders associated with VRK1. Two Hispanic individuals, one homozygous (R321C: VUS and LP/P in ClinVar) and one cHet (R321C+V236M, latter P and more recently VUS in ClinVar), with slowly progressive weakness and a clinical syndrome consistent with adult-onset spinal muscular atrophy WITHOUT pontocerebellar atrophy. No hom in gnomAD and both have been reported in cHet individuals with other features: R321C in association with adult-onset amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and V236M with rapidly progressive sensorimotor polyneuropathy and microcephaly. Authors suggest PMID 26583493 and 31837156 have similar reports. PMID 26583493 reports a 32yo Hispanic individual, cHet H119R+R321C, with early-onset amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, 5 years progressive weakness. PMID 31837156 reports two patients with adult-onset length-dependent motor neuropathy from unrelated consanguineous families of Moroccan Jewish descent, both hom for R387H. |
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| Mendeliome v0.8601 | CLCN3 |
Kristin Rigbye gene: CLCN3 was added gene: CLCN3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: CLCN3 was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: CLCN3 were set to PMID: 34186028 Phenotypes for gene: CLCN3 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder Mode of pathogenicity for gene: CLCN3 was set to Other Review for gene: CLCN3 was set to GREEN Added comment: 11 individuals reported, 9 that carried 8 different rare heterozygous missense variants in CLCN3, and 2 siblings that were homozygous for an NMD-predicted frameshift variant likely abolishing ClC-3 function. All missense variants were confirmed to be de novo in eight individuals for whom parental data was available. The 11 individuals in the cohort share clinical features of variable severity. All 11 have GDD or ID and dysmorphic features, and a majority has mood or behavioural disorders and structural brain abnormalities: - Structural brain abnormalities on MRI (9/11) included partial or full agenesis of the corpus callosum (6/9), disorganized cerebellar folia (4/9), delayed myelination (3/9), decreased white matter volume (3/9), pons hypoplasia (3/9), and dysmorphic dentate nuclei (3/9). Six of those with brain abnormalities also presented with seizures. - Nine have abnormal vision, including strabismus in four and inability to fix or follow in the two with homozygous loss-of-function variants. - Hypotonia ranging from mild to severe was reported in 7 of the 11 individuals. - Six have mood or behavioural disorders, particularly anxiety (3/6). - Consistent dysmorphic facial features included microcephaly, prominent forehead, hypertelorism, down-slanting palpebral fissures, full cheeks, and micrognathia. The severity of disease in the two siblings with homozygous disruption of ClC-3 is consistent with the drastic phenotype seen in Clcn3 KO mice. The disease was more severe in two siblings carrying homozygous loss-of-function variants with the presence of GDD, absent speech, seizures, and salt and pepper fundal pigmentation in both individuals, with one deceased at 14 months of age. The siblings also had significant neuroanatomical findings including diffusely decreased white matter volume, thin corpora callosa, small hippocampi, and disorganized cerebellar folia. Supporting biallelic inheritance for LoF variants, disruption of mouse Clcn3 results in drastic neurodegeneration with loss of the hippocampus a few months after birth and early retinal degeneration. Clcn3−/− mice display severe neurodegeneration, whereas heterozygous Clcn3+/− mice appear normal. Patch-clamp studies were used to investigate four of the missense variants. These suggested a gain of function in two variants with increased current in HEK cells, however they also showed reduced rectification of voltage and a loss of transient current, plus decreased current amplitude, glycosylation and surface expression when expressed in oocytes, and were suspected to interfere with channel gating and a negative feedback mechanism. These effects were also shown to vary depending on pH levels. The current of the remaining two variants did not differ from WT. For heterozygous missense variants, the disruption induced may be at least partially conferred to mutant/WT homodimers and mutant/ClC-4 heterodimers. Both loss and gain of function in this gene resulted in the same phenotype. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.8601 | TNPO2 |
Elena Savva gene: TNPO2 was added gene: TNPO2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: TNPO2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Publications for gene: TNPO2 were set to PMID: 34314705 Phenotypes for gene: TNPO2 were set to Developmental delays, neurologic deficits and dysmorphic features Mode of pathogenicity for gene: TNPO2 was set to Other Review for gene: TNPO2 was set to GREEN Added comment: PMID: 34314705 - all de novo missense variants with intellectual disability (9/9), speech impairment (15/15), motor impairment (15/15), ophthalmologic abnormalities (10/15), muscle tone abnormalities (11/15, primarily hypotonia), seizures (6/15, febrile to non-febrile), microcephaly (5/15) and MRI anomalies (7/13, 3/13 had cerebellar hypoplasia/dysplasia). Null fly model was homozygous lethal, no obvious phenotypes in heterozygotes. Upregulated gene expression also resulted in lethality. Overexpression of some human variants in fly models resulted in "toxicity" and phenotypic defects, authors speculate two variants are GOF, 1 variant is LOF. gnomAD: minimal PTCs present Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.8600 | AP1G1 |
Danielle Ariti gene: AP1G1 was added gene: AP1G1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: AP1G1 was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: AP1G1 were set to 34102099 Phenotypes for gene: AP1G1 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD); Intellectual Disability; Epilepsy Mode of pathogenicity for gene: AP1G1 was set to Loss-of-function variants (as defined in pop up message) DO NOT cause this phenotype - please provide details in the comments Review for gene: AP1G1 was set to GREEN Added comment: Two bi-allelic homozygous missense variants were found in two distinct families with Italian and Pakistani origins; homozygous missense variants. Eight de novo heterozygous variants were identified in nine isolated affected individuals from nine families; including five missense, two frameshift, and one intronic variant that disrupts the canonical splice acceptor site. Knocking out AP1G1 Zebrafish model resulted in severe developmental abnormalities and increased lethality. All individuals had neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) including global developmental delay and ID, which varied in severity from mild to severe. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.8598 | SPTBN1 |
Belinda Chong changed review comment from: PMID: 34211179 - Heterozygous SPTBN1 variants in 29 individuals with developmental, language and motor delays; mild to severe intellectual disability; autistic features; seizures; behavioral and movement abnormalities; hypotonia; and variable dysmorphic facial features. - Show that these SPTBN1 variants lead to effects that affect βII-spectrin stability, disrupt binding to key molecular partners, and disturb cytoskeleton organization and dynamics. PMID: 33847457 - Common features include global developmental delays, intellectual disability, and behavioral disturbances. Autistic features (4/6) and epilepsy (2/7) or abnormal electroencephalogram without overt seizures (1/7) were present in a subset. - identified seven unrelated individuals with heterozygous SPTBN1 variants: two with de novo missense variants and five with predicted loss-of-function variants (found to be de novo in two, while one was inherited from a mother with a history of learning disabilities). - Identification of loss-of-function variants suggests a haploinsufficiency mechanism, but additional functional studies are required to fully elucidate disease pathogenesis. Sources: Literature; to: PMID: 34211179 - Heterozygous SPTBN1 variants in 29 individuals with developmental, language and motor delays; mild to severe intellectual disability; autistic features; seizures (9/29); behavioral and movement abnormalities; hypotonia; and variable dysmorphic facial features. - Show that these SPTBN1 variants lead to effects that affect βII-spectrin stability, disrupt binding to key molecular partners, and disturb cytoskeleton organization and dynamics. PMID: 33847457 - Common features include global developmental delays, intellectual disability, and behavioral disturbances. Autistic features (4/6) and epilepsy (2/7) or abnormal electroencephalogram without overt seizures (1/7) were present in a subset. - identified seven unrelated individuals with heterozygous SPTBN1 variants: two with de novo missense variants and five with predicted loss-of-function variants (found to be de novo in two, while one was inherited from a mother with a history of learning disabilities). - Identification of loss-of-function variants suggests a haploinsufficiency mechanism, but additional functional studies are required to fully elucidate disease pathogenesis. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.8592 | EDEM3 | Seb Lunke Phenotypes for gene: EDEM3 were changed from EDEM3-congenital disorder of glycosylation to Congenital disorder of glycosylation; Developmental delay | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.8591 | UBA2 |
Ain Roesley changed review comment from: 2x unrelated probands with isolated split hand malformation. fs variants - 1x de novo and 1x inherited from apparent unaffected mother (no radiographs of her hand available) 1x proband with unilateral split-hand malformation. Her daughter and grandson reported to have ectrofactyly but were unavailable for testing; to: 2x unrelated probands with isolated split hand malformation. fs variants - 1x de novo and 1x inherited from apparent unaffected mother (no radiographs of her hand available) 1x proband with unilateral split-hand malformation (missense). Her daughter and grandson reported to have ectrofactyly but were unavailable for testing |
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| Mendeliome v0.8586 | TP73 |
Ee Ming Wong changed review comment from: - Seven individuals from five unrelated families homozygous for TP73 variants (includes 1x large deletion, 1x splice variant, 1x frameshift and 2x nonsense variants) - Epithelial cells from TP73 variant carriers showed reduced number of ciliated cells and shortened cilia resulting in abnormal ciliary clearance of the airways compared to healthy controls; to: - Seven individuals from five unrelated families homozygous for TP73 variants (includes 1x large deletion, 1x splice variant, 1x frameshift and 2x nonsense variants) - In vitro ciliogenesis experiments demonstrated that epithelial cells from TP73 variant carriers had reduced number of ciliated cells and shortened cilia resulting in abnormal ciliary clearance of the airways compared to healthy controls |
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| Mendeliome v0.8586 | HMGB1 |
Ain Roesley changed review comment from: 1x de novo fs, no functional studies done but cited Itou 2011 - mouse and zebrafish studies demonstrated the role of HMGB1 in regulating digit number during embryonic limb development Sources: Literature; to: 1x de novo fs in a proband with severe mirror image foot polydactyly. No functional studies done but cited Itou 2011 - mouse and zebrafish studies demonstrated the role of HMGB1 in regulating digit number during embryonic limb development Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.8586 | HMGB1 |
Ain Roesley gene: HMGB1 was added gene: HMGB1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: HMGB1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Publications for gene: HMGB1 were set to 34159400 Phenotypes for gene: HMGB1 were set to Mirror image foot polydactyly Penetrance for gene: HMGB1 were set to unknown Review for gene: HMGB1 was set to RED Added comment: 1x de novo fs, no functional studies done but cited Itou 2011 - mouse and zebrafish studies demonstrated the role of HMGB1 in regulating digit number during embryonic limb development Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.8586 | SPTBN1 |
Belinda Chong gene: SPTBN1 was added gene: SPTBN1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SPTBN1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Publications for gene: SPTBN1 were set to PMID: 34211179; PMID: 33847457 Phenotypes for gene: SPTBN1 were set to Neurodevelopmental Syndrome Review for gene: SPTBN1 was set to GREEN Added comment: PMID: 34211179 - Heterozygous SPTBN1 variants in 29 individuals with developmental, language and motor delays; mild to severe intellectual disability; autistic features; seizures; behavioral and movement abnormalities; hypotonia; and variable dysmorphic facial features. - Show that these SPTBN1 variants lead to effects that affect βII-spectrin stability, disrupt binding to key molecular partners, and disturb cytoskeleton organization and dynamics. PMID: 33847457 - Common features include global developmental delays, intellectual disability, and behavioral disturbances. Autistic features (4/6) and epilepsy (2/7) or abnormal electroencephalogram without overt seizures (1/7) were present in a subset. - identified seven unrelated individuals with heterozygous SPTBN1 variants: two with de novo missense variants and five with predicted loss-of-function variants (found to be de novo in two, while one was inherited from a mother with a history of learning disabilities). - Identification of loss-of-function variants suggests a haploinsufficiency mechanism, but additional functional studies are required to fully elucidate disease pathogenesis. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.8586 | UBA2 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: UBA2: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 34159400; Phenotypes: isolated split hand malformation; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.8586 | EDEM3 |
Michelle Torres gene: EDEM3 was added gene: EDEM3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: EDEM3 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: EDEM3 were set to 34143952 Phenotypes for gene: EDEM3 were set to EDEM3-congenital disorder of glycosylation Review for gene: EDEM3 was set to GREEN Added comment: PMID: 34143952: 7 families (11 individuals) with 6x PTV and 2x missense variants with neurodevelopmental delay and variable facial dysmorphisms. The unaffected parents were all heterozygous carriers. Functional show LoF of EDEM3 enzymatic activity. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.8585 | ANK2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: ANK2 was added gene: ANK2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: ANK2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: ANK2 were set to 31983240; 22542183; 25363768; 27479843; 28554332; 30564305; 30755392; 31981491; 33004838; 33057194 Phenotypes for gene: ANK2 were set to Long QT syndrome 4, MIM# 600919; Complex neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0100038 Review for gene: ANK2 was set to GREEN Added comment: Link with cardiac abnormalities such as LongQT is DISPUTED. More than 10 unrelated individuals reported with neurodevelopmental phenotype, comprising autism/ID and de novo truncating variants, in addition to many other individuals as part of large NDD cohorts. This association has been assessed as DEFINITIVE by ClinGen. Sources: Expert Review |
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| Mendeliome v0.8583 | PRDX3 |
Hazel Phillimore changed review comment from: Biallelic variants in 5 unrelated families with early onset (median 21 years , range 13-22 years) with ataxia with variable additional hyper- and hypokinetic movement disorders, and severe early-onset cerebellar atrophy (seen on MRI), and involvement of the brainstem, medullary olive and parietal cortex. Evolution of the disease was gait ataxia leading to upper limb ataxia, then dysarthria and then dysphagia, all within a decade. For some of these patients, the phenotype included myoclonus, dystonia and / or tremor. Mild classical mitochondrial features were seen in one of the patients, namely ptosis and COX-negative fibres. The variants were homozygous nonsense, homozygous frameshift, homozygous missense, and a compound heterozygote of a splice variant and missense, all leading to complete loss of the protein. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction was indicated as the disease mechanism. The families originated from Germany, France, India and two from eastern Turkey. The two families from Turkey were seemingly unrelated to each other but had the same homozygous missense. Patient fibroblasts from each of the five probands showed lack of protein (via Western blot) and decreased glutathione peroxidase activity and decreased mitochondrial maximal respiratory capacity. PRXD3 encodes peroxiredoxin 3, a mitochondrial antioxidant protein, that catalyses the reduction of hydrogen peroxide. It localises in the mitochondria, where most hydrogen peroxide is generated. Functional studies: PRDX3 knockdown (induced by silencing RNA against PRDX3) in cerebellar medulloblastoma cells showed significantly decreased cell viability, increased hydrogen peroxide levels and increased susceptibility to apoptosis triggered by reactive oxygen species. In addition, induced knockdown drosophila (in vivo animal model) had aberrant locomotor phenotypes and reduced lifespans, while immunolabelling of the brain showed increased cell death after exposure to oxidative stress. Sources: Literature; to: Biallelic variants in 5 unrelated families with early onset (median 21 years , range 13-22 years) with ataxia with variable additional hyper- and hypokinetic movement disorders, and severe early-onset cerebellar atrophy (seen on MRI), and involvement of the brainstem, medullary olive and parietal cortex. Evolution of the disease was gait ataxia leading to upper limb ataxia, then dysarthria and then dysphagia, all within a decade. For some of these patients, the phenotype included myoclonus, dystonia and / or tremor. Mild classical mitochondrial features were seen in one of the patients, namely ptosis and COX-negative fibres. The variants were homozygous nonsense, homozygous frameshift, homozygous missense, and a compound heterozygote with a splice variant and missense, all leading to complete loss of the protein. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction was indicated as the disease mechanism. The families originated from Germany, France, India and two from eastern Turkey. The two families from Turkey were seemingly unrelated to each other but had the same homozygous missense. Patient fibroblasts from each of the five probands showed lack of protein (via Western blot) and decreased glutathione peroxidase activity and decreased mitochondrial maximal respiratory capacity. PRDX3 encodes peroxiredoxin 3, a mitochondrial antioxidant protein, that catalyses the reduction of hydrogen peroxide. It localises in the mitochondria, where most hydrogen peroxide is generated. Functional studies: PRDX3 knockdown (induced by silencing RNA against PRDX3) in cerebellar medulloblastoma cells showed significantly decreased cell viability, increased hydrogen peroxide levels and increased susceptibility to apoptosis triggered by reactive oxygen species. In addition, induced knockdown drosophila (in vivo animal model) had aberrant locomotor phenotypes and reduced lifespans, while immunolabelling of the brain showed increased cell death after exposure to oxidative stress. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.8583 | PRDX3 |
Hazel Phillimore gene: PRDX3 was added gene: PRDX3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: PRDX3 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: PRDX3 were set to PMID: 33889951 Phenotypes for gene: PRDX3 were set to cerebellar ataxia (early onset, mild to moderate, progressive) Penetrance for gene: PRDX3 were set to unknown Review for gene: PRDX3 was set to GREEN Added comment: Biallelic variants in 5 unrelated families with early onset (median 21 years , range 13-22 years) with ataxia with variable additional hyper- and hypokinetic movement disorders, and severe early-onset cerebellar atrophy (seen on MRI), and involvement of the brainstem, medullary olive and parietal cortex. Evolution of the disease was gait ataxia leading to upper limb ataxia, then dysarthria and then dysphagia, all within a decade. For some of these patients, the phenotype included myoclonus, dystonia and / or tremor. Mild classical mitochondrial features were seen in one of the patients, namely ptosis and COX-negative fibres. The variants were homozygous nonsense, homozygous frameshift, homozygous missense, and a compound heterozygote of a splice variant and missense, all leading to complete loss of the protein. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction was indicated as the disease mechanism. The families originated from Germany, France, India and two from eastern Turkey. The two families from Turkey were seemingly unrelated to each other but had the same homozygous missense. Patient fibroblasts from each of the five probands showed lack of protein (via Western blot) and decreased glutathione peroxidase activity and decreased mitochondrial maximal respiratory capacity. PRXD3 encodes peroxiredoxin 3, a mitochondrial antioxidant protein, that catalyses the reduction of hydrogen peroxide. It localises in the mitochondria, where most hydrogen peroxide is generated. Functional studies: PRDX3 knockdown (induced by silencing RNA against PRDX3) in cerebellar medulloblastoma cells showed significantly decreased cell viability, increased hydrogen peroxide levels and increased susceptibility to apoptosis triggered by reactive oxygen species. In addition, induced knockdown drosophila (in vivo animal model) had aberrant locomotor phenotypes and reduced lifespans, while immunolabelling of the brain showed increased cell death after exposure to oxidative stress. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.8573 | ERBB3 | Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: PMID 33497358: 6 individuals from 4 unrelated families reported with severe gut dysmotility and neurodevelopmental disorder. Note variants in this gene have also recently been linked to Hirschsprung's disease.; to: PMID 33497358: 6 individuals from 4 unrelated families reported with severe gut dysmotility and other features of neurocristinopathy including short-segment HSCR, progressive axonal peripheral neuropathy, dysautonomia, hypopigmentation, deafness. Note variants in this gene have also recently been linked to Hirschsprung's disease. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.8571 | ERBB3 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: ERBB3: Added comment: PMID 33497358: 6 individuals from 4 unrelated families reported with severe gut dysmotility and neurodevelopmental disorder. Note variants in this gene have also recently been linked to Hirschsprung's disease.; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed publications: 17701904, 31752936, 33497358; Changed phenotypes: Lethal congenital contractural syndrome 2, MIM# 607598, Neurodevelopmental disorder with gut dysmotility | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.8570 | PDCL3 |
Zornitza Stark gene: PDCL3 was added gene: PDCL3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: PDCL3 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: PDCL3 were set to 32621347 Phenotypes for gene: PDCL3 were set to Megacystis-microcolon Review for gene: PDCL3 was set to AMBER Added comment: Single publication (PMID 32621347): one family with two affected fetuses - one with megacystis and microcolon, and the other with megacystisis and bilateral diaphragmatic hernia (prune-belly phenotype). Compound het LOF variants in PDCL3 (one frameshift and one missense). Complete absence of PDLC3 expression demonstrated in one of the affected fetuses. No homozygous LOF PDCL3 variants in gnomAD. PCDL3 negatively modulates actin folding and is strongly expressed in smooth muscle of bladder and colon. Sources: Expert Review |
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| Mendeliome v0.8542 | IKZF3 |
Zornitza Stark gene: IKZF3 was added gene: IKZF3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: IKZF3 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: IKZF3 were set to 34155405 Phenotypes for gene: IKZF3 were set to Immunodeficiency 84, MIM# 619437 Review for gene: IKZF3 was set to AMBER Added comment: Single family reported where heterozygous missense variant in this gene segregated with immunodeficiency in a mother and two children. Findings included low levels of B cells and impaired early B-cell development, variable T-cell abnormalities, hypogammaglobulinaemia, increased susceptibility to infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). One individual developed lymphoma in adulthood. Mouse model recapitulated phenotype. Sources: Expert Review |
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| Mendeliome v0.8538 | LCK | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: LCK were changed from to Immunodeficiency 22 MIM# 615758; Recurrent infections; Immune dysregulation; autoimmunity; Low CD4+; low CD8+; restricted T cell repertoire; poor TCR signaling; Normal IgG/IgA; high IgM; failure to thrive; diarrhoea; lymphopaenia; hypogammaglobulinaemia; anaemia; thrombocytopaenia; CD4+ T-cell lymphopaenia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.8533 | LCK | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: LCK: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 22985903, 1579166, 11021796; Phenotypes: Immunodeficiency 22 MIM# 615758, Recurrent infections, Immune dysregulation, autoimmunity, Low CD4+, low CD8+, restricted T cell repertoire, poor TCR signaling, Normal IgG/IgA, high IgM, failure to thrive, diarrhoea, lymphopenia, hypogammaglobulinemia, anaemia, thrombocytopaenia, CD4+ T-cell lymphopenia; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.8527 | DNMT3B | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: DNMT3B were changed from to Immunodeficiency-centromeric instability-facial anomalies syndrome 1 MIM# 242860; facial dysmorphic features; flat nasal bridge; developmental delay; macroglossia; bacterial/opportunistic infections (recurrent); malabsorption; cytopaenia; malignancies; multiradial configurations of chromosomes 1, 9, 16; Hypogammaglobulinaemia; agammaglobulinaemia; variable antibody deficiency; decreased immunoglobulin production; low T/B/NK cells | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.8524 | DNMT3B | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: DNMT3B: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 20587527, 10555141, 17359920, 9718351, 10647011, 11102980, 12239717; Phenotypes: Immunodeficiency-centromeric instability-facial anomalies syndrome 1 MIM# 242860, facial dysmorphic features, flat nasal bridge, developmental delay, macroglossia, bacterial/opportunistic infections (recurrent), malabsorption, cytopaenia, malignancies, multiradial configurations of chromosomes 1, 9, 16, Hypogammaglobulinaemia, agammaglobulinaemia, variable antibody deficiency, decreased immunoglobulin production, low T/B/NK cells; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.8523 | TMPO | Bryony Thompson reviewed gene: TMPO: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 16247757; Phenotypes: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.8522 | SYNCRIP |
Zornitza Stark gene: SYNCRIP was added gene: SYNCRIP was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SYNCRIP was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: SYNCRIP were set to 34157790; 30504930; 27479843; 23020937 Phenotypes for gene: SYNCRIP were set to Global developmental delay; Intellectual disability; Autism; Myoclonic atonic seizures; Abnormality of nervous system morphology Review for gene: SYNCRIP was set to GREEN Added comment: Semino et al (2021 - PMID: 34157790) provide clinical details on 3 unrelated individuals with de novo SYNCRIP variants and provide a review of 5 additional subjects previously identified within large cohorts in the literature and databases. Features included DD, ID (7/7 for whom this information was available), ASD or autistic features (4/7). MRI abnormalities were observed in 3 (widening of CSF spaces, periventricular nodular heterotopia, prominent lat. ventricles). Epilepsy (myoclonic-astatic epilepsy / Doose syndrome) was reported for 2(/8) individuals. The 3 patients here reported were identified following trio/singleton exome with Sanger confirmation of the variants and their de novo occurrence. Variants are in almost all cases de novo (7/7 for whom this was known) and in 5/8 cases were pLoF, in 2/8 missense SNVs while a case from DECIPHER had a 77.92 kb whole gene deletion not involving other genes with unknown inheritance. Overall the variants reported to date include [NM_006372.5]: 1 - c.858_859del p.(Gly287Leufs*5) 2 - c.854dupA p.(Asn285Lysfs*8) 3 - c.734T>C p.(Leu245Pro) 4 - chr6:85605276-85683190 deletion (GRCh38) 5 - c.629T>C p.(Phe210Ser) 6 - c.1573_1574delinsTT p.(Gln525Leu) 7 - c.1247_1250del p.(Arg416Lysfs*145) 8 - c.1518_1519insC p.(Ala507Argfs*14) [P1-3: this report, P4: DECIPHER 254774, P5-6: Guo et al 2019 - PMID: 30504930, P7: Lelieveld et al 2016 - PMID: 27479843, P8: Rauch et al 2012 - PMID: 23020937 / all other Refs not here reviewed, clinical details summarized by Semino et al in table 1] SYNCRIP (also known as HNRNPQ) encodes synaptotagmin‐binding cytoplasmic RNA‐interacting protein. As the authors note, this RNA-binding protein is involved in multiple pathways associated with neuronal/muscular developmental disorders. Several references are provided for its involvement in regulation of RNA metabolism, among others sequence recognition, pre-mRNA splicing, translation, transport and degradation. Mutations in other RNA-interacting proteins and hnRNP members (e.g. HNRNPU, HNRNPD) are associated with NDD. The missense variant (p.Leu245Pro) is within RRM2 one of the 3 RNA recognition motif (RRM) domains of the protein. These 3 domains, corresponding to the central part of the protein (aa 150-400), are relatively intolerant to variation (based on in silico predictions and/or variation in gnomAD). Leu245 localizes within an RNA binding pocket and in silico modeling suggests alteration of the tertiary structure and RNA-binding capacity of RRM2. There are no additional studies performed. Overall haploinsufficiency appears to be the underlying disease mechanism based on the truncating variants and the gene deletion. [pLI in gnomAD : 1, %HI : 2.48%] Animal models are not discussed. There is no associated phenotype in OMIM. This gene is included in the DD panel of G2P (monoallelic LoF variants / SYNCRIP-related developmental disorder). SysID also lists SYNCRIP within the current primary ID genes. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.8511 | CAMK4 |
Zornitza Stark gene: CAMK4 was added gene: CAMK4 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: CAMK4 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: CAMK4 were set to 30262571; 33098801; 33211350 Phenotypes for gene: CAMK4 were set to Intellectual disability; Autism; Behavioral abnormality; Abnormality of movement; Dystonia; Ataxia; Chorea; Myoclonus Review for gene: CAMK4 was set to GREEN Added comment: 3 publications by Zech et al (2018, 2020 - PMIDs : 30262571, 33098801, 33211350) provide clinical details on 3 individuals, each harboring a private de novo CAMK4 variant. Overlapping features included DD, ID, behavoral issues, autism and abnormal hyperkinetic movements. Dystonia and chorea in all 3 appeared 3-20 years after initial symptoms. CAMK4 encodes Calcium/Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV, an important mediator of calcium-mediated activity and dynamics, particularly in the brain. It is involved in neuronal transmission, synaptic plasticity, and neuronal gene expression required for brain development and neuronal homeostasis (summary by OMIM based on Zech et al, 2018). The 473 aa enzyme has a protein kinase domain (aa 46-300) and a C-terminal autoregulatory domain (aa 305-341) the latter comprising an autoinhibitory domain (AID / aa 305-321) and a calmodulin-binding domain (CBD / aa 322-341) [NP_001735.1 / NM_001744.4 - also used below]. Variants in all 3 subjects were identified following trio-WES and were in all cases protein-truncating, mapping to exon 10 or exon 10-intron 10 junction, expected to escape NMD and cause selective abrogation of the autoinhibitory domain (aa 305-321) leading overall to gain-of-function. Variation databases include pLoF CAMK4 variants albeit in all cases usptream or downstream of this region (pLI of this gene in gnomAD: 0.51). Variants leading to selective abrogation of the autoregulatory domain have not been reported. Extensive evidence for the GoF effect of the variant has been provided in the first publication. Several previous studies have demonstrated that abrogation of the AID domain leads to consitutive activation (details below). Mouse models - though corresponding to homozygous loss of function - support a role for CAMKIV in cognitive and motor symptoms. Null mice display tremulous and ataxic movements, deficiencies in balance and sensorimotor performance associated with reduced number of Purkinje neurons (Ribar et al 2000, PMID: 11069976 - not reviewed). Wei et al (2002, PMID: 12006982 - not reviewed) provided evidence for alteration in hippocampal physiology and memory function. Heterozygous mutations in other genes for calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CAMKs) e.g. CAMK2A/CAMK2B (encoding subunits of CAMKII) have been reported in individuals with ID. --- The proband in the first publication (PMID: 30262571) was a male with DD, ID, behavioral difficulties (ASD, autoaggression, stereotypies) and hyperkinetic movement disorder (myoclonus, chorea, ataxia) with severe generalized dystonia (onset at the age of 13y). Brain MRI demonstrated cerebellar atrophy. Extensive work-up incl. karyotyping, CMA, DYT-TOR1A, THAP1, GCH1, SCA1/2/3/6/7/8/12/17, Friedreich's ataxia and FMR1 analysis was negative.F Trio WES identified a dn splice site variant (c.981+1G>A) in the last exon-intron junction. RT-PCR followed by gel electrophoresis and Sanger in fibroblasts from an affected and control subject revealed that the proband had - as predicted by the type/location of the variant - in equal amount 2 cDNA products, a normal as well as a truncated one. Sequencing of the shortest revealed utilization of a cryptic donor splice site upstream of the mutated donor leading to a 77bp out-of-frame deletion and introduction of a premature stop codon in the last codon (p.Lys303Serfs*28). Western blot in fibroblast cell lines revealed 2 bands corresponding to the normal protein product as well as to the p.Lys303Serfs*28 although expression of the latter was lower than that of the full length protein. Several previous studies have shown that mutant CAMKIV species that lack the autoinhibitory domain are consitutively active (several Refs provided). Among others Chatila et al (1996, PMID: 8702940) studied an in vitro-engineered truncation mutant (Δ1-317 - truncation at position 317 of the protein) with functionally validated gain-of-function effect. To prove enhanced activity of the splicing variant, Zech et al assessed phosphorylation of CREB (cyclic AMP-responsive element binding protein), a downstream substrate of CAMKIV. Immunobloting revealed significant increase of CREB phosphorylation in patient fibroblasts compared to controls. Overactivation of CAMKIV signaling was reversed when cells were treated with STO-609 an inhibitor of CAMKK, the ustream activator of CAMKIV. Overall the authors demonstrated that loss of CAMKIV autoregulatory domain due to this splice variant had a gain-of-function effect. ---- Following trio-WES, Zech et al (2020 - PMID: 33098801) identified another relevant subject within cohort of 764 individuals with dystonia. This 12-y.o. male, harboring a different variant affecting the same donor site (c.981+1G>T), presented DD, ID, dystonia (onset at 3y) and additional movement disorders (myoclonus, ataxia) as well as similar behavior (ASD, autoaggression, stereotypies). [Details in suppl. p20]. ---- Finally Zech et al (2020 - PMID: 33211350) reported on a 24-y.o. woman with adolescence onset choreodystonia. Other features included DD, moderate ID, absence seizures in infancy, OCD with anxiety and later diagnosis of ASD. Trio WES revealed a dn stopgain variant (c.940C>T; p.Gln314*). Sources: Expert Review |
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| Mendeliome v0.8499 | CSF3R | Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: More than 5 unrelated families reported.; to: More than 5 unrelated families reported. Some reports of progression to myelodysplasia. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.8485 | STX3 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: At least 5 unrelated families reported.; to: At least 5 unrelated families reported. STX3 isoform B (STX3B) predominates in the retina, so mutations in the STX3 gene that affect both isoform A (STX3A) and STX3B cause both retinal and gastrointestinal disease (RDMVID), whereas mutations in STX3 affecting only the STX3A transcript cause only diarrhoea. |
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| Mendeliome v0.8449 | ZNF148 |
Natalie Tan gene: ZNF148 was added gene: ZNF148 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ZNF148 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: ZNF148 were set to PMID: 27964749 Phenotypes for gene: ZNF148 were set to Global developmental delay, absent or hypoplastic corpus callosum, and dysmorphic facies; MIM#617260 Review for gene: ZNF148 was set to GREEN Added comment: Four unrelated individuals with de novo heterozygous nonsense or frameshift mutations (all resulting in premature termination codons in the last exon of ZNF148, predicted to escape nonsense-mediated mRNA decay and result in expression of a truncated protein). Phenotype characterised by underdevelopment of the corpus callosum, mild to moderate developmental delay and ID, variable microcephaly or mild macrocephaly, short stature, feeding problems, facial dysmorphisms, and cardiac and renal malformations. No functional studies to date. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.8449 | RAC3 |
Natalie Tan gene: RAC3 was added gene: RAC3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: RAC3 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: RAC3 were set to PMID: 30293988; 29276006 Phenotypes for gene: RAC3 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder with structural brain anomalies and dysmorphic facies, MIM#618577 Review for gene: RAC3 was set to GREEN Added comment: Multiple unrelated individuals with heterozygous missense variants and a concordant phenotype (severe intellectual disability with brain malformations). No functional studies to date. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.8434 | SUFU | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: SUFU were changed from to Joubert syndrome 32, MIM#617757; SUFU-related neurodevelopmental syndrome; Basal cell nevus syndrome, MIM# 109400 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.8431 | SUFU | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: SUFU: Changed phenotypes: Joubert syndrome 32, MIM#617757, SUFU-related neurodevelopmental syndrome, Basal cell nevus syndrome, MIM# 109400 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.8431 | SUFU | Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Two unrelated families described with what are postulated to be hypomorphic bi-allelic variants in this gene and Joubert syndrome. Note gene also causes dominant Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome.; to: Two unrelated families described with what are postulated to be hypomorphic bi-allelic variants in this gene and Joubert syndrome. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.8415 | PMM2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: PMM2 were changed from to Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Ia (MIM#212065) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.8376 | GDF1 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: GDF1: Added comment: PMID: 32144877 - founder PTC in Arab population causing congenital heart detects AND right isomerism in 3 (unrelated?) families. Reviews other publications and reports additional chet (two PTC) or homozygous (missense) families with situs inversus and/or heart defects. No apparent genotype-phenotype correlation btw dominant and recessive disease.; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed publications: 32144877; Changed phenotypes: Congenital heart defects, multiple types, 6 613854, Right atrial isomerism (Ivemark) 208530; Changed mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.8361 | CRB2 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: More than 7 unrelated families reported, mouse model. Some have presented predominantly with proteinuria, and some more with a multi-system ciliopathy phenotype, and yet others with RP.; to: VM with renal disease: More than 7 unrelated families reported, mouse model. Some have presented predominantly with proteinuria, and some more with a multi-system ciliopathy phenotype, and yet others with RP. FSGS: at least 4 families and animal model. |
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| Mendeliome v0.8335 | LINGO4 |
Laura Raiti gene: LINGO4 was added gene: LINGO4 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: LINGO4 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: LINGO4 were set to PMID: 33098801 Phenotypes for gene: LINGO4 were set to Developmental Delay, Intellectual disability, speech disorder Review for gene: LINGO4 was set to GREEN Added comment: 3 unrelated individuals 1 x individual compound heterozygous for 2x missense variants: c.679C>A; c.1262G>A p.Leu227Met; p.Arg421Gln comp het. Phenotype: infancy-onset generalized dystonia; DD/hypo, ID, speech disorder (isolated plus non-MD symptoms) NDD 1 x individual homozygous for missense variant: c.679C>A p.Leu227Met Phenotype: DD/hypo, ID, speech disorder 1 x individual homozygous for missense variant: c.1673G>A p.Ser558Asn Phenotype: DD/hypo, ID, speech disorder Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.8335 | ARFGEF3 |
Laura Raiti gene: ARFGEF3 was added gene: ARFGEF3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ARFGEF3 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: ARFGEF3 were set to PMID: 33098801 Phenotypes for gene: ARFGEF3 were set to Dystonia Review for gene: ARFGEF3 was set to GREEN Added comment: 3 x unrelated individuals 1 x de novo missense variant: c.6212T>C p.Met2071Thr, phenotype: infancy-onset generalized dystonia (isolated) 1x stop-gain variant c.1773T>G p.Tyr591* (inherited from mosaic mother), phenotype: infancy-onset generalized dystonia (isolated) 1 x de novo missense variant (Gene Matcher) c.250A>C p.Met84Leu childhood-onset generalized dystonia (isolated) Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.8335 | IMPDH2 |
Laura Raiti gene: IMPDH2 was added gene: IMPDH2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: IMPDH2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: IMPDH2 were set to PMID: 33098801 Phenotypes for gene: IMPDH2 were set to Dystonia Review for gene: IMPDH2 was set to GREEN Added comment: 6 unrelated individuals 1x individual in a dystonia cohort index case with infancy-onset dystonia and other neurological manifestations with a de-novo missense variant, c.338G>A (p.Gly113Glu) in IMPDH2, predicted to disrupt an invariant residue within the cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS) domain pair of the encoded protein. IMPDH2 encodes IMPDH2, a key enzyme in the purine biosynthetic pathway, expressed throughout the brain and not linked previously to any human Mendelian condition. 1x individual with a de-novo substitution, c.337G>A (p.Gly113Arg), was found in in-house whole-exome sequencing data from 500 individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders. Through GeneMatcher, de novo variants identified: 3 x missense: c.729G>C (p.Gln243His), c.619G>C (p.Gly207Arg), and c.619G>A (p.Gly207Arg) 1 x deletion: c.478_480delTCC (p.Ser160del) The six variants were predicted to be deleterious and none of them seen in control databases. All affected conserved amino acids and resided in and around the cystathionine-β-synthase domain pair. The described variants are situated in and around the CBS domain pair, a regulatory element in which clustering of pathogenic missense variants has already been shown for the homologue of IMPDH2, IMPDH1. The variant carriers shared similar neurodevelopmental phenotypes. Apart from the dystonia cohort index case, one participant had evidence of dystonic posturing. Modelling of the variants on 3D protein structures revealed spatial clustering near specific functional sites, predicted to result in deregulation of IMPDH2 activity. Additionally, thermal-shift assays showed that the c.619G>A (p.Gly207Arg) variant, identified as within the CBS domain pair, and c.729G>C (p.Gln243His), which is in close vicinity, affected the stability or folding behaviour of IMPDH2. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.8334 | DYNC2H1 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: More than 50 unrelated families reported.; to: More than 50 unrelated families reported with predominantly skeletal dysplasia. Association with RP: - Five affected probands with homozygous and compound heterozygous missense and PTC variants - Associated with the NM_001080463.1 transcript (predominant isoform in retina from retinal organoid studies). PMID 32753734 |
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| Mendeliome v0.8326 | AK2 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Well established gene-disease association.; to: Well established gene-disease association. PMID: 19043417 (2009). 6 affected individuals from 5 unrelated families (3 of the families showed evidence of consanguinity). Homozygous (5 individuals) and compound heterozygous (1 individual) variants in the AK2 gene. Variants included missense, deletion and inframe indel, resulting in protein LoF. Available parents were sequenced and found heterozygous for the variants, supporting bi-allelic inheritance. PMID: 19043416 (2009). 7 affected individuals from 6 unrelated families (2 separate consanguineous & 4 non-consanguineous families). Homozygous and compound heterozygous variants detected (missense, deletion, inframe indel), resulting in protein LoF. Reticular dysgenesis phenotype including Leukopenia, lymphopenia and agranulocytosis in all affected individuals and sensorineural deafness in 7 individuals. |
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| Mendeliome v0.8318 | ATG7 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: 12 individuals from 5 unrelated families reported with a complex neurodevelopmental disorder and bi-allelic variants in this gene. Age range from 21 months to 71 years of age. Main clinical features included axial hypotonia, variably impaired intellectual development with poor or absent speech, and delayed walking (up to 7 years of age) or inability to walk. All had ataxia, often with tremor or dyskinesia, as well as dysarthria associated with cerebellar hypoplasia on brain imaging. Most had optic atrophy, and some had ptosis, chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia, retinopathy, and strabismus; 1 had early-onset cataracts. The ore severely affected individuals had spastic paraplegia and inability to walk. Functional data including mouse model. Sources: Literature; to: 12 individuals from 5 unrelated families reported with a complex neurodevelopmental disorder and bi-allelic variants in this gene. Age range from 21 months to 71 years of age. Main clinical features included axial hypotonia, variably impaired intellectual development with poor or absent speech, and delayed walking (up to 7 years of age) or inability to walk. All had ataxia, often with tremor or dyskinesia, as well as dysarthria associated with cerebellar hypoplasia on brain imaging. Most had optic atrophy, and some had ptosis, chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia, retinopathy, and strabismus; 1 had early-onset cataracts. The more severely affected individuals had spastic paraplegia and inability to walk. Functional data including mouse model. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.8318 | ATG7 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: 12 individuals from 5 unrelated families reported with a complex neurodevelopmental disorder and bi-allelic variants in this gene. Age range from 21 months to 71 years of age. Main clinical features included axial hypotonia, variably impaired intellectual development with poor or absent speech, and delayed walking (up to 7 years of age) or inability to walk. All had ataxia, often with tremor or dyskinesia, as well as dysarthria associated with cerebellar hypoplasia on brain imaging. Most had optic atrophy, and some had ptosis, chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia, retinopathy, and strabismus; 1 had early-onset cataracts. The ore severely affected individuals had spastic paraplegia and inability to walk. Sources: Literature; to: 12 individuals from 5 unrelated families reported with a complex neurodevelopmental disorder and bi-allelic variants in this gene. Age range from 21 months to 71 years of age. Main clinical features included axial hypotonia, variably impaired intellectual development with poor or absent speech, and delayed walking (up to 7 years of age) or inability to walk. All had ataxia, often with tremor or dyskinesia, as well as dysarthria associated with cerebellar hypoplasia on brain imaging. Most had optic atrophy, and some had ptosis, chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia, retinopathy, and strabismus; 1 had early-onset cataracts. The ore severely affected individuals had spastic paraplegia and inability to walk. Functional data including mouse model. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.8317 | ATG7 |
Zornitza Stark gene: ATG7 was added gene: ATG7 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ATG7 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: ATG7 were set to 34161705 Phenotypes for gene: ATG7 were set to Spinocerebellar ataxia, SCAR31, MIM#619422 Review for gene: ATG7 was set to GREEN Added comment: 12 individuals from 5 unrelated families reported with a complex neurodevelopmental disorder and bi-allelic variants in this gene. Age range from 21 months to 71 years of age. Main clinical features included axial hypotonia, variably impaired intellectual development with poor or absent speech, and delayed walking (up to 7 years of age) or inability to walk. All had ataxia, often with tremor or dyskinesia, as well as dysarthria associated with cerebellar hypoplasia on brain imaging. Most had optic atrophy, and some had ptosis, chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia, retinopathy, and strabismus; 1 had early-onset cataracts. The ore severely affected individuals had spastic paraplegia and inability to walk. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.8312 | C2orf69 |
Zornitza Stark gene: C2orf69 was added gene: C2orf69 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: C2orf69 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: C2orf69 were set to 34038740; 33945503 Phenotypes for gene: C2orf69 were set to Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency-53 (COXPD53), MIM#619423 Review for gene: C2orf69 was set to GREEN Added comment: PMID 34038740: 20 affected children from 8 unrelated families reported, presenting with fatal syndrome consisting of severe autoinflammation and progredient leukoencephalopathy with recurrent seizures; 12 of these subjects, whose DNA was available, segregated homozygous loss-of-function C2orf69 variants. Endogenous C2ORF69 was found to be (1) loosely bound to mitochondria, (2) affects mitochondrial membrane potential and oxidative respiration in cultured neurons, and (3) controls the levels of the glycogen branching enzyme 1 (GBE1) consistent with a glycogen-storage-associated mitochondriopathy. Zebrafish model. PMID 33945503: 8 individuals from 5 families reported with muscle hypotonia, developmental delay, progressive microcephaly, and brain MRI abnormalities. Age at onset ranged from birth to 6 months of age. Six patients had vision impairment, liver abnormalities, inflammation/inflammatory arthritis, and 5 patients had seizures. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.8308 | FBXW7 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: FBXW7 were changed from FBXW7-related neurodevelopmental syndrome to FBXW7-related neurodevelopmental syndrome; Wilms tumour predisposition | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.8305 | YARS | Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: More than 5 unrelated families reported.; to: Mono-allelic disease: More than 5 unrelated families reported. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.8292 | RING1 |
Eleanor Williams gene: RING1 was added gene: RING1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: RING1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Publications for gene: RING1 were set to 29386386 Phenotypes for gene: RING1 were set to microcephaly; intellectual disability Review for gene: RING1 was set to RED Added comment: Not associated with any phenotype in OMIM. PMID: 29386386 - Pierce et al 2018 - report a 13 yo female with a de novo RING1 p.R95Q variant and syndromic neurodevelopmental disabilities. Early motor and language development were normal but were delayed after the first year of life. Cognitive testing showed a verbal IQ of 55 and a visual performance IQ of 63. Head circumference at birth was -4.9 SD, and -4.2 SD at age 13 which falls into the severe microcephaly category. C. elegans with either the missense mutation or complete knockout of spat-3 (the suggested RING1 ortholog) were defective in monoubiquitylation of histone H2A and had defects in neuronal migration and axon guidance. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.8292 | IRX5 |
Eleanor Williams changed review comment from: Associated with Hamamy syndrome #611174 (AR) in OMIM. Hamamy syndrome is characterised by craniofacial dysmorphism, hearing loss, skeletal anomalies, microcytic hypochromic anemia and congenital heart defects. Severe myopia has also been reported. Homozygous missense variants in IRX5 were reported in 2 families with this condition. Cone dystrophy ------------------- PMID: 33891002 - Khol et al 2021 - report 3 unrelated families with duplications of a region covering the genes IRX5 and IRX6 completely, and the proximal exons of MMP2 and cone dystrophy. They propose that overexpression of IRX5 and IRX6 may be the cause of the disease, and this is supported by expression analysis in patient-derived fibroblasts and zebrafish experiments. Initial family is a large 5 generation German family with 14 members with autosomal dominant cone dystrophy in which a 600kb duplicated region covering IRX5/IRX6 and part of MMP2 was identified. 2 additional families of Chinese and Dutch descent with copy number gains of ~700 and ~850 kb, covering the same region were then identified. The smallest region of overlap is 608kb. In addition another family of German decent is reported with adCD and the same duplication as the first German family. It is not known if they are distantly related. Segregation analysis on available members of all families showed the duplication in affected members and not in unaffected. They find that IRX5, IRX6 and MMP2 are expressed in human adult retina. Several lincRNA within the locus are also expressed. In patient derived fibroblasts IRX5 and IRX6 showed increased expression levels. Over expression of IRX5 and IRX6 results in impaired visual performance in zebrafish larvae.; to: Associated with Hamamy syndrome #611174 (AR) in OMIM. Hamamy syndrome is characterised by craniofacial dysmorphism, hearing loss, skeletal anomalies, microcytic hypochromic anemia and congenital heart defects. Severe myopia has also been reported. Homozygous missense variants in IRX5 were reported in 2 families with this condition (PMID: 22581230;17230486) Duplication of gene ------------------- PMID: 33891002 - Kohl et al 2021 - report 3 unrelated families with duplications of a region covering the genes IRX5 and IRX6 completely, and the proximal exons of MMP2 and cone dystrophy. They propose that overexpression of IRX5 and IRX6 may be the cause of the disease, and this is supported by expression analysis in patient-derived fibroblasts and zebrafish experiments. Initial family is a large 5 generation German family with 14 members with autosomal dominant cone dystrophy in which a 600kb duplicated region covering IRX5/IRX6 and part of MMP2 was identified. 2 additional families of Chinese and Dutch descent with copy number gains of ~700 and ~850 kb, covering the same region were then identified. The smallest region of overlap is 608kb. In addition another family of German decent is reported with adCD and the same duplication as the first German family. It is not known if they are distantly related. Segregation analysis on available members of all families showed the duplication in affected members and not in unaffected. They find that IRX5, IRX6 and MMP2 are expressed in human adult retina. Several lincRNA within the locus are also expressed. In patient derived fibroblasts IRX5 and IRX6 showed increased expression levels. Over expression of IRX5 and IRX6 results in impaired visual performance in zebrafish larvae. Loss of function/gene --------- PMID: 28041643 - Carss et al 2017 - screened a cohort of 722 individuals with inherited retinal disease using WES/WGS. 1 case reported with a biallelic deletion in IRX5 reported which leads to a frameshift ENST00000394636.4; c.1362_1366delTAAAG, p.Lys455ProfsTer19 in a patient with retinitis pigmentosa. PMID: 32045705 - Apuzzo et al 2020 - report 2 cases of loss of a region in 16q12.1q21 which encompasses IRX5 and IRX6 and many other genes, which together with 3 other previous reports of deletions in this region help define a syndrome with features that include dysmorphic features, short stature, microcephaly, global developmental delay/intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and ocular abnormalities (nystagmus and strabismus). |
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| Mendeliome v0.8292 | IRX6 |
Eleanor Williams changed review comment from: Not associated with any disorder in OMIM or Gene2Phenotype. PMID: 33891002 - Khol et al 2021 - report 3 unrelated families with duplications of a region covering the genes IRX5 and IRX6 completely, and the proximal exons of MMP2 and cone dystrophy. They propose that overexpression of IRX5 and IRX6 may be the cause of the disease, and this is supported by expression analysis in patient-derived fibroblasts and zebrafish experiments. Initial family is a large 5 generation German family with 14 members with autosomal dominant cone dystrophy in which a 600kb duplicated region covering IRX5/IRX6 and part of MMP2 was identified. 2 additional families of Chinese and Dutch descent with copy number gains of ~700 and ~850 kb, covering the same region were then identified. The smallest region of overlap is 608kb. In addition another family of German decent is reported with adCD and the same duplication as the first German family. It is not known if they are distantly related. Segregation analysis on available members of all families showed the duplication in affected members and not in unaffected. They find that IRX5, IRX6 and MMP2 are expressed in human adult retina. Several lincRNA within the locus are also expressed. In patient derived fibroblasts IRX5 and IRX6 showed increased expression levels. Over expression of IRX5 and IRX6 results in impaired visual performance in zebrafish larvae. Sources: Literature; to: Not associated with any disorder in OMIM or Gene2Phenotype. PMID: 33891002 - Kohl et al 2021 - report 3 unrelated families with duplications of a region covering the genes IRX5 and IRX6 completely, and the proximal exons of MMP2 and cone dystrophy. They propose that overexpression of IRX5 and IRX6 may be the cause of the disease, and this is supported by expression analysis in patient-derived fibroblasts and zebrafish experiments. Initial family is a large 5 generation German family with 14 members with autosomal dominant cone dystrophy in which a 600kb duplicated region covering IRX5/IRX6 and part of MMP2 was identified. 2 additional families of Chinese and Dutch descent with copy number gains of ~700 and ~850 kb, covering the same region were then identified. The smallest region of overlap is 608kb. In addition another family of German decent is reported with adCD and the same duplication as the first German family. It is not known if they are distantly related. Segregation analysis on available members of all families showed the duplication in affected members and not in unaffected. They find that IRX5, IRX6 and MMP2 are expressed in human adult retina. Several lincRNA within the locus are also expressed. In patient derived fibroblasts IRX5 and IRX6 showed increased expression levels. Over expression of IRX5 and IRX6 results in impaired visual performance in zebrafish larvae. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.8289 | HID1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: HID1 was added gene: HID1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: HID1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: HID1 were set to 33999436 Phenotypes for gene: HID1 were set to Syndromic infantile encephalopathy; Hypopituitarism Review for gene: HID1 was set to GREEN Added comment: 7 individuals from 6 unrelated families reported. Clinical features included: hypopituitarism in combination with brain atrophy, thin corpus callosum, severe developmental delay, visual impairment, and epilepsy Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.8277 | MYT1 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Five unrelated individuals reported with variants in this gene and OAV spectrum.; to: Five unrelated individuals reported with variants in this gene and OAV spectrum. Single individual reported with missense variant as part of an ID cohort, limited evidence for disease association. |
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| Mendeliome v0.8269 | ATP1A2 |
Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: ATP1A2: Added comment: Association with alternating hemiplegia is well established. PMID 31608932: Three individuals from two unrelated families reported with balleliic LoF variants in this gene and hydrops/congenital abnormalities. Mouse model is perinatal lethal. PMID 33880529: six individuals with de novo missense variants reported and DD/EE/PMG.; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed publications: 31608932, 33880529; Changed phenotypes: Alternating hemiplegia of childhood 1, MIM#104290, Hydrops fetalis, microcephaly, arthrogryposis, extensive cortical malformations, Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, polymicrogyria; Changed mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal |
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| Mendeliome v0.8266 | SAMD9L |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: At least three unrelated families reported, some postulate GoF whereas others postulate LoF as mechanism.; to: Ataxia-pancytopaenia: At least three unrelated families reported, some postulate GoF whereas others postulate LoF as mechanism. ID: single individual reported, limited evidence of association. |
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| Mendeliome v0.8264 | IRX6 |
Eleanor Williams gene: IRX6 was added gene: IRX6 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: IRX6 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Publications for gene: IRX6 were set to 33891002 Phenotypes for gene: IRX6 were set to cone dystrophy, MONDO:0000455 Mode of pathogenicity for gene: IRX6 was set to Other Review for gene: IRX6 was set to GREEN Added comment: Not associated with any disorder in OMIM or Gene2Phenotype. PMID: 33891002 - Khol et al 2021 - report 3 unrelated families with duplications of a region covering the genes IRX5 and IRX6 completely, and the proximal exons of MMP2 and cone dystrophy. They propose that overexpression of IRX5 and IRX6 may be the cause of the disease, and this is supported by expression analysis in patient-derived fibroblasts and zebrafish experiments. Initial family is a large 5 generation German family with 14 members with autosomal dominant cone dystrophy in which a 600kb duplicated region covering IRX5/IRX6 and part of MMP2 was identified. 2 additional families of Chinese and Dutch descent with copy number gains of ~700 and ~850 kb, covering the same region were then identified. The smallest region of overlap is 608kb. In addition another family of German decent is reported with adCD and the same duplication as the first German family. It is not known if they are distantly related. Segregation analysis on available members of all families showed the duplication in affected members and not in unaffected. They find that IRX5, IRX6 and MMP2 are expressed in human adult retina. Several lincRNA within the locus are also expressed. In patient derived fibroblasts IRX5 and IRX6 showed increased expression levels. Over expression of IRX5 and IRX6 results in impaired visual performance in zebrafish larvae. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.8263 | EPHA7 |
Zornitza Stark gene: EPHA7 was added gene: EPHA7 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: EPHA7 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: EPHA7 were set to 34176129 Phenotypes for gene: EPHA7 were set to Intellectual disability Review for gene: EPHA7 was set to AMBER Added comment: Lévy et al (2021 - PMID: 34176129) provide evidence that haploinssuficiency of EPHA7 results in a neurodevelopmental disorder. The authors report on 12 individuals belonging to 9 unrelated families, all harboring with 6q microdeletions spanning EPHA7. Overlapping features included DD (13/13), ID (10/10 - mild in most cases, individuals with larger CNVs/additional variants had more severe phenotype), speech delay and behavioral disorders. Variable other features incl. hypotonia (70%), non specific facial features, eye abnormalities (40%) and cardiac defects (25%). The CNVs ranged from 152 kb to few Mb in size but in 4 subjects (P5-8) were only minimal, involving only EPHA7. 9 out of 12 individuals had inherited the deletion (5 subjects paternal, 4 maternal), in 1 subject (P12) this occured de novo, while for 2 others inheritance was not specified. Most deletions were inherited from an unaffected parent (in 6/7 families), with unclear contribution in a further one. The authors discuss on previous studies suggesting an important role for EphA7 in brain development (modulation of cell-cell adhesion and repulsion, regulation of dendrite morphogenesis in early corticogenesis, role in dendritic spine formation later in development. EphA7 has also been proposed to drive neuronal maturation and synaptic function). Haploinsufficiency for other ephrins or ephrin receptors has been implicated in other NDDs. Overall Lévy et al promote incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity with haploinsufficiency of this gene being a risk factor for NDD. [The gene has also an %HI of 2.76% and a pLI of 1]. Sources: Expert Review |
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| Mendeliome v0.8258 | GRK2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: GRK2 was added gene: GRK2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: GRK2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: GRK2 were set to 33200460 Phenotypes for gene: GRK2 were set to Jeune asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy (ATD) Review for gene: GRK2 was set to AMBER Added comment: Two unrelated families reported and some functional data. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.8229 | ATP9A |
Arina Puzriakova gene: ATP9A was added gene: ATP9A was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ATP9A was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: ATP9A were set to http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jmedgenet-2021-107843 Phenotypes for gene: ATP9A were set to Neurodevelopmental delay; Postnatal microcephaly; Failure to thrive; Gastrointestinal symptoms Review for gene: ATP9A was set to AMBER Added comment: Vogt et al. 2021 report on 3 individuals from 2 unrelated consanguineous families with different homozygous truncating variants in ATP9A, presenting with DD/ID of variable degree (2 mild, 1 severe), postnatal microcephaly (OFC range: −2.33 SD to −3.58 SD), failure to thrive, and gastrointestinal symptoms. Patient-derived fibroblasts showed reduced expression of ATP9A, and consistent with previous findings also overexpression of interacting partners, ARPC3 and SNX3. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.8229 | ATP2C2 |
Eleanor Williams gene: ATP2C2 was added gene: ATP2C2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ATP2C2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Publications for gene: ATP2C2 were set to 33864365; 28440294 Phenotypes for gene: ATP2C2 were set to language impairment, HP:0002463 Review for gene: ATP2C2 was set to RED Added comment: PMID: 33864365 - Martinelli et al 2021 - report a family with a missense variant NM_001286527.2:c.304G>A, p.(Val102Met) in ATP2C2 in a father and two siblings with specific language impairment. However two other affected siblings did not have this variant. This variant was also reported by Chen et al. They found that the variant had a higher frequency in language cases (1.8%, N = 360) compared with cohorts selected for dyslexia (0.8%, N = 520) and ADHD (0.7%, N = 150), which presented frequencies comparable to reference databases (0.9%, N = 24 046 gnomAD controls). They postulate that variant is not sufficient on its own to cause a disorder but is a susceptibility factor which increases the risk for language impairment. PMID: 28440294 - Chen et al 2017 - report 2 probands with severe learning impairment, and missense variants in ATP2C2 (NM_001286527: c.G304A:p.V102M and NM_001291454:exon21: c.C1936T:p.R646W). Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.8217 | TCTN3 | Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Rare cause of JBS, I can only find two families reported plus one with OFD. Ataxia specifically described in one of the JBS individuals.; to: Three unrelated families reported with JBTS phenotype. Variants in this gene are associated with other ciliopathies as well (OFD and Mohr-Majewski). | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.8201 | NUF2 |
Dean Phelan gene: NUF2 was added gene: NUF2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: NUF2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: NUF2 were set to PMID: 33721060 Phenotypes for gene: NUF2 were set to microcephaly; short stature; bilateral vocal cord paralysis; micrognathia; atrial septal defect Review for gene: NUF2 was set to RED Added comment: PMID: 33721060 - de novo missense variant identified in one male patient with microcephaly and short stature, with additional features, such as bilateral vocal cord paralysis, micrognathia and atrial septal defect. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.8201 | HEATR5B |
Teresa Zhao gene: HEATR5B was added gene: HEATR5B was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: HEATR5B was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: HEATR5B were set to PMID: 33824466 Phenotypes for gene: HEATR5B were set to pontocerebellar hypoplasia Review for gene: HEATR5B was set to AMBER Added comment: Four affected children from two families presenting with pontocerebellar hypoplasiawith neonatal seizures, severe ID and motor delay. Two homozygous splice variants were reported ((c.5051–1G>A and c.5050+4A>G) in intron 31 of HEATR5B gene. Aberrant splicing was found in patient fibroblasts, which correlated with reduced levels of HEATR5B protein. Homozygous knockout mice were not viable. *NOTE: gene (and alias) not found in OMIM Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.8189 | IFT80 | Zornitza Stark commented on gene: IFT80: 5 unrelated families reported. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.8186 | TTC26 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Three unrelated families and functional data including zebrafish model. Sources: Literature; to: Seven families and functional data including zebrafish model. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.8185 | TTC26 |
Zornitza Stark gene: TTC26 was added gene: TTC26 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: TTC26 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: TTC26 were set to 34177428; 32617964; 31595528; 24596149; 22718903 Phenotypes for gene: TTC26 were set to Ciliopathy Syndrome with Biliary, Renal, Neurological, and Skeletal Manifestations Review for gene: TTC26 was set to GREEN Added comment: Three unrelated families and functional data including zebrafish model. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.8177 | ARHGEF9 | Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ARHGEF9 was changed from X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.8159 | KCNJ16 |
Zornitza Stark gene: KCNJ16 was added gene: KCNJ16 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: KCNJ16 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: KCNJ16 were set to 33811157; 33840812 Phenotypes for gene: KCNJ16 were set to Renal tubulopathy; deafness Review for gene: KCNJ16 was set to GREEN Added comment: 8 unrelated families reported. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.8130 | C21orf2 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Axial spondylometaphyseal dysplasia (SMDAX) is characterized by postnatal growth failure, including rhizomelic short stature in early childhood that evolves into short trunk in late childhood, and thoracic hypoplasia that may cause mild to moderate respiratory problems in the neonatal period and later susceptibility to airway infection. Impaired visual acuity comes to medical attention in early life and vision rapidly deteriorates. Retinal changes are diagnosed as retinitis pigmentosa or pigmentary retinal degeneration on funduscopic examination and as cone-rod dystrophy on ERG. Radiologic hallmarks include short ribs with flared and cupped anterior ends, mild spondylar dysplasia, lacy iliac crests, and metaphyseal irregularities essentially confined to the proximal femora. At least 7 unrelated families reported. 7 families also reported with isolated retinal dystrophy.; to: Axial spondylometaphyseal dysplasia (SMDAX) is characterized by postnatal growth failure, including rhizomelic short stature in early childhood that evolves into short trunk in late childhood, and thoracic hypoplasia that may cause mild to moderate respiratory problems in the neonatal period and later susceptibility to airway infection. Impaired visual acuity comes to medical attention in early life and vision rapidly deteriorates. Retinal changes are diagnosed as retinitis pigmentosa or pigmentary retinal degeneration on funduscopic examination and as cone-rod dystrophy on ERG. Radiologic hallmarks include short ribs with flared and cupped anterior ends, mild spondylar dysplasia, lacy iliac crests, and metaphyseal irregularities essentially confined to the proximal femora. At least 7 unrelated families reported. 7 families also reported with isolated retinal dystrophy. New HGNC approved name is CFAP410. |
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| Mendeliome v0.8097 | SYK | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: SYK were changed from Immune dysregulation and systemic inflammation to Immunodeficiency-82 with systemic inflammation (IMD82) , MIM#619381 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.8079 | POPDC3 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: 5 affected individuals from 3 unrelated families reported, supportive animal model data. Sources: Literature; to: 5 affected individuals from 3 unrelated families reported, supportive animal model data. Presentation was between adolescence and 40s with proximal muscle weakness primarily affecting the lower limbs, resulting in increased falls and difficulty running. The disorder was slowly progressive, with later involvement of the upper limbs. MRI showed fatty replacement of the thigh muscles and medial gastrocnemius, with some paraspinal muscles also affected. Some patients had calf hypertrophy. Serum CK was markedly elevated. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.8078 | POPDC3 |
Zornitza Stark gene: POPDC3 was added gene: POPDC3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: POPDC3 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: POPDC3 were set to 31610034 Phenotypes for gene: POPDC3 were set to Muscular dystrophy, limb-girdle, autosomal recessive 26, MIM# 618848 Review for gene: POPDC3 was set to GREEN Added comment: 5 affected individuals from 3 unrelated families reported, supportive animal model data. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.8065 | PARN | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: PARN were changed from to Dyskeratosis congenita, autosomal recessive 6, MIM# 616353; Pulmonary fibrosis and/or bone marrow failure, telomere-related, 4, MIM# 616371 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.8062 | PARN | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: PARN: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 25893599, 26342108, 25848748; Phenotypes: Dyskeratosis congenita, autosomal recessive 6, MIM# 616353, Pulmonary fibrosis and/or bone marrow failure, telomere-related, 4, MIM# 616371; Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.8053 | NFS1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: NFS1 were changed from Complex II/III deficiency; multisystem organ failure to Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 52, MIM#619386; Complex II/III deficiency; multisystem organ failure | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.8051 | NFS1 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: NFS1: Changed phenotypes: Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 52, MIM#619386, Complex II/III deficiency, multisystem organ failure | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.8046 | NBEAL2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: NBEAL2 were changed from to Gray platelet syndrome, MIM# 139090 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.8043 | NBEAL2 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: NBEAL2: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 21765412, 21765411, 21765413; Phenotypes: Gray platelet syndrome, MIM# 139090; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.8011 | ADA2 | Zornitza Stark commented on gene: ADA2: Vasculitis, autoinflammation, immunodeficiency, and haematologic defects syndrome (VAIHS) is an autosomal recessive multisystem disorder with onset in childhood. The phenotype is highly variable, but most patients have features of a systemic vascular inflammatory disorder with skin ulceration and recurrent strokes affecting the small vessels of the brain resulting in neurologic dysfunction. Other features may include recurrent fever, elevated acute-phase proteins, myalgias, lesions resembling polyarteritis nodosa, and/or livedo racemosa or reticularis with an inflammatory vasculitis on biopsy. Some patients may have renal and/or gastrointestinal involvement, hypertension, aneurysms, or ischemic necrosis of the digits. Some affected individuals have immunodeficiency. At least 10 unrelated families reported, the p.Gly47Arg variant is a common founder variant in the Jewish population. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.8009 | IFT74 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: IFT74: Added comment: PMID 33531668: Identified IFT74 as a JBTS-associated gene in 3 unrelated families through WES. All the affected individuals carried truncated variants and shared one missense variant (p.Q179E) found only in East Asians. The expression of the human p.Q179E-IFT74 variant displayed compromised rescue effects in zebrafish ift74 morphants. Attenuated ciliogenesis; altered distribution of IFT proteins and ciliary membrane proteins, including ARL13B, INPP5E, and GPR161; and disrupted hedgehog signaling were observed in patient fibroblasts with IFT74 variants.; Changed publications: 27486776, 32144365, 33531668; Changed phenotypes: Bardet-Biedl syndrome 20, MIM# 617119, Joubert syndrome | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.8008 | RFX4 |
Zornitza Stark gene: RFX4 was added gene: RFX4 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: RFX4 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: RFX4 were set to 33658631 Phenotypes for gene: RFX4 were set to ID, ASD, ADHD Review for gene: RFX4 was set to GREEN Added comment: Report of 38 individuals (from 33 unrelated families) with de novo or inherited loss of function variants in RFX3 (15 families), RFX4 (4 families), and RFX7 (14 families), identified through WES. Individuals share neurobehavioural features including ASD, intellectual disability, and/or ADHD; other frequent features include hypersensitivity to sensory stimuli and sleep problems. RFX3, RFX4, and RFX7 are strongly expressed in developing and adult human brain, and X-box binding motifs as well as RFX ChIP-seq peaks are enriched in the cis-regulatory regions of known ASD risk genes. These genes are potentially critical transcriptional regulators of neurobiological pathways associated with neurodevelopmental disease pathogenesis. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.8006 | RFX3 |
Zornitza Stark gene: RFX3 was added gene: RFX3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: RFX3 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: RFX3 were set to 33658631 Phenotypes for gene: RFX3 were set to ID, ASD, ADHD Review for gene: RFX3 was set to GREEN Added comment: Report of 38 individuals (from 33 unrelated families) with de novo or inherited loss of function variants in RFX3 (15 families), RFX4 (4 families), and RFX7 (14 families), identified through WES. Individuals share neurobehavioural features including ASD, intellectual disability, and/or ADHD; other frequent features include hypersensitivity to sensory stimuli and sleep problems. RFX3, RFX4, and RFX7 are strongly expressed in developing and adult human brain, and X-box binding motifs as well as RFX ChIP-seq peaks are enriched in the cis-regulatory regions of known ASD risk genes. These genes are potentially critical transcriptional regulators of neurobiological pathways associated with neurodevelopmental disease pathogenesis. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.8004 | RFX7 |
Zornitza Stark gene: RFX7 was added gene: RFX7 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: RFX7 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: RFX7 were set to 33658631 Phenotypes for gene: RFX7 were set to ID, ASD, ADHD Review for gene: RFX7 was set to GREEN Added comment: Report of 38 individuals (from 33 unrelated families) with de novo or inherited loss of function variants in RFX3 (15 families), RFX4 (4 families), and RFX7 (14 families), identified through WES. Individuals share neurobehavioural features including ASD, intellectual disability, and/or ADHD; other frequent features include hypersensitivity to sensory stimuli and sleep problems. RFX3, RFX4, and RFX7 are strongly expressed in developing and adult human brain, and X-box binding motifs as well as RFX ChIP-seq peaks are enriched in the cis-regulatory regions of known ASD risk genes. These genes are potentially critical transcriptional regulators of neurobiological pathways associated with neurodevelopmental disease pathogenesis. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.7993 | FARSA | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: FARSA: Added comment: Schuch et al. (2021) report 3 unrelated individuals with bi-allelic variants in FARSA. Identified through WES and variants segregated with disease. Functional evidence was obtained with reduced FARS1 enzyme activity levels in fibroblasts or EBV-transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines (EBV-LCLs) of patients. Common to all was a chronic interstitial lung disease starting early in life and characterized by bilateral ground-glass opacification on HR-CT, and cholesterol pneumonitis in lung histology. Additional abnormalities in other organ systems include liver disease, neurological manifestations, and growth restriction.; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed publications: 31355908, 33598926; Changed phenotypes: Rajab interstitial lung disease with brain calcifications 2, MIM# 619013 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.7985 | NIID |
Bryony Thompson STR: NIID was added STR: NIID was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for STR: NIID was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for STR: NIID were set to 31178126; 31332381; 31819945; 33887199; 33943039; 32250060; 31332380; 32852534; 32989102 Phenotypes for STR: NIID were set to Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease MIM#603472; Tremor, hereditary essential, 6 MIM#618866 Review for STR: NIID was set to GREEN STR: NIID was marked as clinically relevant Added comment: NM_001364012.2:c.-164GGC[(66_517)] Large number of families and sporadic cases reported with expansions, with a range of neurodegenerative phenotypes, including: dementia, Parkinsonism/tremor, peripheral neuropathy, leukoencephalopathy, myopathy, motor neurone disease. Normal repeat range: 7-60 Pathogenic repeat range: >=61-500 Mechanism of disease is translation of repeat expansion into a toxic polyglycine protein, identified in both mouse models and tissue samples from affected individuals. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.7949 | SASH3 |
Zornitza Stark gene: SASH3 was added gene: SASH3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SASH3 was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females Publications for gene: SASH3 were set to 33876203 Phenotypes for gene: SASH3 were set to Combined immunodeficiency; immune dysregulation Review for gene: SASH3 was set to GREEN Added comment: Four unrelated males reported presenting with combined immunodeficiency and immune dysregulation manifesting as recurrent sinopulmonary, cutaneous and mucosal infections, and refractory autoimmune cytopaenias. One missense variant, rest were nonsense. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.7946 | FOXP1 | Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: At least 5 unrelated individuals reported.; to: At least 30 unrelated individuals reported. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.7944 | SCN7A |
Zornitza Stark gene: SCN7A was added gene: SCN7A was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SCN7A was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SCN7A were set to 32732226 Phenotypes for gene: SCN7A were set to Holoprosencephaly Review for gene: SCN7A was set to RED Added comment: Novel candidate gene identified in a fetus with holoprosencephaly detected by ultrasound. Autopsy showed multiple congenital abnormalities including IUGR, microcephaly, bilateral, ablepharon, corpus callosum agenesis, myelomeningocele, tracheal atresia, absent nipples, unilateral simian crease, and hypoplastic phalanges. Compound heterozygous variants including a truncating variant were found by exome sequencing with concordant segregation. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.7938 | WDR91 | Zornitza Stark commented on gene: WDR91: PMID 32732226: Novel candidate gene identified in a fetus with hygroma and hydrocephaly detected by fetal ultrasound. Autopsy showed multiple congenital abnormalities including hygroma, macrocephaly, abnormal ears, unilateral simian crease, hydrocephaly, cerebellar hypoplasia, and interventricular communication. A homozygous truncating variant was found by exome sequencing with concordant segregation among 4 affected fetus, 2 healthy sibs and both parents. Mouse models support role in brain development. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.7937 | ZNF3 |
Zornitza Stark gene: ZNF3 was added gene: ZNF3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ZNF3 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: ZNF3 were set to 32732226 Phenotypes for gene: ZNF3 were set to Hydrocephalus; cleft palate; microphthalmia Review for gene: ZNF3 was set to RED Added comment: Novel candidate gene identified in a fetus with hydrocephaly and facial cleft detected by fetal ultrasound. Autopsy showed multiple congenital abnormalities including a median cleft palate, partial maxillar agenesis, bilateral severe microphthalmia, arhinencephaly, partial thalamic fusion. A homozygous truncating variant (c.396A>G/ p.*132Trpext*69) in ZNF3 was found by exome sequencing. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.7932 | EIF2AK2 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: EIF2AK2: Added comment: Four unrelated families reported with dystonia, recurrent variant, (p.Gly130Arg); Changed publications: 32197074, 33866603; Changed phenotypes: Intellectual disability, white matter abnormalities, ataxia, regression with febrile illness, Dystonia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.7932 | SLC37A4 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: SLC37A4 were changed from to Glycogen storage disease Ib 232220; Glycogen storage disease Ic 232240; Congenital disorder of glycosylation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.7929 | SLC37A4 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: SLC37A4: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 33964207, 9675154, 9758626; Phenotypes: Glycogen storage disease Ib 232220, Glycogen storage disease Ic 232240, Congenital disorder of glycosylation; Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.7905 | PLG |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Association between mono-allelic variants and HAE: Over 20 families reported with a recurrent variant, p.Lys330Glu. Single family reported with a different variant. Note bi-allelic variants are associated with a separate disorder. Bi-allelic variants and plasminogen deficiency: congenital plasminogen deficiency is characterised clinically by chronic mucosal pseudomembranous lesions consisting of subepithelial fibrin deposition and inflammation. The most common clinical manifestation is ligneous ('wood-like') conjunctivitis, a redness and subsequent formation of pseudomembranes mostly on the palpebral surfaces of the eye that progress to white, yellow-white, or red thick masses with a wood-like consistency that replace the normal mucosa. The lesions may be triggered by local injury and/or infection and often recur after local excision. Pseudomembranous lesions of other mucous membranes often occur in the mouth, nasopharynx, trachea, and female genital tract. Some affected children also have congenital occlusive hydrocephalus. At least 3 unrelated families reported.; to: Association between mono-allelic variants and HAE: Over 20 families reported with a recurrent variant, p.Lys330Glu. Single family reported with a different variant. Note bi-allelic variants are associated with a separate disorder. Bi-allelic variants and plasminogen deficiency: congenital plasminogen deficiency is characterised clinically by chronic mucosal pseudomembranous lesions consisting of subepithelial fibrin deposition and inflammation. The most common clinical manifestation is ligneous ('wood-like') conjunctivitis, a redness and subsequent formation of pseudomembranes mostly on the palpebral surfaces of the eye that progress to white, yellow-white, or red thick masses with a wood-like consistency that replace the normal mucosa. The lesions may be triggered by local injury and/or infection and often recur after local excision. Pseudomembranous lesions of other mucous membranes often occur in the mouth, nasopharynx, trachea, and female genital tract. Some affected children also have congenital occlusive hydrocephalus. Over 20 unrelated families reported. |
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| Mendeliome v0.7891 | LTBP1 |
Chern Lim gene: LTBP1 was added gene: LTBP1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: LTBP1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: LTBP1 were set to 33991472 Phenotypes for gene: LTBP1 were set to cutis laxa syndrome Review for gene: LTBP1 was set to GREEN gene: LTBP1 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: PMID:33991472 - Premature truncating variants in multiple affected individuals from 4 unrelated consanguineous families. - Affected individuals present with connective tissue features (cutis laxa and inguinal hernia), craniofacial dysmorphology, variable heart defects, and prominent skeletal features (craniosynostosis, short stature, brachydactyly, and syndactyly). - Functional studies done on patient fibroblasts and zebrafish models. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.7891 | SLC30A5 |
Melanie Marty gene: SLC30A5 was added gene: SLC30A5 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC30A5 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SLC30A5 were set to 33547425; 12095919 Phenotypes for gene: SLC30A5 were set to Perinatal lethal cardiomyopathy Review for gene: SLC30A5 was set to AMBER Added comment: Four affected children from two unrelated families with cardiomyopathy, hydrops fetalis, or cystic hygroma that all deceased perinatally. 2 different homozygous PTCs variants found. Knockout of SLC30A5 in mouse models showed reduced body growth and reduced bone density. About 60% of the mice died due to bradyarrhythmia. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.7891 | ANGPTL8 |
Dean Phelan gene: ANGPTL8 was added gene: ANGPTL8 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ANGPTL8 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: ANGPTL8 were set to PMID: 33909604 Phenotypes for gene: ANGPTL8 were set to Low serum triglycerides; Coronary artery disease Review for gene: ANGPTL8 was set to RED Added comment: PMID: 33909604 - Population studies showed PTV are associated with both lipid levels and coronary artery disease. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.7891 | PGM2L1 |
Chern Lim gene: PGM2L1 was added gene: PGM2L1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: PGM2L1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: PGM2L1 were set to 33979636 Phenotypes for gene: PGM2L1 were set to severe developmental and speech delay, dysmorphic facial features, ear anomalies, high arched palate, strabismus, hypotonia, and keratosis pilaris Review for gene: PGM2L1 was set to GREEN gene: PGM2L1 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: PMID: 33979636: - Hom/chet PTVs in 4 unrelated individuals. All four affected individuals had severe developmental and speech delay, dysmorphic facial features, ear anomalies, high arched palate, strabismus, hypotonia, and keratosis pilaris. Early obesity and seizures were present in three individuals. - Studies on patient fibroblasts and cell lines indicated that PGM2L1 deficiency causes a decrease, but not a disappearance, of the sugar bisphosphates needed for the formation of NDP-sugars and that there is no evidence that this leads to a glycosylation defect. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.7878 | RPL3L | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: RPL3L were changed from Neonatal dilated cardiomyopathy to Cardiomyopathy, dilated, 2D, MIM# 619371; Neonatal dilated cardiomyopathy | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.7877 | RPL3L | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: RPL3L: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Cardiomyopathy, dilated, 2D, MIM# 619371, Neonatal dilated cardiomyopathy; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.7865 | IQSEC2 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: IQSEC2: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 33368194, 20473311, 23674175; Phenotypes: Mental retardation, X-linked 1/78, MIM# 309530, MONDO:0010656, Severe intellectual disability-progressive postnatal microcephaly- midline stereotypic hand movements syndrome MONDO:0018347; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.7817 | TBXA2R | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: TBXA2R were changed from to {Bleeding disorder, platelet-type, 13, susceptibility to}, MIM# 614009 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.7813 | TBXA2R | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: TBXA2R: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 7929844, 19828703, 22517902; Phenotypes: {Bleeding disorder, platelet-type, 13, susceptibility to}, MIM# 614009; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.7813 | P2RY12 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: P2RY12 were changed from to Bleeding disorder, platelet-type, 8, MIM# 609821; MONDO:0012354 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.7810 | P2RY12 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: P2RY12: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 11196645, 12578987, 29117459, 19237732; Phenotypes: Bleeding disorder, platelet-type, 8, MIM# 609821, MONDO:0012354; Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.7804 | ITGA2B | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ITGA2B were changed from to Bleeding disorder, platelet-type, 16, MIM# 187800; MONDO:000855; Glanzmann thrombasthaenia 1, MIM# 273800 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.7801 | ITGA2B | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: ITGA2B: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 1638023, 21454453, 8282784, 16463284; Phenotypes: Bleeding disorder, platelet-type, 16, MIM# 187800, MONDO:000855, Glanzmann thrombasthaenia 1, MIM# 273800; Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.7796 | POU4F1 |
Bryony Thompson gene: POU4F1 was added gene: POU4F1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: POU4F1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: POU4F1 were set to 33783914; 8876243 Phenotypes for gene: POU4F1 were set to Ataxia; intention tremor; hypotonia Review for gene: POU4F1 was set to GREEN Added comment: 4 unrelated probands presenting with paediatric onset ataxia, intention tremor, and hypotonia, with de novo loss of function variants, and supporting null mouse model. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.7780 | GP6 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: GP6 were changed from to Bleeding disorder, platelet-type, 11, MIM# 614201; MONDO:0013623 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.7777 | GP6 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: GP6: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 19549989, 19552682, 23815599; Phenotypes: Bleeding disorder, platelet-type, 11, MIM# 614201, MONDO:0013623; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.7767 | FGB |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Inherited disorders of fibrinogen affect either the quantity (afibrinogenaemia and hypofibrinogenaemia) or the quality (dysfibrinogenemia) of the circulating fibrinogen or both. Afibrinogenaemia is characterized by the complete absence of immunoreactive fibrinogen. Bleeding due to afibrinogenaemia usually manifests in the neonatal period, with 85% of cases presenting umbilical cord bleeding, but a later age of onst is not unusual. Bleeding may occur in the skin, gastrointestinal tract, genitourinary tract, or the central nervous system, with intracranial haemorrhage being reported as the major cause of death. Patients are susceptible to spontaneous rupture of the spleen. First-trimester pregnancy loss is common. Both arterial and venous thromboembolic complications have been reported. Hypofibrinogenaemia is a milder disorder. Well established gene-disease association.; to: Inherited disorders of fibrinogen affect either the quantity (afibrinogenaemia and hypofibrinogenaemia) or the quality (dysfibrinogenemia) of the circulating fibrinogen or both. Afibrinogenaemia is characterized by the complete absence of immunoreactive fibrinogen. Bleeding due to afibrinogenaemia usually manifests in the neonatal period, with 85% of cases presenting umbilical cord bleeding, but a later age of onst is not unusual. Bleeding may occur in the skin, gastrointestinal tract, genitourinary tract, or the central nervous system, with intracranial haemorrhage being reported as the major cause of death. Patients are susceptible to spontaneous rupture of the spleen. First-trimester pregnancy loss is common. Both arterial and venous thromboembolic complications have been reported. Hypofibrinogenaemia is a milder disorder. Well established gene-disease association. |
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| Mendeliome v0.7750 | F10 | Zornitza Stark commented on gene: F10: Factor X deficiency shows variable phenotypic severity. Affected individuals can manifest prolonged nasal and mucosal haemorrhage, menorrhagia, haematuria, and occasionally haemarthrosis. More than 20 unrelated families reported. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.7749 | MCM7 |
Arina Puzriakova gene: MCM7 was added gene: MCM7 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: MCM7 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: MCM7 were set to 33654309; 34059554 Phenotypes for gene: MCM7 were set to Meier-Gorlin syndrome; Microcephaly; Intellectual disability; Lipodystrophy; Adrenal insufficiency Review for gene: MCM7 was set to AMBER Added comment: MCM7 is a component of the MCM complex, a DNA helicase which is essential for DNA replication. Other components have been linked to disease with phenotypes including microcephaly and ID. MCM7 is not associated with any phenotype in OMIM or G2P at present. ------ Currently there are 3 unrelated pedigrees in literature with different biallelic MCM7 variants associated with disease (see below). Although there is some functional data in support of variant-level deleteriousness or gene-level pathogenicity, the clinical gestalt is very different between the 3 families. - PMID: 33654309 (2021) - Two unrelated individuals with different compound het variants in MCM7 but disparate clinical features. One patient had typical Meier-Gorlin syndrome (including growth retardation, microcephaly, congenital lung emphysema, absent breast development, microtia, facial dysmorphism) whereas the second case had a multi-system disorder with neonatal progeroid appearance, lipodystrophy and adrenal insufficiency. While small at birth, the second patient did not demonstrate reduced stature or microcephaly at age 14.5 years. Both individuals had normal neurodevelopment. Functional studies using patient-derived fibroblasts demonstrate that the identified MCM7 variants were deleterious at either transcript or protein levels and through interfering with MCM complex formation, impact efficiency of S phase progression. - PMID: 34059554 (2021) - Homozygous missense variant identified in three affected individuals from a consanguineous family with severe primary microcephaly, severe ID and behavioural abnormalities. Knockdown of Mcm7 in mouse neuroblastoma cells lead to reduced cell viability and proliferation with increased apoptosis, which were rescued by overexpression of wild-type but not mutant MCM7. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.7734 | GEMIN5 |
Zornitza Stark gene: GEMIN5 was added gene: GEMIN5 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: GEMIN5 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: GEMIN5 were set to 33963192 Phenotypes for gene: GEMIN5 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder with cerebellar atrophy and motor dysfunction, MIM# 619333 Review for gene: GEMIN5 was set to GREEN Added comment: Neurodevelopmental disorder with cerebellar atrophy and motor dysfunction (NEDCAM) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by global developmental delay with prominent motor abnormalities, mainly axial hypotonia, gait ataxia, and appendicular spasticity. Affected individuals have cognitive impairment and speech delay; brain imaging shows cerebellar atrophy. 30 individuals from 22 unrelated families reported. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.7726 | KCNJ5 |
Zornitza Stark gene: KCNJ5 was added gene: KCNJ5 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: KCNJ5 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: KCNJ5 were set to 21311022; 22203740; 24420545; 24574546 Phenotypes for gene: KCNJ5 were set to Hyperaldosteronism, familial, type III, MIM# 613677 Review for gene: KCNJ5 was set to GREEN Added comment: Association with hyperaldosteronism: At least 5 unrelated families reported. Association with Long QT: disputed. Sources: Expert Review |
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| Mendeliome v0.7680 | PARP6 |
Zornitza Stark gene: PARP6 was added gene: PARP6 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: PARP6 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: PARP6 were set to Cells 2021, 10(6), 1289; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10061289 Phenotypes for gene: PARP6 were set to Intellectual disability; Epilepsy; Microcephaly Review for gene: PARP6 was set to GREEN Added comment: Four unrelated individuals reported with de novo variants in this gene and a neurodevelopmental phenotype. Supportive functional data. One pair of siblings with a homozygous missense: limited evidence for bi-allelic variants causing disease. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.7667 | FAR1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: FAR1 were changed from Peroxisomal fatty acyl-CoA reductase 1 disorder, MIM#616154; spastic paraparesis and bilateral cataracts to Peroxisomal fatty acyl-CoA reductase 1 disorder, MIM#616154; Cataracts, spastic paraparesis, and speech delay, MIM#619338 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.7630 | CPE |
Zornitza Stark gene: CPE was added gene: CPE was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: CPE was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: CPE were set to 26120850; 32936766 Phenotypes for gene: CPE were set to Intellectual developmental disorder and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, MIM# 619326 Review for gene: CPE was set to AMBER Added comment: Four affected individuals from two unrelated families reported, bi-allelic LoF variants. Sources: Expert Review |
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| Mendeliome v0.7628 | CELSR1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: CELSR1 was added gene: CELSR1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: CELSR1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: CELSR1 were set to 31215153; 31403174; 26855770 Phenotypes for gene: CELSR1 were set to Lymphatic malformation 9, MIM# 619319 Review for gene: CELSR1 was set to GREEN Added comment: 3 unrelated families reported. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.7620 | FBXW7 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: FBXW7 were changed from Developmental disorder to FBXW7-related neurodevelopmental syndrome | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.7618 | FBXW7 | Elena Savva reviewed gene: FBXW7: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID: 33057194; Phenotypes: FBXW7-related neurodevelopmental syndrome; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.7599 | ZPR1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: ZPR1 was added gene: ZPR1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ZPR1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: ZPR1 were set to 29851065 Phenotypes for gene: ZPR1 were set to Growth restriction, hypoplastic kidneys, alpecia, and distinctive facies 619321 Review for gene: ZPR1 was set to RED Added comment: 3 families reported with growth restriction, hypoplastic kidneys, alopecia, and distinctive facies (GKAF). All were Hispanic families from the middle Rio Grande Valley. Homozygous missense identified in one family, p. Ile196Thr. Others unavailable for testing, founder effect postulated. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.7569 | SPEG | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: SPEG were changed from Centronuclear myopathy 5, MIM# 615959 to Centronuclear myopathy 5, MIM# 615959; Dilated cardiomyopathy | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.7567 | SPEG | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: SPEG: Added comment: PMIDs 32925938;33794647: Reports of early onset isolated DCM, as well as cardiomyopathy in the context of skeletal myopathy.; Changed publications: 25087613, 31625632, 30412272, 30157964, 29614691, 29474540, 28624463, 26578207, 25087613, 32925938, 33794647; Changed phenotypes: Centronuclear myopathy 5, MIM# 615959, Dilated cardiomyopathy | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.7561 | SLC25A46 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy type VIB is an autosomal recessive complex progressive neurologic disorder characterized mainly by early-onset optic atrophy resulting in progressive visual loss and peripheral axonal sensorimotor neuropathy with highly variable age at onset and severity. Affected individuals also have cerebellar or pontocerebellar atrophy on brain imaging, and they show abnormal movements, such as ataxia, dysmetria, and myoclonus. At least 10 unrelated families reported, supportive functional data.; to: Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy type VIB is an autosomal recessive complex progressive neurologic disorder characterized mainly by early-onset optic atrophy resulting in progressive visual loss and peripheral axonal sensorimotor neuropathy with highly variable age at onset and severity. Affected individuals also have cerebellar or pontocerebellar atrophy on brain imaging, and they show abnormal movements, such as ataxia, dysmetria, and myoclonus. New disease entity added by OMIM in 2021 to reflect this more severe end of the spectrum. At least 10 unrelated families reported, supportive functional data. |
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| Mendeliome v0.7557 | SPI1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: SPI1 was added gene: SPI1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SPI1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: SPI1 were set to 33951726 Phenotypes for gene: SPI1 were set to Agammaglobulinaemia Review for gene: SPI1 was set to GREEN Added comment: Six unrelated individuals reported, four with de novo variants, two unphased. Some functional data. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.7549 | TMEM222 |
Zornitza Stark gene: TMEM222 was added gene: TMEM222 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: TMEM222 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: TMEM222 were set to 33824500 Phenotypes for gene: TMEM222 were set to Intellectual disability; Epilepsy; Microcephaly Review for gene: TMEM222 was set to GREEN Added comment: Polla et al (2021 - PMID: 33824500) report 17 individuals from 9 unrelated families, with biallelic TMEM222 pathogenic variants. The phenotype included motor, speech delay and moderate to severe ID (as universal features). Other manifestations included hypotonia (10/15), broad gait (5/12), seizures (7/17 - belonging to 6/9 families), MRI abnormalities (5/8). Variable behavioral abnormalities were observed (aggressive behavior, shy character, stereotypic movements etc). Abnormal OFC was a feature in several with microcephaly in 7 subjects from 4 families (measurements not available for all 17). Nonspecific facial features were reported in 10/17. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.7547 | CHD5 |
Zornitza Stark gene: CHD5 was added gene: CHD5 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: CHD5 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: CHD5 were set to 33944996 Phenotypes for gene: CHD5 were set to Intellectual disability; Epilepsy Review for gene: CHD5 was set to GREEN Added comment: 16 unrelated individuals reported with language deficits (81%), behavioral symptoms (69%), intellectual disability (64%), epilepsy (62%), and motor delay (56%). Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.7541 | FBXO31 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: FBXO31: Added comment: PMIDs 33675180; 32989326: three unrelated individuals with de novo missense variant, (p.Asp334Asn) and spastic-dystonic CP.; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed publications: 24623383, 33675180, 32989326; Changed phenotypes: Mental retardation, autosomal recessive 45, MIM#615979, Spastic-dystonic cerebral palsy, de novo dominant; Changed mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.7537 | ZNFX1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: ZNFX1 was added gene: ZNFX1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ZNFX1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: ZNFX1 were set to 33872655; 33876776 Phenotypes for gene: ZNFX1 were set to Multisystem inflammation; susceptibility to viral infections Review for gene: ZNFX1 was set to GREEN Added comment: 15 individuals from 8 families reported with multi-system inflammation and susceptibility to viral infections. In addition, four indviduals from two unrelated kindreds reported with intermittent monocytosis and mycobacterial disease, including bacillus Calmette-Guérin-osis and disseminated tuberculosis. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.7535 | STXBP3 |
Zornitza Stark gene: STXBP3 was added gene: STXBP3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: STXBP3 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: STXBP3 were set to 33891011 Phenotypes for gene: STXBP3 were set to Very Early Onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease; Bilateral Sensorineural Hearing Loss; Immune Dysregulation Review for gene: STXBP3 was set to GREEN Added comment: 10 individuals from 5 families reported. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.7509 | PTPN4 |
Bryony Thompson gene: PTPN4 was added gene: PTPN4 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: PTPN4 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: PTPN4 were set to 17953619; 25424712; 30238967; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xhgg.2021.100033 Phenotypes for gene: PTPN4 were set to Intellectual disability; developmental delay Review for gene: PTPN4 was set to GREEN Added comment: >3 unrelated probands and supporting mouse model PMID: 17953619 - knockout mouse model has impaired motor learning and cerebellar synaptic plasticity PMID: 25424712 - twins with a de novo whole gene deletion and a Rett-like neurodevelopmental disorder PMID: 30238967 - mosaic de novo variant (p.Leu72Ser) identified in a child with developmental delay, autistic features, hypotonia, increased immunoglobulin E and dental problems. Also supporting mouse assays demonstrating loss of protein expression in dendritic spines DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xhgg.2021.100033 - missense and truncating variants in six unrelated individuals with varying degrees of intellectual disability or developmental delay. 5 were able to undergo segregation analysis and found to be de novo. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.7491 | NEK1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: NEK1 were changed from to Short-rib thoracic dysplasia 6 with or without polydactyly, MIM# 263520; Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, susceptibility to, 24, MIM# 617892 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.7488 | NEK1 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: NEK1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 21211617, 22499340, 25492405, 28123176; Phenotypes: Short-rib thoracic dysplasia 6 with or without polydactyly, MIM# 263520, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, susceptibility to, 24, MIM# 617892; Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.7488 | NEK1 | Eleanor Williams reviewed gene: NEK1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 33445179; Phenotypes: {Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, susceptibility to, 24}, OMIM:617892; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.7485 | MED25 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Basel-Vanagaite-Smirin-Yosef syndrome is an autosomal recessive multiple congenital anomaly disorder characterized by severely delayed psychomotor development resulting in mental retardation, as well as variable eye, brain, cardiac, and palatal abnormalities. 7 individuals from 4 families reported initially, founder variant p.Tyr39Cys. Over 20 individuals reported since, including other variants.; to: Basel-Vanagaite-Smirin-Yosef syndrome is an autosomal recessive multiple congenital anomaly disorder characterized by severely delayed psychomotor development resulting in intellectual disability, as well as variable eye, brain, cardiac, and palatal abnormalities. 7 individuals from 4 families reported initially, founder variant p.Tyr39Cys. Over 20 individuals reported since, including other variants. |
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| Mendeliome v0.7471 | GJB1 | Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: GJB1 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.7470 | GJB1 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: GJB1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 8266101, 17100997, 17353473, 31842800; Phenotypes: Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy, X-linked dominant, 1, MIM# 302800, MONDO:0010549, reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.7464 | VPS41 |
Kristin Rigbye changed review comment from: "Five unrelated families with nine affected individuals, all carrying homozygous variants in VPS41 that we show impact protein function. All affected individuals presented with a progressive neurodevelopmental disorder consisting of cognitive impairment, cerebellar atrophy/hypoplasia, motor dysfunction with ataxia and dystonia, and nystagmus. Zebrafish disease modelling supports the involvement of VPS41 dysfunction in the disorder, indicating lysosomal dysregulation throughout the brain and providing support for cerebellar and microglial abnormalities when vps41 was mutated. This provides the first example of human disease linked to the HOPS-specific subunit VPS41 and suggests the importance of HOPS complex activity for cerebellar function."; to: "Five unrelated families with nine affected individuals, all carrying homozygous variants in VPS41 that we show impact protein function. All affected individuals presented with a progressive neurodevelopmental disorder consisting of cognitive impairment, cerebellar atrophy/hypoplasia, motor dysfunction with ataxia and dystonia, and nystagmus. Zebrafish disease modelling supports the involvement of VPS41 dysfunction in the disorder, indicating lysosomal dysregulation throughout the brain and providing support for cerebellar and microglial abnormalities when vps41 was mutated. This provides the first example of human disease linked to the HOPS-specific subunit VPS41 and suggests the importance of HOPS complex activity for cerebellar function." "Affected individuals were born after uneventful pregnancies and presented in most cases early in life with developmental delay. Various degrees of ataxia, hypotonia, and dystonia were present in all affected individuals, preventing independent ambulation. Likewise, nystagmus was commonly described. In addition, all affected individuals displayed intellectual disability and speech delay. Two siblings further presented with therapy-resistant epilepsy. No major dysmorphic features were found. In two individuals, retinal pigment alterations were noticed. Brain MRI revealed mild cerebellar atrophy and vermian atrophy without other major structural abnormalities in most affected individuals while in one case (Subject 9) bilateral hyperintensities at the nucleus caudatus area were noted. No hearing or vision problems were noted and in cases where nerve conduction studies were performed, these were normal. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) on peripheral blood lymphocytes from Subject 2 and lymphoblastoid cells from Subject 3 revealed more multilayered vesicles compared to control cells." |
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| Mendeliome v0.7464 | DPYSL5 |
Michelle Torres gene: DPYSL5 was added gene: DPYSL5 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: DPYSL5 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: DPYSL5 were set to 33894126 Phenotypes for gene: DPYSL5 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder with corpus callosum agenesis and cerebellar abnormalities Review for gene: DPYSL5 was set to GREEN Added comment: Nine individuals with brain malformations, including corpus callosum agenesis and/or posterior fossa abnormalities, associated with variable degrees of intellectual disability. The recurrent de novo p.Glu41Lys was found in eight unrelated patients, and a p.Gly47Arg variant was identified in one individual from the first family reported with Ritscher-Schinzel syndrome. Both impaired DPYSL5 function on dendritic outgrowth regulation by preventing the formation of the ternary complex with MAP2 and βIII-tubulin, ultimately leading to abnormal brain development Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.7441 | CARS2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: CARS2 were changed from to Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 27, MIM# 616672; MONDO:0014728 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.7438 | CARS2 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: CARS2: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 25361775, 25787132, 30139652; Phenotypes: Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 27, MIM# 616672, MONDO:0014728; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.7394 | CHST11 |
Zornitza Stark gene: CHST11 was added gene: CHST11 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: CHST11 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: CHST11 were set to 26436107; 29514872 Phenotypes for gene: CHST11 were set to Osteochondrodysplasia, brachydactyly, and overlapping malformed digits, MIM# 618167 Review for gene: CHST11 was set to AMBER Added comment: Osteochondrodysplasia, brachydactyly, and overlapping malformed digits (OCBMD) is characterized by bilateral symmetric skeletal defects that primarily affect the limbs. Affected individuals have mild short stature due to shortening of the lower leg bones, as well as hand and foot malformations, predominantly brachydactyly and overlapping digits. Other skeletal defects include scoliosis, dislocated patellae and fibulae, and pectus excavatum. Two unrelated families reported, note one had a homozygous deletion. One family had 10 affected individuals. Sources: Expert Review |
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| Mendeliome v0.7388 | EFEMP1 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: EFEMP1: Added comment: PMID 33807164: third unrelated family reported with CTD phenotype, single affected individual with bi-alllelic LoF variant, cutis laxa and multiple herniations.; Changed publications: 32006683, 31792352, 33807164 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.7374 | KCNJ6 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Keppen-Lubinsky syndrome characterised by severely delayed psychomotor development, hypertonia, hyperreflexia, generalized lipodystrophy giving an aged appearance, and distinctive dysmorphic features, including microcephaly, prominent eyes, narrow nasal bridge, and open mouth. Three unrelated individuals reported with de novo variants in this gene (one recurred in 2), mouse model.; to: Keppen-Lubinsky syndrome characterised by severely delayed psychomotor development, hypertonia, hyperreflexia, generalized lipodystrophy giving an aged appearance, and distinctive dysmorphic features, including microcephaly, prominent eyes, narrow nasal bridge, and open mouth. Four unrelated individuals reported with de novo variants in this gene (one recurred in 2), mouse model. One of the individuals did not have lipodystrophy but had a prominent hyperkinetic movement disorder. |
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| Mendeliome v0.7363 | LIG3 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Three unrelated families and functional data. Sources: Literature; to: Seven individuals from three unrelated families and functional data, variable ages of onset from early childhood to late adolescence. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.7362 | LIG3 |
Zornitza Stark gene: LIG3 was added gene: LIG3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: LIG3 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: LIG3 were set to 33855352 Phenotypes for gene: LIG3 were set to gut dysmotility; spasticity; ataxia; repetitive behaviours; neurogenic bladder; macular degeneration; leukoencephalopathy; cerebellar atrophy Review for gene: LIG3 was set to GREEN Added comment: Three unrelated families and functional data. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.7358 | JMJD1C |
Zornitza Stark gene: JMJD1C was added gene: JMJD1C was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: JMJD1C was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: JMJD1C were set to 26181491; 32996679 Phenotypes for gene: JMJD1C were set to Intellectual disability Review for gene: JMJD1C was set to GREEN Added comment: Reported in ID cohort (with Rett-like phenotypic overlap) with supporting functional studies (PMID: 26181491). 7 individuals with rare variants identified, and variants demonstrated to be de novo in 2, one with a Rett-like phenotype and the other with ID. Functional study of the JMJD1C mutant Rett syndrome patient demonstrated that the altered protein had abnormal subcellular localization, diminished activity to demethylate the DNA damage-response protein MDC1, and reduced binding to MECP2. JMJD1C protein shown to be widely expressed in brain regions and that its depletion compromised dendritic activity. Splice-disrupting JMJD1C variant reported in association with learning disability and myoclonic epilepsy (PMID 32996679). Disruption of gene due to balanced translocation (PMID 33591602) implicated in autism spectrum disease phenotype. Sources: Expert Review |
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| Mendeliome v0.7346 | GCGR |
Zornitza Stark gene: GCGR was added gene: GCGR was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: GCGR was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: GCGR were set to 19657311; 25695890; 27933176; 30032256; 30294546 Phenotypes for gene: GCGR were set to Mahvash disease, MIM# 619290 Review for gene: GCGR was set to GREEN Added comment: Mahvash disease (MVAH) is caused by inactivating mutations in the glucagon receptor, leading to alpha-cell hyperplasia of the pancreas, hyperglucagonaemia without glucagonoma syndrome, and occasional hypoglycaemia. The disease may lead to glucagonomas and/or primitive neuroectodermal tumours. More than 5 unrelated families reported. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.7343 | ABCB6 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ABCB6 were changed from to Pseudohyperkalemia, familial, 2, due to red cell leak, MIM# 609153; Microphthalmia, isolated, with coloboma 7, MIM# 614497; Dyschromatosis universalis hereditaria 3, MIM# 615402 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.7340 | ABCB6 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: ABCB6: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 23180570; Phenotypes: Pseudohyperkalemia, familial, 2, due to red cell leak, MIM# 609153, Microphthalmia, isolated, with coloboma 7, MIM# 614497, Dyschromatosis universalis hereditaria 3, MIM# 615402; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.7339 | PRDM15 |
Zornitza Stark gene: PRDM15 was added gene: PRDM15 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: PRDM15 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: PRDM15 were set to 31950080 Phenotypes for gene: PRDM15 were set to Steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome; Holoprosencephaly Review for gene: PRDM15 was set to AMBER Added comment: Four consanguineous families reported with same homozygous variant, C844Y, shown to be LoF. Syndromic SRNS including HPE, brain malformations, polydactyly, congenital heart disease. Mouse model, extensive functional data focused on the brain phenotype. Two additional homozygous missense identified with isolated SRNS. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.7250 | NDUFB11 | Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: NDUFB11 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.7249 | NDUFB11 | Kristin Rigbye reviewed gene: NDUFB11: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 28050600, 27488349, 30423443, 27488349; Phenotypes: Linear skin defects with multiple congenital anomalies 3, XLD (MIM#300952), Mitochondrial complex I deficiency, nuclear type 30, XLR (MIM#301021); Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.7231 | GP1BA | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: GP1BA were changed from to Bernard-Soulier syndrome, type A1 (recessive), (MIM#231200), AR (AR BSS); von Willebrand disease, platelet-type, (MIM#177820), AD (VWD); MONDO:0008332; Bernard-Soulier syndrome, type A2 (dominant), (MIM#153670) (AD BSS); MONDO:0007930 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.7229 | GP1BA | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: GP1BA: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Bernard-Soulier syndrome, type A1 (recessive), (MIM#231200), AR (AR BSS), von Willebrand disease, platelet-type, (MIM#177820), AD (VWD), MONDO:0008332, Bernard-Soulier syndrome, type A2 (dominant), (MIM#153670) (AD BSS), MONDO:0007930; Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.7229 | GP1BA | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: GP1BA: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 24934643; Phenotypes: Bernard-Soulier syndrome, type A1 (recessive), (MIM#231200), AR (AR BSS), von Willebrand disease, platelet-type, (MIM#177820), AD (VWD), Bernard-Soulier syndrome, type A2 (dominant), (MIM#153670) (AD BSS); Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.7220 | SDHA | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: SDHA were changed from to Mitochondrial complex II deficiency, nuclear type 1, MIM# 252011; Cardiomyopathy, dilated, 1GG, MIM# 613642; Neurodegeneration with ataxia and late-onset optic atrophy, MIM# 619259; Paragangliomas 5 , MIM#614165 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.7217 | SDHA | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: SDHA: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 10976639, 27683074, 7550341, 22972948, 20551992, 21752896; Phenotypes: Mitochondrial complex II deficiency, nuclear type 1, MIM# 252011, Cardiomyopathy, dilated, 1GG, MIM# 613642, Neurodegeneration with ataxia and late-onset optic atrophy, MIM# 619259, Paragangliomas 5 , MIM#614165; Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.7217 | SLC19A1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: SLC19A1 was added gene: SLC19A1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC19A1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SLC19A1 were set to 32276275 Phenotypes for gene: SLC19A1 were set to Megaloblastic anemia, folate-responsive, MIM# 601775 Review for gene: SLC19A1 was set to RED Added comment: Single individual reported with in-frame deletion, some functional data. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.7212 | ERCC1 | Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Three unrelated families reported, variable severity reported from a Cockayne phenotype with congenital onset and early mortality, through to adolescent presentation with short stature, photosensitivity and progressive liver and renal dysfunction.; to: More than three unrelated families reported, variable severity reported from a Cockayne phenotype with congenital onset and early mortality, through to adolescent presentation with short stature, photosensitivity and progressive liver and renal dysfunction. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.7212 | NDUFA8 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: NDUFA8 were changed from NDUFA8-related mitochondrial disease; Developmental delay; microcehaly; seizures to Mitochondrial complex I deficiency, nuclear type 37, MIM# 619272; Developmental delay; microcehaly; seizures | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.7201 | GREB1L | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: GREB1L: Added comment: DFNA80 is characterized by nonsyndromic congenital deafness associated with absent or malformed cochleae and eighth cranial nerves. Four unrelated families reported, no comment on a renal phenotype. Note variants in this gene are also associated with renal agenesis.; Changed publications: 29100091, 29955957, 32585897; Changed phenotypes: Renal hypodysplasia/aplasia 3, OMIM# 617805, Deafness, autosomal dominant 80, MIM# 619274 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.7199 | ITGB3 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ITGB3 were changed from to Bleeding disorder, platelet-type, 24, MIM#619271; MONDO:0008552 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.7196 | ITGB3 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: ITGB3: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 18065693, 19336737, 20081061, 23253071; Phenotypes: Bleeding disorder, platelet-type, 24, MIM#619271, MONDO:0008552; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.7192 | ADCY6 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Laquerriere et al. (2014): 2 sibs from a consanguineous family with an axoglial form of lethal congenital contracture syndrome, and homozygous missense ADCY6 mutation (R1116C). The parents were heterozygous for the mutation. Knocked down ADCY6 orthologs in zebrafish showed a loss of myelin basic protein expression in the peripheral nervous system but no defects in Schwann cell migration and axonal growth. Gonzaga‐Jauregui et al. (2015): 1 patient with congenital hypotonia, distal joint contractures, hypomyelinating neuropathy, and vocal cord paralysis, and a homozygous missense ADCY6 variant. No functional studies. Deceased sister with a similar phenotype with hypotonia, areflexia, and hypomyelinating neuropathy who died at 18 months of respiratory insufficiency. Agolini et al. (2020): 1 patient with severe form of AMC, with two novel compound heterozygous variants in ADCY6 (parents confirmed carriers), but no functional studies. Sources: Literature; to: - PMID: 33820833 (2021) - Further 2 sibs reported with a homozygous c.3346C>T:p.Arg1116Cys variant in the ADCY6 gene. The family was identified from a cohort of 315 genetically undiagnosed and unrelated AMC families. Arthrogryposis and IUGR were detected prenatally. Laquerriere et al. (2014): 2 sibs from a consanguineous family with an axoglial form of lethal congenital contracture syndrome, and homozygous missense ADCY6 mutation (R1116C). The parents were heterozygous for the mutation. Knocked down ADCY6 orthologs in zebrafish showed a loss of myelin basic protein expression in the peripheral nervous system but no defects in Schwann cell migration and axonal growth. Gonzaga‐Jauregui et al. (2015): 1 patient with congenital hypotonia, distal joint contractures, hypomyelinating neuropathy, and vocal cord paralysis, and a homozygous missense ADCY6 variant. No functional studies. Deceased sister with a similar phenotype with hypotonia, areflexia, and hypomyelinating neuropathy who died at 18 months of respiratory insufficiency. Agolini et al. (2020): 1 patient with severe form of AMC, with two novel compound heterozygous variants in ADCY6 (parents confirmed carriers), but no functional studies. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.7191 | UNC50 |
Arina Puzriakova gene: UNC50 was added gene: UNC50 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: UNC50 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: UNC50 were set to 29016857; 33820833 Phenotypes for gene: UNC50 were set to Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita Review for gene: UNC50 was set to AMBER Added comment: UNC50 is currently not associated with any phenotype in OMIM (last edited on 02/01/2018) or Gene2Phenotype. - PMID: 29016857 (2017) - Homozygosity mapping of disease loci combined with WES in a single male from a consanguineous family presenting with lethal AMC revealed a homozygous frameshift deletion in UNC50 gene (c.750_751del:p.Cys251Phefs*4). Functional studies in C. elegans showed the variant caused loss of acetylcholine receptor expression in the muscle. - PMID: 33820833 (2021) - Single individual reported with the same homozygous c.750_751del:p.Cys251Phefs*4 variant in UNC50 as previously described. The case was identified from a cohort of 315 genetically undiagnosed and unrelated AMC families. Arthrogryposis and tetra ventricular dilation were detected prenatally. -- Note: it isn't definitively clear whether these are different individuals. Both are singleton males born to consanguineous parents, with the same variant and similar phenotype. Also both infants died at 28 w.g. However, the 2021 paper (PMID:33820833) states their patient was selected from a cohort of cases without a molecular diagnosis and indicate the UNC50 gene had already previously been identified in relation to this phenotype, highlighting the earlier paper (PMID:29016857). There is also no mention of tetra ventricular dilation in the first case, so it is likely that these do represent distinct individuals. Additional cases needed to provide clarity. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.7191 | PLCH1 |
Arina Puzriakova gene: PLCH1 was added gene: PLCH1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: PLCH1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: PLCH1 were set to 33820834 Phenotypes for gene: PLCH1 were set to Holoprosencephaly spectrum; Severe developmental delay; Brain malformations Review for gene: PLCH1 was set to AMBER Added comment: PLCH1 is currently not associated with any phenotype in OMIM (last edited on 16/06/2009) or Gene2Phenotype. - PMID: 33820834 (2021) - Two sibling pairs from two unrelated families with a holoprosencephaly spectrum phenotype and different homozygous PLCH1 variants (c.2065C>T, p.Arg689* and c.4235delA, p.Cys1079ValfsTer16, respectively). One family presented with congenital hydrocephalus, epilepsy, significant developmental delay and a monoventricle or fused thalami; while sibs from the second family had alobar holoprosencephaly and cyclopia. 3/4 individuals also displayed a cleft palate and congenital heart disease. Human embryo immunohistochemistry showed PLCH1 to be expressed in the notorcord, developing spinal cord (in a ventral to dorsal gradient), dorsal root ganglia, cerebellum and dermatomyosome. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.7187 | PDIA6 |
Zornitza Stark gene: PDIA6 was added gene: PDIA6 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: PDIA6 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: PDIA6 were set to Asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy (ATD) syndrome and infantile‐onset diabetes Review for gene: PDIA6 was set to AMBER Added comment: Amber in view of the good quality functional data. 1 case with asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy (ATD) syndrome and infantile‐onset diabetes. Whole exome sequencing revealed a homozygous frameshift variant in the PDIA6 gene. RNA expression was reduced in a gene dosage‐dependent manner, supporting a loss‐of‐function effect of this variant. Phenotypic correlation with the previously reported mouse model recapitulated the growth defect and delay, early lethality, coagulation, diabetes, immunological, and polycystic kidney disease phenotypes. The phenotype of the current patient is consistent with phenotypes associated with the disruption of PDIA6 and the sensors of UPR in mice and humans. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.7182 | UBE4A |
Zornitza Stark gene: UBE4A was added gene: UBE4A was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: UBE4A was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: UBE4A were set to 33420346 Phenotypes for gene: UBE4A were set to Intellectual disability and global developmental delay Review for gene: UBE4A was set to GREEN Added comment: 8 individuals, from 4 unrelated families, with syndromic intellectual disability and global developmental delay (other clinical features included hypotonia, short stature, seizures, and behaviour disorder. Exome sequencing identified biallelic loss-of-function variants in UBE4A in the 4 families, with variants segregating with disease and parents carriers. They demonstrated that UBE4A loss-of-function variants reduced RNA expression and protein levels in clinical samples. Mice generated to mimic patient-specific Ube4a loss-of-function variant exhibited muscular and neurological/behavioural abnormalities, some of which are suggestive of the clinical abnormalities seen in the affected individuals. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.7180 | MAPKAPK5 |
Zornitza Stark gene: MAPKAPK5 was added gene: MAPKAPK5 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: MAPKAPK5 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: MAPKAPK5 were set to 3344202 Phenotypes for gene: MAPKAPK5 were set to Developmental delay, variable brain anomalies, congenital heart defects, dysmorphic Review for gene: MAPKAPK5 was set to GREEN Added comment: 3 individuals from 2 families with severe developmental delay, variable brain anomalies, congenital heart defects, dysmorphic facial features, and a distinctive type of synpolydactyly with an additional hypoplastic digit between the fourth and fifth digits of hands and/or feet. Exome sequencing identified different homozygous truncating variants in MAPKAPK5 in both families, segregating with disease and unaffected parents as carriers. Patient-derived cells showed no expression of MAPKAPK5 protein isoforms and reduced levels of the MAPKAPK5-interacting protein ERK3. F-actin recovery after latrunculin B treatment was found to be less efficient in patient-derived fibroblasts than in control cells, supporting a role of MAPKAPK5 in F-actin polymerization. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.7179 | FAR1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: FAR1 were changed from Peroxisomal fatty acyl-CoA reductase 1 disorder, MIM#616154 to Peroxisomal fatty acyl-CoA reductase 1 disorder, MIM#616154; spastic paraparesis and bilateral cataracts | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.7175 | FAR1 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: FAR1: Added comment: PMID33239752: 12 patients with paediatric onset spastic paraparesis and bilateral congenital/juvenile cataracts. Most also had speech and gross motor developmental delay and truncal hypotonia. Exome sequencing identified de novo variants affecting the Arg480 residue in FAR1 (p.Arg480Cys/His/Leu). Further functional studies in fibroblasts showed that these variants cause a disruption of the plasmalogen-dependent feedback regulation of FAR1 protein levels leading to uncontrolled ether lipid production.; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed publications: 25439727, 33239752; Changed phenotypes: Peroxisomal fatty acyl-CoA reductase 1 disorder, MIM#616154, spastic paraparesis and bilateral cataracts; Changed mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.7135 | LAMP2 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: XLD. Vacuolar cardiomyopathy and myopathy. Gene encodes lysosome-associated membrane protein-2.; to: XLD. Gene encodes lysosome-associated membrane protein-2. Danon disease is an X-linked dominant disorder predominantly affecting cardiac muscle. Skeletal muscle involvement and mental retardation are variable features. The accumulation of glycogen in muscle and lysosomes originally led to the classification of Danon disease as a variant of glycogen storage disease II (Pompe disease) with 'normal acid maltase' or alpha-glucosidase, however, it may be more accurately classified as a lysosomal disorder. |
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| Mendeliome v0.7134 | LAMP2 | Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: LAMP2 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.7133 | LAMP2 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: LAMP2: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Danon disease, MIM# 300257, MONDO:0010281; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.7121 | TSPOAP1 |
Ain Roesley gene: TSPOAP1 was added gene: TSPOAP1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: TSPOAP1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: TSPOAP1 were set to 33539324 Phenotypes for gene: TSPOAP1 were set to Dystonia, intellectual disability and cerebellar atrophy Penetrance for gene: TSPOAP1 were set to unknown Review for gene: TSPOAP1 was set to GREEN Added comment: 7 affecteds from 3 families (1 consanguineous) 2x null, 1x missense Affecteds with the null variants presented with juvenile-onset progressive generalized dystonia, associated with intellectual disability and cerebellar atrophy while those with the missense p.(Gly1808Ser) presented with isolated adult-onset focal dystonia (mild cognitive impairment noted) mice KO models were investigated Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.7121 | CLDN11 |
Melanie Marty gene: CLDN11 was added gene: CLDN11 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: CLDN11 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: CLDN11 were set to 33313762 Phenotypes for gene: CLDN11 were set to Hypomyelinating leukodystrophy Review for gene: CLDN11 was set to GREEN Added comment: In three unrelated individuals with early-onset spastic movement disorder, expressive speech disorder and eye abnormalities including hypermetropia, 2 different heterozygous de novo stop-loss variants were identified. One of the variants did not lead to a loss of CLDN11 expression on RNA level in fibroblasts indicating this transcript is not subject to nonsense-mediated decay and most likely translated into an extended protein. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.7121 | SYK |
Paul De Fazio gene: SYK was added gene: SYK was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SYK was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Publications for gene: SYK were set to 33782605 Phenotypes for gene: SYK were set to Immune dysregulation and systemic inflammation Mode of pathogenicity for gene: SYK was set to Other Review for gene: SYK was set to GREEN gene: SYK was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: 5 unrelated patients with monoallelic missense variants in SYK with immune deficiency, multi-organ inflammatory disease such as colitis, arthritis and dermatitis, and diffuse large B cell lymphomas. 2 patients were confirmed de novo, others were undetermined. Variants exhibited a GoF effect in functional studies. A knock-in mouse model of a patient variant recapitulated aspects of the human disease. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.7113 | MESP1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: MESP1 was added gene: MESP1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: MESP1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: MESP1 were set to 28677747; 28050627; 27185833; 26694203 Phenotypes for gene: MESP1 were set to Congenital heart disease Review for gene: MESP1 was set to AMBER Added comment: Rare/novel variants reported in at least 7 unrelated individuals with congenital heart disease, in-silicos conflicting, familial segregation only available for some (one de novo, three inherited, others unresolved). Functional data implicates gene in cardiac development. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.7084 | FBN2 |
Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: FBN2: Added comment: The association between mono-allelic variants in FBN2 and CCA is well established. Recent report of bi-allelic variants, Kloth (2021): biallelic FBN2 variants (PTC/missense) in a teenager with severe CCA, including cardiac defects, mild scoliosis and muscular involvement. Carrier parents both "healthy/unaffected". Phenotype matches mouse K/O. Authors performed a lit review and identified an additional 2 homozygous patients (both missense variants) with - fetal akinesia, brain ischemia and neonatal death - severe muscle weakness with bilateral clubfeet, a pronounced gait disturbance, recurrent patellar dislocations, flexion contractures, camptodactyly, widespread striae and an unusual myofibrillar disorganization, variation in fiber size and atrophic fibers in muscle biopsy. Evidence for association with Macular degeneration, early-onset MIM#616118 is limited. One family reported, plus some rare variants reported in cohort studies. The familial variant p.Glu1144Lys is present in 11 hets in gnomad and has benign in silicos. The second variant reported in the paper, p.Met1247Thr is present in >20 hets.; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed publications: 33571691; Changed phenotypes: Contractural arachnodactyly, congenital MIM#121050, Macular degeneration, early-onset MIM#616118; Changed mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal |
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| Mendeliome v0.7075 | CELA3B |
Bryony Thompson gene: CELA3B was added gene: CELA3B was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: CELA3B was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: CELA3B were set to 31369399; 33565216 Phenotypes for gene: CELA3B were set to Chronic pancreatitis Mode of pathogenicity for gene: CELA3B was set to Other Review for gene: CELA3B was set to AMBER Added comment: PMID: 33565216 - p.Arg90Cys (c.268C>T) identified in a chronic pancreatitis (also diabetes and pancreatic adenocarcinoma present in some individuals) pedigree. Variant was present in 2 affected individuals and not present in 7 healthy relatives. Also, supporting in vitro functional assays demonstrating gain of function mechanism for R90C and R90L, and supporting mouse model. PMID: 31369399 - p.Arg90Leu (c.269G>T) identified in 4 French chronic pancreatitis cases and 0 controls. However, there are 229 hets in gnomAD v2.1 with this variant. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.7056 | CCDC88C |
Paul De Fazio changed review comment from: Heterozygous missense variant (gnomad: 1 het) reported in a 48-year-old Sudanese female presented with pure early onset hereditary spastic paraplegia. In contrast to previous reports, she developed neurological symptoms in early childhood and showed neither features of cerebellar ataxia, extrapyramidal signs, nor evidence of intellectual involvement. Functional studies showed the varaint induced JNK hyper-phosphorylation and enhanced apoptosis. 4 unaffected family members did not have the variant. This phenotype appears to be sufficiently dissimilar to the 2 previously reported SCA families to not constitute a 3rd supporting report in that context.; to: Heterozygous missense variant (gnomad: 1 het) reported in a 48-year-old Sudanese female presented with pure early onset hereditary spastic paraplegia. In contrast to previous reports, she developed neurological symptoms in early childhood and showed neither features of cerebellar ataxia, extrapyramidal signs, nor evidence of intellectual involvement. Functional studies showed the varaint induced JNK hyper-phosphorylation and enhanced apoptosis. 4 unaffected family members did not have the variant. NB: Rated Amber as this phenotype appears to be sufficiently dissimilar to the 2 previously reported SCA families to not constitute a 3rd supporting report in that context. Gene remains Green for the AR ID phenotype. |
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| Mendeliome v0.7029 | ATCAY | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: ATCAY: Added comment: Report of a variant c.599_605del, p.Pro200Profs*20 (PMID 29449188), which is in addition to the previously reported linked variants in the Cayman population (c.965+3G > T & p.S301R)(PMID 29449188). Mouse and zebra fish models share phenotypic features with humans with Ataxia, cerebellar, Cayman type (OMIM:601238)(PMID 14556008; 26343454).; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed publications: 14556008, 29449188, 23226316, 26343454; Changed phenotypes: Ataxia, cerebellar, Cayman type, MIM# 601238, MONDO:0011025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.7027 | ARAP3 |
Zornitza Stark gene: ARAP3 was added gene: ARAP3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ARAP3 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: ARAP3 were set to 32908855 Phenotypes for gene: ARAP3 were set to Lymphoedema Review for gene: ARAP3 was set to AMBER Added comment: Three unrelated families reported with rare missense variants in this gene as part of a lymphoedema cohort. However, incomplete information regarding segregation and no supporting functional data. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.7005 | PORCN | Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PORCN was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.7004 | PORCN | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: PORCN: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Focal dermal hypoplasia, MIM# 305600; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.7004 | PRIM1 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: - PMID: 33060134 (2020) - From a cohort of 220 families with microcephalic dwarfism spectrum disorders (OFC ≤−4 SD; height ≤−2 SD), three families (4 individuals) were identified with the same homozygous intronic variant (c.638+36C>G) in PRIM1. This variant was present in gnomAD in 2 individuals across all populations, but only in a heterozygous state. Haplotype analysis indicated that all three families share a distant common ancestor - i.e. confirmed founder variant. Authors subsequently identified a single individual with compound heterozygous PRIM1 variants (c.103+1G>T, c.901T>C) from the DDD study, who also presented microcephaly and short stature (OFC ≤−3 SD; height ≤−3 SD). Clinical overlap was evident in all 5 individuals, presenting extreme pre- and postnatal growth restriction, severe microcephaly (OFC −6.0 ± 1.5 SD) with simplified gyri appearance, hypothyroidism, hypo/agammaglobulinaemia, and lymphopaenia accompanied by intermittent anaemia/thrombocytopaenia. All had chronic respiratory symptoms, and four died in early childhood from respiratory or GI infections. Functional studies demonstrated reduced PRIM1 protein levels, replication fork defects and prolonged S-phase duration in PRIM1-deficient cells. The resulting delay to the cell cycle and inability to sustain sufficient cell proliferation provides a likely mechanism for the presenting phenotype. Sources: Literature; to: - PMID: 33060134 (2020) - From a cohort of 220 families with microcephalic dwarfism spectrum disorders (OFC ≤−4 SD; height ≤−2 SD), three families (4 individuals) were identified with the same homozygous intronic variant (c.638+36C>G) in PRIM1. This variant was present in gnomAD in 2 individuals across all populations, but only in a heterozygous state. Haplotype analysis indicated that all three families share a distant common ancestor - i.e. confirmed founder variant. Authors subsequently identified a single individual with compound heterozygous PRIM1 variants (c.103+1G>T, c.901T>C) from the DDD study, who also presented microcephaly and short stature (OFC ≤−3 SD; height ≤−3 SD). Clinical overlap was evident in all 5 individuals, presenting extreme pre- and postnatal growth restriction, severe microcephaly (OFC −6.0 ± 1.5 SD) with simplified gyri appearance, hypothyroidism, hypo/agammaglobulinaemia, and lymphopaenia accompanied by intermittent anaemia/thrombocytopaenia. All had chronic respiratory symptoms, and four died in early childhood from respiratory or GI infections. Functional studies demonstrated reduced PRIM1 protein levels, replication fork defects and prolonged S-phase duration in PRIM1-deficient cells. The resulting delay to the cell cycle and inability to sustain sufficient cell proliferation provides a likely mechanism for the presenting phenotype. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.7003 | PRIM1 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: - PMID: 33060134 (2020) - From a cohort of 220 families with microcephalic dwarfism spectrum disorders (OFC ≤−4 SD; height ≤−2 SD), three families (4 individuals) were identified with the same homozygous intronic variant (c.638+36C>G) in PRIM1. This variant was present in gnomAD in 2 individuals across all populations, but only in a heterozygous state. Haplotype analysis indicated that all three families share a distant common ancestor - i.e. confirmed founder variant. Authors subsequently identified a single individual with compound heterozygous PRIM1 variants (c.103+1G>T, c.901T>C) from the DDD study, who also presented microcephaly and short stature (OFC ≤−3 SD; height ≤−3 SD). Clinical overlap was evident in all 5 individuals, presenting extreme pre- and postnatal growth restriction, severe microcephaly (OFC −6.0 ± 1.5 SD) with simplified gyri appearance, hypothyroidism, hypo/agammaglobulinemia, and lymphopenia accompanied by intermittent anaemia/thrombocytopaenia. All had chronic respiratory symptoms, and four died in early childhood from respiratory or GI infections. Functional studies demonstrated reduced PRIM1 protein levels, replication fork defects and prolonged S-phase duration in PRIM1-deficient cells. The resulting delay to the cell cycle and inability to sustain sufficient cell proliferation provides a likely mechanism for the presenting phenotype. Sources: Literature; to: - PMID: 33060134 (2020) - From a cohort of 220 families with microcephalic dwarfism spectrum disorders (OFC ≤−4 SD; height ≤−2 SD), three families (4 individuals) were identified with the same homozygous intronic variant (c.638+36C>G) in PRIM1. This variant was present in gnomAD in 2 individuals across all populations, but only in a heterozygous state. Haplotype analysis indicated that all three families share a distant common ancestor - i.e. confirmed founder variant. Authors subsequently identified a single individual with compound heterozygous PRIM1 variants (c.103+1G>T, c.901T>C) from the DDD study, who also presented microcephaly and short stature (OFC ≤−3 SD; height ≤−3 SD). Clinical overlap was evident in all 5 individuals, presenting extreme pre- and postnatal growth restriction, severe microcephaly (OFC −6.0 ± 1.5 SD) with simplified gyri appearance, hypothyroidism, hypo/agammaglobulinaemia, and lymphopaenia accompanied by intermittent anaemia/thrombocytopaenia. All had chronic respiratory symptoms, and four died in early childhood from respiratory or GI infections. Functional studies demonstrated reduced PRIM1 protein levels, replication fork defects and prolonged S-phase duration in PRIM1-deficient cells. The resulting delay to the cell cycle and inability to sustain sufficient cell proliferation provides a likely mechanism for the presenting phenotype. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.7003 | PRIM1 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: - PMID: 33060134 (2020) - From a cohort of 220 families with microcephalic dwarfism spectrum disorders (OFC ≤−4 SD; height ≤−2 SD), three families (4 individuals) were identified with the same homozygous intronic variant (c.638+36C>G) in PRIM1. This variant was present in gnomAD in 2 individuals across all populations, but only in a heterozygous state. Haplotype analysis indicated that all three families share a distant common ancestor - i.e. confirmed founder variant. Authors subsequently identified a single individual with compound heterozygous PRIM1 variants (c.103+1G>T, c.901T>C) from the DDD study, who also presented microcephaly and short stature (OFC ≤−3 SD; height ≤−3 SD). Clinical overlap was evident in all 5 individuals, presenting extreme pre- and postnatal growth restriction, severe microcephaly (OFC −6.0 ± 1.5 SD) with simplified gyri appearance, hypothyroidism, hypo/agammaglobulinemia, and lymphopenia accompanied by intermittent anaemia/thrombocytopenia. All had chronic respiratory symptoms, and four died in early childhood from respiratory or GI infections. Functional studies demonstrated reduced PRIM1 protein levels, replication fork defects and prolonged S-phase duration in PRIM1-deficient cells. The resulting delay to the cell cycle and inability to sustain sufficient cell proliferation provides a likely mechanism for the presenting phenotype. Sources: Literature; to: - PMID: 33060134 (2020) - From a cohort of 220 families with microcephalic dwarfism spectrum disorders (OFC ≤−4 SD; height ≤−2 SD), three families (4 individuals) were identified with the same homozygous intronic variant (c.638+36C>G) in PRIM1. This variant was present in gnomAD in 2 individuals across all populations, but only in a heterozygous state. Haplotype analysis indicated that all three families share a distant common ancestor - i.e. confirmed founder variant. Authors subsequently identified a single individual with compound heterozygous PRIM1 variants (c.103+1G>T, c.901T>C) from the DDD study, who also presented microcephaly and short stature (OFC ≤−3 SD; height ≤−3 SD). Clinical overlap was evident in all 5 individuals, presenting extreme pre- and postnatal growth restriction, severe microcephaly (OFC −6.0 ± 1.5 SD) with simplified gyri appearance, hypothyroidism, hypo/agammaglobulinemia, and lymphopenia accompanied by intermittent anaemia/thrombocytopaenia. All had chronic respiratory symptoms, and four died in early childhood from respiratory or GI infections. Functional studies demonstrated reduced PRIM1 protein levels, replication fork defects and prolonged S-phase duration in PRIM1-deficient cells. The resulting delay to the cell cycle and inability to sustain sufficient cell proliferation provides a likely mechanism for the presenting phenotype. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.7003 | PRIM1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: PRIM1 was added gene: PRIM1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: PRIM1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: PRIM1 were set to 33060134 Phenotypes for gene: PRIM1 were set to Microcephalic primordial dwarfism, MONDO:0017950 Review for gene: PRIM1 was set to AMBER Added comment: - PMID: 33060134 (2020) - From a cohort of 220 families with microcephalic dwarfism spectrum disorders (OFC ≤−4 SD; height ≤−2 SD), three families (4 individuals) were identified with the same homozygous intronic variant (c.638+36C>G) in PRIM1. This variant was present in gnomAD in 2 individuals across all populations, but only in a heterozygous state. Haplotype analysis indicated that all three families share a distant common ancestor - i.e. confirmed founder variant. Authors subsequently identified a single individual with compound heterozygous PRIM1 variants (c.103+1G>T, c.901T>C) from the DDD study, who also presented microcephaly and short stature (OFC ≤−3 SD; height ≤−3 SD). Clinical overlap was evident in all 5 individuals, presenting extreme pre- and postnatal growth restriction, severe microcephaly (OFC −6.0 ± 1.5 SD) with simplified gyri appearance, hypothyroidism, hypo/agammaglobulinemia, and lymphopenia accompanied by intermittent anaemia/thrombocytopenia. All had chronic respiratory symptoms, and four died in early childhood from respiratory or GI infections. Functional studies demonstrated reduced PRIM1 protein levels, replication fork defects and prolonged S-phase duration in PRIM1-deficient cells. The resulting delay to the cell cycle and inability to sustain sufficient cell proliferation provides a likely mechanism for the presenting phenotype. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.6921 | TMEM231 | Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Two families described with the Joubert phenotype, severely affected, not ambulant.; to: More than 3 unrelated families reported with each phenotype, functional data. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.6915 | TMEM138 | Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Ataxia not specifically reported in association with this gene.; to: At least 5 unrelated families reported. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.6908 | SMCHD1 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: SMCHD1: Added comment: Bosma arhinia microphthalmia syndrome (BAMS) is characterized by severe hypoplasia of the nose and eyes, palatal abnormalities, deficient taste and smell, inguinal hernias, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism with cryptorchidism, and normal intelligence. Choanal atresia is a feature. More than 30 unrelated individuals reported. Caused by gain of function missense variants with the extended ATPase domain.; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed mode of pathogenicity: Other; Changed publications: 28067909; Changed phenotypes: Bosma arhinia microphthalmia syndrome, MIM# 603457, Arhinia, choanal atresia, microphthalmia MONDO:0011323; Changed mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.6901 | SPINT2 | Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: More than 15 unrelated families reported.; to: Well established gene-disease association. PMID 30445423 reviews 34 patients from 26 families: 13 different variants in SPINT2 were seen, including 3 premature termination codons, 2 start codon removals, and 3 canonical splice site variants, supporting loss of function as the pathogenic mechanism. The most commonly observed variant was Y163C, observed in 40 (59%) of 68 disease alleles. Seven unrelated patients with the Y163C mutation had a shared haplotype, suggesting that it is a founder mutation. Choanal atresia (20/34) and keratitis of infantile onset (26/34) were the most common findings. All patients presented with intractable diarrhoea, with onset typically in the first 2 weeks of life. Episodes of intestinal pseudoobstruction sometimes preceded the onset of diarrhoea. Characteristic epithelial tufts on intestinal histology were seen in 13 of the 34 patients. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.6893 | IPO8 |
Zornitza Stark gene: IPO8 was added gene: IPO8 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: IPO8 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: IPO8 were set to Loeys-Dietz syndrome-like; cardiovascular, neurologic, skeletal and immunologic abnormalities Review for gene: IPO8 was set to AMBER Added comment: 12 individuals from 9 unrelated families in a cohort submitted for publication with bi-allelic IPO8 variants. Variants were nonsense/splice and some missense. Patients displayed a phenotype reminiscent of Loeys Dietz syndrome that variably combined cardiovascular, neurologic, skeletal and immunologic abnormalities along with dysmorphic features. Western blot on patient cells (4 individuals) showed reduced IPO8 expression. Disruption of IPO8 homologue in zebrafish associated with cardiac anomalies. Transcriptome analysis in zebrafish showed that IPO8-deficient zebrafish had abnormal TGFbeta pathway expression. Sources: Expert Review |
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| Mendeliome v0.6888 | POLR3A | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: POLR3A were changed from Leukodystrophy, hypomyelinating, 7, with or without oligodontia and/or hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, MIM# 607694; Wiedemann-Rautenstrauch syndrome, MIM# 264090; Susceptibility to severe VZV infection to Leukodystrophy, hypomyelinating, 7, with or without oligodontia and/or hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, MIM# 607694; Wiedemann-Rautenstrauch syndrome, MIM# 264090; Susceptibility to severe VZV infection; POLR3A-related spastic ataxia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.6878 | FLII |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Two unrelated families reported with homozygous missense variants. Emerging evidence. Sources: Literature; to: Two unrelated families reported with homozygous missense variants. Emerging evidence: aware of two more families. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.6876 | POLR3A |
Elena Savva commented on gene: POLR3A: c.1909+22G>A is a recurring variant that results in a leaky splice site Bi-allelic variants associated with Leukodystrophy and with Wiedemann-Rautenstrauch syndrome; note association between mono-allelic variants and susceptibility to severe VZV infection. Deep intronic variants commonly pathogenic No clear gen-phen correlation |
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| Mendeliome v0.6876 | POLR3A | Elena Savva reviewed gene: POLR3A: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID: 31637490; Phenotypes: Leukodystrophy, hypomyelinating, 7, with or without oligodontia and/or hypogonadotropic hypogonadism MIM#607694, Wiedemann-Rautenstrauch syndrome MIM#264090, POLR3A-related spastic ataxia; Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic (but BIALLELIC mutations cause a more SEVERE disease form), autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.6876 | FLII | Elena Savva reviewed gene: FLII: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID: 32870709, 11971982, 32980309; Phenotypes: Dilated cardiomyopathy; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.6868 | MED12 | Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MED12 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.6863 | MED12 | Elena Savva reviewed gene: MED12: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID: 33244166, 32174975, 30006928, 27312080; Phenotypes: Ohdo syndrome, X-linked MIM#300895, Lujan-Fryns syndrome MIM#309520, Opitz-Kaveggia syndrome MIM#305450; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.6860 | SLC35A2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: SLC35A2 were changed from to Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type IIm (MIM #300896) 30817854; Mild malformation of cortical development with oligodendroglial hyperplasia in epilepsy (MOGHE) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.6858 | SLC35A2 | Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC35A2 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.6857 | SLC35A2 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: SLC35A2: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 23561849, 24115232, 27743886, 25778940, 33407896; Phenotypes: Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type IIm (MIM #300896) 30817854, Mild malformation of cortical development with oligodendroglial hyperplasia in epilepsy (MOGHE); Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.6848 | CHRDL1 | Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CHRDL1 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.6847 | CHRDL1 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: CHRDL1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 25093588; Phenotypes: Megalocornea OMIM# 309300; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.6843 | DM2 |
Bryony Thompson STR: DM2 was added STR: DM2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for STR: DM2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for STR: DM2 were set to 20301639; 29325606 Phenotypes for STR: DM2 were set to Myotonic dystrophy 2 MIM#602668 Review for STR: DM2 was set to GREEN STR: DM2 was marked as clinically relevant Added comment: HGVS nomenclature: NM_003418.4:c.-14-833_-14-830[X] Toxic gain of function RNA expected mechanism of disease Normal: ≤30 uninterrupted CCTG repeats, 11-26 CCTG repeats with any GCTC or TCTG interruptions Unknown significance (normal vs. mutable): 27-29 CCTG repeats Mutable normal (premutation) alleles. ~30-~54 CCTG repeats Unknown significance (premutation vs pathogenic): ~55-74 CCTG repeats Pathogenic: ~75-11,000 CCTG repeats Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.6840 | DM1 |
Bryony Thompson STR: DM1 was added STR: DM1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for STR: DM1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for STR: DM1 were set to 20301344; 29325606 Phenotypes for STR: DM1 were set to Myotonic dystrophy 1 MIM#160900 Review for STR: DM1 was set to GREEN STR: DM1 was marked as clinically relevant Added comment: HGVS nomenclature: NM_001081560.2:c.*224_*226CTG[X] RNA toxic gain of function is mechanism of disease Premutation: 35-49 repeats, no clinical signs Mild: 50-~150 repeats, age of onset 20-70 yrs, clinical signs - cataracts, mild myotonia Classic: ~100-~1,000 repeats, age of onset 10-30 yrs, clinical signs - weakness, myotonia, cataracts, balding, cardiac arrhythmia Congenital: >1,000 repeats, age of onset birth-10 yrs , clinical signs - infantile hypotonia, respiratory deficits, intellectual disability, classic signs in adults Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.6822 | SCA7 |
Bryony Thompson STR: SCA7 was added STR: SCA7 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for STR: SCA7 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for STR: SCA7 were set to 29325606; 20301433 Phenotypes for STR: SCA7 were set to Spinocerebellar ataxia 7 MIM#164500 Review for STR: SCA7 was set to GREEN STR: SCA7 was marked as clinically relevant Added comment: NM_000333.3:c.89_91AGC[X] Gain of function mechanism of disease Normal: ≤27 repeats Mutable normal: 28-33 repeats, meiotically unstable, but not associated with an abnormal phenotype. Pathogenic reduced penetrance: 34-36 repeats, when manifestations occur, they are more likely to be later onset and milder than average Pathogenic full penetrance: 37-460 repeats Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.6816 | SCA2 |
Bryony Thompson STR: SCA2 was added STR: SCA2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for STR: SCA2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for STR: SCA2 were set to 29325606; 20301452 Phenotypes for STR: SCA2 were set to Spinocerebellar ataxia 2 MIM#183090 Review for STR: SCA2 was set to GREEN STR: SCA2 was marked as clinically relevant Added comment: NM_002973.3:c.496_498CAG[X] Toxic protein aggregation is mechanism of disease Benign: ≤31 repeats (homozygous 31/31 repeats reported for recessive SCA2) Uncertain: 32 repeats ALS risk allele: 30-32 repeats Reduced penetrance: 33-34 repeats, may not develop symptoms or only very late in life Full penetrance: ≥35 repeats Interruption of a CAG expanded allele by a CAA repeat does not mitigate the pathogenicity of the repeat size, but may enhance the meiotic stability of the repeat Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.6801 | FLII |
Zornitza Stark gene: FLII was added gene: FLII was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: FLII was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: FLII were set to 32870709 Phenotypes for gene: FLII were set to Dilated cardiomyopathy Review for gene: FLII was set to AMBER Added comment: Two unrelated families reported with homozygous missense variants. Emerging evidence. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.6799 | RHBDF1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: RHBDF1 was added gene: RHBDF1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: RHBDF1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: RHBDF1 were set to 32870709 Phenotypes for gene: RHBDF1 were set to Dilated cardiomyopathy Review for gene: RHBDF1 was set to AMBER Added comment: Three families reported with homozygous variants in this gene and onset of DCM in infancy/childhood. Two of the families had the same truncating variant, indicative of founder effect, and one family had a homozygous missense variant. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.6797 | MYLK3 |
Zornitza Stark gene: MYLK3 was added gene: MYLK3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: MYLK3 was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: MYLK3 were set to 29235529; 31244672; 32213617; 32870709 Phenotypes for gene: MYLK3 were set to Dilated cardiomyopathy Review for gene: MYLK3 was set to AMBER Added comment: Two families reported with mono-allelic variants (one extension, one frameshift), and three consanguineous families reported with bi-allelic variants (two hmz frameshift, one hmz missense). Supportive mouse models. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.6795 | NRAP |
Zornitza Stark gene: NRAP was added gene: NRAP was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: NRAP was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: NRAP were set to 33534821; 30384889; 28611399; 32870709 Phenotypes for gene: NRAP were set to Dilated cardiomyopathy Review for gene: NRAP was set to GREEN Added comment: Twenty unrelated families reported with childhood onset DCM. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.6793 | MPEG1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: MPEG1 was added gene: MPEG1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: MPEG1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: MPEG1 were set to 33224153; 33692780; 28422754 Phenotypes for gene: MPEG1 were set to Immunodeficiency 77, MIM# 619223 Review for gene: MPEG1 was set to GREEN Added comment: Immunodeficiency-77 (IMD77) is an immunologic disorder characterized by recurrent and persistent polymicrobial infections with multiple unusual organisms. Skin and pulmonary infections are the most common, consistent with increased susceptibility to epithelial cell infections. The age at onset is highly variable: some patients have recurrent infections from childhood, whereas others present in late adulthood. The limited number of reported patients are all female, suggesting incomplete penetrance or a possible sex-influenced trait. Patient cells, mainly macrophages, show impaired killing of intracellular bacteria and organisms, including nontubercular mycobacteria, although there is also impaired killing of other organisms, such as Pseudomonas, Candida, and Aspergillus. Four individuals reported, functional data, including animal model. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.6785 | CSPP1 | Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: More than 20 unrelated families reported.; to: More than 20 unrelated families reported. Classically associated with Joubert syndrome; however, note 4 individuals reported with features consistent with Jeune asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy, including short ribs, bell-shaped chest, and pulmonary hypoplasia. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.6769 | ALDH1L2 |
Naomi Baker gene: ALDH1L2 was added gene: ALDH1L2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ALDH1L2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: ALDH1L2 were set to PMID: 31341639; 33168096 Phenotypes for gene: ALDH1L2 were set to pruritic ichthyosis, severe diffuse hypomyelination seen on MRI, and abnormal lipid peaks Review for gene: ALDH1L2 was set to RED Added comment: Individual reported with bialleleic ALDH1L2 variants (non-canonical splice and a frameshift mutation), who also has a de novo hemizygous RPS6KA3 frameshift mutation. Authors state that not all features of the individual could be explained by the RPS6KA3 variant, and that consideration of Coffin-Lowry sysndrome was only made after identification of the RPS6KA3 variant. Therefore individual has there is a blended phenotype of Coffin–Lowry syndrome and Sjögren–Larsson syndrome. From functional studies authors propose that the ALDH1L2 loss induces mitochondrial dysfunction due to reduced NADPH and increased oxidative stress (PMID: 31341639). Knockout mouse model was viable and did not show an apparent phenotype, however metabolomic analysis showed vastly changed metabotypes in the liver and plasma in these mice suggesting channeling of fatty acids away from β-oxidation. Authors therefore postulate that the role of ALDH1L2 in the lipid metabolism explains why the loss of this enzyme is associated with neuro-cutaneous disease. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.6763 | TAOK2 |
Bryony Thompson gene: TAOK2 was added gene: TAOK2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: TAOK2 was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: TAOK2 were set to 28385331; 29467497 Phenotypes for gene: TAOK2 were set to Generalized verrucosis; abnormal T cell activation Review for gene: TAOK2 was set to AMBER Added comment: PMID: 28385331 - A single consanguineous family with generalized verrucosis and abnormal T cell activation, and a homozygous missense (p.R700C), with some assays on patient fibroblasts. PMID: 29467497 - One of the several genes in the 16p11.2 microdeletion region associated with autism. Taok2 heterozygous and knockout mice had gene dosage-dependent impairments in cognition, anxiety, social interaction, brain size, and neural connectivity. 3 de novo variants and 3 predicted loss of function variants identified in 6 unrelated autism cases. 2 of the de novo variants have supporting functional assays, but 1 of them co-occurs in an individual with a CHD8 frameshift. 1 of the predicted loss of function variants was also identified in the unaffected father and sibling. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.6742 | UBAP1 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: PMID 31696996: Five unrelated families reported with childhood-onset HSP. A recurrent two‐base pair deletion (c.426_427delGA, p.K143Sfs*15) in the UBAP1 gene was found in four families, and a similar variant (c.475_476delTT, p.F159*) was detected in a fifth family. The variant was confirmed to be de novo in two families and inherited from an affected parent in two other families. RNA studies performed in lymphocytes from one patient with the de novo c.426_427delGA variant demonstrated escape of nonsense‐mediated decay of the UBAP1 mutant transcript, suggesting the generation of a truncated protein. Both variants identified are predicted to result in truncated proteins losing the capacity of binding to ubiquitinated proteins, hence appearing to exhibit a dominant‐negative effect on the normal function of the endosome‐specific endosomal sorting complexes required for the transport‐I complex.; to: PMID 31696996: Five unrelated families reported with childhood-onset HSP. A recurrent two‐base pair deletion (c.426_427delGA, p.K143Sfs*15) in the UBAP1 gene was found in four families, and a similar variant (c.475_476delTT, p.F159*) was detected in a fifth family. The variant was confirmed to be de novo in two families and inherited from an affected parent in two other families. RNA studies performed in lymphocytes from one patient with the de novo c.426_427delGA variant demonstrated escape of nonsense‐mediated decay of the UBAP1 mutant transcript, suggesting the generation of a truncated protein. Both variants identified are predicted to result in truncated proteins losing the capacity of binding to ubiquitinated proteins, hence appearing to exhibit a dominant‐negative effect on the normal function of the endosome‐specific endosomal sorting complexes required for the transport‐I complex. PMID 32934340: additional 7 families. Median age of onset 10yrs. |
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| Mendeliome v0.6725 | COPB1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: COPB1 was added gene: COPB1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: COPB1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: COPB1 were set to 33632302 Phenotypes for gene: COPB1 were set to Severe intellectual disability; variable microcephaly; cataracts Review for gene: COPB1 was set to AMBER Added comment: Two unrelated families, some supportive functional data. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.6703 | ARPC1B | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ARPC1B were changed from to Platelet abnormalities with eosinophilia and immune-mediated inflammatory disease 617718 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.6700 | ARPC1B | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: ARPC1B: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 28368018, 33679784; Phenotypes: Platelet abnormalities with eosinophilia and immune-mediated inflammatory disease 617718; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.6699 | KIDINS220 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: KIDINS220: Added comment: Note additional family with severe prenatal phenotype and bi-allelic variants reported in PMID 32909676, so total of 3 unrelated families for bi-allelic fetal phenotype.; Changed publications: 27005418, 32909676 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.6699 | KDM5C | Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Progressive lower limb spasticity is a feature of this ID syndrome. More than 5 unrelated families reported.; to: Intellectual disability, progressive lower limb spasticity, epilepsy and a number of other more variable features. Affected females reported PMID 32279304. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.6697 | KDM5C | Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: KDM5C was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.6696 | KDM5C | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: KDM5C: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 15586325, 32279304; Phenotypes: Mental retardation, X-linked, syndromic, Claes-Jensen type, MIM# 300534, MONDO:0010355; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.6693 | C12orf65 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: C12orf65 were changed from to Spastic paraplegia 55, autosomal recessive, MIM#615035; Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 7, MIM# 613559 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.6690 | C12orf65 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: C12orf65: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 23188110, 24080142, 24198383, 20598281, 32808965, 32478789, 28804760; Phenotypes: Spastic paraplegia 55, autosomal recessive, MIM#615035, Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 7, MIM# 613559; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.6690 | C19orf12 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: C19orf12 were changed from to Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation 4, MIM# 614298; Spastic paraplegia 43, autosomal recessive, MIM# 615043 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.6687 | C19orf12 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: C19orf12: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 33688131, 21981780, 22508347, 23269600, 31804703, 30088953, 20039086; Phenotypes: Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation 4, MIM# 614298, Spastic paraplegia 43, autosomal recessive, MIM# 615043; Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.6684 | CYP2U1 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: CYP2U1: Added comment: SPG56 is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by early-onset progressive lower-limb spasticity resulting in walking difficulties. Upper limbs are often also affected, and some patients may have a subclinical axonal neuropathy. Onset is typically in the first decade. More than 5 unrelated families reported.; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed publications: 23176821, 32006740, 29034544 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.6684 | IFRD1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: IFRD1 was added gene: IFRD1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: IFRD1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: IFRD1 were set to 29362493 Phenotypes for gene: IFRD1 were set to Hereditary spastic paraplegia; peripheral neuropathy; ataxia Review for gene: IFRD1 was set to RED Added comment: A variant segregated with slowly progressing gait ataxia, pyramidal tract signs and peripheral neuropathy in three siblings from a single Chinese family. No functional analyses of the variant has been conducted. The variant (c.514 A>G, p.I172V) is too common (0.3%) for a dominant condition in the African population in gnomAD. Sources: Expert Review |
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| Mendeliome v0.6684 | IFRD1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: IFRD1 was added gene: IFRD1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: IFRD1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: IFRD1 were set to 29362493 Phenotypes for gene: IFRD1 were set to Hereditary spastic paraplegia; peripheral neuropathy; ataxia Review for gene: IFRD1 was set to RED Added comment: A variant segregated with slowly progressing gait ataxia, pyramidal tract signs and peripheral neuropathy in three siblings from a single Chinese family. No functional analyses of the variant has been conducted. The variant (c.514 A>G, p.I172V) is too common (0.3%) for a dominant condition in the African population in gnomAD. Sources: Expert Review |
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| Mendeliome v0.6630 | PGM1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: PGM1 were changed from to Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type It 614921; Glycogen storage disorder XIV | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.6627 | PGM1 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: PGM1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 19625727, 24499211; Phenotypes: Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type It 614921, Glycogen storage disorder XIV; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.6589 | SIAH1 |
Arina Puzriakova gene: SIAH1 was added gene: SIAH1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SIAH1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Publications for gene: SIAH1 were set to 32430360 Phenotypes for gene: SIAH1 were set to Developmental delay; Infantile hypotonia; Dysmorphic features; Laryngomalacia Review for gene: SIAH1 was set to GREEN Added comment: - PMID: 32430360 (2021) - Five unrelated individuals with shared features of developmental delay, infantile hypotonia, dysmorphic features and laryngomalacia. All had speech delay and where cognitive assessment was age appropriate individuals exhibited learning difficulties. Trio WES revealed distinct de novo variants in SIAH1. In vitro assays demonstrated that SIAH1 mutants induce loss of Wnt stimulatory activity. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.6582 | SYCP2L |
Arina Puzriakova gene: SYCP2L was added gene: SYCP2L was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SYCP2L was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SYCP2L were set to 32303603 Phenotypes for gene: SYCP2L were set to Premature ovarian insufficiency Review for gene: SYCP2L was set to AMBER Added comment: - PMID: 32303603 (2021) - Two unrelated individuals with premature ovarian insufficiency and homozygous variants (c.150_151del (p.Ser52Profs*7), c.999A>G (p.Ile333Met)) in SYCP2L. In vitro assays revealed that mutant SYCP2L proteins induced mislocalisation and reduced expression. Sycp2l knockout mice exhibit accelerated reproductive ageing. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.6570 | CLCN4 | Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CLCN4 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.6569 | CLCN4 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: CLCN4: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 27550844; Phenotypes: Raynaud-Claes syndrome, MIM#300114, intellectual disability, epilepsy, autistic features, mood disorders, cerebral white matter changes, progressive appendicular spasticity; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.6567 | EN1 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Three unrelated families reported (though two shown to be related by descent) with predominantly a skeletal phenotype comprising mesomelic shortening and deformation of the lower limbs due to severe hypoplasia of the tibia and fibula. This was accompanied by abnormalities of the digits of the hands and feet, with cutaneous and osseous syndactyly as well as dysplastic, missing, and/or volar nails. In addition, genitourinary anomalies were observed in some. Homozygous deletions identified in all, with the minimal deleted region being a 27-kb interval (chr2: 118,561,492-118,589,320) located approximately 300 kb upstream of the EN1 gene. Mouse model recapitulated the phenotype. Sources: Literature; to: Three unrelated families reported (though two shown to be related by descent) with predominantly a skeletal phenotype comprising mesomelic shortening and deformation of the lower limbs due to severe hypoplasia of the tibia and fibula. This was accompanied by abnormalities of the digits of the hands and feet, with cutaneous and osseous syndactyly as well as dysplastic, missing, and/or volar nails. In addition, genitourinary anomalies were observed in some. Homozygous deletions identified in all, with the minimal deleted region being a 27-kb interval (chr2: 118,561,492-118,589,320) located approximately 300 kb upstream of the EN1 gene. Mouse model recapitulated the phenotype. An additional fourth individual had cerebellar hypoplasia in addition to the skeletal phenotype, and a bi-allelic LoF variant. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.6566 | EN1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: EN1 was added gene: EN1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: EN1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: EN1 were set to 33568816 Phenotypes for gene: EN1 were set to ENDOVE syndrome, limb-only type, MIM# 619217 Review for gene: EN1 was set to GREEN Added comment: Three unrelated families reported (though two shown to be related by descent) with predominantly a skeletal phenotype comprising mesomelic shortening and deformation of the lower limbs due to severe hypoplasia of the tibia and fibula. This was accompanied by abnormalities of the digits of the hands and feet, with cutaneous and osseous syndactyly as well as dysplastic, missing, and/or volar nails. In addition, genitourinary anomalies were observed in some. Homozygous deletions identified in all, with the minimal deleted region being a 27-kb interval (chr2: 118,561,492-118,589,320) located approximately 300 kb upstream of the EN1 gene. Mouse model recapitulated the phenotype. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.6538 | EIF5A |
Zornitza Stark gene: EIF5A was added gene: EIF5A was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: EIF5A was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: EIF5A were set to 33547280 Phenotypes for gene: EIF5A were set to Intellectual disability; microcephaly; dysmorphism Review for gene: EIF5A was set to GREEN Added comment: 7 unrelated individuals reported with de novo variants in this gene and variable combinations of developmental delay, microcephaly, micrognathia and dysmorphism. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.6531 | PERP |
Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: PERP: Added comment: Four families reported with heterozygous variants and Olmsted syndrome-2 (OLMS2), which is characterised by mutilating hyperkeratotic skin lesions, primarily on the palms and soles, but also extending onto dorsal surfaces of the hands and feet and distal extremities. The lesions are progressive, becoming thicker with verrucous fissures on the palms and soles over time. In addition, affected individuals exhibit perioral hyperkeratosis, and may have lesions around other orifices as well, such as the nostrils, perineum, and anus. Most patients also have hyperkeratotic nails and light-colored woolly hair. Two families reported with bi-allelic variants and Erythrokeratodermia variabilis et progressiva-7 (EKVP7), which is characterised by palmoplantar keratoderma that extends to the dorsal surface of the hands and feet (transgrediens), as well as erythematous annular skin lesions. Pruritis, woolly hair, and dystrophic nails may also be present.; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed publications: 31898316, 30321533, 31361044; Changed phenotypes: Olmsted syndrome 2, MIM# 619208, Erythrokeratodermia variabilis et progressiva 7, MIM# 619209; Changed mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal |
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| Mendeliome v0.6526 | APOO |
Arina Puzriakova gene: APOO was added gene: APOO was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: APOO was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) Publications for gene: APOO were set to 32439808 Phenotypes for gene: APOO were set to Developmental delay; Lactic acidosis; Muscle weakness; Hypotonia; Repetitive infections; Cognitive impairment; Autistic behaviour Review for gene: APOO was set to RED Added comment: - PMID: 32439808 (2021) - Three generation family with c.350T>C variant in APOO, encoding a component of the MICOS complex which plays a role in maintaining inner mitochondrial membrane architecture. Phenotypes include fatigue and muscle weakness (6/8), learning difficulties and cognitive impairment (4/8), and increased blood lactate (2/8). Four individuals were asymptomatic carriers, including one male (authors indicate variability in female carriers was due to skewed X-inactivation, although skewing studies were inconclusive in some cases). Variability in clinical presentation suggests reduced penetrance or possible contribution of additional factors. Functional studies showed altered MICOS assembly and abnormalities in mitochondria ultrastructure in patient-derived fibroblasts. Knockdown studies in Drosophila and yeast demonstrated mitochondrial structural and functional deficiencies. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.6513 | SPTAN1 | Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: At least 4 unrelated families reported.; to: At least 4 unrelated families reported with DEE phenotype. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.6501 | PCBD1 |
Michelle Torres edited their review of gene: PCBD1: Added comment: PMID: 24848070: one consanguineous family with early-onset nonautoimmune diabetes. The individual with early onset is biallelic, and 3 other carriers had later onset diabetes. In addition, 3 other patients with mild neonatal hyperphenylalaninemia with features similar to dominantly inherited HNF1A-diabetes. PMID: 24204001: 2 out 3 patients with hypomagnesemia and renal magnesium wasting associated to biallelic PCBD1 variants developed MODY; Changed phenotypes: MODY, Hyperphenylalaninemia, BH4-deficient, D 264070 |
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| Mendeliome v0.6495 | SPEN | Chern Lim reviewed gene: SPEN: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 33596411; Phenotypes: Developmental delay/intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, anxiety, aggressive behavior, attention deficit disorder, hypotonia, brain and spine anomalies, congenital heart defects, high/narrow palate, facial dysmorphisms, and obesity/increased BMI; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.6494 | PCBD1 |
Michelle Torres changed review comment from: PMID: 24848070: one consanguineous family with early-onset nonautoimmune diabetes. The individual with early onset is biallelic, and 3 other carriers had later onset diabetes. In addition, 3 other patients with mild neonatal hyperphenylalaninemia with features similar to dominantly inherited HNF1A-diabetes. PMID: 24204001: 2 out 3 patients with hypomagnesemia and renal magnesium wasting associated to biallelic PCBD1 variants developed MODY; to: PMID: 24848070: one consanguineous family with early-onset nonautoimmune diabetes. The individual with early onset is biallelic, and 3 other carriers had later onset diabetes. In addition, 3 other patients with mild neonatal hyperphenylalaninemia with features similar to dominantly inherited HNF1A-diabetes. PMID: 24204001: 2 out 3 patients with hypomagnesemia and renal magnesium wasting associated to biallelic PCBD1 variants developed MODY |
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| Mendeliome v0.6490 | PCBD1 |
Michelle Torres changed review comment from: PMID: 24848070: one consanguineous family with early-onset nonautoimmune diabetes with features similar to dominantly inherited HNF1A-diabetes. The individual with early onset is biallelic, and 3 other carriers had later onset diabetes. PMID: 24204001: 2 out 3 patients with hypomagnesemia and renal magnesium wasting associated to biallelic PCBD1 variants developed MODY; to: PMID: 24848070: one consanguineous family with early-onset nonautoimmune diabetes. The individual with early onset is biallelic, and 3 other carriers had later onset diabetes. In addition, 3 other patients with mild neonatal hyperphenylalaninemia with features similar to dominantly inherited HNF1A-diabetes. PMID: 24204001: 2 out 3 patients with hypomagnesemia and renal magnesium wasting associated to biallelic PCBD1 variants developed MODY |
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| Mendeliome v0.6485 | MAST2 |
Elena Savva gene: MAST2 was added gene: MAST2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: MAST2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Publications for gene: MAST2 were set to PMID: 33465109 Phenotypes for gene: MAST2 were set to Thrombophilia; venous thrombosis Review for gene: MAST2 was set to RED Added comment: Single missense identified in a family with venous thrombosis and thrombophilia. Missense variant reviewed by in silicos only. Shown to affect regulation of TFP1 and SERPINE1 gene expression. RNAi of MAST2 followed by RNAseq showed expression changes in many downstream targets Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.6467 | ANKZF1 |
Bryony Thompson gene: ANKZF1 was added gene: ANKZF1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Other Mode of inheritance for gene: ANKZF1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: ANKZF1 were set to 28302725 Phenotypes for gene: ANKZF1 were set to Infantile-onset inflammatory bowel disease Review for gene: ANKZF1 was set to AMBER Added comment: Two unrelated cases (1 homozygous and 1 compound heterozygous), and supporting in vitro and yeast assays indicating that loss-of-function mutations in ANKZF1 result in deregulation of mitochondrial integrity. Sources: Other |
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| Mendeliome v0.6463 | CLTCL1 |
Bryony Thompson changed review comment from: PMID: 26068709 - Three siblings in a single consanguineous family with congenital insensitivity to pain, inability to feel touch, and cognitive delay and a homozygous rare missense variant (Glu330Lys - no homozygotes in gnomAD v2.1). In vitro functional assays of the variant suggested a deleterious effect on the protein. Additionally cellular assays suggested a role for the gene in neural crest development and in the genesis of pain and touch sensing neurons. PMID: 29402896 - more in depth functional assays and proteomic analyses suggesting a role for the protein in regulating sensory neuron differentiation in the human peripheral system Other reports of associations with limited evidence: PMID: 22511880 - Identified as a candidate gene in an autism study, but the homozygous variant (reported as R125C, but actually R1165C) has 40 homozygotes in gnomAD v2.1. And many of the other compound heterozygous candidate variants in the study are too common in gnomAD v2.1, with many homozygotes present. The missense reported in the pain insensitivity family Glu330Lys was reported with another rare missense variant (Glu1310Lys) in one of the autism cases, but no other phenotype information was provided. PMID: 31354784 - a single case with infantile spasm reported with compound het missense (Met1316Val & Arg1165Cys), but both are very common in gnomAD v2.1 with 33,000 and 40 homozygotes, respectively. Sources: Literature; to: PMID: 26068709 - Three siblings in a single consanguineous family with congenital insensitivity to pain, inability to feel touch, and cognitive delay and a homozygous rare missense variant (Glu330Lys - no homozygotes in gnomAD v2.1). In vitro functional assays of the variant suggested a deleterious effect on the protein. Additionally cellular assays suggested a role for the gene in neural crest development and in the genesis of pain and touch sensing neurons. PMID: 29402896 - more in depth functional assays and proteomic analyses suggesting a role for the protein in regulating sensory neuron differentiation in the human peripheral system. Other reports of associations with limited evidence: PMID: 22511880 - Identified as a candidate gene in an autism study, but the homozygous variant (reported as R125C, but actually R1165C) has 40 homozygotes in gnomAD v2.1. And many of the other compound heterozygous candidate variants in the study are too common in gnomAD v2.1, with many homozygotes present. The missense reported in the pain insensitivity family Glu330Lys was reported with another rare missense variant (Glu1310Lys) in one of the autism cases, but no other phenotype information was provided. PMID: 31354784 - a single case with infantile spasm reported with compound het missense (Met1316Val & Arg1165Cys), but both are very common in gnomAD v2.1 with 33,000 and 40 homozygotes, respectively. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.6463 | CLTCL1 |
Bryony Thompson gene: CLTCL1 was added gene: CLTCL1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: CLTCL1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: CLTCL1 were set to 26068709; 29402896; 22511880; 31354784 Phenotypes for gene: CLTCL1 were set to Congenital insensitivity to pain Review for gene: CLTCL1 was set to AMBER Added comment: PMID: 26068709 - Three siblings in a single consanguineous family with congenital insensitivity to pain, inability to feel touch, and cognitive delay and a homozygous rare missense variant (Glu330Lys - no homozygotes in gnomAD v2.1). In vitro functional assays of the variant suggested a deleterious effect on the protein. Additionally cellular assays suggested a role for the gene in neural crest development and in the genesis of pain and touch sensing neurons. PMID: 29402896 - more in depth functional assays and proteomic analyses suggesting a role for the protein in regulating sensory neuron differentiation in the human peripheral system Other reports of associations with limited evidence: PMID: 22511880 - Identified as a candidate gene in an autism study, but the homozygous variant (reported as R125C, but actually R1165C) has 40 homozygotes in gnomAD v2.1. And many of the other compound heterozygous candidate variants in the study are too common in gnomAD v2.1, with many homozygotes present. The missense reported in the pain insensitivity family Glu330Lys was reported with another rare missense variant (Glu1310Lys) in one of the autism cases, but no other phenotype information was provided. PMID: 31354784 - a single case with infantile spasm reported with compound het missense (Met1316Val & Arg1165Cys), but both are very common in gnomAD v2.1 with 33,000 and 40 homozygotes, respectively. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.6443 | SAT1 | Bryony Thompson reviewed gene: SAT1: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 12215835, 20672378, 9228047; Phenotypes: Keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.6440 | TOGARAM1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: TOGARAM1 were changed from Cleft of the lip and palate; Microphthalmia; Cerebral dysgenesis; Hydrocephalus to Joubert syndrome 37, MIM# 619185 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.6419 | ASCC3 |
Bryony Thompson gene: ASCC3 was added gene: ASCC3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ASCC3 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: ASCC3 were set to 21937992; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xhgg.2021.100024 Phenotypes for gene: ASCC3 were set to Neuromuscular syndrome; congenital myopathy Review for gene: ASCC3 was set to GREEN Added comment: 11 individuals from 7 unrelated families with homozygous (missense) or compound heterozygous variants (missense with a presumed LoF variant or 2 missense, no biallelic LoF) with a neurologic phenotype that ranges from severe developmental delay to muscle fatigue. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.6394 | SHROOM3 |
Zornitza Stark gene: SHROOM3 was added gene: SHROOM3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: SHROOM3 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SHROOM3 were set to 32621286 Phenotypes for gene: SHROOM3 were set to Anencephaly; cleft lip and palate Review for gene: SHROOM3 was set to AMBER Added comment: Animal model and other functional data link SHROOM3 to neural tube development. Single family reported with bi-allelic LoF in a fetus with anencephaly and CL/P. Sources: Expert Review |
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| Mendeliome v0.6390 | MSL3 | Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MSL3 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.6389 | MSL3 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: MSL3: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 33173220; Phenotypes: Basilicata-Akhtar syndrome, OMIM # 301032; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.6377 | ITPR1 | Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Gillespie syndrome is usually diagnosed in the first year of life by the presence of fixed dilated pupils in a hypotonic infant. Affected individuals have a characteristic form of iris hypoplasia in which the pupillary border of the iris exhibits a scalloped or 'festooned' edge, with iris strands extending onto the anterior lens surface at regular intervals. The key extraocular features of Gillespie syndrome are congenital hypotonia, progressive cerebellar hypoplasia, and ataxia, as well as variable cognitive impairment that is usually mild. Multiple families reported with bi-allelic or de novo heterozygous variants.; to: Gillespie syndrome: usually diagnosed in the first year of life by the presence of fixed dilated pupils in a hypotonic infant. Affected individuals have a characteristic form of iris hypoplasia in which the pupillary border of the iris exhibits a scalloped or 'festooned' edge, with iris strands extending onto the anterior lens surface at regular intervals. The key extraocular features of Gillespie syndrome are congenital hypotonia, progressive cerebellar hypoplasia, and ataxia, as well as variable cognitive impairment that is usually mild. Multiple families reported with bi-allelic or de novo heterozygous variants. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.6324 | IGSF1 | Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: IGSF1 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.6323 | IGSF1 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: IGSF1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 27310681, 30086211, 24108313, 26840047, 27762734, 23143598; Phenotypes: Hypothyroidism, central, and testicular enlargement, MIM# 300888; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.6321 | FCHO1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: FCHO1 were changed from Combined immunodeficiency; T cells: low, poor proliferation; B cells: normal number; Recurrent infections (viral, mycobacteria, bacterial, fungal); lymphoproliferation; Failure to thrive; Increased activation-induced T-cell death; Defective clathrin-mediated endocytosis to Immunodeficiency 76, MIM# 619164; Combined immunodeficiency; T cells: low, poor proliferation; B cells: normal number; Recurrent infections (viral, mycobacteria, bacterial, fungal); lymphoproliferation; Failure to thrive; Increased activation-induced T-cell death; Defective clathrin-mediated endocytosis | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.6320 | FCHO1 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: FCHO1: Changed phenotypes: Immunodeficiency 76, MIM# 619164, Combined immunodeficiency, T cells: low, poor proliferation, B cells: normal number, Recurrent infections (viral, mycobacteria, bacterial, fungal), lymphoproliferation, Failure to thrive, Increased activation-induced T-cell death, Defective clathrin-mediated endocytosis | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.6320 | FSTL5 |
Eleanor Williams gene: FSTL5 was added gene: FSTL5 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: FSTL5 was set to Unknown Publications for gene: FSTL5 were set to 33105483 Phenotypes for gene: FSTL5 were set to isolated club-foot; iTEV; Talipes equinovarus Review for gene: FSTL5 was set to RED Added comment: PMID: 33105483 - Khanshour et al 20201 - GWAS study of isolated Talipes equinovarus (clubfoot, iTEV) identified an associated locus within FSTL5. They show that Fstl5 is expressed in the embryonic hindlimb in bats, chicks and mice. However, Fstl5 was expressed more highly in neural tissues in mice, and rats lacking Fstl5 showed no gross developmental malformations. Conditional overexpression of Fstl5 in osteochondroprogenitors resulted in sexually dimorphic differences in skeletal development in mice. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.6320 | NCOA3 |
Eleanor Williams gene: NCOA3 was added gene: NCOA3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: NCOA3 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Publications for gene: NCOA3 were set to 33326993 Phenotypes for gene: NCOA3 were set to non-syndromic hearing loss Review for gene: NCOA3 was set to RED Added comment: PMID: 33326993 - Salazar da Silva et al 2020 - report a 5 generation Brazilian family with 15 individuals with non-syndromic, bilateral and progressive hearing loss. Using linkage analysis and then exome sequencing they identified a heterozygous variant in NCOA3 (NM_181659, c.2810C > G; p.Ser937Cys) that was found in the 7 analysed affected individuals. It was also found in 4 unaffected individuals but they are within the range of onset of hearing loss observed in the family. Expression of nco3 was found in the inner ear of mice and zebrafish. ncoa3-/- zebrafish showed subtle alterations in cartilage, mineral density and abnormal adult swimming behaviour, which may suggest the mechanism of pathogenicity. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.6314 | CFHR3 | Elena Savva reviewed gene: CFHR3: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID:32424742; Phenotypes: {Hemolytic uremic syndrome, atypical, susceptibility to} MIM#235400, {Macular degeneration, age-related, reduced risk of} MIM#603075; Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.6314 | CFHR1 | Elena Savva reviewed gene: CFHR1: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID:32424742; Phenotypes: {Hemolytic uremic syndrome, atypical, susceptibility to} MIM#235400, {Macular degeneration, age-related, reduced risk of} MIM#603075; Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.6297 | SHPK |
Bryony Thompson gene: SHPK was added gene: SHPK was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SHPK was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SHPK were set to 25647543; 27604308 Phenotypes for gene: SHPK were set to Sedoheptulokinase deficiency MIM#617213 Review for gene: SHPK was set to AMBER Added comment: 2 unrelated cases reported, with elevated excretion of erythritol and sedoheptulose, and each had a homozygous nonsense variant. The first patient presented with neonatal cholestasis, hypoglycemia, and anemia, while the second patient presented with congenital arthrogryposis multiplex, multiple contractures, and dysmorphisms. Due to inconsistency in phenotypes, likely SHPK deficiency is a benign disorder. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.6295 | PNLIP |
Bryony Thompson gene: PNLIP was added gene: PNLIP was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: PNLIP was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: PNLIP were set to 31977950; 25862608; 24262094; 27604308 Phenotypes for gene: PNLIP were set to Pancreatic lipase deficiency MIM#614338; disorders of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism Review for gene: PNLIP was set to GREEN Added comment: 4 cases from 2 unrelated families, with supporting biochemical assays in patient cells and cellular-based assays. The cases have decreased absorption of dietary fat and greasy voluminous stools, but apparent normal development and an overall good state of health. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.6237 | SC5D | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: SC5D were changed from to Lathosterolosis, MIM# 607330 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.6234 | SC5D | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: SC5D: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 17853487, 12189593, 12812989, 24142275; Phenotypes: Lathosterolosis, MIM# 607330; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.6231 | SLC46A1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: SLC46A1 were changed from to Folate malabsorption, hereditary, MIM# 229050 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.6228 | SLC46A1 | Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Hereditary folate malabsorption is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by signs and symptoms of folate deficiency that appear within a few months after birth. Infants exhibit low blood and cerebrospinal fluid folate levels with megaloblastic anemia, diarrhea, immune deficiency, infections, and neurologic deficits. Treatment with folate supplementation results in resolution of the signs and symptoms. The disorder is caused by impaired intestinal folate absorption and impaired transport of folate into the central nervous system. More than 5 unrelated families reported.; to: Hereditary folate malabsorption is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by signs and symptoms of folate deficiency that appear within a few months after birth. Infants exhibit low blood and cerebrospinal fluid folate levels with megaloblastic anemia, diarrhoea, immune deficiency, infections, and neurologic deficits. Treatment with folate supplementation results in resolution of the signs and symptoms. The disorder is caused by impaired intestinal folate absorption and impaired transport of folate into the central nervous system. More than 5 unrelated families reported. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.6228 | SLC46A1 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: SLC46A1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 17446347, 17129779, 21333572; Phenotypes: Folate malabsorption, hereditary, MIM# 229050; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.6221 | DDX58 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: DDX58: Added comment: Prasov et al. 2021 (PMID: 33495304) - A heterozygous DDX58 variant (c.1529A>T) was identified in 5 individuals from 2 unrelated families from different ethnic backgrounds. Phenotypes varied with some being severely affected by systemic features and others solely with glaucoma.Functional analysis demonstrated the variant confers a dominant gain-of-function effect on interferon activity.; Changed mode of pathogenicity: Other; Changed publications: 25620203, 33495304 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.6215 | SIX1 | Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: DEFINITIVE by ClinGen. Variable expressivity, some families reported with isolated deafness, however this likely represents a spectrum rather than a separate disorder.; to: Deafness/BOS: DEFINITIVE by ClinGen. Variable expressivity, some families reported with isolated deafness, however this likely represents a spectrum rather than a separate disorder. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.6207 | EGFR | Eleanor Williams changed review comment from: PMID: 33326033 - Akhavanfard et al 2020 - identified a heterozygous germline variant in EGFR (c.3238 G>A, p.Asp1080Asn) in a 21 year old female with metastatic bilateral Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC). Then they analyzed germline exome data from 21 children, 32 adolescents and young adults (15-39y), and 60 adult participants with ACC. 3.5% of all 113 ACC cases had at least a highly prioritized VUS germline EGFR variant, compared to only 0.3% in a non-TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) ExAC control group (P < 0.0001). No segregation data.; to: PMID: 33326033 - Akhavanfard et al 2020 - identified a heterozygous germline variant in EGFR (c.3238 G>A, p.Asp1080Asn) in a 21 year old female with metastatic bilateral Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC). Then they analyzed germline exome data from 21 children, 32 adolescents and young adults (15-39y), and 60 adult participants with ACC. 3.5% of all 113 ACC cases had at least a highly prioritized VUS germline EGFR variant, compared to only 0.3% in a non-TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) ExAC control group (P < 0.0001). In the adolescents and young adults group 6.2% had ECGR variants. No segregation data. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.6207 | WBP11 |
Eleanor Williams gene: WBP11 was added gene: WBP11 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: WBP11 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Publications for gene: WBP11 were set to 33276377 Phenotypes for gene: WBP11 were set to malformation syndrome affecting the cardiac, skeletal, gastrointestinal and renal systems Review for gene: WBP11 was set to GREEN Added comment: PMID: 33276377 - Martin et al 2020 - report 13 affected individuals from 7 unrelated families identified through various different cohort analysis (vertebral malformation, renal hypodysplasia, syndromic esophageal atresia, multiple congenital anomalies) in whom a WBP11 heterozygous variant is considered the top causative candidate. 5 identified variants were predicted to be protein truncating whilst the 6th was a missense variant. All variants are absent from population databases. In family 1, the variant was inherited from the apparently unaffected mother, indicating reduced penetrance, and phenotypic variance within families was observed. Phenotypes covered cardiac, vertebral, renal, craniofacial and gastrointestinal systems. At least at least 5 of the patients affected had features in three component organs so can be considered a VACTERL association. Wbp11 heterozygous null mice had vertebral and renal anomalies. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.6192 | SLC7A6OS |
Zornitza Stark gene: SLC7A6OS was added gene: SLC7A6OS was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC7A6OS was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SLC7A6OS were set to 33085104 Phenotypes for gene: SLC7A6OS were set to Progressive myoclonus epilepsy Review for gene: SLC7A6OS was set to RED Added comment: Two unrelated families reported with same homozygous splice site variant, shared haplotype (founder effect). Limited functional data. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.6190 | TLR8 |
Zornitza Stark gene: TLR8 was added gene: TLR8 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: TLR8 was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females Publications for gene: TLR8 were set to 33512449 Phenotypes for gene: TLR8 were set to Immunodeficiency; bone marrow failure Mode of pathogenicity for gene: TLR8 was set to Other Review for gene: TLR8 was set to GREEN Added comment: Six unrelated males reported with a phenotype comprising neutropaenia, infections, lymphoproliferation, humoral immune defects, and in some cases bone marrow failure. Three different variants reported, the variant was somatic in 5/6 individuals. GoF mechanism demonstrated. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.6187 | PIGF |
Paul De Fazio changed review comment from: The same homozygous missense variant identified in 2 individuals from different families from the same region of India. Individuals had a phenotype similar to DOORS syndrome without deafness. Impaired glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) biosynthesis was demonstrated. Rated Red as the two families are likely to be related (founder mutation?). Sources: Literature; to: The same homozygous missense variant identified in 2 individuals from different families from the same region of India. Individuals had a phenotype similar to DOORS syndrome without deafness - only one of the two had seizures (GTCS), the other was 14mo and noted to have tonic posturing. Impaired glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) biosynthesis was demonstrated by flow cytometry and a rescue assay. Alkaline phosphatase in both individuals was normal. Rated Red as the two families are likely to be related (founder mutation?). Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.6187 | PIGF |
Paul De Fazio changed review comment from: The same missense variant identified in 2 individuals from different families from the same region of India. Individuals had a phenotype similar to DOORS syndrome without deafness. Impaired glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) biosynthesis was demonstrated. Rated Red as the two families are likely to be related (founder mutation?). Sources: Literature; to: The same homozygous missense variant identified in 2 individuals from different families from the same region of India. Individuals had a phenotype similar to DOORS syndrome without deafness. Impaired glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) biosynthesis was demonstrated. Rated Red as the two families are likely to be related (founder mutation?). Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.6187 | PIGF |
Paul De Fazio changed review comment from: Identified in 2 individuals with a phenotype similar to DOORS (syndrome Sources: Literature; to: The same missense variant identified in 2 individuals from different families from the same region of India. Individuals had a phenotype similar to DOORS syndrome without deafness. Impaired glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) biosynthesis was demonstrated. Rated Red as the two families are likely to be related (founder mutation?). Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.6187 | BRWD1 |
Paul De Fazio gene: BRWD1 was added gene: BRWD1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: BRWD1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: BRWD1 were set to 33389130 Phenotypes for gene: BRWD1 were set to Asthenoteratozoospermia, likely primary ciliary dyskinesia Review for gene: BRWD1 was set to GREEN gene: BRWD1 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: Biallelic missense variants reported in 3 unrelated individuals. Apart from asthenoteratozoospermia, all 3 had PCD or "PCD-likely" symptoms of re-occurring airway infections, bronchiectasis, and rhinosinusitis. One individual had situs inversus. Studies on cells from one indivdidual showed abnormal respiratory cilia structure. BRWD1 staining was absent from respiratory cilia in this individual (present in controls). Rated Green as there are three unrelated individuals reported. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.6184 | HIRA |
Paul De Fazio gene: HIRA was added gene: HIRA was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: HIRA was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Publications for gene: HIRA were set to 33417013; 28135719; 25363760 Phenotypes for gene: HIRA were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder Review for gene: HIRA was set to GREEN gene: HIRA was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: Two unrelated patients with different de novo loss of function variants identified in PMID 33417013: Individual 1: intragenic deletion, phenotype included psychomotor retardation, ID, growth retardation, microcephaly, and facial features reminiscent of 22q deletion syndrome. Individual 2: canonical splice variant, phenotype mostly confined to ASD Another two de novo variants were identified in the literature by the authors of that paper, one stop-gain (DDD study, PMID 28135719) and one missense (large autism cohort, PMID 25363760). PMID 33417013 also showed that HIRA knockdown in mice results in neurodevelopmental abnormalities. Rated Green due to 4 unrelated individuals (albeit 2 in large cohort studies) and a mouse model. NB: HIRA is within the common 22q deletion region. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.6181 | CFAP47 | Zornitza Stark Added comment: Comment when marking as ready: 3-4 unrelated individuals and animal model. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.6179 | EYA3 |
Paul De Fazio gene: EYA3 was added gene: EYA3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: EYA3 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Publications for gene: EYA3 were set to 33475861 Phenotypes for gene: EYA3 were set to Oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum (OAVS) Review for gene: EYA3 was set to RED gene: EYA3 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: 3 individuals with OAVS from two unrelated families with the same missense variant, p.(Asn358Ser). Variant has 20 heterozygotes in gnomAD. Unaffected carriers in both families were also identified - unknown if incomplete penetrance or nonsegregation. Functional studies indicate the variant increases protein half life, and gene knockdown in zebrafish had an effect on craniofacial development. Rated Red due to both families sharing the variant and uncertainty about incomplete penetrance versus nonsegregation. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.6172 | BCAT2 |
Bryony Thompson changed review comment from: A single case reported with compound heterozygous variants with functional studies demonstrating that the two variants resulted in decreased BCAT2 enzyme activity. Also, a null mouse model has a phenotype similar to human maple syrup urine disease. Sources: NHS GMS; to: 6 cases from 5 unrelated families with homozygous or compound heterozygous variant, and supporting functional studies demonstrating decreased BCAT2 enzyme activity for some of the variants. Also, a null mouse model has a phenotype similar to human maple syrup urine disease. Sources: NHS GMS |
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| Mendeliome v0.6171 | CFAP47 |
Hazel Phillimore gene: CFAP47 was added gene: CFAP47 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: CFAP47 was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) Publications for gene: CFAP47 were set to PMID: 33472045 Phenotypes for gene: CFAP47 were set to asthenoteratozoospermia; morphological abnormalities of the flagella (MMAF) Review for gene: CFAP47 was set to AMBER Added comment: CFAP47 also known as CXorf22. 3 different missense variants in 3 unrelated Chinese individuals with asthenoteratozoospermia associated with morphological abnormalities of the flagella (MMAF). Immunoblotting and immunofluorescence showed reduced levels of CFAP47 in spermatozoa in all 3 men. A separate asthenoteratozoospermia cohort showed 1 individual with CNV including whole gene deletion of CFAP47. Mouse model (with frameshift variants generated (via CRISPR-Cas9 technology) were sterile and presented with reduced sperm motility and abnormal flagellar morphology. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.6171 | C14orf39 |
Elena Savva gene: C14orf39 was added gene: C14orf39 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: C14orf39 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: C14orf39 were set to PMID: 33508233; 27796301 Phenotypes for gene: C14orf39 were set to Azoospermia; Premature ovarian insufficiency Review for gene: C14orf39 was set to GREEN Added comment: PMID: 33508233 - 1 family with two males (azoospermia) and 1 female (premature ovarian insufficiency) - 2 unrelated Chinese males with azoospermia All patients had either homozygous PTCs or splice PMID: 27796301 Mouse K/O had azoospermia and ovarian failure Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.6166 | METAP1 |
Paul De Fazio gene: METAP1 was added gene: METAP1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: METAP1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: METAP1 were set to PMID: 32764695 Phenotypes for gene: METAP1 were set to Intellectual disability, aggression, neurodevelopmental delay Review for gene: METAP1 was set to RED gene: METAP1 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: Biallelic nonsense (NMD-predicted) variant identified in 4 sibs in a consanguineous family with dev delay. One sib had bilateral clinodactyly of her toes and her left 3rd finger, other sibs were not dysmorphic. Rated red due to single consanguineous family. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.6164 | SQOR |
Zornitza Stark gene: SQOR was added gene: SQOR was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SQOR was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SQOR were set to 32160317 Phenotypes for gene: SQOR were set to Leigh-like disorder Review for gene: SQOR was set to AMBER Added comment: Two unrelated families and some functional data. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.6162 | HYAL2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: HYAL2 was added gene: HYAL2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: HYAL2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: HYAL2 were set to 28081210; 23172227; 26515055 Phenotypes for gene: HYAL2 were set to Cleft lip and palate; cor triatriatum; congenital cardiac malformations Review for gene: HYAL2 was set to AMBER Added comment: 2 unrelated consanguineous extended families (Amish and Arab) with an orofacial clefting phenotype with cardiac anomalies. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.6149 | NOS1AP |
Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: NOS1AP: Added comment: Nephrotic syndrome type 22 (NPHS22) is an autosomal recessive renal disease characterized by onset of progressive kidney dysfunction in infancy. Affected individuals usually present with edema associated with hypoproteinemia, proteinuria, and microscopic hematuria. Renal biopsy shows effacement of the podocyte foot processes, glomerulosclerosis, and thickening of the glomerular basement membrane. The disease is steroid-resistant and progressive, resulting in end-stage renal disease usually necessitating kidney transplant. Two unrelated families and animal model. No PMID yet: https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/7/1/eabe1386; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed phenotypes: Nephrotic syndrome, type 22, MIM# 619155; Changed mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal |
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| Mendeliome v0.6147 | DCT |
Zornitza Stark gene: DCT was added gene: DCT was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: DCT was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: DCT were set to 33100333 Phenotypes for gene: DCT were set to Oculocutaneous albinism, type VIII, MIM# 619165 Review for gene: DCT was set to GREEN Added comment: Two unrelated families reported. Functional data including mouse model. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.6141 | NDUFC2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: NDUFC2 was added gene: NDUFC2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: NDUFC2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: NDUFC2 were set to 32969598 Phenotypes for gene: NDUFC2 were set to Mitochondrial complex I deficiency, nuclear type 36, MIM# 619170 Review for gene: NDUFC2 was set to AMBER Added comment: Mitochondrial complex I deficiency nuclear type 36 (MC1DN36) is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder characterized by global developmental delay, hypotonia, and failure to thrive apparent from infancy or early childhood. Affected individuals usually do not acquire ambulation, show progressive spasticity, and have impaired intellectual development with absent speech. More variable features may include pale optic discs, poor eye contact, seizures, and congenital heart defects. Laboratory studies show increased serum lactate; metabolic acidosis may occur during stress or infection. Brain imaging shows T2-weighted abnormalities in the basal ganglia and brainstem, consistent with a clinical diagnosis of Leigh syndrome. Two unrelated families reported, some functional data. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.6132 | DLG1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: DLG1 was added gene: DLG1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: DLG1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: DLG1 were set to 28926086 Phenotypes for gene: DLG1 were set to Non-syndromic cleft lip and palate Review for gene: DLG1 was set to RED Added comment: GWAS study PMID: 28926086 found genome-wide significance for several SNPs within this gene, identifying it as a candidate gene for non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.6131 | PLEKHA7 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: PLEKHA7 were changed from to Cleft lip and palate | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.6127 | PLEKHA7 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: PLEKHA7: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 29805042; Phenotypes: Cleft lip and palate; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.6107 | CREB3L3 |
Bryony Thompson gene: CREB3L3 was added gene: CREB3L3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: CREB3L3 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: CREB3L3 were set to 32580631; 29954705; 27982131; 27291420; 26427795; 21666694 Phenotypes for gene: CREB3L3 were set to Hyperlipidaemia; hypertriglyceridemia Review for gene: CREB3L3 was set to AMBER Added comment: PMID: 26427795 - a loss of function variant (c.359delG p.K120fsX20) was identified in 2 affected adult siblings and a 13 yo normotriglyceridemic daughter of one of the siblings. PMID: 21666694 - Lipoprotein profiles of the families of 4 individuals with CREB3L3 nonsense mutations showed a significantly elevated mean plasma TG level in 11 mutation carriers compared with 5 non-carrier first-degree relatives (9.67 ± 4.70 vs. 1.66 ± 0.55 mM, P = 0.021, Wilcoxon test). 3 of those families have the same variant - Lys245GlufsTer130, which has 126 (281,946 alleles) hets in gnomAD v2.1. PMID: 32580631 - case-control analysis of nonmonogenic severe hypertriglyceridemia cases (N=265) vs normolipidemic controls (N=477), identified 5 cases with LoF variants (3 of whom had the Lys245GlufsTer130 frameshift) and none in controls. OR 20.2 (95% CI 1.11–366.1) p = 0.002, adjusted p = 0.03. The frequency of Lys245GlufsTer130 is higher than expected for a dominant disorder, but other loss of function variants have been identified. The gene may be associated with variable penetrance. There are multiple supporting null mouse models with hyperlipidaemia. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.6102 | CBY1 |
Bryony Thompson gene: CBY1 was added gene: CBY1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: CBY1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: CBY1 were set to 33131181; 25103236; 25220153 Phenotypes for gene: CBY1 were set to intellectual disability; cerebellar ataxia; molar tooth sign; polydactyly; Joubert syndrome Review for gene: CBY1 was set to GREEN Added comment: Three cases in two unrelated consanguineous families with homozygous loss of function variants. Multiple null model organisms recapitulate the human phenotype: Null mouse model had cystic kidneys, a phenotype common to ciliopathies. Reducing Cby levels in Xenopus laevis model reduced the density of multiciliated cells, the number of basal bodies per multiciliated cell, and the numbers of neural tube primary cilia; it also led to abnormal development of the neural crest, central nervous system, and pronephros. Depletion of cby1 in zebrafish results in ciliopathy‐related phenotypes. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.6100 | ZMYND15 |
Bryony Thompson gene: ZMYND15 was added gene: ZMYND15 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ZMYND15 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: ZMYND15 were set to 24431330; 33169450; 20675388 Phenotypes for gene: ZMYND15 were set to Severe oligozoospermia Review for gene: ZMYND15 was set to GREEN Added comment: 4 unrelated consanguineous cases with homozygous loss of function variants. Zmynd15-null male mice display reduced testis weight and azoospermia Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.6095 | TMEM251 |
Bryony Thompson gene: TMEM251 was added gene: TMEM251 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: TMEM251 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: TMEM251 were set to 33252156 Phenotypes for gene: TMEM251 were set to Dysostosis multiplex‐like skeletal dysplasia; severe short stature Review for gene: TMEM251 was set to AMBER Added comment: Two unrelated consanguineous families with homozygous variants (c.133C>T; p.Arg45Trp and c.215dupA; p.Tyr72Ter), with co-segregation data in one family. Preliminary in vitro functional assays conducted - Tmem251 knockdown by small interfering RNA induced dedifferentiation of rat primary chondrocytes. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.6035 | SCAMP5 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: SCAMP5: Added comment: PMID 33390987: Four unrelated individuals reported with same de novo missense variant, p. Gly180Trp. The onset age of seizures was ranged from 6 to 15 months. Patients had different types of seizures, including focal seizures, generalized tonic-clonic seizures and tonic seizure. One patient showed typical autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptoms. Electroencephalogram (EEG) findings presented as focal or multifocal discharges, sometimes spreading to generalization. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities were present in each patient. Severe intellectual disability and language and motor developmental disorders were found in our patients, with all patients having poor language development and were nonverbal at last follow-up. All but one of the patients could walk independently in childhood, but the ability to walk independently in one patient had deteriorated with age. All patients had abnormal neurological exam findings, mostly signs of extrapyramidal system involvement. Dysmorphic features were found in 2/4 patients, mainly in the face and trunk.; Changed publications: 31439720, 33390987 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.6028 | CYLD | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: CYLD were changed from Brooke-Spiegler syndrome, 605041; Cylindromatosis, familial, 132700; Trichoepithelioma, multiple familial, 1, 601606; Frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis to Brooke-Spiegler syndrome, 605041; Cylindromatosis, familial, 132700; Trichoepithelioma, multiple familial, 1, 601606; Frontotemporal dementia and/or amytrophic lateral sclerosis 8, MIM# 619132 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.6027 | CYLD | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: CYLD: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Frontotemporal dementia and/or amytrophic lateral sclerosis 8, MIM# 619132; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.6022 | BCS1L | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: BCS1L: Changed phenotypes: Bjornstad syndrome, MIM# 262000, Leigh syndrome, MIM# 256000, BCS1L-related mitochondrial disease | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.6022 | MRPS22 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: MRPS22 were changed from to Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 5 MIM#611719; Ovarian dysgenesis 7 MIM#618117 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.6019 | MRPS22 | Elena Savva reviewed gene: MRPS22: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID: 29566152; Phenotypes: Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 5 MIM#611719, Ovarian dysgenesis 7 MIM#618117; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.6018 | CELF2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: CELF2 was added gene: CELF2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: CELF2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: CELF2 were set to 33131106 Phenotypes for gene: CELF2 were set to Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy Review for gene: CELF2 was set to GREEN Added comment: Five unrelated individuals reported. Four with de novo variants, and one inherited from a mosaic mother. Notably, all identified variants, except for c.272‐1G>C, were clustered within 20 amino acid residues of the C‐terminus, which might be a nuclear localization signal. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.6016 | FGF13 |
Zornitza Stark gene: FGF13 was added gene: FGF13 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: FGF13 was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females Publications for gene: FGF13 were set to 33245860 Phenotypes for gene: FGF13 were set to Intellectual disability; epilepsy Mode of pathogenicity for gene: FGF13 was set to Other Review for gene: FGF13 was set to GREEN Added comment: Two sibling pairs and three unrelated males reported who presented in infancy with intractable focal seizures and severe developmental delay. The variants were located in the N-terminal domain of the A isoform of FGF13/FHF2 (FHF2A). The X-linked FHF2 gene (also known as FGF13) has alternative first exons which produce multiple protein isoforms that differ in their N-terminal sequence. The variants were located at highly conserved residues in the FHF2A inactivation particle that competes with the intrinsic fast inactivation mechanism of Nav channels. Functional characterization of mutant FHF2A co-expressed with wild-type Nav1.6 (SCN8A) revealed that mutant FHF2A proteins lost the ability to induce rapid-onset, long-term blockade of the channel while retaining pro-excitatory properties. These gain-of-function effects are likely to increase neuronal excitability consistent with the epileptic potential of FHF2 variants. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.6014 | SCUBE3 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Eighteen affected individuals from nine unrelated families reported with a consistent phenotype characterised by reduced growth, skeletal features, distinctive craniofacial appearance, and dental anomalies. Sources: Literature; to: Eighteen affected individuals from nine unrelated families reported with a consistent phenotype characterised by reduced growth, skeletal features, distinctive craniofacial appearance, and dental anomalies. Mouse model recapitulated phenotype. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.6014 | SCUBE3 |
Zornitza Stark gene: SCUBE3 was added gene: SCUBE3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SCUBE3 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SCUBE3 were set to 33308444 Phenotypes for gene: SCUBE3 were set to Short stature; skeletal abnormalities; craniofacial abnormalities; dental anomalies Review for gene: SCUBE3 was set to GREEN Added comment: Eighteen affected individuals from nine unrelated families reported with a consistent phenotype characterised by reduced growth, skeletal features, distinctive craniofacial appearance, and dental anomalies. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.6012 | UBR7 |
Zornitza Stark gene: UBR7 was added gene: UBR7 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: UBR7 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: UBR7 were set to 33340455 Phenotypes for gene: UBR7 were set to Intellectual disability; epilepsy; hypothyroidism; congenital anomalies; dysmorphic features Review for gene: UBR7 was set to GREEN Added comment: Seven individuals from 6 unrelated families. All had developmental delay, and all males had urogenital anomalies, namely cryptorchidism in 5/6 and small penis in 1/6. Six individuals had seizures and hypotonia. Hypothyroidism was present in 4/7 individuals, and ptosis was noted in 6/7 individuals. Five individuals exhibited cardiac abnormalities: two had ventricular septal defect, one had atrial septal defect, one had a patent ductus arteriosus requiring surgery, and the other had a patent ductus arteriosus and a patent foramen ovale that both closed spontaneously. Five individuals had short stature (height < 3rd percentile). Physical examination revealed various dysmorphic features, including prominent forehead (3/7), hypertelorism (4/7), telecanthus (1/7), epicanthus(1/7), downslanting palpebral fissures (3/7), thick eyebrow (1/7), low-set ears (3/7), long philtrum (2/7), unilateral single transverse palmar crease (1/7), and hypertrichosis (1/7). Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.5990 | TACSTD2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: TACSTD2 were changed from to Corneal dystrophy, gelatinous drop-like, MIM# 204870 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5987 | TACSTD2 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: TACSTD2: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 10192395, 12107443, 12614764, 31666974, 31534795; Phenotypes: Corneal dystrophy, gelatinous drop-like, MIM# 204870; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5914 | RPL3L |
Elena Savva gene: RPL3L was added gene: RPL3L was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: RPL3L was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: RPL3L were set to PMID: 32514796; 32870709 Phenotypes for gene: RPL3L were set to Neonatal dilated cardiomyopathy Review for gene: RPL3L was set to GREEN Added comment: PMID: 32514796 - 5 hom/chet individuals from three independent families who presented with severe neonatal dilated cardiomyopathy. Unaffected sibs were either carriers of a single variant or homozygous wildtype. PMID: 32870709 - 1 hom patient w/ neonatal DCM Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.5914 | FBRSL1 |
Elena Savva gene: FBRSL1 was added gene: FBRSL1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: FBRSL1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Publications for gene: FBRSL1 were set to PMID: 32424618 Phenotypes for gene: FBRSL1 were set to Malformation and intellectual disability syndrome Review for gene: FBRSL1 was set to GREEN Added comment: Three children with de novo PTCs that escape NMD, and an overlapping syndromic phenotype with respiratory insufficiency, postnatal growth restriction, microcephaly, global developmental delay and other malformations. 2/3 had heart defects, cleft palate and hearing impairement. Supported by Xenopus oocyte functional studies Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.5903 | HSD17B10 | Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: HSD17B10 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5902 | HSD17B10 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: HSD17B10: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: HSD10 mitochondrial disease, MIM# 300438; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5854 | PRSS56 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: PRSS56 were changed from to Microphthalmia, isolated 6, MIM# 613517 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5851 | PRSS56 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: PRSS56: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 21532570, 23127749, 31992737; Phenotypes: Microphthalmia, isolated 6, MIM# 613517; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5844 | FZD5 |
Zornitza Stark gene: FZD5 was added gene: FZD5 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: FZD5 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: FZD5 were set to 32737437; 26908622 Phenotypes for gene: FZD5 were set to Coloboma Review for gene: FZD5 was set to GREEN Added comment: Four unrelated families reported. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.5843 | STRA6 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: STRA6 were changed from to Microphthalmia, isolated, with coloboma 8, MIM# 601186; Microphthalmia, syndromic 9, MIM# 601186 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5840 | STRA6 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: STRA6: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 17273977, 17503335, 19213032, 26373900, 30880327, 26373900, 25457163; Phenotypes: Microphthalmia, isolated, with coloboma 8, MIM# 601186, Microphthalmia, syndromic 9, MIM# 601186; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5830 | RAX | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: RAX were changed from Microphthalmia, isolated 3, MIM# 611038 to Microphthalmia, isolated 3, MIM# 611038 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5829 | RAX | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: RAX were changed from to Microphthalmia, isolated 3, MIM# 611038 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5826 | RAX | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: RAX: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 14662654, 18783408, 30811539, 24033328, 22524605; Phenotypes: Microphthalmia, isolated 3, MIM# 611038; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5813 | MFRP | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: MFRP were changed from to Microphthalmia, isolated 5, MIM# 611040 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5810 | MFRP | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: MFRP: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 17167404, 18554571, 20361016; Phenotypes: Microphthalmia, isolated 5, MIM# 611040; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5807 | MAB21L2 | Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: More than 7 unrelated families reported with microphthalmia/anophthalmia/coloboma and rhizomelia. Two individuals with the c.151C > T (p.Arg51Cys) variant also had ID. One family reported with eye phenotype and bi-allelic missense variants, LIMITED evidence for bi-allelic disease. Three different animal models support gene-disease association.; to: More than 7 unrelated families reported with microphthalmia/anophthalmia/coloboma and rhizomelia. Several individuals with the c.151C > T (p.Arg51Cys) variant also had ID. One family reported with eye phenotype and bi-allelic missense variants, LIMITED evidence for bi-allelic disease. Three different animal models support gene-disease association. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5799 | LOXL3 |
Zornitza Stark gene: LOXL3 was added gene: LOXL3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: LOXL3 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: LOXL3 were set to 30362103; 25663169 Phenotypes for gene: LOXL3 were set to Stickler syndrome Review for gene: LOXL3 was set to AMBER Added comment: Two unrelated families reported with homozygous missense variants, mouse model supports gene-disease association. Sources: Expert Review |
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| Mendeliome v0.5798 | RBP4 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: RBP4 were changed from to Microphthalmia, isolated, with coloboma 10 MIM#616428; Retinal dystrophy, iris coloboma, and comedogenic acne syndrome MIM#615147 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5795 | RBP4 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: RBP4: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 25910211, 29178648, 23189188, 9888420, 32323592; Phenotypes: Microphthalmia, isolated, with coloboma 10 MIM#616428, Retinal dystrophy, iris coloboma, and comedogenic acne syndrome MIM#615147; Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5791 | VSX2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: VSX2 were changed from to Microphthalmia with coloboma 3, MIM# 610092; Microphthalmia, isolated 2, MIM# 610093 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5788 | VSX2 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: VSX2: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 15257456, 17661825, 31884615, 28121235, 27301076, 24033328; Phenotypes: Microphthalmia with coloboma 3, MIM# 610092, Microphthalmia, isolated 2, MIM# 610093; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5785 | ALDH1A3 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ALDH1A3 were changed from to Microphthalmia, isolated 8, MIM# 615113 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5782 | ALDH1A3 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: ALDH1A3: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 23312594, 23591992, 30200890, 28890889, 26873617, 24777706; Phenotypes: Microphthalmia, isolated 8, MIM# 615113; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5769 | TUSC3 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: TUSC3 were changed from to Mental retardation, autosomal recessive 7, MIM# 611093, MONDO:0012615; TUSC3-CDG (Disorders of protein N-glycosylation) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5766 | TUSC3 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: TUSC3: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 18452889, 18455129, 21739581, 27148795, 31606977; Phenotypes: Mental retardation, autosomal recessive 7, MIM# 611093, MONDO:0012615, TUSC3-CDG (Disorders of protein N-glycosylation); Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5766 | TMEM165 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: TMEM165 were changed from to Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type IIk, MIM# 614727; TMEM165-CDG, MONDO:0013870 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5763 | TMEM165 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: TMEM165: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 22683087, 28323990, 27401145, 27008884, 26238249, 25609749; Phenotypes: Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type IIk, MIM# 614727, TMEM165-CDG, MONDO:0013870; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5763 | SLC35D1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: SLC35D1 were changed from Schneckenbecken dysplasia, MIM 269250 to Schneckenbecken dysplasia, MIM 269250, MONDO:0010013; O-xylosyl/N-acetylgalactosaminylglycan synthesis deficiencies (Disorders of protein O-glycosylation) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5761 | SLC35D1 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: SLC35D1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 17952091, 19508970, 31423530; Phenotypes: Schneckenbecken dysplasia 269250, O-xylosyl/N-acetylgalactosaminylglycan synthesis deficiencies (Disorders of protein O-glycosylation); Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5761 | SLC35C1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: SLC35C1 were changed from to Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type IIc, MIM# 266265, MONDO:0009953 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5758 | SLC35C1 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: SLC35C1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 11326279, 12116250, 33098347, 32313197, 24403049; Phenotypes: Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type IIc, MIM# 266265, MONDO:0009953; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5756 | GNE | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: GNE were changed from to Nonaka myopathy 605820; Sialuria MIM#269921; ADUDP-GlcNAc epimerase/kinase deficiency (Disorders of multiple glycosylation and other glycosylation pathways) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5753 | GNE | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: GNE: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 12177386, 12473753, 32053088, 29923088, 10356312, 11326336, 11486897, 27142465; Phenotypes: Nonaka myopathy 605820, Sialuria MIM#269921, ADUDP-GlcNAc epimerase/kinase deficiency (Disorders of multiple glycosylation and other glycosylation pathways); Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5751 | CHSY1 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: CHSY1: Changed phenotypes: Temtamy preaxial brachydactyly syndrome, MIM# 605282, MONDO:0011533, CHSY1-CDG (Disorders of protein O-glycosylation, O-mannosylglycan synthesis deficiencies) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5751 | CHSY1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: CHSY1 were changed from to Temtamy preaxial brachydactyly syndrome, MIM# 605282, MONDO:0011533; CHSY1-CDG (Disorders of protein O-glycosylation, O-mannosylglycan synthesis deficiencies) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5748 | CHSY1 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: CHSY1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 21129728, 21129727, 24269551; Phenotypes: VTemtamy preaxial brachydactyly syndrome, MIM# 605282, MONDO:0011533, CHSY1-CDG (Disorders of protein O-glycosylation, O-mannosylglycan synthesis deficiencies); Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5748 | DHDDS | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: DHDDS were changed from to Developmental delay and seizures with or without movement abnormalities, MIM#617836; Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type 1bb, MIM# 613861 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5745 | DHDDS | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: DHDDS: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 27343064, 29100083, 21295283; Phenotypes: Developmental delay and seizures with or without movement abnormalities, MIM#617836, Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type 1bb, MIM# 613861; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5739 | TBL1X |
Elena Savva gene: TBL1X was added gene: TBL1X was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: TBL1X was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) Publications for gene: TBL1X were set to PMID: 27603907 Phenotypes for gene: TBL1X were set to Hypothyroidism, congenital, nongoitrous, 8 MIM#301033 Review for gene: TBL1X was set to GREEN Added comment: PMID: 27603907 - mostly males but also a female diagnosed with central hypothyroidism. 6 families reported (5/6 missense, 1/6 splice). Supported by functional studies ->LOF All mutations were located in the highly conserved WD40-repeat domains. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.5739 | ST3GAL5 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ST3GAL5 were changed from to Salt and pepper developmental regression syndrome 609056; GM3 synthase deficiency, MONDO:0018274; Lactosylceramide alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase deficiency (Disorders of glycosphingolipid and glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor glycosylation) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5736 | ST3GAL5 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: ST3GAL5: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 23436467, 22990144, 15502825, 27232954, 30691927, 30688114, 30576498; Phenotypes: Salt and pepper developmental regression syndrome 609056, GM3 synthase deficiency, MONDO:0018274, Lactosylceramide alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase deficiency (Disorders of glycosphingolipid and glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor glycosylation); Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5733 | RFT1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: RFT1 were changed from to Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type In, MIM# 612015; RFT1-CDG, MONDO:0012783 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5730 | RFT1 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: RFT1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 18313027, 19701946, 19856127, 23111317, 30071302, 29923091, 27927990, 26892341; Phenotypes: Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type In, MIM# 612015, RFT1-CDG, MONDO:0012783; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5727 | MGAT2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: MGAT2 were changed from to Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type IIa, MIM# 212066; MGAT2-CDG, MONDO:0008908 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5724 | MGAT2 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: MGAT2: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 8808595, 11228641, 22105986, 33044030, 31420886; Phenotypes: Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type IIa, MIM# 212066, MGAT2-CDG, MONDO:0008908; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5724 | MPI | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: MPI were changed from to Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Ib, MIM# 602579; MPI-CDG MONDO:0011257 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5721 | MPI | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: MPI: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 12414827, 9585601, 10980531, 33098580, 33204592, 32905087, 32266963, 30242110; Phenotypes: Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Ib, MIM# 602579, MPI-CDG MONDO:0011257; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5718 | PGM3 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Phosphoglucomutase 3 (PGM3) protein catalyzes the conversion of N-acetyl-d-glucosamine-6-phosphate (GlcNAc-6-P) to N-acetyl-d-glucosamine-1-phosphate (GlcNAc-1-P), which is required for the synthesis of uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) an important precursor for protein glycosylation. Bi-allelic variants in this gene are associated with a primary immunodeficiency syndrome characterised by onset of recurrent infections, usually respiratory or cutaneous, in early childhood. Immune workup usually shows neutropenia, lymphopenia, eosinophilia, and increased serum IgE or IgA. Neutrophil chemotactic defects have also been reported. Infectious agents include bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Many patients develop atopic dermatitis, eczema, and other signs of autoinflammation. Affected individuals may also show developmental delay or cognitive impairment of varying severity. More than 10 unrelated families reported.; to: Phosphoglucomutase 3 (PGM3) protein catalyzes the conversion of N-acetyl-d-glucosamine-6-phosphate (GlcNAc-6-P) to N-acetyl-d-glucosamine-1-phosphate (GlcNAc-1-P), which is required for the synthesis of uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) an important precursor for protein glycosylation. Bi-allelic variants in this gene are associated with a primary immunodeficiency syndrome characterised by onset of recurrent infections, usually respiratory or cutaneous, in early childhood. Immune workup usually shows neutropenia, lymphopenia, eosinophilia, and increased serum IgE or IgA. Neutrophil chemotactic defects have also been reported. Infectious agents include bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Many patients develop atopic dermatitis, eczema, and other signs of autoinflammation. Affected individuals may also show developmental delay or cognitive impairment of varying severity. More than 10 unrelated families reported. |
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| Mendeliome v0.5690 | MPDU1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: MPDU1 were changed from to Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type If, MIM# 609180; MPDU1-CDG, MONDO:0012211 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5687 | MPDU1 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: MPDU1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 11733564, 11733556, 31741824, 29721919; Phenotypes: Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type If, MIM# 609180, MPDU1-CDG, MONDO:0012211; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5687 | DPAGT1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: DPAGT1 were changed from to Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Ij, MIM# 608093; DPAGT1-CDG MONDO:0011964; Myasthenic syndrome, congenital, 13, with tubular aggregates, MIM# 614750 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5684 | DPAGT1 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Type I CDG. More than 20 unrelated families reported. Most affected individuals have a very severe disease course, where common findings are pronounced muscular hypotonia, intractable epilepsy, global developmental delay/intellectual disability, and early death. Additional features that may be observed include apnoea and respiratory deficiency, cataracts, joint contractures, vermian hypoplasia, dysmorphic features (esotropia, arched palate, micrognathia, finger clinodactyly, single flexion creases) and feeding difficulties. Myasthenic syndrome, congenital, 13, with tubular aggregates, MIM 614750 is a milder allelic disorder.; to: Type I CDG. More than 20 unrelated families reported. Most affected individuals have a very severe disease course, where common findings are pronounced muscular hypotonia, intractable epilepsy, global developmental delay/intellectual disability, and early death. Additional features that may be observed include apnoea and respiratory deficiency, cataracts, joint contractures, vermian hypoplasia, dysmorphic features (esotropia, arched palate, micrognathia, finger clinodactyly, single flexion creases) and feeding difficulties. Myasthenic syndrome, congenital, 13, with tubular aggregates, MIM 614750 is a milder allelic disorder. More than 5 unrelated families reported with this presentation. |
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| Mendeliome v0.5684 | DPAGT1 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: DPAGT1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 12872255, 22492991, 22304930, 31153949, 30653653, 30117111; Phenotypes: Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Ij, MIM# 608093, DPAGT1-CDG MONDO:0011964, Myasthenic syndrome, congenital, 13, with tubular aggregates, MIM# 614750; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5684 | DOLK | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: DOLK were changed from to DK1-CDG, MONDO:0012556; Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Im, MIM# 610768 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5681 | DOLK | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: DOLK: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 17273964, 22242004, 23890587, 30653653, 28816422, 24144945; Phenotypes: DK1-CDG, MONDO:0012556, Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Im, MIM# 610768; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5671 | MYH6 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: MYH6 were changed from to Atrial septal defect 3 MIM#614089; Congenital heart disease; Cardiomyopathy, dilated, 1EE MIM#613252; Cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic, 14 MIM#613251; {Sick sinus syndrome 3} MIM#614090 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5668 | MYH6 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: MYH6: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 32656206, 31638415, 29969989, 29536580, 29332214, 30681346; Phenotypes: Atrial septal defect 3 MIM#614089, Congenital heart disease, Cardiomyopathy, dilated, 1EE MIM#613252, Cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic, 14 MIM#613251, {Sick sinus syndrome 3} MIM#614090; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5665 | MYH6 | Elena Savva reviewed gene: MYH6: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Atrial septal defect 3 MIM#614089, Cardiomyopathy, dilated, 1EE MIM#613252, Cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic, 14 MIM#613251, {Sick sinus syndrome 3} MIM#614090; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5665 | COG6 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: COG6 were changed from to Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type IIl, MIM# 614576 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5662 | COG6 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: COG6: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 20605848, 23430903, 26260076, 32905044, 32683677, 31420886; Phenotypes: Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type IIl, MIM# 614576; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5662 | COG5 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: COG5 were changed from to Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type IIi, MIM# 613612 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5659 | COG5 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: COG5: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 23228021, 31572517, 32174980; Phenotypes: Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type IIi, MIM# 613612; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5648 | PANX1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: PANX1 was added gene: PANX1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: PANX1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: PANX1 were set to 30918116; 32838805 Phenotypes for gene: PANX1 were set to Oocyte maturation defect 7, MIM# 618550 Review for gene: PANX1 was set to AMBER Added comment: Two unrelated families, some functional data. Clinical presentation is with infertility. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.5642 | PATL2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: PATL2 was added gene: PATL2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: PATL2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: PATL2 were set to 28965844; 28965849; 32048119; 30765866 Phenotypes for gene: PATL2 were set to Oocyte maturation defect 4, MIM# 617743 Review for gene: PATL2 was set to GREEN Added comment: More than 5 unrelated families reported, presentation is with infertility. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.5630 | DIAPH2 | Bryony Thompson reviewed gene: DIAPH2: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 9497258, 30689869, 26175800, 11129329; Phenotypes: ?Premature ovarian failure 2A MIM#300511; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5615 | ZP1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: ZP1 was added gene: ZP1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: ZP1 was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: ZP1 were set to 24670168; 30810869; 32573113; 33272616 Phenotypes for gene: ZP1 were set to Oocyte maturation defect 1, MIM# 615774 Review for gene: ZP1 was set to GREEN Added comment: Multiple unrelated individuals reported, presents as primary infertility. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.5610 | CCDC32 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: CCDC32 were changed from craniofacial, cardiac and neurodevelopmental anomalies to Cardiofacioneurodevelopmental syndrome (CFNDS), MIM#619123; Craniofacial, cardiac, laterality and neurodevelopmental anomalies | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5609 | CCDC32 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: CCDC32: Changed rating: GREEN; Changed phenotypes: Cardiofacioneurodevelopmental syndrome (CFNDS), MIM#619123, Craniofacial, cardiac, laterality and neurodevelopmental anomalies; Changed mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5607 | PPIL1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: PPIL1 was added gene: PPIL1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: PPIL1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: PPIL1 were set to 33220177 Phenotypes for gene: PPIL1 were set to Pontocerebellar hypoplasia; microcephaly; seizures Review for gene: PPIL1 was set to GREEN Added comment: 17 individuals from 9 unrelated families reported with bi-allelic variants in the gene and PCH, microcephaly, hypotonia, seizures, severe DD/ID. Mouse models support gene-disease association. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.5600 | CANVAS_ACAGG |
Bryony Thompson STR: CANVAS_ACAGG was added STR: CANVAS_ACAGG was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for STR: CANVAS_ACAGG was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for STR: CANVAS_ACAGG were set to 33103729 Phenotypes for STR: CANVAS_ACAGG were set to Cerebellar ataxia, neuropathy, and vestibular areflexia syndrome; fasciculations; elevated serum creatine kinase levels; denervation Review for STR: CANVAS_ACAGG was set to AMBER Added comment: A novel RFC1 repeat expansion motif, (ACAGG)exp, identified in three affected individuals from 2 families in an Asian-Pacific cohort for CANVAS. Southern blot was used to identify the repeat was ~1000kb in one of the cases, equivalent to ~1000 repeats. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.5598 | CANVAS |
Bryony Thompson STR: CANVAS was added STR: CANVAS was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for STR: CANVAS was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for STR: CANVAS were set to 30926972; 32851396 Phenotypes for STR: CANVAS were set to Cerebellar ataxia, neuropathy, and vestibular areflexia syndrome MIM#614575 Review for STR: CANVAS was set to GREEN STR: CANVAS was marked as clinically relevant Added comment: Simple tandem repeat (AAAAG)11 replaced with (AAGGG)n in intron 2 of RFC1. Loss of function is not the mechanism of disease. Maori population-specific CANVAS configuration (AAAGG)10-25(AAGGG)exp. (AAAGG)n repeat alone is not pathogenic. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.5596 | GDF11 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: GDF11 were changed from Cleft lip and palate to Vertebral hypersegmentation and orofacial anomalies (VHO), MIM#619122 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5590 | LMX1B | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: LMX1B were changed from Nail-patella syndrome (MIM#161200), MONDO:0008061; LMX1B-related nephropathy to Nail-patella syndrome (MIM#161200), MONDO:0008061; LMX1B-related nephropathy; Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis-10 (FSGS10), MIM#256020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5589 | LMX1B | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: LMX1B: Changed phenotypes: Nail-patella syndrome (MIM#161200), MONDO:0008061, LMX1B-related nephropathy, Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis-10 (FSGS10), MIM#256020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5579 | EMC10 |
Zornitza Stark gene: EMC10 was added gene: EMC10 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: EMC10 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: EMC10 were set to 32869858 Phenotypes for gene: EMC10 were set to Intellectual disability Review for gene: EMC10 was set to RED Added comment: Homozygous variants of EMC1 are associated with GDD, scoliosis, and cerebellar atrophy, indicating the relevance of this pathway for neurogenetic disorders. One Saudi family with 2 affected individuals with mild ID, speech delay, and GDD. WES and Sanger sequencing revealed a homozygous splice acceptor site variant (c.679‐1G>A) in EMC10 . Variant segregated within the family. RT‐qPCR showed a substantial decrease in the relative EMC10 gene expression in the patients. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.5576 | CFAP52 |
Zornitza Stark gene: CFAP52 was added gene: CFAP52 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: CFAP52 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: CFAP52 were set to 25469542; 33139725 Phenotypes for gene: CFAP52 were set to Heterotaxy Review for gene: CFAP52 was set to GREEN Added comment: Five unrelated families and functional data. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.5575 | CFAP45 |
Zornitza Stark gene: CFAP45 was added gene: CFAP45 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: CFAP45 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: CFAP45 were set to 33139725 Phenotypes for gene: CFAP45 were set to Situs inversus; asthenospermia Review for gene: CFAP45 was set to GREEN Added comment: Three unrelated individuals reported with bi-alleic LOF variants, mouse model recapitulated phenotype. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.5572 | CLCN6 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: CLCN6: Added comment: Three unrelated families reported with recurrent GOF de novo c.1658A>G (p.Tyr553Cys) and severe developmental delay with pronounced generalized hypotonia, respiratory insufficiency, and variable neurodegeneration and diffusion restriction in cerebral peduncles, midbrain, and/or brainstem in MRI scans.; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed publications: 25794116, 21107136, 33217309; Changed phenotypes: Neurodegeneration, Benign partial epilepsy, febrile seizures, NCL; Changed mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5572 | GDF6 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: GDF6 were changed from Klippel-Feil syndrome 1, autosomal dominant 118100; Leber congenital amaurosis 17 615360; Microphthalmia with coloboma 6, digenic 613703; Microphthalmia, isolated 4 613094; Multiple synostoses syndrome 4 617898 to Klippel-Feil syndrome 1, autosomal dominant 118100; Leber congenital amaurosis 17 615360; Microphthalmia with coloboma 6, digenic 613703; Microphthalmia, isolated 4 613094; Multiple synostoses syndrome 4 617898; CAKUT | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5571 | GDF6 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: GDF6 were changed from to Klippel-Feil syndrome 1, autosomal dominant 118100; Leber congenital amaurosis 17 615360; Microphthalmia with coloboma 6, digenic 613703; Microphthalmia, isolated 4 613094; Multiple synostoses syndrome 4 617898 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5567 | GDF6 | Belinda Chong reviewed gene: GDF6: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID: 32737436; Phenotypes: Klippel-Feil syndrome 1, autosomal dominant 118100, Leber congenital amaurosis 17 615360, Microphthalmia with coloboma 6, digenic 613703, Microphthalmia, isolated 4 613094, Multiple synostoses syndrome 4 617898; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5567 | VPS4A |
Kristin Rigbye changed review comment from: PMID: 33186543 - 2x de novo hetorozygous missense variants in the AAA (large ATPase) domain. 1x homozygous missense in the MIT domain (milder phenotype and unaffected parents). Demonstrated defective CD71 trafficking in all 3 patients. PMID: 33186545 - 6x probands with de novo missense variants in the AAA domain. 5 of the variants were at amino acid position 284 (changes to Trp and Gly). Demonstrated that the variants had a dominant-negative effect on VPS4A function. "The six probands with de novo substitutions affecting Glu206 or Arg284 had a consistent phenotype characterized by severe DD, profound ID, and dystonia. Children were very delayed in establishing head control and none achieved independent walking. Other common findings were cerebellar hypoplasia (five individuals out of six, the other showing uncharacterized severe cerebral atrophy) with a variable degree of corpus callosum hypoplasia. One individual also had bilateral polymicrogyria. Epilepsy was present in three and dystonia in five subjects. Eye involvement was also a common finding, including congenital cataract, retinal dystrophy, and in one case congenital Leber amaurosis. Four individuals were diagnosed with hepatosplenomegaly and/or steatosis. Three subjects had anemia, which was characterized as dyserythropoietic in two. Severe feeding difficulties were present in four individuals, requiring assisted feeding in three. Two had sensorineural deafness. Severe growth retardation, generally for all parameters, was present in most cases. Notably, severe microcephaly (typically with Z scores < −5) was universal. Overall, the disorder seems to have a poor prognosis as two affected individuals died in childhood or early adult life." Sources: Literature; to: PMID: 33186543 - 2x de novo hetorozygous missense variants in the AAA (large ATPase) domain. 1x homozygous missense in the MIT domain (milder phenotype and unaffected parents - possibly just a simple LoF mechanism for AR inheritance). Demonstrated defective CD71 trafficking in all 3 patients. PMID: 33186545 - 6x probands with de novo missense variants in the AAA domain. 5 of the variants were at amino acid position 284 (changes to Trp and Gly). Demonstrated that the variants had a dominant-negative effect on VPS4A function. "The six probands with de novo substitutions affecting Glu206 or Arg284 had a consistent phenotype characterized by severe DD, profound ID, and dystonia. Children were very delayed in establishing head control and none achieved independent walking. Other common findings were cerebellar hypoplasia (five individuals out of six, the other showing uncharacterized severe cerebral atrophy) with a variable degree of corpus callosum hypoplasia. One individual also had bilateral polymicrogyria. Epilepsy was present in three and dystonia in five subjects. Eye involvement was also a common finding, including congenital cataract, retinal dystrophy, and in one case congenital Leber amaurosis. Four individuals were diagnosed with hepatosplenomegaly and/or steatosis. Three subjects had anemia, which was characterized as dyserythropoietic in two. Severe feeding difficulties were present in four individuals, requiring assisted feeding in three. Two had sensorineural deafness. Severe growth retardation, generally for all parameters, was present in most cases. Notably, severe microcephaly (typically with Z scores < −5) was universal. Overall, the disorder seems to have a poor prognosis as two affected individuals died in childhood or early adult life." |
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| Mendeliome v0.5567 | VPS4A |
Elena Savva changed review comment from: Comment when marking as ready: PMID: 33186543 - 2x de novo hetorozygous missense variants in the AAA (large ATPase) domain. 1x homozygous missense in the MIT domain (milder phenotype and unaffected parents). Demonstrated defective CD71 trafficking in all 3 patients. PMID: 33186545 - 6x probands with de novo missense variants in the AAA domain. 5 of the variants were at amino acid position 284 (changes to Trp and Gly). Demonstrated that the variants had a dominant-negative effect on VPS4A function. "The six probands with de novo substitutions affecting Glu206 or Arg284 had a consistent phenotype characterized by severe DD, profound ID, and dystonia. Children were very delayed in establishing head control and none achieved independent walking. Other common findings were cerebellar hypoplasia (five individuals out of six, the other showing uncharacterized severe cerebral atrophy) with a variable degree of corpus callosum hypoplasia. One individual also had bilateral polymicrogyria. Epilepsy was present in three and dystonia in five subjects. Eye involvement was also a common finding, including congenital cataract, retinal dystrophy, and in one case congenital Leber amaurosis. Four individuals were diagnosed with hepatosplenomegaly and/or steatosis. Three subjects had anemia, which was characterized as dyserythropoietic in two. Severe feeding difficulties were present in four individuals, requiring assisted feeding in three. Two had sensorineural deafness. Severe growth retardation, generally for all parameters, was present in most cases. Notably, severe microcephaly (typically with Z scores < −5) was universal. Overall, the disorder seems to have a poor prognosis as two affected individuals died in childhood or early adult life."; to: PMID: 33186543 - 2x de novo hetorozygous missense variants in the AAA (large ATPase) domain. 1x homozygous missense in the MIT domain (milder phenotype and unaffected parents). Demonstrated defective CD71 trafficking in all 3 patients. Comment when marking as ready: PMID: 33186543 - 2x de novo hetorozygous missense variants in the AAA (large ATPase) domain. 1x homozygous missense in the MIT domain (milder phenotype and unaffected parents). Demonstrated defective CD71 trafficking in all 3 patients. PMID: 33186545 - 6x probands with de novo missense variants in the AAA domain. 5 of the variants were at amino acid position 284 (changes to Trp and Gly). Demonstrated that the variants had a dominant-negative effect on VPS4A function. "The six probands with de novo substitutions affecting Glu206 or Arg284 had a consistent phenotype characterized by severe DD, profound ID, and dystonia. Children were very delayed in establishing head control and none achieved independent walking. Other common findings were cerebellar hypoplasia (five individuals out of six, the other showing uncharacterized severe cerebral atrophy) with a variable degree of corpus callosum hypoplasia. One individual also had bilateral polymicrogyria. Epilepsy was present in three and dystonia in five subjects. Eye involvement was also a common finding, including congenital cataract, retinal dystrophy, and in one case congenital Leber amaurosis. Four individuals were diagnosed with hepatosplenomegaly and/or steatosis. Three subjects had anemia, which was characterized as dyserythropoietic in two. Severe feeding difficulties were present in four individuals, requiring assisted feeding in three. Two had sensorineural deafness. Severe growth retardation, generally for all parameters, was present in most cases. Notably, severe microcephaly (typically with Z scores < −5) was universal. Overall, the disorder seems to have a poor prognosis as two affected individuals died in childhood or early adult life." |
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| Mendeliome v0.5567 | VPS4A | Elena Savva Added comment: Comment when marking as ready: PMID: 33186543 - 2x de novo hetorozygous missense variants in the AAA (large ATPase) domain. 1x homozygous missense in the MIT domain (milder phenotype and unaffected parents). Demonstrated defective CD71 trafficking in all 3 patients. PMID: 33186545 - 6x probands with de novo missense variants in the AAA domain. 5 of the variants were at amino acid position 284 (changes to Trp and Gly). Demonstrated that the variants had a dominant-negative effect on VPS4A function. "The six probands with de novo substitutions affecting Glu206 or Arg284 had a consistent phenotype characterized by severe DD, profound ID, and dystonia. Children were very delayed in establishing head control and none achieved independent walking. Other common findings were cerebellar hypoplasia (five individuals out of six, the other showing uncharacterized severe cerebral atrophy) with a variable degree of corpus callosum hypoplasia. One individual also had bilateral polymicrogyria. Epilepsy was present in three and dystonia in five subjects. Eye involvement was also a common finding, including congenital cataract, retinal dystrophy, and in one case congenital Leber amaurosis. Four individuals were diagnosed with hepatosplenomegaly and/or steatosis. Three subjects had anemia, which was characterized as dyserythropoietic in two. Severe feeding difficulties were present in four individuals, requiring assisted feeding in three. Two had sensorineural deafness. Severe growth retardation, generally for all parameters, was present in most cases. Notably, severe microcephaly (typically with Z scores < −5) was universal. Overall, the disorder seems to have a poor prognosis as two affected individuals died in childhood or early adult life." | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5558 | VPS4A |
Kristin Rigbye gene: VPS4A was added gene: VPS4A was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: VPS4A was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: VPS4A were set to PMID: 33186543; 33186545 Phenotypes for gene: VPS4A were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder Review for gene: VPS4A was set to GREEN Added comment: PMID: 33186543 - 2x de novo hetorozygous missense variants in the AAA (large ATPase) domain. 1x homozygous missense in the MIT domain (milder phenotype and unaffected parents). Demonstrated defective CD71 trafficking in all 3 patients. PMID: 33186545 - 6x probands with de novo missense variants in the AAA domain. 5 of the variants were at amino acid position 284 (changes to Trp and Gly). Demonstrated that the variants had a dominant-negative effect on VPS4A function. "The six probands with de novo substitutions affecting Glu206 or Arg284 had a consistent phenotype characterized by severe DD, profound ID, and dystonia. Children were very delayed in establishing head control and none achieved independent walking. Other common findings were cerebellar hypoplasia (five individuals out of six, the other showing uncharacterized severe cerebral atrophy) with a variable degree of corpus callosum hypoplasia. One individual also had bilateral polymicrogyria. Epilepsy was present in three and dystonia in five subjects. Eye involvement was also a common finding, including congenital cataract, retinal dystrophy, and in one case congenital Leber amaurosis. Four individuals were diagnosed with hepatosplenomegaly and/or steatosis. Three subjects had anemia, which was characterized as dyserythropoietic in two. Severe feeding difficulties were present in four individuals, requiring assisted feeding in three. Two had sensorineural deafness. Severe growth retardation, generally for all parameters, was present in most cases. Notably, severe microcephaly (typically with Z scores < −5) was universal. Overall, the disorder seems to have a poor prognosis as two affected individuals died in childhood or early adult life." Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.5556 | DAAM2 |
Ain Roesley gene: DAAM2 was added gene: DAAM2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: DAAM2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: DAAM2 were set to steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) Penetrance for gene: DAAM2 were set to unknown Review for gene: DAAM2 was set to GREEN Added comment: - steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis on histologic analysis of kidney biopsies and foot process effacement shown by electron microscopy (authors have suggested the term nephrotic syndrome type 22 (NPHS22)) - 4 unrelated families, 3 of which were consanguineous - 4 unique missense and 1 stop - in vitro studies done for the missense variants Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.5554 | HS2ST1 |
Ain Roesley gene: HS2ST1 was added gene: HS2ST1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: HS2ST1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: HS2ST1 were set to 33159882 Penetrance for gene: HS2ST1 were set to unknown Review for gene: HS2ST1 was set to GREEN Added comment: - 4 affected from 3 unrelated families - 3 unique missense and 2 PTCs - Developmental Delay, Corpus Callosum Hypoplasia or Aplasia, and Skeletal and Renal Abnormalities Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.5553 | MINPP1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: MINPP1 was added gene: MINPP1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: MINPP1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: MINPP1 were set to 33257696 Phenotypes for gene: MINPP1 were set to Pontocerebellar hypoplasia Review for gene: MINPP1 was set to GREEN Added comment: 8 individuals from 6 unrelated families reported with bi-allelic LOF variants. All presented with almost complete absence of motor and cognitive development, progressive or congenital microcephaly, spastic tetraplegia or dystonia, and vision impairments. For most, the first symptoms included neonatal severe axial hypotonia and epilepsy that started during the first months or years of life. Prenatal symptoms of microcephaly associated with increased thalami echogenicity were detected in one, while the seven other individuals presented with progressive microcephaly. Some exhibited rapidly progressive phenotype and the affected children died in their infancy or middle-childhood. Strikingly, all the affected children had a unique brain MRI showing a mild to severe PCH, fluid-filled posterior fossa, with dilated lateral ventricles. In addition, severe atrophy at the level of the basal ganglia or thalami often associated with typical T2 hypersignal were identified in all the patients MRI. Supportive functional data showing accumulation of highly phosphorylated inositols, mostly inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6), detected in HEK293 cells, fibroblasts, iPSCs and differentiating neurons lacking MINPP1. In mutant cells, higher IP6 level is expected to be associated with an increased chelation of intracellular cations, such as iron or calcium, resulting in decreased levels of available ions. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.5549 | DNAJB11 | Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Seven unrelated. families described with phenotypes overlapping ADTKD and ADPKD, five different variants, one of these, p.Arg206* recurrent in three families.; to: Seven unrelated. families described with phenotypes overlapping ADTKD and ADPKD, five different mono-allelic variants, one of these, p.Arg206* recurrent in three families. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5549 | DNAJB11 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: DNAJB11: Added comment: Single family reported with bi-allelic variant and severe, fetal onset renal cystic disease, dilation and proliferation of pancreatic duct cells, and liver ductal plate malformation, an association known as Ivemark II syndrome.; Changed publications: 29706351, 29777155, 33129895; Changed phenotypes: Polycystic kidney disease 6 with or without polycystic liver disease, MIM#618061, Ivermark II syndrome.; Changed mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic (but BIALLELIC mutations cause a more SEVERE disease form), autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5547 | HHAT |
Zornitza Stark gene: HHAT was added gene: HHAT was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: HHAT was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: HHAT were set to 24784881; 30912300 Phenotypes for gene: HHAT were set to Nivelon-Nivelon-Mabille syndrome 600092 Review for gene: HHAT was set to AMBER Added comment: Two unrelated families reported. Clinical features include progressive microcephaly, cerebellar vermis hypoplasia, and skeletal dysplasia. Variable features include infantile-onset seizures, dwarfism, generalized chondrodysplasia, and micromelia. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.5541 | H3F3B | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: H3F3B: Added comment: 13 unrelated individuals reported with missense variants in H3F3B. Phenotype primarily comprised intellectual disability and minor congenital anomalies, regression in significant proportion. Seizures in 50%.; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed publications: 33268356; Changed phenotypes: Intellectual disability, regression, seizures; Changed mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5537 | H3F3A | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: H3F3A: Added comment: 33 unrelated individuals reported with missense variants in H3F3A. Phenotype primarily comprised intellectual disability and minor congenital anomalies, regression in significant proportion. Seizures in 50%.; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed publications: 33268356; Changed phenotypes: Intellectual disability, regression; Changed mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5534 | PRPS1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: PRPS1 were changed from to Arts syndrome MIM#301835; Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, X-linked recessive, 5 MIM#311070; Deafness, X-linked 1 MIM#304500; Gout, PRPS-related MIM#300661; Phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase superactivity MIM#300661 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5531 | PRPS1 | Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PRPS1 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5527 | PRPS1 | Elena Savva reviewed gene: PRPS1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: Other; Publications: PMID: 32781272, 17701896, 7593598; Phenotypes: Arts syndrome MIM#301835, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, X-linked recessive, 5 MIM#311070, Deafness, X-linked 1 MIM#304500, Gout, PRPS-related MIM#300661, Phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase superactivity MIM#300661; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5526 | YIPF5 |
Zornitza Stark gene: YIPF5 was added gene: YIPF5 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: YIPF5 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: YIPF5 were set to 33164986 Phenotypes for gene: YIPF5 were set to Neonatal diabetes; microcephaly; seizures Review for gene: YIPF5 was set to GREEN Added comment: Six individuals from 5 unrelated consanguineous families reported with bi-allelic variants in this gene and neonatal/early-onset diabetes, severe microcephaly, and epilepsy. Functional data supports gene-disease association. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.5524 | TFE3 | Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TFE3 was changed from MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5523 | TFE3 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: TFE3: Added comment: PMID: 32409512 (2020) - 14 variants reported as de novo events in 17 unrelated cases (including 5 previously published) of severe intellectual disability with pigmentary mosaicism and storage disorder-like features; Changed publications: 30595499, 31833172, 32409512; Changed mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5514 | NPPA | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: NPPA were changed from to Atrial fibrillation, familial, 6, (MIM#612201) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5511 | NPPA | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: NPPA: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 18614783, 20064500, 31034774, 31077706; Phenotypes: Atrial fibrillation, familial, 6, (MIM#612201); Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5502 | COX16 |
Bryony Thompson gene: COX16 was added gene: COX16 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: COX16 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: COX16 were set to 33169484 Phenotypes for gene: COX16 were set to Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; encephalopathy; severe fatal lactic acidosis Review for gene: COX16 was set to AMBER Added comment: 2 unrelated patients with the same homozygous (non-consanguineous) nonsense variant c.244C>T (p.Arg82*), and isolated complex IV deficiency present in both patient fibroblasts/skeletal muscle biopsy. COX16 is involved in the biogenesis of complex IV, the terminal complex of the mitochondrial respiratory chain (RC) Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.5483 | GPAA1 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: GPAA1: Added comment: At least 5 unrelated families reported with bi-allelic variants in this gene and delayed psychomotor development, variable intellectual disability, hypotonia, early-onset seizures in most, and cerebellar atrophy, resulting in cerebellar signs including gait ataxia and dysarthria. The disorder is caused by a defect in glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) biosynthesis.; Changed publications: 29100095 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5474 | ATP7A | Elena Savva reviewed gene: ATP7A: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID: 21221114; Phenotypes: Occipital horn syndrome, 304150, X-linked recessive Menkes disease, 309400 Spinal muscular atrophy, distal, X-linked 3, 300489; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5472 | AGBL1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: AGBL1 was added gene: AGBL1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review disputed tags were added to gene: AGBL1. Mode of inheritance for gene: AGBL1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: AGBL1 were set to 24094747; 31555324 Phenotypes for gene: AGBL1 were set to Corneal dystrophy, Fuchs endothelial, 8, MIM# 615523 Review for gene: AGBL1 was set to RED Added comment: Gene disease association first reported in 2013 in PMID 24094747, in a large multigenerational family. However, note the variant reported, p.Arg1028Ter is present in over 400 hets in gnomad. Another variant reported in same paper, p.Cys990Ser in three unrelated individuals, is present in over 300 hets in gnomad and 1 hom. Two further variants reported in PMID 31555324, one is missense, p.Arg748His, present in 60 hets, and the other, p.Arg1028Ter, is present is the variant identified in the previous publication, present in over 400 hets. These variant frequencies are out of keeping for a rare disorder. Sources: Expert Review |
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| Mendeliome v0.5462 | SSR3 |
Zornitza Stark gene: SSR3 was added gene: SSR3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SSR3 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SSR3 were set to 30945312 Phenotypes for gene: SSR3 were set to Congenital disorder of glycosylation Review for gene: SSR3 was set to AMBER Added comment: Single individual reported with an unsolved type I CDG, intellectual disability, homozygous LOF variant in SSR3, supportive functional evidence. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.5461 | LCP2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: LCP2 was added gene: LCP2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: LCP2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: LCP2 were set to 33231617 Phenotypes for gene: LCP2 were set to Severe combined immunodeficiency Review for gene: LCP2 was set to RED Added comment: Infant with bi-allelic variants in this gene and early-onset life-threatening infections, combined T and B cell immunodeficiency, severe neutrophil defects, and impaired platelet aggregation. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.5458 | DPM2 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: DPM2: Added comment: Further unrelated individual reported, main clinical features were truncal hypotonia, hypertonicity, congenital heart defects, intellectual disability, and generalized muscle wasting.; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed publications: 23109149, 33129689 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5455 | ALG9 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ALG9 were changed from to Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Il, MIM#608776; Gillessen-Kaesbach-Nishimura syndrome, MIM# 263210; Polycystic kidney disease | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5452 | ALG9 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: ALG9: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 28932688, 25966638, 26453364, 30676690; Phenotypes: Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Il, MIM#608776, Gillessen-Kaesbach-Nishimura syndrome, MIM# 263210, Polycystic kidney disease; Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5452 | ALG8 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ALG8 were changed from Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Ih, MIM# 608104 to Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Ih, MIM# 608104; Polycystic liver disease 3 with or without kidney cysts, MIM# 617874 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5449 | ALG8 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: ALG8: Added comment: Monoallelic variants are associated with polycystic liver disease.; Changed publications: 26066342, 28375157, 15235028; Changed phenotypes: Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Ih, MIM# 608104, Polycystic liver disease 3 with or without kidney cysts, MIM# 617874; Changed mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5449 | ALG8 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ALG8 were changed from to Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Ih, MIM# 608104 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5446 | ALG8 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: ALG8: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 26066342; Phenotypes: Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Ih, MIM# 608104; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5446 | ALG3 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ALG3 were changed from to Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Id, MIM# 601110 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5443 | ALG3 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: ALG3: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 31067009; Phenotypes: Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Id, MIM# 601110; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5429 | SMARCA1 | Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SMARCA1 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5422 | SMARCA1 | Naomi Baker reviewed gene: SMARCA1: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID: 26740508, 26539891, 29249292.; Phenotypes: ; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5417 | USP9X | Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: USP9X was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5416 | ALG6 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ALG6 were changed from to Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Ic (MIM#603147) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5413 | ALG6 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: ALG6: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 10914684, 27498540; Phenotypes: Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Ic (MIM#603147); Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5412 | MOGS | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: MOGS: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 31925597, 30587846, 33058492; Phenotypes: Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type IIb, MIM# 606056; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5408 | MYL9 |
Zornitza Stark gene: MYL9 was added gene: MYL9 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: MYL9 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: MYL9 were set to 29453416; 33031641 Phenotypes for gene: MYL9 were set to Megacystis-microcolon-intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome Review for gene: MYL9 was set to AMBER Added comment: Two unrelated families reported. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.5407 | USP9X | Paul De Fazio reviewed gene: USP9X: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 31443933, 26833328; Phenotypes: Mental retardation, X-linked 99, XLR (MIM#300919) and XLD (MIM#300968); Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males); Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5389 | DZIP1 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: One large 4-generation family reported, where missense variant segregated with disease. Two additional individuals identified from a cohort. All variants present at low frequency in population databases. Mouse model recapitulated phenotype. Sources: Literature; to: Association with MVP: One large 4-generation family reported, where missense variant segregated with disease. Two additional individuals identified from a cohort. All variants present at low frequency in population databases. Mouse model recapitulated phenotype. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.5387 | DZIP1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: DZIP1 was added gene: DZIP1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: DZIP1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: DZIP1 were set to 31118289 Phenotypes for gene: DZIP1 were set to Mitral valve prolapse Review for gene: DZIP1 was set to AMBER Added comment: One large 4-generation family reported, where missense variant segregated with disease. Two additional individuals identified from a cohort. All variants present at low frequency in population databases. Mouse model recapitulated phenotype. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.5385 | ADH5 |
Zornitza Stark gene: ADH5 was added gene: ADH5 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ADH5 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: ADH5 were set to 33147438 Phenotypes for gene: ADH5 were set to Aplastic anaemia; myelodysplasia; short stature Review for gene: ADH5 was set to GREEN Added comment: 7 individuals reported with bi-allelic variants in this gene and a Fanconi syndrome-like phenotype. All had aplastic anaemia, 4 developed a myelodysplastic syndrome, and one developed AML. Short stature and abnormal skin pigmentation were additional features. Note, all also had the ALDH2*2 allele, which is common in East Asian populations, and may be contributory. Extensive experimental data. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.5381 | LRIF1 |
Bryony Thompson changed review comment from: A single consanguineous case with a homozygous truncating variant. DZ4Z hypomethylation and increased DUX expression was present in patient cells. siRNA-mediated depletion of LRIF1L in immortalized myoblasts derepressed the DUX4 locus. Sources: Literature; to: A single consanguineous case with a homozygous truncating variant, and D4Z4 repeat of 13 units on a 4qA haplotype (permissive haplotype). DZ4Z hypomethylation and increased DUX expression was present in patient cells. siRNA-mediated depletion of LRIF1L in immortalized myoblasts derepressed the DUX4 locus. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.5380 | LRIF1 |
Bryony Thompson gene: LRIF1 was added gene: LRIF1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: LRIF1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: LRIF1 were set to 32467133 Phenotypes for gene: LRIF1 were set to Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy Review for gene: LRIF1 was set to AMBER Added comment: A single consanguineous case with a homozygous truncating variant. DZ4Z hypomethylation and increased DUX expression was present in patient cells. siRNA-mediated depletion of LRIF1L in immortalized myoblasts derepressed the DUX4 locus. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.5376 | MYRF | Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Cardiac-urogenital syndrome is characterized by partial anomalous pulmonary venous return in association with tracheal anomalies, pulmonary hypoplasia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, thyroid fibrosis, thymic involution, cleft spleen, penoscrotal hypospadias, and cryptorchidism. More than 10 unrelated individuals reported.; to: Cardiac-urogenital syndrome MIM# 618280 is characterized by partial anomalous pulmonary venous return in association with tracheal anomalies, pulmonary hypoplasia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, thyroid fibrosis, thymic involution, cleft spleen, penoscrotal hypospadias, and cryptorchidism. More than 10 unrelated individuals reported. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5376 | MYRF | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: MYRF: Added comment: Cardiac-urogenital syndrome is characterized by partial anomalous pulmonary venous return in association with tracheal anomalies, pulmonary hypoplasia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, thyroid fibrosis, thymic involution, cleft spleen, penoscrotal hypospadias, and cryptorchidism. More than 10 unrelated individuals reported.; Changed publications: 31048900, 31172260, 31266062, 31700225, 29446546, 29446546, 30532227, 31069960; Changed phenotypes: Nanophthalmos and high hyperopia, Cardiac-urogenital syndrome, MIM# 618280 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5373 | GABBR2 | Zornitza Stark commented on gene: GABBR2: At least 3 unrelated individuals reported with DEE 59, MIM# 617904. Neurodevelopmental disorder with poor language and loss of hand skills, MIM# 617903 is an allelic disorder, which is less severe. The two may represent a spectrum. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5372 | DNAH2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: DNAH2 was added gene: DNAH2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: DNAH2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: DNAH2 were set to 30811583 Phenotypes for gene: DNAH2 were set to Spermatogenic failure 45, MIM# 619094 Review for gene: DNAH2 was set to GREEN Added comment: Three unrelated families reported. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.5327 | LMX1B |
Zornitza Stark commented on gene: LMX1B: Nail-patella syndrome (NPS) is an autosomal-dominant disease characterized by dysplastic nails, absent or hypoplastic patellae, elbow dysplasia, and iliac horns. Varying degrees of proteinuria or hematuria are present, and can occasionally progress to chronic renal failure. Some variants in the homeodomain of LMX1B cause isolated nephropathy without nail, patellar or skeletal abnormality (LMX1B-associated nephropathy). >300 families reported. |
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| Mendeliome v0.5327 | LMX1B | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: LMX1B were changed from Nail-patella syndrome (MIM#161200); LMX1B-related nephropathy to Nail-patella syndrome (MIM#161200), MONDO:0008061; LMX1B-related nephropathy | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5326 | LMX1B | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: LMX1B: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Nail-patella syndrome (MIM#161200), MONDO:0008061, LMX1B-related nephropathy; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5320 | CARD8 |
Zornitza Stark gene: CARD8 was added gene: CARD8 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: CARD8 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: CARD8 were set to 29408806 Phenotypes for gene: CARD8 were set to Inflammatory bowel disease-30, MIM#619079 Review for gene: CARD8 was set to RED Added comment: Two individuals from one family reported segregating a missense variant, dominant negative effect postulated. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.5317 | UBA1 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: UBA1: Added comment: Association with VEXAS: 25 men reported with somatic mutations affecting methionine-41 (p.Met41) in UBA1, the major E1 enzyme that initiates ubiquitylation, and an often fatal, treatment-refractory inflammatory syndrome develops in late adulthood, with fevers, cytopaenias, characteristic vacuoles in myeloid and erythroid precursor cells, dysplastic bone marrow, neutrophilic cutaneous and pulmonary inflammation, chondritis, and vasculitis.; Changed publications: 18179898, 32181232, 31932168, 29034082, 27699224, 26028276, 23518311, 33108101; Changed phenotypes: Spinal muscular atrophy, X-linked 2, infantile, MIM# 301830, Autoinflammatory disease, adult onset: VEXAS (vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X-linked, autoinflammatory, somatic) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5276 | PLXND1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: PLXND1 was added gene: PLXND1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: PLXND1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: PLXND1 were set to 26068067 Phenotypes for gene: PLXND1 were set to Möbius syndrome Review for gene: PLXND1 was set to GREEN Added comment: De novo variants in 3 unrelated individuals with Moebius syndrome with some functional evidence. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.5274 | MYMK | Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Sources: Expert list; to: Carey-Fineman-Ziter syndrome (CFZS) is a multisystem congenital disorder characterized by hypotonia, Moebius sequence (bilateral congenital facial palsy with impairment of ocular abduction), Pierre Robin complex (micrognathia, glossoptosis, and high-arched or cleft palate), delayed motor milestones, and failure to thrive. Intellect has been normal in molecularly confirmed cases. Defect in myoblast fusion. 6 unrelated families reported with CFZ phenotype and bi-allelic MYMK variants. p.Pro91Thr is a common founder variant, which is hypomorphic. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5272 | PRKG2 |
Arina Puzriakova gene: PRKG2 was added gene: PRKG2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: PRKG2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: PRKG2 were set to 33106379 Phenotypes for gene: PRKG2 were set to Acromesomelic dysplasia Review for gene: PRKG2 was set to GREEN Added comment: - PMID: 33106379 (2020) - Distinct homozygous variants in PRKG2 identified in two unrelated individuals, both with a skeletal dysplasia associated with severe short stature due to acromesomelic limb shortening, brachydactyly, mild to moderate platyspondyly and progressively increasing metaphyseal alterations of the long bones. Functional studies showed both variants result in NMD and disrupt the downstream MAPK signalling pathway in response to FGF2. The role of cGKII, encoded by PRKG2, in skeletal growth has been established in several animal models (references provided in paper). Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.5270 | FOXP4 |
Zornitza Stark gene: FOXP4 was added gene: FOXP4 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: FOXP4 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: FOXP4 were set to 33110267 Phenotypes for gene: FOXP4 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder; multiple congenital abnormalities Review for gene: FOXP4 was set to GREEN Added comment: Eight unrelated individuals reported, seven de novo missense, and one individual with a truncating variant. Detailed phenotypic information available on 6. Overlapping features included speech and language delays, growth abnormalities, congenital diaphragmatic hernia (2/6), cervical spine abnormalities, and ptosis. Intellectual disability described as mild in 2, some had normal intellect despite the early speech and language delays. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.5258 | DHX32 |
Dean Phelan gene: DHX32 was added gene: DHX32 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: DHX32 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: DHX32 were set to PMID: 32989326 Phenotypes for gene: DHX32 were set to Intellectual disability, spastic diplegia, dystonia, brain abnormalities Review for gene: DHX32 was set to AMBER Added comment: PMID: 32989326 - Large cohort study of cerebral palsy cases identified two de novo variants in two unrelated patients with intellectual disability, one with spastic diplegia, and the other characterised as generalised dystonia. Brain abnormalities were identified also. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.5254 | FBXO31 |
Kristin Rigbye changed review comment from: 2 unrelated probands with CP harbouring the same de novo missense variant (p.Asp334Asn). The variant affects the cyclin D interaction site, leading to an apparent gain of function of cyclin D degradation, supported by Western blots from patient fibroblasts which showed decreased cyclin D expression.; to: 2 unrelated probands with CP harbouring the same de novo missense variant (p.Asp334Asn). The variant affects the cyclin D interaction site, leading to an apparent gain of function of cyclin D degradation, supported by Western blots from patient fibroblasts which showed decreased cyclin D expression. Extended patient phenotypes: Spastic diplegia, with esotropia, ID, dysarthria, mixed receptive/expressive language disorder, ADHD, cleft palate, intestinal malrotation and midgut volvulus (patient 1); Spastic paraplegia with ventricular dilation and thin corpus callosum, ID, attention deficit, anxiety, language impairments, strabismus, severe constipation (patient 2). |
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| Mendeliome v0.5251 | RHOB |
Crystle Lee gene: RHOB was added gene: RHOB was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: RHOB was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Publications for gene: RHOB were set to 32989326 Phenotypes for gene: RHOB were set to Cerebral Palsy (PMID:32989326) Mode of pathogenicity for gene: RHOB was set to Other Review for gene: RHOB was set to AMBER Added comment: Candidate disease-causing gene for CP. Recurrent de novo missense variant reported in 2 unrelated families with supporting functional studies. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.5244 | STN1 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: STN1: Added comment: Third unrelated family reported, promote to Green.; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed publications: 27432940, 32627942 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5243 | ITPR3 |
Zornitza Stark gene: ITPR3 was added gene: ITPR3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ITPR3 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: ITPR3 were set to 32949214 Phenotypes for gene: ITPR3 were set to Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease Review for gene: ITPR3 was set to AMBER Added comment: Two unrelated families reported: variant segregated in four affected individuals in one family and was de novo in the second family where there was a single affected person. Some evidence for dominant-negative effect. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.5240 | AMOTL1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: AMOTL1 was added gene: AMOTL1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: AMOTL1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: AMOTL1 were set to 33026150 Phenotypes for gene: AMOTL1 were set to Cleft lip and palate; imperforate anus; dysmorphism Review for gene: AMOTL1 was set to RED Added comment: Two unrelated families reported. In one, the variant was identified in parent and child who had orofacial cleft and cardiac abnormalities. Second report in PMID 33026150, de novo missense variant and cleft lip/palate, imperforate anus and dysmorphism. Mouse model does not recapitulate phenotype. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.5238 | KIRREL1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: KIRREL1 was added gene: KIRREL1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: KIRREL1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: KIRREL1 were set to 31472902 Phenotypes for gene: KIRREL1 were set to Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome Review for gene: KIRREL1 was set to AMBER Added comment: Two unrelated families reported with bi-allelic variants and limited functional data. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.5236 | GFRA1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: GFRA1 was added gene: GFRA1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: GFRA1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: GFRA1 were set to 33020172 Phenotypes for gene: GFRA1 were set to Renal agenesis Review for gene: GFRA1 was set to AMBER Added comment: Two unrelated families reported with bi-allelic LOF variants identified in individuals with bilateral renal agenesis. GFRA1 gene encodes a receptor on the Wolffian duct that regulates ureteric bud outgrowth in the development of a functional renal system. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.5229 | PRKAR1B |
Konstantinos Varvagiannis gene: PRKAR1B was added gene: PRKAR1B was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: PRKAR1B was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Publications for gene: PRKAR1B were set to https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.10.20190314; 25414040 Phenotypes for gene: PRKAR1B were set to Global developmental delay; Intellectual disability; Autism; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Aggressive behavior; Abnormality of movement; Upslanted palpebral fissure Penetrance for gene: PRKAR1B were set to unknown Review for gene: PRKAR1B was set to AMBER Added comment: Please consider inclusion of this gene with amber rating pending publication of the preprint and/or additional evidence. Marbach et al. (2020 - medRxiv : https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.10.20190314 - last author : C. Schaaf) report 6 unrelated individuals with heterozygous missense PRKAR1B variants. All presented formal ASD diagnosis (6/6), global developmental delay (6/6) and intellectual disability (all - formal evaluations were lacking though). Additional features included neurologic anomalies (movement disorders : dyspraxia, apraxia, clumsiness in all, with tremor/dystonia or involuntary movements as single occurrences). Three displayed high pain tolerance. Regression in speech was a feature in two. Additional behavior anomalies included ADHD (4-5/6) or aggression (3/6). There was no consistent pattern of malformations, physical anomalies or facial features (with the exception of uplsanted palpebral fissures reported in 4). 3 different missense variants were identified (NM_00116470:c.1003C>T - p.Arg335Trp, c.586G>A - p.Glu196Lys, c.500_501delAAinsTT - p.Gln167Leu) with Arg355Trp being a recurrent one within this cohort (4/6 subjects). A possible splicing effect may apply for the MNV. All variants are absent from gnomAD and the SNVs had CADD scores > 24. In all cases were parental samples were available (5/6), the variant had occurred as a de novo event. Protein kinase A (PKA) is a tetrameric holoenzyme formed by the association of 2 catalytic (C) subunits with a regulatory (R) subunit dimer. Activation of PKA is achieved through binding of 2 cAMP molecules to each R-subunit, and unleashing(/dissociation) of C-subunits to engage substrates. PRKACA/B genes encode the Cα- and Cβ-subunits while the 4 functionally non-redundant regulatory subunits are encoded by PRKAR1A/1B/2A/2B genes. As the authors comment, the RIβ subunit is primarily expressed in brain with higher expression in cortex and hypothalamus. The functional consequences of the variants at cellular level were not studied. Previous studies have demonstrated that downregulation of RIβ in murine hippocampal cultures, reduced phosphorylation of CREB, a transcription factor involved in long-term memory formation. The authors speculate that a similar effect on cAMP/PKA/CREB cascade may mediate the cognitive effects in humans. RIβ deficient mice also display diminished nociceptive pain, similar to the human phenotype. [Several refs provided]. The authors cite the study by Kaplanis et al (2020 - PMID: 33057194), where in a large sample of 31,058 trio exomes of children with developmental disorders, PRKAR1B was among the genes with significant enrichment for de novo missense variants. [The gene has a pLI score of 0.18 in gnomAD / o/e = 0.26 - so pLoF variants may not be deleterious]. Please note that a specific PRKAR1B variant (NM_002735.2:c.149T>G - p.Leu50Arg) has been previous reported to segregate with a late-onset neurodegenerative disorder characterized by dementia and/or parkinsonism within a large pedigree with 12 affected individuals [Wong et al 2014 - PMID: 25414040]. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.5222 | MPP5 |
Konstantinos Varvagiannis gene: MPP5 was added gene: MPP5 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: MPP5 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Publications for gene: MPP5 were set to 33073849 Phenotypes for gene: MPP5 were set to Global developmental delay; Intellectual disability; Delayed speech and language development; Developmental regression; Behavioral abnormality Penetrance for gene: MPP5 were set to unknown Review for gene: MPP5 was set to GREEN Added comment: Sterling et al (2020 - PMID: 33073849) provide information on the phenotype of 3 individuals with de novo MPP5 variants. Common features included global developmental delay, intellectual disability (3/3 - severe in 2/3), speech delay/regression (the latter in at least 2) and behavioral abnormalities. Variable other features were reported, among others microcephaly (1/3), abnormal vision (1/3 : CVI, retinal dystrophy, nystagmus), brain MRI abnormalities (2/3), late-onset seizures (1/3). These subjects displayed variable and non-specific dysmorphic features. All were investigated by exome sequencing (previous investigations not mentioned). One subject was found to harbor a de novo mosaic (5/25 reads) stopgain variant, further confirmed by Sanger sequencing [NM_022474.4:c.1555C>T - p.(Arg519Ter). The specific variant is reported once in gnomAD (1/251338). Two de novo missense variants were identified in the remaining individuals [c.1289A>G - p.Glu430Gly / c.974A>C - p.His325Pro). All variants had in silico predictions in favor of a deleterious effect (CADD score >24). The authors comment that MPP5 encodes an apical complex protein with asymmetric localization to the apical side of polarized cells. It is expressed in brain, peripheral nervous system and other tissues. MPP5 is a member of the membrane-associated guanylate kinase family of proteins (MAGUK p55 subfamily), determining cell polarity at tight junctions. Previous animal models suggest that complete Mpp5(Pals1) KO in mice leads to near absence of cerebral cortical neurons. Htz KO display reduction in size of cerebral cortex and hippocampus. The gene is expressed in proliferating cell populations of cerebellum and important for establishment cerebellar architecture. Conditional KO of Mpp5(Pals1) in retinal progenitor cells mimics the retinal pathology observed in LCA. [Several refs. provided] The authors studied a heterozygous CNS-specific Mpp5 KO mouse model. These mice presented microcephaly, decreased cerebellar volume and cortical thickness, decreased ependymal cells and Mpp5 at the apical surface of cortical vertrical zone. The proportion of cortical cells undergoing apoptotic cell death was increased. Mice displayed behavioral abnormalities (hyperactivity) and visual deficits, with ERG traces further suggesting retinal blindness. Overall the mouse model was thought to recapitulate the behavioral abnormalities observed in affected subjects as well as individual rare features such as microcephaly and abnormal vision. Haploinsufficiency (rather than a dominant negative effect) is favored as the underlying disease mechanism. This is also in line with a dose dependent effect observed in mice. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.5216 | SCYL1 | Zornitza Stark commented on gene: SCYL1: Autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia-21 is a neurologic disorder characterized by onset of cerebellar ataxia associated with cerebellar atrophy in early childhood. Affected individuals also have recurrent episodes of liver failure in the first decade, resulting in chronic liver fibrosis, as well as later onset of a peripheral neuropathy. Mild learning disabilities may also occur. More than 5 unrelated families reported. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5204 | ASCL1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ASCL1 were changed from to Central hypoventilation syndrome, congenital, MIM# 209880 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5200 | ASCL1 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: ASCL1: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 14532329; Phenotypes: Central hypoventilation syndrome, congenital, MIM# 209880; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5198 | ODC1 | Zornitza Stark commented on gene: ODC1: Fifth individual reported in PMID 30239107: de novo nonsense variant identified, molecular modeling suggested that due to lack of a C terminus in the mutant protein, antizyme binding does not induce ODC degradation, leading to accumulation of active protein. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5192 | LRRC32 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: LRRC32 were changed from Intellectual disability; cleft palate; proliferative retinopathy to Cleft palate, proliferative retinopathy, and developmental delay (CPPRDD) syndrome, MIM# 619074 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5191 | LRRC32 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: LRRC32: Changed phenotypes: Cleft palate, proliferative retinopathy, and developmental delay (CPPRDD) syndrome, MIM# 619074 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5188 | NUS1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: NUS1 were changed from Epilepsy; intellectual disability to Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type 1aa 617082; Mental retardation, autosomal dominant 55, with seizures 617831 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5185 | COG8 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: COG8 were changed from to Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type IIh, MIM# 611182 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5183 | COG8 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: COG8: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 17220172, 28619360; Phenotypes: Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type IIh, MIM# 611182; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5174 | NUS1 | Elena Savva reviewed gene: NUS1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID: 25066056, 29100083, 31656175, 32485575; Phenotypes: ?Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type 1aa 617082, Mental retardation, autosomal dominant 55, with seizures 617831; Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic (but BIALLELIC mutations cause a more SEVERE disease form), autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5174 | COG8 | Elena Savva reviewed gene: COG8: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID: 30690882, 17331980; Phenotypes: Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type IIh 611182; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5171 | SLC35A3 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: SLC35A3 were changed from Arthrogryposis, mental retardation, and seizures; OMIM #615553 to Arthrogryposis, mental retardation, and seizures OMIM #615553; Skeletal dysplasia; Congenital disorder of glycosylation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5168 | SLC35A3 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: SLC35A3: Added comment: Third unrelated family reported in PMID 28777481 with prenatally diagnosed anomalous vertebrae, including butterfly, and hemivertebrae throughout the spine, as well as cleft palate, micrognathia, patent foramen ovale, patent ductus arteriosus, posterior embryotoxon, short limbs, camptodactyly, talipes valgus, rocker bottom feet, and facial dysmorphism including proptosis, nevus flammeus, and a cupped left ear. Unclear if this is a distinct phenotype (note Holstein cows with variants in this gene have a skeletal phenotype) or part of a spectrum for a CDG. However, abnormal protein glycosylation, consistent with a defective Golgi UDP-GlcNAc transporter demonstrated, so overall, promoted to Green for CDG.; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed publications: 28777481, 28328131, 24031089; Changed phenotypes: Arthrogryposis, mental retardation, and seizures OMIM #615553, Skeletal dysplasia, Congenital disorder of glycosylation; Changed mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5139 | CTNNA3 |
Bryony Thompson gene: CTNNA3 was added gene: CTNNA3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: ClinGen Mode of inheritance for gene: CTNNA3 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: CTNNA3 were set to 23136403; 21254927; 22421363; 30415094; 31539150 Phenotypes for gene: CTNNA3 were set to Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy; Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia, familial, 13 MIM#615616 Review for gene: CTNNA3 was set to AMBER Added comment: Gene is classified as Limited by the ClinGen ARVC GCEP (Classification - 08/06/2019). PMID: 23136403 - an assumed de novo missense (V94D) was identified in an Italian proband with arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia. An inframe deletion (Leu765del) was identified in a proband with arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia, and was also present in the proband's asymptomatic father and paternal aunt, who had mild right ventricular dilation on echocardiography and increased trabeculations in the right ventricular apex on MRI, respectively, as well as in the aunt's asymptomatic son. There was supporting in vitro functional assay evidence for both variants. PMID: 21254927 - a missense variant was found in one of 55 Danish ARVD patients, but was found 37 times in 276,338 (1 homozygous) reference alleles in gnomAD making it less likely as a causal variant. PMID: 22421363 - null mice exhibit progressive dilated cardiomyopathy, gap junction remodelling, and increased sensitivity to ventricular arrhythmia following acute ischaemia, but not spontaneous ARVC. Additional publications identified - PMID: 30415094 - a VUS identified in a sudden unexpected death case with slight LV hypertrophy. PMID: 31539150 - 2 VUS and a nonsense variant identified in 3 probands with atrial fibrillation, with the nonsense variant segregating in an affected first-degree relative. Sources: ClinGen |
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| Mendeliome v0.5128 | COX5A | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: COX5A were changed from pulmonary arterial hypertension; lactic acidemia; failure to thrive; isolated complex IV deficiency to Mitochondrial complex IV deficiency, nuclear type 20, MIM#619064; pulmonary arterial hypertension; lactic acidemia; failure to thrive; isolated complex IV deficiency | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5127 | COX5A | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: COX5A: Changed phenotypes: Mitochondrial complex IV deficiency, nuclear type 20, MIM#619064, pulmonary arterial hypertension, lactic acidemia, failure to thrive, isolated complex IV deficiency | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5121 | COX4I1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: COX4I1 was added gene: COX4I1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: COX4I1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: COX4I1 were set to 28766551; 22592081; 31290619 Phenotypes for gene: COX4I1 were set to Mitochondrial complex IV deficiency, nuclear type 16, MIM#619060 Review for gene: COX4I1 was set to AMBER Added comment: Two unrelated families reported. Two more variants reported in PMID: 22592081: one is non-coding and the other rare missense, appear to have been identified in separate individuals, i.e. heterozygous in each individual. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.5102 | PRKACB |
Konstantinos Varvagiannis gene: PRKACB was added gene: PRKACB was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: PRKACB was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Publications for gene: PRKACB were set to 33058759 Phenotypes for gene: PRKACB were set to Postaxial hand polydactyly; Postaxial foot polydactyly; Common atrium; Atrioventricular canal defect; Narrow chest; Abnormality of the teeth; Intellectual disability Penetrance for gene: PRKACB were set to unknown Mode of pathogenicity for gene: PRKACB was set to Loss-of-function variants (as defined in pop up message) DO NOT cause this phenotype - please provide details in the comments Review for gene: PRKACB was set to GREEN Added comment: Palencia-Campos et al (2020 - PMID: 33058759) report on the phenotype of 3 individuals heterozygous for PRKACA and 4 individuals heterozygous for PRKACB pathogenic variants. The most characteristic features in all individuals with PRKACA/PRKACB mutation, included postaxial polydactyly of hands (6/7 bilateral, 1/7 unilateral) and feet (4/7 bilateral, 1/7 unilateral), brachydactyly and congenital heart defects (CHD 5/7) namely a common atrium or AVSD. Two individuals with PRKACA variant who did not have CHD had offspring with the same variant and an AVSD. Other variably occurring features included short stature, limbs, narrow chest, abnormal teeth, oral frenula, nail dysplasia. One individual with PRKACB variant presented tumors. Intellectual disability was reported in 2/4 individuals with PRKACB variant (1/4: mild, 1/4: severe). The 3 individuals with PRKACA variant did not present ID. As the phenotype was overall suggestive of Ellis-van Creveld syndrome (or the allelic Weyers acrofacial dysostosis), although these diagnoses were ruled out following analysis of EVC and EVC2 genes. WES was carried out in all. PRKACA : A single heterozygous missense variant was identified in 3 individuals from 3 families (NM_002730.4:c.409G>A / p.Gly137Arg) with 1 of the probands harboring the variant in mosaic state (28% of reads) and having 2 similarly affected offspring. The variant was de novo in one individual and inherited in a third one having a similarly affected fetus (narrow thorax, postaxial polyd, AVSD). PRKACB : 4 different variants were identified (NM_002731.3: p.His88Arg/Asn, p.Gly235Arg, c.161C>T - p.Ser54Leu). One of the individuals was mosaic for the latter variant, while in all other cases the variant had occurred de novo. Protein kinase A (PKA) is a tetrameric holoenzyme formed by the association of 2 catalytic (C) subunits with a regulatory (R) subunit dimer. Activation of PKA is achieved through binding of 2 cAMP molecules to each R-subunit, and unleashing(/dissociation) of C-subunits to engage substrates. PRKACA/B genes encode the Cα- and Cβ-subunits while the 4 functionally non-redundant regulatory subunits are encoded by PRKAR1A/1B/2A/2B genes. The authors provide evidence that the variants confer increased sensitivity of PKA holoenzymes to activation by cAMP (compared to wt). By performing ectopic expression of wt or mt PRKACA/B (variants studied : PRKACA p.Gly137Arg / PRKACB p.Gly235Arg) in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts, the authors demonstrate that inhibition of hedgehog signaling likely underlyies the developmental defects observed in affected individuals. As for PRKACA, the authors cite another study where a 31-month old female with EvC syndrome diagnosis was found to harbor the aforementioned variant (NM_001304349.1:c.637G>A:p.Gly213Arg corresponding to NM_002730.4:c.409G>A / p.Gly137Arg) as a de novo event. Without additional evidence at the time, the variant was considered to be a candidate for this subject's phenotype (Monies et al 2019 – PMID: 31130284). Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.5102 | PRKACA |
Konstantinos Varvagiannis gene: PRKACA was added gene: PRKACA was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: PRKACA was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Publications for gene: PRKACA were set to 33058759; 31130284 Phenotypes for gene: PRKACA were set to Postaxial hand polydactyly; Postaxial foot polydactyly; Common atrium; Atrioventricular canal defect; Narrow chest; Abnormality of the teeth; Intellectual disability Penetrance for gene: PRKACA were set to unknown Mode of pathogenicity for gene: PRKACA was set to Loss-of-function variants (as defined in pop up message) DO NOT cause this phenotype - please provide details in the comments Review for gene: PRKACA was set to GREEN Added comment: Palencia-Campos et al (2020 - PMID: 33058759) report on the phenotype of 3 individuals heterozygous for PRKACA and 4 individuals heterozygous for PRKACB pathogenic variants. The most characteristic features in all individuals with PRKACA/PRKACB mutation, included postaxial polydactyly of hands (6/7 bilateral, 1/7 unilateral) and feet (4/7 bilateral, 1/7 unilateral), brachydactyly and congenital heart defects (CHD 5/7) namely a common atrium or AVSD. Two individuals with PRKACA variant who did not have CHD had offspring with the same variant and an AVSD. Other variably occurring features included short stature, limbs, narrow chest, abnormal teeth, oral frenula, nail dysplasia. One individual with PRKACB variant presented tumors. Intellectual disability was reported in 2/4 individuals with PRKACB variant (1/4: mild, 1/4: severe). The 3 individuals with PRKACA variant did not present ID. As the phenotype was overall suggestive of Ellis-van Creveld syndrome (or the allelic Weyers acrofacial dysostosis), although these diagnoses were ruled out following analysis of EVC and EVC2 genes. WES was carried out in all. PRKACA : A single heterozygous missense variant was identified in 3 individuals from 3 families (NM_002730.4:c.409G>A / p.Gly137Arg) with 1 of the probands harboring the variant in mosaic state (28% of reads) and having 2 similarly affected offspring. The variant was de novo in one individual and inherited in a third one having a similarly affected fetus (narrow thorax, postaxial polyd, AVSD). PRKACB : 4 different variants were identified (NM_002731.3: p.His88Arg/Asn, p.Gly235Arg, c.161C>T - p.Ser54Leu). One of the individuals was mosaic for the latter variant, while in all other cases the variant had occurred de novo. Protein kinase A (PKA) is a tetrameric holoenzyme formed by the association of 2 catalytic (C) subunits with a regulatory (R) subunit dimer. Activation of PKA is achieved through binding of 2 cAMP molecules to each R-subunit, and unleashing(/dissociation) of C-subunits to engage substrates. PRKACA/B genes encode the Cα- and Cβ-subunits while the 4 functionally non-redundant regulatory subunits are encoded by PRKAR1A/1B/2A/2B genes. The authors provide evidence that the variants confer increased sensitivity of PKA holoenzymes to activation by cAMP (compared to wt). By performing ectopic expression of wt or mt PRKACA/B (variants studied : PRKACA p.Gly137Arg / PRKACB p.Gly235Arg) in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts, the authors demonstrate that inhibition of hedgehog signaling likely underlyies the developmental defects observed in affected individuals. As for PRKACA, the authors cite another study where a 31-month old female with EvC syndrome diagnosis was found to harbor the aforementioned variant (NM_001304349.1:c.637G>A:p.Gly213Arg corresponding to NM_002730.4:c.409G>A / p.Gly137Arg) as a de novo event. Without additional evidence at the time, the variant was considered to be a candidate for this subject's phenotype (Monies et al 2019 – PMID: 31130284). Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.5079 | ALG2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ALG2 were changed from to Myasthenic syndrome, congenital, 14, with tubular aggregates, MIM# 616228; Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Ii, MIM# 607906 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5075 | ALG2 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: ALG2: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 23404334, 24461433, 12684507; Phenotypes: Myasthenic syndrome, congenital, 14, with tubular aggregates, MIM# 616228, Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Ii, MIM# 607906; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5069 | PTCD3 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: PTCD3 were changed from Intellectual disability; optic atrophy; Leigh-like syndrome to Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency-51, MIM#619057; Intellectual disability; optic atrophy; Leigh-like syndrome | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5068 | PTCD3 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: PTCD3: Changed phenotypes: Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency-51, MIM#619057, Intellectual disability, optic atrophy, Leigh-like syndrome | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5066 | TCF21 | Bryony Thompson reviewed gene: TCF21: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 16156022, 10769282, 24875298; Phenotypes: Sensorineural hearing loss, dilated cardiomyopathy; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.5066 | SETD1A |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: OMIM has assigned a second phenotype in relation to the syndromic ID cohort reported in PMID 32346159. All variants were predicted to disrupt or delete the SET catalytic domain, and LOF is the established mechanism. In addition, there are 3 families reported with a predominantly seizure phenotype without ID, PMID 31197650. All the variants are missense and mechanism of pathogenicity is not clearly established, hence it is difficult to know whether these are two distinct conditions or part of a spectrum of severity for SETD1A-related disorders.; to: OMIM has assigned a second phenotype in relation to the syndromic ID cohort reported in PMID 32346159. All variants were predicted to disrupt or delete the SET catalytic domain, and LOF is the established mechanism. In addition, there are 4 families reported with a predominantly seizure phenotype without ID, PMID 31197650. All the variants are missense and mechanism of pathogenicity is not clearly established, hence it is difficult to know whether these are two distinct conditions or part of a spectrum of severity for SETD1A-related disorders. |
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| Mendeliome v0.5065 | SETD1A |
Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: SETD1A: Added comment: OMIM has assigned a second phenotype in relation to the syndromic ID cohort reported in PMID 32346159. All variants were predicted to disrupt or delete the SET catalytic domain, and LOF is the established mechanism. In addition, there are 3 families reported with a predominantly seizure phenotype without ID, PMID 31197650. All the variants are missense and mechanism of pathogenicity is not clearly established, hence it is difficult to know whether these are two distinct conditions or part of a spectrum of severity for SETD1A-related disorders.; Changed phenotypes: Epilepsy, early-onset, with or without developmental delay, MIM# 618832, Neurodevelopmental disorder with speech impairment and dysmorphic facies, MIM# 619056 |
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| Mendeliome v0.5050 | ITSN2 |
Elena Savva gene: ITSN2 was added gene: ITSN2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ITSN2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: ITSN2 were set to PMID: 29773874 Phenotypes for gene: ITSN2 were set to Nephrotic syndrome Review for gene: ITSN2 was set to GREEN Added comment: PMID: 29773874: 2 families (3 patients) with homozygous missense or chet missense/PTC + null mice recapitulating the human phenotype. Functional analysis of all variants shows an inability for Cdc42 activation as shown by wildtype overexpression Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.5003 | PPP1R13L |
Zornitza Stark gene: PPP1R13L was added gene: PPP1R13L was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: PPP1R13L was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: PPP1R13L were set to 32666529; 28864777 Phenotypes for gene: PPP1R13L were set to Dilated cardiomyopathy, onset in infancy Review for gene: PPP1R13L was set to GREEN Added comment: Four families reported in PMID 28864777, but same homozygous variant, identity by descent. Five unrelated families reported in PMID 32666529. Severe progressive DCM with onset in infancy. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.4998 | CSNK1G1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: CSNK1G1 was added gene: CSNK1G1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: CSNK1G1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: CSNK1G1 were set to 33009664 Phenotypes for gene: CSNK1G1 were set to Global developmental delay; Intellectual disability; Autism; Seizures Review for gene: CSNK1G1 was set to GREEN Added comment: Borderline Green/Amber rating. Gold et al (2020 - PMID: 33009664) report 5 individuals with CSNK1G1 variants, including updated information on a previously reported subject (Martin et al 2014 - PMID: 24463883). Features included DD (5/5) with associated expressive language delay, ASD (in at least 3/5), seizures (2/5), dysmorphic facial features (4/5 arched eyebrows, 3/5 prominent central incisors, 2/5 epicanthus) and limb anomalies (2/5 - proximally placed thumb, 5th f. clinodactyly, asymmetric overgrowth - the other individual had tapering fingers). GI problems were observed in 4/5. Two individuals had macrocephaly and one had microcephaly. There was no formal developmental assessment although ID might be implied in at least 3 individuals (p1: 20y - single words/regression in walking following a seizure episode, p2: 8y - first words at 5y, assistance to feed, dress and bathe, ASD, p4: 13y - regression, assistance to feed and dress). CSNK1G1 encodes the gamma-1 isoform of casein kinase 1, a protein involved in growth and cell morphogenesis. The gene has ubiquitous expression, incl. brain. As commented, in brain it regulates phosphorylation of NMDA receptors, playing a role in synaptic transmission (4 articles cited). One individual had a 1.2 kb deletion spanning exon 3 of CSNK1G1 [chr15:64550952-64552120 - GRCh37]. Parental samples were unavailable for this individual. Four individuals were found to harbor de novo CSNK1G1 variants [NM_022048.3: c.688C>T - p.(Arg230Trp) dn | c.1255C>T - p.(Gln419*) dn | c.1214+5G>A dn with in silico predictions in favor of splice disruption | c.419C>T - p.(Thr140Met) dn]. Arg230Trp is however present once in gnomAD. The stopgain variant is located in the last exon and predicted to skip NMD. There were no variant studies performed. The Drosophila gish gene encodes a CK1γ homolog with preferential expression in the mushroom body. Heterozygous and homozygous mutants exhibit impairment in memory retention, more severe in homozygous flies. gish was also identified as a seizure modifier in a fly epilepsy model (heterozygous para mt flies). Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.4991 | SREBF1 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: SREBF1: Added comment: HMD phenotype: 5 unrelated families reported with heterozygous variants at same residue (p.Arg557Cys and p.Arg557His) and a panepithelial defect involving the oral, nasal, conjunctival, vaginal, cervical, perineal, urethral, and bladder mucosa. Individuals developed cataracts, blindness, nonscarring alopecia, perineal psoriasiform lesions, and follicular keratoses.; Changed publications: 32497488, 31790666, 32902915; Changed phenotypes: IFAP (ichthyosis follicularis, atrichia, and photophobia) syndrome 2, MIM619016, Mucoepithelial dysplasia, hereditary, MIM#158310 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.4910 | LMX1B | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: LMX1B were changed from to Nail-patella syndrome (MIM#161200); LMX1B-related nephropathy | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.4903 | LMX1B | Teresa Zhao reviewed gene: LMX1B: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 27450397; Phenotypes: Nail-patella syndrome (MIM#161200), LMX1B-related nephropathy; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.4903 | JPH2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: JPH2 were changed from to Cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic, MIM#613873; dilated cardiomyopathy | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.4899 | JPH2 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: JPH2: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 30681346, 17509612, 23973696, 26869393, 28393127, 30235249, 31227780; Phenotypes: Cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic, MIM#613873, dilated cardiomyopathy; Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.4886 | KIRREL3 |
Zornitza Stark gene: KIRREL3 was added gene: KIRREL3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list refuted tags were added to gene: KIRREL3. Mode of inheritance for gene: KIRREL3 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: KIRREL3 were set to 19012874 Phenotypes for gene: KIRREL3 were set to Intellectual disability Review for gene: KIRREL3 was set to RED Added comment: Variants associated with ID have now been re-classified based on population frequency. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.4878 | MAG | Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Spastic paraplegia-75 is an autosomal recessive, slowly progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by onset of spastic paraplegia and cognitive impairment in childhood. Eight unrelated families reported.; to: Spastic paraplegia-75 is an autosomal recessive, slowly progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by onset of spastic paraplegia and cognitive impairment in childhood. Eight unrelated families reported with variable combinations of psychomotor delay, ataxia, eye movement abnormalities, spasticity, dystonia, and neuropathic symptoms. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.4874 | ITFG2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: ITFG2 was added gene: ITFG2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ITFG2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: ITFG2 were set to 28397838; https://doi.org/10.1038/s41525-020-00150-z Phenotypes for gene: ITFG2 were set to Neurodevelopmental abnormality; Intellectual disability; Developmental regression; Ataxia Review for gene: ITFG2 was set to AMBER Added comment: ITFG2 was suggested to be a candidate gene for autosomal recessive ID in the study by Harripaul et al (2018 - PMID: 28397838). The authors performed microarray and exome sequencing in 192 consanguineous families and identified a homozygous ITGF2 stopgain variant (NM_018463.3:c.472G>T / p.Glu158*) along with 3 additional variants segregating with ID within an investigated family (PK51). Cheema et al (2020 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41525-020-00150-z) report briefly on a male, born to consanguineous parents presenting with NDD, seizures, regression and ataxia. There was a similarly affected female sibling. Evaluation of ROH revealed a homozygous ITFG2 nonsense variant [NM_018463.3:c.361C>T / p.(Gln121*)]. Families in this study were investigated by trio WES or WGS. Evaluation of data of the same lab revealed 3 additional unrelated subjects with overlapping phenotypes, notably NDD and ataxia. These individuals were - each - homozygous for pLoF variants [NM_018463.3:c.848-1G>A; NM_018463.3:c.704dupC, p.(Ala236fs), NM_018463.3:c.1000_1001delAT, p.(Ile334fs)]. As discussed in OMIM, ITFG2 encodes a subunit of the KICSTOR protein complex, having a role in regulating nutrient sensing by MTOR complex-1 (Wolfson et al 2017 - PMID : 28199306). Rated Amber as Cheema et al report on diagnostic outcomes and multiple candidate genes as part of a heterogenous cohort and details are therefore limited. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.4872 | SHMT2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: SHMT2 was added gene: SHMT2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SHMT2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SHMT2 were set to 33015733 Phenotypes for gene: SHMT2 were set to Congenital microcephaly; Infantile axial hypotonia; Spastic paraparesis; Global developmental delay; Intellectual disability; Abnormality of the corpus callosum; Abnormal cortical gyration; Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; Abnormality of the face; Proximal placement of thumb; 2-3 toe syndactyly Review for gene: SHMT2 was set to GREEN Added comment: García‑Cazorla et al. (2020 - PMID: 33015733) report 5 individuals (from 4 families) with a novel brain and heart developmental syndrome caused by biallelic SHMT2 pathogenic variants. All affected subjects presented similar phenotype incl. microcephaly at birth (5/5 with OFC < -2 SD though in 2/5 cases N OFC was observed later), DD and ID (1/5 mild-moderate, 1/5 moderate, 3/5 severe), motor dysfunction in the form of spastic (5/5) paraparesis, ataxia/dysmetria (3/4), intention tremor (in 3/?) and/or peripheral neuropathy (2 sibs). They exhibited corpus callosum hypoplasia (5/5) and perisylvian microgyria-like pattern (4/5). Cardiac problems were reported in all, with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in 4/5 (from 3 families) and atrial-SD in the 5th individual (1/5). Common dysmorphic features incl. long palpebral/fissures, eversion of lateral third of lower eylids, arched eyebrows, long eyelashes, thin upper lip, short Vth finger, fetal pads, mild 2-3 toe syndactyly, proximally placed thumbs. Biallelic variants were identified following exome sequencing in all (other investigations not mentioned). Identified variants were in all cases missense SNVs or in-frame del, which together with evidence from population databases and mouse model might suggest a hypomorphic effect of variants and intolerance/embryonic lethality for homozygous LoF ones. SHMT2 encodes the mitohondrial form of serine hydroxymethyltransferase. The enzyme transfers one-carbon units from serine to tetrahydrofolate (THF) and generates glycine and 5,10,methylene-THF. Mitochondrial defect was suggested by presence of ragged red fibers in myocardial biopsy of one patient. Quadriceps and myocardial biopsies of the same individual were overall suggestive of myopathic changes. While plasma metabolites were within N range and SHMT2 protein levels not significantly altered in patient fibroblasts, the authors provide evidence for impaired enzymatic function eg. presence of the SHMT2 substrate (THF) in patient but not control (mitochondria-enriched) fibroblasts , decrease in glycine/serine ratios, impared folate metabolism. Patient fibroblasts displayed impaired oxidative capacity (reduced ATP levels in a medium without glucose, diminished oxygen consumption rates). Mitochondrial membrane potential and ROS levels were also suggestive of redox malfunction. Shmt2 ko in mice was previously shown to be embryonically lethal attributed to severe mitochondrial respiration defects, although there was no observed brain metabolic defect. The authors performed Shmt2 knockdown in motoneurons in Drosophila, demonstrating neuromuscular junction (# of satellite boutons) and motility defects (climbing distance/velocity). Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.4860 | VPS16 |
Zornitza Stark gene: VPS16 was added gene: VPS16 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: VPS16 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: VPS16 were set to 32808683 Phenotypes for gene: VPS16 were set to Dystonia Added comment: 18 individuals reported with high-impact variants in VPS16 and a progressive early onset dystonia (median age 12 years, range 3–50 years), with prominent oromandibular, bulbar, cervical, and upper limb involvement. Progressive generalization ensued, although most remained ambulant, and only a minority (16%) lost the ability to walk in adulthood. Additional clinical features of mild to moderate intellectual disability and neuropsychiatric symptoms were present in approximately one‐third. In 4 individuals, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed bilateral and symmetrical hypointensity of the globi pallidi and sometimes also the midbrain and dentate nuclei, suggestive of iron deposition. Mild generalized cerebral atrophy was also apparent in 4 individuals. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.4844 | ARX | Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ARX was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.4843 | ARX | Elena Savva reviewed gene: ARX: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID: 14722918, 19738637, 32519823, 28150386, 21496008; Phenotypes: Epileptic encephalopathy, early infantile, 1 MIM#308350, Hydranencephaly with abnormal genitalia MIM#300215, Lissencephaly, X-linked 2 MIM#300215, Mental retardation, X-linked 29 and others MIM#300419, Partington syndrome MIM#309510, Proud syndrome MIM#300004; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males); Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.4808 | ALG14 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ALG14 were changed from Myasthenic syndrome, congenital, 15, without tubular aggregates 616227; Intellectual developmental disorder with epilepsy, behavioral abnormalities, and coarse facies (IDDEBF), MIM#619031; Disorder of N-glycosylation to Myasthenic syndrome, congenital, 15, without tubular aggregates 616227; Intellectual developmental disorder with epilepsy, behavioral abnormalities, and coarse facies (IDDEBF), MIM#619031; Myopathy, epilepsy, and progressive cerebral atrophy, MIM# 619036; Disorder of N-glycosylation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.4807 | ALG14 | Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: 5 individuals from unrelated families described in the literature: one with myasthenic syndrome, no report of ID; second with predominantly ID phenotype; and three more with a neurodegenerative phenotype. ALG14 is part of the UDP-GlcNAc transferase, which catalyzes a key step in endoplasmic reticulum N-linked glycosylation; to: 5 individuals from unrelated families described in the literature: one with myasthenic syndrome, no report of ID; second with predominantly ID phenotype; and three more with a neurodegenerative phenotype. ALG14 is part of the UDP-GlcNAc transferase, which catalyzes a key step in endoplasmic reticulum N-linked glycosylation. The three OMIM disorders may represent a spectrum of severity for CDG. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.4807 | ALG14 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: ALG14: Changed phenotypes: Myasthenic syndrome, congenital, 15, without tubular aggregates 616227, Intellectual developmental disorder with epilepsy, behavioral abnormalities, and coarse facies (IDDEBF), MIM#619031, Myopathy, epilepsy, and progressive cerebral atrophy, MIM# 619036, Disorder of N-glycosylation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.4784 | RNPC3 |
Zornitza Stark gene: RNPC3 was added gene: RNPC3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: RNPC3 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: RNPC3 were set to 29866761; 32462814 Phenotypes for gene: RNPC3 were set to Growth hormone deficiency Review for gene: RNPC3 was set to AMBER Added comment: Two families reported. PMID 29866761: isolated growth deficiency and pituitary hypoplasia. PMID 32462814: growth hormone deficiency, central congenital hypothyroidism, congenital cataract, developmental delay/intellectual deficiency and delayed puberty. Full spectrum of phenotype unclear at present. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.4783 | PRICKLE3 |
Teresa Zhao gene: PRICKLE3 was added gene: PRICKLE3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: PRICKLE3 was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) Publications for gene: PRICKLE3 were set to 32516135 Phenotypes for gene: PRICKLE3 were set to Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy MIM#535000 Review for gene: PRICKLE3 was set to AMBER Added comment: Reported as X-linked LHON modifier (c.157C>T, p.Arg53Trp) in PRICKLE3 in 3 Chinese families. All affected individuals carried both ND4 11778G>A and p.Arg53Trp mutations, while subjects bearing only a single mutation exhibited normal vision. Defective assembly, stability, and function of ATP synthase observed using Lymphoblastoid cell lines from one of the families. This finding indicated that the p.Arg53Trp mutation acted in synergy with the m.11778G>A mutation and deteriorated mitochondrial dysfunctions necessary for the expression of LHON. Prickle3-deficient mice exhibited pronounced ATPase deficiencies. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.4783 | GBF1 |
Paul De Fazio changed review comment from: Four unrelated families with individuals affected by sporadic or dominant Distal hereditary motor neuropathies (HMNs) or axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy (CMT2). 3 missense variants (1 de novo) and 1 nonsense variant (de novo). Authors observed marked increase in Golgi fragmentation in primary fibroblasts derived from all affected individuals. Sources: Literature; to: Four unrelated families with individuals affected by sporadic or dominant Distal hereditary motor neuropathies (HMNs) or axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy (CMT2). 3 missense variants (1 de novo) and 1 nonsense variant (de novo). Age of onset varied from childhood (nonsense variant) to 50s. Authors observed marked increase in Golgi fragmentation in primary fibroblasts derived from all affected individuals. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.4781 | MBTPS1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: MBTPS1 was added gene: MBTPS1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: MBTPS1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: MBTPS1 were set to 32857899; 32420688; 30046013 Phenotypes for gene: MBTPS1 were set to Skeletal dysplasia Review for gene: MBTPS1 was set to GREEN Added comment: Three unrelated individuals reported with bi-allelic variants in this gene and a skeletal dysplasia, one described with SRS-like features. Elevated blood lysosomal enzymes are also a feature. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.4780 | GBF1 |
Paul De Fazio gene: GBF1 was added gene: GBF1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: GBF1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Publications for gene: GBF1 were set to 32937143 Phenotypes for gene: GBF1 were set to Axonal Neuropathy Review for gene: GBF1 was set to GREEN gene: GBF1 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: Four unrelated families with individuals affected by sporadic or dominant Distal hereditary motor neuropathies (HMNs) or axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy (CMT2). 3 missense variants (1 de novo) and 1 nonsense variant (de novo). Authors observed marked increase in Golgi fragmentation in primary fibroblasts derived from all affected individuals. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.4770 | NEMF |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Nine individuals from 7 unrelated families reported with a mixed CNS/PNS phenotype. 7/9 had ID, 4/9 had formal assessments demonstrating axonal neuropathy, 3/9 had ataxia; muscular atrophy, hypotonia, respiratory distress, scoliosis also described in some. Three independently generated mouse models had progressive motor neuron degeneration. Sources: Literature; to: Nine individuals from 7 unrelated families reported with a mixed CNS/PNS phenotype. 7/9 had ID, 4/9 had formal assessments demonstrating axonal neuropathy, 3/9 had ataxia; muscular atrophy, hypotonia, respiratory distress, scoliosis also described in some. Three independently generated mouse models had progressive motor neuron degeneration. Single individual with de novo variant reported, postulated dominant negative effect. Evidence for mono allelic variants causing disease is limited. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.4751 | NUP188 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: NUP188 were changed from microcephaly; ID; cataract; structural brain abnormalities; hypoventilation to Sandestig-Stefanova syndrome, 618804; microcephaly; ID; cataract; structural brain abnormalities; hypoventilation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.4750 | NUP188 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: NUP188: Changed phenotypes: Sandestig-Stefanova syndrome, 618804, microcephaly, ID, cataract, structural brain abnormalities, hypoventilation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.4749 | SETD1A |
Zornitza Stark gene: SETD1A was added gene: SETD1A was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SETD1A was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: SETD1A were set to 31197650; 32346159 Phenotypes for gene: SETD1A were set to Epilepsy, early-onset, with or without developmental delay, MIM# 618832 Review for gene: SETD1A was set to GREEN Added comment: 19 unrelated individuals reported with de novo variants in this gene and a neurodevelopmental phenotype, primarily manifesting and ID and seizures. LOF mechanism supported by functional data. Three mouse models. SNPs in this gene have also been associated with risk of developing schizophrenia. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.4747 | HPDL |
Zornitza Stark commented on gene: HPDL: 17 individuals from 13 families, with a spectrum of neurologic impairment ranging from a severe congenital form without any neurological development (n = 2/17, 12%) to infantile-onset presentations (n = 10/17, 59%) with moderate to severe neurodevelopmental issues, partly with a pathology reminiscent of mitochondrial disease (Leigh-like syndrome), to juvenile-onset spastic paraplegia (n = 5/17, 29%). Frequently observed clinical findings included chronic progression of neurological signs (n = 16/17, 94%), motor developmental delay (n = 12/17, 71%), intellectual impairment (n = 11/17, 65%), microcephaly (n = 9/16, 56%), and seizures/epilepsy (n = 9/17, 53%). Other relevant clinical findings were visual disturbances/strabismus (n = 9/17, 53%) and loss of developmental milestones (n = 6/17, 35%). Acute central respiratory failure leading to life-threatening events requiring partly mechanically assisted ventilation occurred in half of individuals with infantile presentation (n = 5/10, 50%), respectively one third of all individuals (n = 5/17, 29%). Demyelinating neuropathy was present in three individuals (n = 3/11, 27%), with reduced sensory nerve conduction velocity (NCV) in all and severely reduced motor NCV in one. |
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| Mendeliome v0.4743 | SCN1A | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: SCN1A: Added comment: Note we have reported the association with AMC previously in PMID 29543227 (Supplementary info) in an infant presenting with AMC and severe EE, and de novo p.(Ile1347Asn) variant which at the time was thought to only partially explain the phenotype, but in light of this new report, likely fully explains the phenotype. Given the presence of severe seizure disorder in the two infants who were phenotyped in the newborn period, this likely represents the severe end of the spectrum of SCN1A-related disorders rather than a distinct association.; Changed phenotypes: Epileptic encephalopathy, early infantile, 6 (Dravet syndrome), MIM# 607208, Genetic Epilepsy Febrile Seizures plus (GEFS+) Syndrome, Febrile seizures, Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.4743 | PRKD1 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: PMID: 32817298 (2020) - Two additional unrelated cases with de novo variants, c.1774G>C and c.1808G>A, and telangiectasia, ectodermal dysplasia, brachydactyly and congenital heart disease. Functional analysis using in vitro kinase assays with recombinant proteins showed that the c.1808G>A, p.(Arg603His) variant represents a gain-of-function mutation encoding an enzyme with a constitutive, lipid-independent catalytic activity. The c.1774G>C, p.(Gly592Arg) variant in contrast shows a defect in substrate phosphorylation representing a loss-of-function mutation. c.1774G>C, p.(Gly592Arg) is recurrent, reported in 3/5 individuals.; to: PMID: 27479907 (2016): three individuals reported, two with the c.1774G>A variant and one with the c.896T>G variant. All had congenital heart disease, two had some developmental delay, and two had variable features of ectodermal dysplasia, including sparse hair, dry skin, thin skin, fragile nails, premature loss of primary teeth, and small widely spaced teeth; the third individuals had a 'disorganized eyebrow.' PMID: 32817298 (2020) - Two additional unrelated cases with de novo variants, c.1774G>C and c.1808G>A, and telangiectasia, ectodermal dysplasia, brachydactyly and congenital heart disease. Functional analysis using in vitro kinase assays with recombinant proteins showed that the c.1808G>A, p.(Arg603His) variant represents a gain-of-function mutation encoding an enzyme with a constitutive, lipid-independent catalytic activity. The c.1774G>C, p.(Gly592Arg) variant in contrast shows a defect in substrate phosphorylation representing a loss-of-function mutation. c.1774G>C, p.(Gly592Arg) is recurrent, reported in 3/5 individuals. |
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| Mendeliome v0.4724 | IGSF10 |
Bryony Thompson gene: IGSF10 was added gene: IGSF10 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: IGSF10 was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: IGSF10 were set to 27137492; 31042289 Phenotypes for gene: IGSF10 were set to delayed puberty; hypogonadotropic hypogonadism; primary ovary insufficiency Review for gene: IGSF10 was set to AMBER Added comment: PMID: 27137492 - 4 Finnish families segregating p.Glu161Lys, but Finnish MAF in ExAC is 2%. Another six additional families with a possible missense, but variants are seen in ExAC suggesting incomplete penetrance. Supporting in vitro functional assays and zebrafish model. PMID: 31042289 - 2 unrelated consanguineous families with homozygous variants and family with a heterozygous frameshift and apparent incomplete penetrance. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.4722 | PFN1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: PFN1 were changed from to Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 18 (MIM# 614808); Paget’s disease of bone | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.4720 | PFN1 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: PFN1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 31802421, 31611772, 31401564, 30203378, 28040732, 22801503; Phenotypes: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 18, MIM# 614808; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.4714 | PFN1 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: PFN1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 23141414, 22801503, 25499087, 24309268, 22801503, 26908597; Phenotypes: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 18 (MIM# 614808); Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.4700 | SMPX | Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SMPX was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.4699 | SMPX | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: SMPX: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 21549342, 21549336, 21893181, 22911656, 28542515; Phenotypes: Deafness, X-linked 4, MIM# 300066; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.4693 | MYH9 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: MYH9 were changed from to Deafness, autosomal dominant 17, MIM# 603622; Macrothrombocytopenia and granulocyte inclusions with or without nephritis or sensorineural hearing loss, MIM# 155100; MYH9-related disorders | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.4690 | MYH9 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: MYH9: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 9390828, 24890873, 17146397, 25505834, 16630581, 16162639, 23976996, 21908426; Phenotypes: Deafness, autosomal dominant 17, MIM# 603622, Macrothrombocytopenia and granulocyte inclusions with or without nephritis or sensorineural hearing loss, MIM# 155100, MYH9-related disorders; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.4685 | RPL9 | Arina Puzriakova changed review comment from: PMID: 31799629 (2020) - One individual diagnosed with Diamond Blackfan anaemia carrying a de novo variant (c.-2+1G>C) in the 5′UTR of RPL9, predicted to affect the donor splice site of exon 1. Functional studies showed the variant impairs processing of pre-rRNA during ribosome biogenesis, stabilises TP53 and impairs the proliferation and differentiation of erythroid cells. Zebrafish models of RPL9 LoF recapitulate the anaemia phenotype.; to: PMID: 31799629 (2020) - Female infant diagnosed with Diamond-Blackfan anaemia carrying a de novo variant (c.-2+1G>C) in the 5′UTR of RPL9, predicted to affect the donor splice site of exon 1. Phenotypic overlap can be seen with the previously reported case with the same variant, including colitis, thumb anomaly, and microcephaly. Functional studies showed the variant impairs processing of pre-rRNA during ribosome biogenesis, stabilises TP53 and impairs the proliferation and differentiation of erythroid cells. Zebrafish models of RPL9 LoF recapitulate the anaemia phenotype. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.4672 | ALG13 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ALG13 were changed from to Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Is (MIM# 300884) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.4670 | ALG13 | Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ALG13 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.4669 | ALG13 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: ALG13: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 23033978, 23934111, 24781210, 24896178, 25732998, 26138355, 26482601, 28940310, 32238909; Phenotypes: Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Is (MIM# 300884); Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.4668 | BLOC1S5 |
Zornitza Stark gene: BLOC1S5 was added gene: BLOC1S5 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: BLOC1S5 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: BLOC1S5 were set to 32565547 Phenotypes for gene: BLOC1S5 were set to Hermansky–Pudlak syndrome Review for gene: BLOC1S5 was set to GREEN Added comment: 2 unrelated patients with mild oculocutaneous albinism, moderate bleeding diathesis, platelet aggregation deficit, and a dramatically decreased number of platelet dense granules, all signs compatible with HPS. Identified distinct homozygous variants in the BLOC1S5 gene (patient 1: deletion of exons 3 and 4, patient 2: 1-bp deletion in exon 4). Parental segregation confirmatory in patient 1, quantitative PCR analysis confirmatory in patient 2). Functional tests performed on platelets of one patient displayed an absence of the obligate multisubunit complex BLOC-1, showing that the variant disrupts BLOC1S5 function and impairs BLOC-1 assembly. Expression of the patient-derived BLOC1S5 deletion in nonpigmented murine Bloc1s5-/- melan-mu melanocytes failed to rescue pigmentation, the assembly of a functional BLOC-1 complex, and melanosome cargo trafficking, unlike the wild-type allele. Pathogenic variants in the genes encoding three other BLOC-1 subunits (DTNBP1, BLOC1S3, and BLOC1S6) underlie HPS types 7, 8, and 9 respectively. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.4647 | COCH |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Mono-allelic variants: Over 50 affected individuals from more than 10 families reported, mouse model. Dominant negative effect postulated. Bi-allelic variants: three families reported with bi-allelic variants in this gene and deafness. All variants are LOF, some functional data. PMIDs 29449721, 32939038, 32562050.; to: Mono-allelic variants: Over 50 affected individuals from more than 10 families reported, mouse model. Dominant negative effect postulated. Bi-allelic variants: three families reported with bi-allelic variants in this gene and deafness. All variants are LOF, some functional data. PMIDs 29449721, 32939038, 32562050. |
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| Mendeliome v0.4647 | COCH |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Over 50 affected individuals from more than 10 families reported, mouse model. Single family with two siblings reported with bi-allelic variants in this gene and deafness (homozygous LOF) in PMID 29449721, evidence for bi-allelic disease is limited.; to: Mono-allelic variants: Over 50 affected individuals from more than 10 families reported, mouse model. Dominant negative effect postulated. Bi-allelic variants: three families reported with bi-allelic variants in this gene and deafness. All variants are LOF, some functional data. PMIDs 29449721, 32939038, 32562050. |
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| Mendeliome v0.4639 | EYA4 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: EYA4 were changed from to Deafness, autosomal dominant 10, MIM# 601316; Cardiomyopathy, dilated, 1J, MIM# 605362 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.4636 | EYA4 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: EYA4: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 11159937, 17568404, 25681523, 25963406, 25242383, 26331839, 18219393, 27545760, 15735644, 10769282, 30155266; Phenotypes: Deafness, autosomal dominant 10, MIM# 601316, Cardiomyopathy, dilated, 1J, MIM# 605362; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.4625 | MIEF2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: MIEF2 were changed from Progressive muscle weakness; Exercise intolerance; Ragged red and COX negative fibres; Complex I and IV deficiency to Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 49, MIM# 619024; Progressive muscle weakness; Exercise intolerance; Ragged red and COX negative fibres; Complex I and IV deficiency | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.4624 | MRPS25 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: MRPS25 were changed from Dyskinetic cerebral palsy; Mitochondrial myopathy; Partial agenesis of the corpus callosum to Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 50, MIM# 619025; Dyskinetic cerebral palsy; Mitochondrial myopathy; Partial agenesis of the corpus callosum | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.4623 | MRPS25 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: MRPS25: Changed phenotypes: Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 50, MIM# 619025, Dyskinetic cerebral palsy, Mitochondrial myopathy, Partial agenesis of the corpus callosum | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.4623 | MIEF2 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: MIEF2: Changed phenotypes: Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 49, MIM# 619024, Progressive muscle weakness, Exercise intolerance, Ragged red and COX negative fibres, Complex I and IV deficiency | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.4622 | COL4A5 | Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: COL4A5 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.4621 | COL4A5 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: COL4A5: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Alport syndrome 1, X-linked, MIM# 301050; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.4568 | RPS20 |
Bryony Thompson gene: RPS20 was added gene: RPS20 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: RPS20 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: RPS20 were set to 32790018 Phenotypes for gene: RPS20 were set to Diamond Blackfan anaemia Mode of pathogenicity for gene: RPS20 was set to Other Review for gene: RPS20 was set to AMBER Added comment: Two unrelated cases where a de novo variant involving Ile84 (Ile84Ser and Ile84Asn), and reduce the RPS20 protein level in patient cells. Yeast models with mutation of the cognate residue resulted in defects in growth, ribosome biogenesis, and polysome formation. Loss of function may not be the mechanism of disease, because loss of function variants appear to be exclusively associated with familial colorectal cancer without the DBA phenotype. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.4557 | MECP2 | Arina Puzriakova reviewed gene: MECP2: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 32469049; Phenotypes: Rett syndrome, 312750; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.4548 | KIAA1161 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: KIAA1161: Added comment: In a cohort study comprising 435 individuals with primary brain calcification, 38 individuals identified with mono-allelic variants in this gene, in addition to 14 with bi-allelic variants. Clinical and imaging penetrance of individuals with bi-allelic variants were 100%, whereas among individuals with heterozygous variants, penetrance of imaging phenotype was reduced to 73.7% (28 of 38) and clinical penetrance was much lower. Most (34 of 38) remained asymptomatic whereas 4 had symptoms of uncertain clinical significance (nonspecific depression, epilepsy and late-onset parkinsonism). Compared with individuals with biallelic MYORG variants, individuals with heterozygous variants had brain calcifications with much lower calcification scores (P < 2e-16). HGNC approved name is MYORG.; Changed publications: 30656188, 30649222, 30460687, 29910000, 31951047; Changed mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.4548 | ALG14 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ALG14 were changed from to Myasthenic syndrome, congenital, 15, without tubular aggregates 616227; Intellectual developmental disorder with epilepsy, behavioral abnormalities, and coarse facies (IDDEBF), MIM#619031; Disorder of N-glycosylation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.4545 | ALG14 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: ALG14: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 30221345, 23404334, 28733338; Phenotypes: Myasthenic syndrome, congenital, 15, without tubular aggregates 616227, Intellectual developmental disorder with epilepsy, behavioral abnormalities, and coarse facies (IDDEBF), MIM#619031, Disorder of N-glycosylation; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.4528 | NSUN3 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: NSUN3 were changed from combined mitochondrial respiratory chain complex deficiency to Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 48, MIM# 619012 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.4526 | NSUN3 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: NSUN3: Added comment: Second family reported with early-onset mitochondrial encephalomyopathy and seizures.; Changed publications: 27356879, 32488845; Changed phenotypes: Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 48, MIM# 619012 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.4525 | LIFR |
Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: LIFR: Added comment: Bi-allelic variants: At least 28 unique variants (nonsense, frameshift, splicing, missense, gross deletions) have been reported in individuals with Stuve-Wiedemann syndrome/Schwartz-Jampel type 2 syndrome, 22 of which are predicted to cause LOF, suggesting homozygous LOF is the mechanism of disease for this gene. Variants in this gene have been reported in at least 22 probands in four publications. Mono-allelic variants: associated with CAKUT in 4 individuals, mouse model recapitulates phenotype.; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed publications: 14740318, 20447141, 24988918, 29620724, 28334964; Changed phenotypes: Stuve-Wiedemann syndrome/Schwartz-Jampel type 2 syndrome, MIM# 601559, CAKUT; Changed mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal |
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| Mendeliome v0.4520 | SLC12A2 |
Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: SLC12A2: Added comment: Monoallelic : DD/ID was a feature in >= 6 individuals with monoallelic de novo SLC12A2. An individual with an exon 22 truncating variant was reported to have normal milestones and cognitive function. Exon 21 variants have been described in individuals with rather isolated hearing impairment (possibly some associated motor delay, but normal cognition). Hearing impairment was also reported in 2/6 patients with variants in other exons (1 missense / 1 frameshift). Biallelic : DD/ID was reported in at least 3 individuals in literature. Hearing impairment has been reported on 2 occasions (although this was not probably evaluated in all subjects). --- Monoallelic SLC12A2 mutations : ► Individuals with de novo mutations and developmental disorder were first identified by the DDD study (2017 - PMID: 28135719). 5 of them have been reported in detail by McNeill et al (below). ► McNeill et al (2020 - PMID: 32658972) report on 6 individuals with neurodevelopmental disorder due to de novo SLC12A2 mutation. All presented DD or ID ranging from mild to severe. ASD was reported in 3/6. Sensorineural hearing loss was a feature in 2/6 with the remaining having normal formal evaluations. Brain, cardiac and/or additional malformations were reported in a single individual. Following non-diagnostic prior work-up (CMA, FMR1 or other investigations) trio exome sequencing revealed missense (4/6) or truncating variants (2/6). Three additional individuals (incl. a father and his son) with missense variants in exon 21 (NM_001046.3 / p.Glu979Lys and p.Glu980Lys) presented with bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. Speech and/or motor delay reported in these cases were attributed to the hearing impairment/vestibular arreflexia (cognitive abilities not tested). SLC12A2 encodes sodium-potassium-chloride transporter 1 (also NKCC1). The GTEx project has identified 8 isoforms. In brain both exon 21-containing/deleted isoforms are expressed (cited Morita et al 2014 - PMID: 24695712). As the authors discuss, RNA-seq of the developing mouse cochlea suggests that the exon 21 containing isoform is the single transcript expressed. Evidence from RNA-seq data (BrainSpan project) and literature suggests that the significant amounts of exon 21 lacking isoforms in fetal brain compensate for the deleterious effects of exon 21 variants and explain the lack of NDD in relevant patients. Slc12a2 (NKCC1) null mouse model has demonstrated that the transporter plays a role in accumulation of the potassium rich endolymph in the inner ear, with NKCC1 absence causing sensorineural deafness and imbalance. Slc12a2 display cochlear malformations, loss of hair cells and hearing impairment (cited Delpire et al 1999 - PMID: 10369265). The brain phenotype has not been studied extensively, although loss of Slc12a2 has been shown to inhibit neurogenesis (cited: Magalhães and Rivera et al. - PMID: 27582690). Slc12a2 null zebrafish display a collapse of the otic vesicle and reduced endolymph (Abbas and Whitfield, 2009 - PMID: 19633174) relevant to the human hearing disorder. In vitro assessment of NKCC1 ion transporter function in Xenopus laevis, supported the deleterious effect of the identified variants (significant reduction in K+ influx). Using available single cell RNA-seq data the authors further demonstrated that SLC12A2 expressing cells display transcriptomic profiles reflective of active neurogenesis. ► Delpire et al (2016 - PMID: 27900370 - not reviewed in detail) described a 13 y.o. girl harboring a de novo 11-bp deletion in SLC12A2 exon 22. This individual reached developmental milestones on time and had a NORMAL cognitive function. Hearing was seemingly normal. Features included orthostatic intolerance, respiratory weakness, multiple endocrine abnormalities, pancreatic insufficiency and multiorgan failure incl. gut and bladder. Exome in the proband, parents and 3 unaffected sibs suggested SLC12A2 as the only candidate for her phenotype. Functional analyses in Xenopus laevis oocytes suggested that a non functional transporter was expressed and trafficked to the membrane as the wt. Detection of the truncated protein at higher molecular sizes suggested either enhanced dimerization or misfolded aggregate. There was no dominant-negative effect of mutant NKCC1. In patient fibroblasts a reduced total and NKCC1-mediated K+ influx. ► Mutai et al (2020 - PMID: 32294086) report on several individuals from 4 families, harboring variants within exon 21 or - in one case - at it's 3' splice-site (leading to skipping oe this exon at the mRNA level). All subjects were investigated for severe/profound hearing loss (in line with the role of exon 21-included isoforms in cochlea. The variant segregated with hearing impairment in 3 generations of a family while in all other subjects the variant had occured as de novo event. Despite motor delays (e.g. the subject from fam2 could not hold head or sit at the age of 10m / the proband in Fam3 was able to hold his head and walk at 6 and 20 m respectively) behavior and cognition were commented to be within normal range. ----- Biallelic SLC12A2 mutations: ► Anazi et al (2017 - PMID: 29288388) briefly reported on a 3 y.o. boy (17DG0776) with central hypotonia, neonatal respiratory distress, failure to thrive, global DD and microcephaly and a skeletal survey suggestive of osteopenia. After non-diagnostic prior investigations (CMA revealing a 1p duplication classified as VUS, extensive metabolic workup), WES revealed a homozygous SLC12A2 splicing variant [NM_001046.2:c.2617-2A>G]. ► Macnamara et al (2019 - PMID: 30740830) described a 5.5 y.o. male with sensorineural hearing loss, profound delays in all developmental areas among several other features (choanal atresia, failure to thrive, respiratory problems, absent sweat and tear production or salivation, GI abnormalities). Genetic testing for several disorders considered (cystic fibrosis, spinal muscular atrophy, sequencing and del/dup analysis of mtDNA) was normal. CMA revealed paternal uniparental isodisomy for chr. 5 and WGS a homozygous 22kb deletion in SLC12A2. This was followed by confirmation of homozygosity in the proband, heterozygosity of the unaffected father, delineation of breakpoints (chr5:127441491-127471419). mRNA studies in patient fibroblasts confirmed deletion of ex2-7, splicing of ex1 directly to ex8 and introduction of a premature stop codon in ex9. qRT-PCR confirmed that mRNA is likely subjected to NMD (expression ~80% of control). Western blot confirmed absence of the protein in the patient's fibroblasts. Again mouse models are thought to recapitulate the hearing defect but also the deficient saliva production (cited Evans et al 2000 - PMID: 10831596). Again the authors speculate a role of SLC12A2 in brain development based on evidence from murine models (migration, dendritic growth, increse in neuron density through regulation of GABAergic signalling (Young et al 2012 - PMID: 23015452). Hypotheses are also made on a regulatory relationship between NKCC1 and CFTR based on mRNA data from the ko mouse model. ► Stödberg et al (2020 - PMID: 32754646) reported 2 sibs with a complex neurodevelopmental disorder due to compound heterozygosity for a frameshift SLC12A2 variant and a splicing one (NM_001046:c.1431delT and c.2006-1G>A). Both presented hypotonia, neonatal S. aureus parotitis and respiratory problems (incl. apneas). While the older sib died at the age of 22 days, the younger one had persistent respiratory issues incl. a dry respiratory mucosa motivating metabolic, immunology investigations and testing for CF. She displayed microcephaly (OFC -2.5 SD, H was also -3.5SD), severe intellectual disability. MRI was suggestive of white matter and basal ganglia abnormalities. Other features incl. hearing impairment, and lack of tears,saliva and sweat, constipation and intestinal malrotation. There was facial dysmorphism. The variants were the only retained following WGS of the 2 affected sisters, parents and an unaffected brother. The splicing variant was shown to result in skipping of exon 13, while the indel in NMD. Again the authors discuss that the deficient saliva production, impaired hearing and GI problems are recapitulated in the mouse model (several refs provided).; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed publications: 28135719, 32658972, 27900370, 32294086, 29288388, 30740830, 32754646; Changed phenotypes: Kilquist syndrome, deafness, intellectual disability, dysmorphic features, absent salivation, ectodermal dysplasia, constipation, intestinal malrotation, multiple congenital anomalies; Changed mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal |
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| Mendeliome v0.4503 | ZMYM2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: ZMYM2 was added gene: ZMYM2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ZMYM2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: ZMYM2 were set to 32891193 Phenotypes for gene: ZMYM2 were set to Congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract; Neurodevelopmental disorder Review for gene: ZMYM2 was set to GREEN Added comment: Heterozygous pathogenic (pLoF) ZMYM2 variants have been reported in individuals with syndromic presentation including CAKUT (in several cases) and variable neurological manifestations among extra-renal features. -- Connaughton et al (2020 - PMID: 32891193) report on 19 individuals (from 15 unrelated families) with heterozygous pathogenic ZMYM2 variants. Affected individuals from 7 families presented with CAKUT while all of them displayed extra-renal features. Neurological manifestations were reported in 16 individuals from 14 families (data not available for 1 fam), among others hypotonia (3/14 fam), speech delay (4/14 fam), global DD (9/14 fam), ID (4/14 fam), microcephaly (4/14 fam). ASD was reported in 4 fam (4 indiv). Seizures were reported in 2 fam (2 indiv). Variable other features included cardiac defects, facial dysmorphisms, small hands and feet with dys-/hypo-plastic nails and clinodactyly. 14 pLoF variants were identified, in most cases as de novo events (8 fam). In 2 families the variant was inherited from an affected parent. Germline mosaicism occurred in 1 family. The human disease features were recapitulated in a X. tropicalis morpholino knockdown, with expression of truncating variants failing to rescue renal and craniofacial defects. Heterozygous Zmym2-deficient mice also recapitulated the features of CAKUT. ZMYM2 (previously ZNF198) encodes a nuclear zinc finger protein localizing to the nucleus (and PML nuclear body). It has previously been identified as transcriptional corepressor interacting with nuclear receptors and the LSD1-CoREST-HDAC1 complex. It has also been shown to interact with FOXP transcription factors. The authors provide evidence for loss of interaction of the truncated ZMYM2 with FOXP1 (mutations in the latter having recently been reported in syndromic CAKUT). Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.4501 | MTX2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: MTX2 was added gene: MTX2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: MTX2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: MTX2 were set to 32917887 Phenotypes for gene: MTX2 were set to Mandibuloacral dysplasia; lipodystrophy; arterial calcification Review for gene: MTX2 was set to GREEN Added comment: Seven individuals from 5 unrelated families reported with severe progeroid form of MAD with growth retardation, small viscerocranium with mandibular underdevelopment, distal acro-osteolyses, lipodystrophy, altered skin pigmentation, renal focal glomerulosclerosis, and extremely severe hypertension in most cases, eventually associated with disseminated arterial calcification. Loss of MTX2 in patients' primary fibroblasts led to loss of Metaxin-1 (MTX1) and mitochondrial dysfunction, including network fragmentation and oxidative phosphorylation impairment. Furthermore, patients' fibroblasts were resistant to induced apoptosis, leading to increased cell senescence and mitophagy and reduced proliferation. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.4500 | RREB1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: RREB1 was added gene: RREB1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature SV/CNV tags were added to gene: RREB1. Mode of inheritance for gene: RREB1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: RREB1 were set to 32938917 Phenotypes for gene: RREB1 were set to Noonan syndrome-like disorder Review for gene: RREB1 was set to RED Added comment: Single individual reported with Noonan syndrome-like features and a deletion encompassing RREB1. Overlapping deletions in publicly reported databases examined, and RREB1 postulated to be the key gene. Rreb1 hemizygous mice display orbital hypertelorism and age dependent cardiac hypertrophy. RREB1 recruits SIN3A and KDM1A to an RRE in target promoters in human and murine cells to control histone H3K4 methylation of MAPK pathway genes. In summary, single well phenotyped individual with a CNV and experimental data to support gene-disease association. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.4497 | NEMF |
Zornitza Stark gene: NEMF was added gene: NEMF was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: NEMF was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: NEMF were set to 32934225 Phenotypes for gene: NEMF were set to Intellectual disability; neuropathy Review for gene: NEMF was set to GREEN Added comment: Nine individuals from 7 unrelated families reported with a mixed CNS/PNS phenotype. 7/9 had ID, 4/9 had formal assessments demonstrating axonal neuropathy, 3/9 had ataxia; muscular atrophy, hypotonia, respiratory distress, scoliosis also described in some. Three independently generated mouse models had progressive motor neuron degeneration. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.4496 | FNIP1 |
Arina Puzriakova gene: FNIP1 was added gene: FNIP1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: FNIP1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: FNIP1 were set to 32181500; 32905580 Phenotypes for gene: FNIP1 were set to Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy; Primary Immunodeficiency; Agammaglobulinemia; Neutropenia Review for gene: FNIP1 was set to GREEN Added comment: - PMID: 32181500 (2020) - Three patients from two independent consanguineous families with homozygous variants (c.3353G>A, p.Ser1118Asn and c.1289delA, p.His430Profs7*) in the FNIP1 gene. Both variants segregated with the disease phenotype in each family. Clinically, patients presented with combined immunodeficiency, cardiac findings (hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Wolff‐Parkinson‐White syndrome), and myopathy of skeletal muscles with motor DD. Authors note phenotypic overlap with the murine model of FNIP1 deficiency, but no functional analyses of the variants or patient cells were performed. - PMID: 32905580 (2020) - Three cases from unrelated families, all harbouring novel biallelic variants in FNIP1. Clinical manifestations in all patients include hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, severe and/or recurrent infections, absent circulating B-cells, and agammaglobulinemia; as well as either severe or intermittent neutropenia in two cases. Functional studies showed impairment of B-cell metabolism, including disruptions to mitochondrial numbers/activity and the PI3K/AKT pathway. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.4496 | TAOK1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: TAOK1 were changed from to TAOK1-related neurodevelopmental disorder | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.4493 | TAOK1 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: TAOK1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 31230721; Phenotypes: TAOK1-related neurodevelopmental disorder; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.4475 | MEIS2 | Michelle Torres reviewed gene: MEIS2: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 25712757; Phenotypes: Cleft palate, cardiac defects, and mental retardation (MIM#600987); Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.4463 | NAXE | Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Early-onset progressive encephalopathy with brain edema and/or leukoencephalopathy-1 (PEBEL1) is an autosomal recessive severe neurometabolic disorder characterized by rapidly progressive neurologic deterioration that is usually associated with a febrile illness. Affected infants tend to show normal early development followed by acute psychomotor regression with ataxia, hypotonia, respiratory insufficiency, and seizures, resulting in coma and death in the first years of life. Brain imaging shows multiple abnormalities, including brain edema and signal abnormalities in the cortical and subcortical regions. More than 5 unrelated families reported.; to: Early-onset progressive encephalopathy with brain oedema and/or leukoencephalopathy-1 (PEBEL1) is an autosomal recessive severe neurometabolic disorder characterized by rapidly progressive neurologic deterioration that is usually associated with a febrile illness. Affected infants tend to show normal early development followed by acute psychomotor regression with ataxia, hypotonia, respiratory insufficiency, and seizures, resulting in coma and death in the first years of life. Brain imaging shows multiple abnormalities, including brain edema and signal abnormalities in the cortical and subcortical regions. More than 5 unrelated families reported. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.4398 | SVBP |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: 5 unrelated families with homozygous mutations in SVBP. The mutations segregated with the disorder in all families. In vitro functional cellular expression studies showed that protein levels of the SVBP mutants were barely detectable, suggesting instability, and that the mutant proteins had lost VASH/SVBP catalytic detyrosination activity toward tubulin. Knockdown of about 50% Svbp expression using shRNA in rat hippocampal neurons impaired the formation of excitatory synapses compared to controls. Sources: Literature; to: 5 unrelated families with homozygous mutations in SVBP. Some shared the same founder variant, p.Q28*. The mutations segregated with the disorder in all families. In vitro functional cellular expression studies showed that protein levels of the SVBP mutants were barely detectable, suggesting instability, and that the mutant proteins had lost VASH/SVBP catalytic detyrosination activity toward tubulin. Knockdown of about 50% Svbp expression using shRNA in rat hippocampal neurons impaired the formation of excitatory synapses compared to controls. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.4395 | SQSTM1 | Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Four unrelated families, presenting feature of this progressive neurological disorder was ataxia.; to: Nine individuals from four unrelated families. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.4392 | SLC25A46 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Age of onset is variable, but childhood onset described. Ataxia is a feature.; to: Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy type VIB is an autosomal recessive complex progressive neurologic disorder characterized mainly by early-onset optic atrophy resulting in progressive visual loss and peripheral axonal sensorimotor neuropathy with highly variable age at onset and severity. Affected individuals also have cerebellar or pontocerebellar atrophy on brain imaging, and they show abnormal movements, such as ataxia, dysmetria, and myoclonus. At least 10 unrelated families reported, supportive functional data. |
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| Mendeliome v0.4389 | MAPK8IP3 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: MAPK8IP3: Added comment: 18 unrelated individuals reported with de novo variants and a neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by global developmental delay, variably impaired intellectual development, and poor or absent speech. Additional features may include hypotonia, spasticity, or ataxia. About half have abnormal findings on brain imaging, including cerebral or cerebellar atrophy, loss of white matter volume, thin corpus callosum, and perisylvian polymicrogyria. Seizures are not a prominent finding, and nonspecific dysmorphic facial features are described.; Changed publications: 30612693, 30945334 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.4383 | LAMA1 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Ataxia is part of the phenotype. Sources: Expert list; to: Five unrelated families reported. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.4380 | KCNA2 | Zornitza Stark commented on gene: KCNA2: Review of 23 affected individuals in PMID 29050392: some variants are LoF and others GoF, and some genotype-phenotype correlations made. The main differences were (i) predominant focal (loss-of-function) versus generalized (gain-of-function) seizures and corresponding epileptic discharges with prominent sleep activation in most cases with loss-of-function mutations; (ii) more severe epilepsy, developmental problems and ataxia, and atrophy of the cerebellum or even the whole brain in about half of the patients with gain-of-function mutations; and (iii) most severe early-onset phenotypes, occasionally with neonatal onset epilepsy and developmental impairment, as well as generalised and focal seizures and EEG abnormalities for patients with gain- and loss-of-function mutations. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.4368 | ATP8A2 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Multiple individuals from unrelated families reported with bi-allelic variants in this gene and neurological phenotypes including intellectual disability. Sources: Expert list; to: 10 individuals from six unrelated families reported with bi-allelic variants in this gene and neurological phenotypes including intellectual disability. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.4355 | SOS1 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: SOS1: Added comment: Over 50 individuals reported with SOS1 variants and a Noonan syndrome phenotype. Pulmonic stenosis tends to be more frequent compared to those with PTPN11 mutations, and atrial septal defect is relatively rare. Ectodermal features including keratosis pilaris and curly hair are significantly more prevalent compared with the general Noonan population. Height below the third percentile and learning disability are observed in fewer individuals compared with Noonan syndrome in general. In contrast, macrocephaly is overrepresented among those with SOS1 mutations.; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed mode of pathogenicity: Loss-of-function variants (as defined in pop up message) DO NOT cause this phenotype - please provide details in the comments; Changed publications: 17143285, 17143282, 28884940, 17586837; Changed phenotypes: Noonan syndrome 4, MIM# 610733; Changed mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.4320 | CACNA1E | Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: At least 30 unrelated patients reported with heterozygous variants in this gene; primarily a seizure disorder, often with profound intellectual disability.; to: At least 30 unrelated patients reported with heterozygous variants in this gene; primarily a seizure disorder, often with profound intellectual disability. Additional common features included spastic quadriplegia, hyperreflexia, hyperkinetic movements, dystonia, myoclonus, clonus, poor or absent eye contact, nystagmus, cortical visual impairment, and loss of head control. Thirteen patients had congenital contractures and 13 had macrocephaly. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.4317 | ATAD1 | Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Severe progressive neurological disorder, severe/profound intellectual disability is a feature; to: Hyperekplexia-4 is an autosomal recessive severe neurologic disorder apparent at birth. Three unrelated families reported. Affected infants have extreme hypertonia and appear stiff and rigid. They have little if any development, poor or absent visual contact, and no spontaneous movement, consistent with an encephalopathy. Some patients have early-onset refractory seizures. Severe progressive neurological disorder, severe/profound intellectual disability is a feature. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.4315 | ADAT1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: ADAT1 was added gene: ADAT1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: ADAT1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: ADAT1 were set to 28180185; 29390050; 29659736 Phenotypes for gene: ADAT1 were set to Hyperekplexia 4, MIM#618011 Review for gene: ADAT1 was set to GREEN Added comment: Hyperekplexia-4 is an autosomal recessive severe neurologic disorder apparent at birth. Three unrelated families reported. Affected infants have extreme hypertonia and appear stiff and rigid. They have little if any development, poor or absent visual contact, and no spontaneous movement, consistent with an encephalopathy. Some patients have early-onset refractory seizures. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.4309 | OCA2 |
Elena Savva changed review comment from: Single variant found causing AD OCA - p.G780S in two families (Lee, 2020) -> GOF suggested Complete penetrance for oculocutaneous albininism but variable expressivity (PMID: 24518832). No variable expressivity or incomplete penetrance reported in GeneReviews. Loss of function; to: Single variant found causing AD OCA - p.G780S in two families (Lee, 2020) -> GOF suggested Complete penetrance for oculocutaneous albininism but variable expressivity (PMID: 24518832). No variable expressivity or incomplete penetrance reported in GeneReviews. Loss of function 2.7kb deletion is very common in sub-Saharan African populations (GeneReviews) |
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| Mendeliome v0.4309 | ZSWIM6 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: MIM #617865 (NEDMAGA): A recurrent de novo heterozygous truncating mutation in the ZSWIM6 gene (R913X)identified in 7 unrelated patients. Analysis of patient cells indicated that the mutant transcript escaped nonsense-mediated mRNA decay, and most likely produced a truncated protein, although antibody studies were unable to detect a truncated protein. Possible dominant-negative effect. NB a more proximal nonsense variant was also reported inherited in a family with an unaffected mother: loss of function variants may not cause a phenotype. MIM#603671 (acromelic frontonasal dysplasia): recurrent missense identified in 6 unrelated families, p.Arg1163Trp; to: MIM #617865 (NEDMAGA): A recurrent de novo heterozygous truncating mutation in the ZSWIM6 gene (R913X) identified in 7 unrelated patients. Analysis of patient cells indicated that the mutant transcript escaped nonsense-mediated mRNA decay, and most likely produced a truncated protein, although antibody studies were unable to detect a truncated protein. Possible dominant-negative effect. NB a more proximal nonsense variant was also reported inherited in a family with an unaffected mother: loss of function variants may not cause a phenotype. MIM#603671 (acromelic frontonasal dysplasia): recurrent missense identified in 6 unrelated families, p.Arg1163Trp |
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| Mendeliome v0.4309 | ZSWIM6 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: MIM #617865 A recurrent de novo heterozygous truncating mutation in the ZSWIM6 gene (R913X)identified in 7 unrelated patients. Analysis of patient cells indicated that the mutant transcript escaped nonsense-mediated mRNA decay, and most likely produced a truncated protein, although antibody studies were unable to detect a truncated protein. Possible dominant-negative effect. NB a more proximal nonsense variant was also reported inherited in a family with an unaffected mother: loss of function variants may not cause a phenotype. MIM#603671: recurrent missense identified in 6 unrelated families, p.Arg1163Trp; to: MIM #617865 (NEDMAGA): A recurrent de novo heterozygous truncating mutation in the ZSWIM6 gene (R913X)identified in 7 unrelated patients. Analysis of patient cells indicated that the mutant transcript escaped nonsense-mediated mRNA decay, and most likely produced a truncated protein, although antibody studies were unable to detect a truncated protein. Possible dominant-negative effect. NB a more proximal nonsense variant was also reported inherited in a family with an unaffected mother: loss of function variants may not cause a phenotype. MIM#603671 (acromelic frontonasal dysplasia): recurrent missense identified in 6 unrelated families, p.Arg1163Trp |
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| Mendeliome v0.4299 | ANGPT2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: ANGPT2 was added gene: ANGPT2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ANGPT2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: ANGPT2 were set to https://stm.sciencemag.org/content/12/560/eaax8013 Phenotypes for gene: ANGPT2 were set to Primary lymphoedema Review for gene: ANGPT2 was set to GREEN Added comment: Five unrelated individuals reported with primary lymphedema and variants in this gene, together with functional data. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.4298 | UBR4 | Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Episodic ataxia reported in two families, but another molecular diagnosis present in the second, so suggested as a modifier. Only one individual reported with childhood-onset progressive neurological disorder as part of a large paper proposing multiple candidate genes.; to: Episodic ataxia reported in four families, but another molecular diagnosis present in the some, so suggested as a modifier. Variants are missense, with no supportive segregation or functional data, some are present at a low level in population databases. Only one individual reported with childhood-onset progressive neurological disorder as part of a large paper proposing multiple candidate genes. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.4281 | TLR7 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: TLR7 were changed from to Immunodeficiency 74, COVID19-related, X-linked, MIM# 301051 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.4259 | WASHC4 |
Zornitza Stark gene: WASHC4 was added gene: WASHC4 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: WASHC4 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: WASHC4 were set to 31953988; 21498477 Phenotypes for gene: WASHC4 were set to Mental retardation, autosomal recessive 43, MIM #615817 Review for gene: WASHC4 was set to GREEN Added comment: Three unrelated families reported. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.4257 | DNAJC7 |
Seb Lunke gene: DNAJC7 was added gene: DNAJC7 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: DNAJC7 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Publications for gene: DNAJC7 were set to 31768050 Phenotypes for gene: DNAJC7 were set to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Review for gene: DNAJC7 was set to AMBER Added comment: Two cohort studies in ALS patients identified 11 and 1 patient, respectively, with variants in DNAJC7. Seven of these are putative PTVs. However gene described as risk factor, unclear why. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1212/NXG.0000000000000503 Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.4256 | SVIL | Melanie Marty edited their review of gene: SVIL: Added comment: Four patients from two unrelated consanguineous families with a childhood/adolescence onset of a myopathy associated with homozygous loss-of-function mutations in SVIL. Wide neck, anteverted shoulders and prominent trapezius muscles together with variable contractures were characteristic features. Functional studies on muscle biopsies showed complete loss protein in muscle fibres by western blot.; Changed rating: AMBER | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.4256 | CFAP58 | Crystle Lee edited their review of gene: CFAP58: Added comment: Biallelic variants reported in 5 unrelated males with nultiple morphological abnormalities of the sperm flagella (MMAF). Knockout mice were infertile.; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed publications: 32791035; Changed phenotypes: Multiple morphological abnormalities of the sperm flagella (MMAF) (PMID: 32791035); Changed mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.4252 | SVIL | Zornitza Stark Added comment: Comment when marking as ready: Two unrelated families only. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.4250 | SVIL |
Melanie Marty gene: SVIL was added gene: SVIL was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SVIL was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SVIL were set to 32779703 Phenotypes for gene: SVIL were set to myopathy Penetrance for gene: SVIL were set to unknown Review for gene: SVIL was set to GREEN Added comment: Four patients from two unrelated consanguineous families with a childhood/adolescence onset of a myopathy associated with homozygous loss-of-function mutations in SVIL. Wide neck, anteverted shoulders and prominent trapezius muscles together with variable contractures were characteristic features. Functional studies on muscle biopsies showed complete loss protein in muscle fibres by western blot. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.4250 | CFAP58 |
Crystle Lee gene: CFAP58 was added gene: CFAP58 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: CFAP58 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: CFAP58 were set to 32791035 Phenotypes for gene: CFAP58 were set to Multiple morphological abnormalities of the sperm flagella (MMAF) (PMID: 32791035) Review for gene: CFAP58 was set to AMBER Added comment: 5 unrelated males reported with biallelic loss of function variants. Knockout mice were infertile (Abstract only) Sources: Expert Review |
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| Mendeliome v0.4242 | MYSM1 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: early-onset anaemia, leukopaenia, and decreased B cells, may have thrombocytopaenia or variable additional non-haematologic features, such as facial dysmorphism, skeletal anomalies, and mild developmental delay Sources: Expert list; to: Early-onset anaemia, leukopaenia, and decreased B cells, may have thrombocytopaenia or variable additional non-haematologic features, such as facial dysmorphism, skeletal anomalies, and mild developmental delay. At least 4 unrelated families reported. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.4229 | TET2 | Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: PMID 32518946: 3 children with an immune dysregulation syndrome of susceptibility to infection, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, developmental delay, autoimmunity, and lymphoma of B-cell (n = 2) or T-cell (n = 1) origin, and bi-allelic variants in TET2.; to: Bi-allelic variants PMID 32518946: 3 children with an immune dysregulation syndrome of susceptibility to infection, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, developmental delay, autoimmunity, and lymphoma of B-cell (n = 2) or T-cell (n = 1) origin, and bi-allelic variants in TET2. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.4229 | TET2 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: TET2: Added comment: PMID 32518946: 3 children with an immune dysregulation syndrome of susceptibility to infection, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, developmental delay, autoimmunity, and lymphoma of B-cell (n = 2) or T-cell (n = 1) origin, and bi-allelic variants in TET2.; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed publications: 30890702, 31827242, 32330418, 32518946; Changed phenotypes: Dementia, Lymphoma/myeloid malignancy, Immunodeficiency; Changed mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.4221 | SETD1B | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: SETD1B were changed from Epilepsy with myoclonic absences; intellectual disability; SETD1B-related neurodevelopmental disorder to Epilepsy with myoclonic absences; intellectual disability; Intellectual developmental disorder with seizures and language delay (IDDSELD), MIM#619000 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.4202 | DHX16 |
Zornitza Stark gene: DHX16 was added gene: DHX16 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: DHX16 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: DHX16 were set to 31256877 Phenotypes for gene: DHX16 were set to Neuromuscular disease and ocular or auditory anomalies with or without seizures, MIM# 618733 Review for gene: DHX16 was set to GREEN Added comment: Four unrelated individuals reported with de novo missense variants in this gene. Three of the individuals died in infancy, so phenotypic spectrum difficult to discern. Two had seizures. Individual with long-term survival had a progressive course, evidence of myopathy, loss of hearing and vision, and normal IQ. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.4198 | DHX37 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: DHX37: Added comment: Bi-allelic disease: 5 unrelated families with bi-allelic variants, all with ID as part of the phenotype, which also includes congenital anomalies particularly affecting the vertebrae and heart, but also some with microcephaly, brain anomalies.; Changed publications: 31337883, 31745530, 26539891, 31256877; Changed phenotypes: 46,XY gonadal dysgenesis, testicular regression syndrome (TRS), Neurodevelopmental disorder with brain anomalies and with or without vertebral or cardiac anomalies, MIM#618731; Changed mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.4181 | JAK1 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: JAK1: Changed phenotypes: Eosinophilia, Eosinophilic enteritis, Thyroid disease, Poor growth, Viral infections, Susceptibility to mycobacteria and viruses, Autoinflammation, immunde dysregulation, and eosinophilia, MIM# 618999 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.4134 | TRAPPC2L |
Arina Puzriakova changed review comment from: Gene is associated with Encephalopathy, progressive, early-onset, with episodic rhabdomyolysis in OMIM, but not in G2P. PMID: 30120216 (2018) - Two unrelated probands with an identical homozygous missense (c.109G>T, p.Asp37Tyr) variant in TRAPPC2L. Both individuals presented neurodevelopmental delay, febrile illness-induced encephalopathy, and episodic rhabdomyolysis, followed by developmental arrest, seizures and tetraplegia. The variant segregated with the phenotype in each family, and haplotype analysis suggested a founder effect. The mutant protein was expressed in patient fibroblasts, but displayed membrane trafficking delays. Studies in yeast showed that the variant impaired interaction with TRAPPC10, and increased levels of the active RAB11. PMID: 32843486 (2020) - In an Ashkenazi Jewish family with three affected sibs with GDD/ID, WGS revealed a segregating homozygous missense variant (c.5G>C, p.Ala2Gly) in the TRAPPC2L gene. No seizures, brain MRI abnormalities, or illness provoked regression were documented in this family. Comparable to the previous study, the variant resulted in delayed ER-to-Golgi trafficking and elevated levels of active RAB11. Studies using yeast and in vitro binding, showed that the variant disrupted interaction with another core TRAPP protein, TRAPPC6a. Sources: Literature; to: Total of three families, but two share a founder variant, and there are some disparities between the clinical presentations reported in the two publications. Rating Amber as additional cases required to delineate the genotype-phenotype relationship. PMID: 30120216 (2018) - Two unrelated probands with an identical homozygous missense (c.109G>T, p.Asp37Tyr) variant in TRAPPC2L. Both individuals presented neurodevelopmental delay, febrile illness-induced encephalopathy, and episodic rhabdomyolysis, followed by developmental arrest, seizures and tetraplegia. The variant segregated with the phenotype in each family, and haplotype analysis suggested a founder effect. The mutant protein was expressed in patient fibroblasts, but displayed membrane trafficking delays. Studies in yeast showed that the variant impaired interaction with TRAPPC10, and increased levels of the active RAB11. PMID: 32843486 (2020) - In an Ashkenazi Jewish family with three affected sibs with GDD/ID, WGS revealed a segregating homozygous missense variant (c.5G>C, p.Ala2Gly) in the TRAPPC2L gene. No seizures, brain MRI abnormalities, or illness provoked regression were documented in this family. Comparable to the previous study, the variant resulted in delayed ER-to-Golgi trafficking and elevated levels of active RAB11. Studies using yeast and in vitro binding, showed that the variant disrupted interaction with another core TRAPP protein, TRAPPC6a. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.4134 | TRAPPC2L |
Arina Puzriakova gene: TRAPPC2L was added gene: TRAPPC2L was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: TRAPPC2L was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: TRAPPC2L were set to 30120216; 32843486 Phenotypes for gene: TRAPPC2L were set to Encephalopathy, progressive, early-onset, with episodic rhabdomyolysis, 618331 Review for gene: TRAPPC2L was set to AMBER Added comment: Gene is associated with Encephalopathy, progressive, early-onset, with episodic rhabdomyolysis in OMIM, but not in G2P. PMID: 30120216 (2018) - Two unrelated probands with an identical homozygous missense (c.109G>T, p.Asp37Tyr) variant in TRAPPC2L. Both individuals presented neurodevelopmental delay, febrile illness-induced encephalopathy, and episodic rhabdomyolysis, followed by developmental arrest, seizures and tetraplegia. The variant segregated with the phenotype in each family, and haplotype analysis suggested a founder effect. The mutant protein was expressed in patient fibroblasts, but displayed membrane trafficking delays. Studies in yeast showed that the variant impaired interaction with TRAPPC10, and increased levels of the active RAB11. PMID: 32843486 (2020) - In an Ashkenazi Jewish family with three affected sibs with GDD/ID, WGS revealed a segregating homozygous missense variant (c.5G>C, p.Ala2Gly) in the TRAPPC2L gene. No seizures, brain MRI abnormalities, or illness provoked regression were documented in this family. Comparable to the previous study, the variant resulted in delayed ER-to-Golgi trafficking and elevated levels of active RAB11. Studies using yeast and in vitro binding, showed that the variant disrupted interaction with another core TRAPP protein, TRAPPC6a. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.4134 | TOGARAM1 |
Arina Puzriakova gene: TOGARAM1 was added gene: TOGARAM1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: TOGARAM1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: TOGARAM1 were set to 32747439 Phenotypes for gene: TOGARAM1 were set to Cleft of the lip and palate; Microphthalmia; Cerebral dysgenesis; Hydrocephalus Added comment: PMID: 32747439 (2020) - Novel gene-disease association. In two sibling fetuses with a malformation disorder characterised by microcephaly, severe cleft lip and palate, microphthalmia, and brain anomalies, WES revealed compound heterozygous variants ([c.1102C>T, p.Arg368Trp] and [c.3619C>T, p.Arg1207*]) in the TOGARAM1 gene. Functional analysis of the missense variant in a C. elegans model showed impaired lipophilic dye uptake, with shorter and altered cilia in sensory neurons. In vitro analysis revealed faster microtubule polymerisation compared to wild-type, suggesting aberrant tubulin binding. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.4131 | TRIT1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: TRIT1 were changed from to Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 35, MIM#617873 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.4128 | TRIT1 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: TRIT1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 32088416, 24901367, 28185376, 30977854; Phenotypes: Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 35, MIM#617873; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.4125 | CRIPT |
Ain Roesley gene: CRIPT was added gene: CRIPT was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: CRIPT was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: CRIPT were set to 24389050; 27250922 Phenotypes for gene: CRIPT were set to Short stature with microcephaly and distinctive facies (MIM#615789) Penetrance for gene: CRIPT were set to unknown Review for gene: CRIPT was set to AMBER Added comment: PMID: 24389050 - 2 unrelated probands homozygous for PTVs. However 1 was deceased and DNA was unavailable therefore parents were sequenced PMID: 27250922 - 1x proband - het for a missense which was maternally inherited. Because the father was negative for SNVs, they did CMA and found a small heterozygous deletion 1.6kb in size encompassing exon 1 of CRIPT. This deletion was paternally inherited *did not find new reports since Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.4113 | GMNN | Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Three unrelated individuals reported.; to: Three unrelated individuals reported, all variants in exon 2 (first coding exon). | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.4101 | TRPM7 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: TRPM7 were changed from {Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-parkinsonism/dementia complex, susceptibility to}, MIM# 105500 to {Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-parkinsonism/dementia complex, susceptibility to}, MIM# 105500; Cardiac arrhythmia, stillbirth | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.4097 | TRPM7 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: TRPM7: Added comment: Ion channel expressed in the nervous and cardiac systems. The variant associated with ALS/dementia in the Guam population, p.Thr1482Ile is present in >23,000 hets in gnomad, which is out of keeping for a rare Mendelian disorder. Note recent publication associating missense variants with cardiac arrhythmia and stillbirth, with some functional data provided to substantiate effect of variant on protein function but not necessarily establish gene-disease association.; Changed rating: AMBER; Changed publications: 32503408, 31423533; Changed phenotypes: {Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-parkinsonism/dementia complex, susceptibility to}, MIM# 105500, Cardiac arrhythmia, stillbirth; Changed mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.4097 | CHCHD10 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: CHCHD10 were changed from to Frontotemporal dementia and/or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 2 615911; Spinal muscular atrophy, Jokela type 615048; Myopathy, isolated mitochondrial, autosomal dominant 616209 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.4093 | CHCHD10 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: CHCHD10: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: Other; Publications: 24934289, 25428574, 25193783, 32042922, 31690696, 30877432, 30874923; Phenotypes: Frontotemporal dementia and/or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 2 615911, Spinal muscular atrophy, Jokela type 615048, Myopathy, isolated mitochondrial, autosomal dominant 616209; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.4091 | CTNND1 | Eleanor Williams changed review comment from: PMID: 32196547 - Alharatani et al 2020 - report an expanded phenotype for CTNND1 patients. They report 13 individuals from nine families with novel protein-truncating variants in CTNND1 identified by WES. The mutations were not previously described in blepharocheilodontic (BCD), orofacial cleft cases nor in gnomAD. 8 patients had de novo variants, 2 inherited from affected parents, 2 participants inherited a variant from a parent with a mild phenotype. Additional phenotypic features seen include mild limb phenotypes (9/13), cardiovascular anomalies (6/13) and Developmental delay and other neurodevelopmental problems (8/13).; to: PMID: 32196547 - Alharatani et al 2020 - report an expanded phenotype for CTNND1 patients. They report 13 individuals from nine families with novel protein-truncating variants in CTNND1 identified by WES. The mutations were not previously described in blepharocheilodontic (BCD), orofacial cleft cases nor in gnomAD. 8 patients had de novo variants, 2 inherited from affected parents, 2 participants inherited a variant from a parent with a mild phenotype. 8/13 patients showed cleft palate Additional phenotypic features seen include mild limb phenotypes (9/13), cardiovascular anomalies (6/13) and Developmental delay and other neurodevelopmental problems (8/13). | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.4091 | TRPM7 | Eleanor Williams commented on gene: TRPM7: PMID: 31423533 - Cartwright et al 2020 - functional studies on four heterozygous nonsynonymous variants that were observed in TRPM7 in four individual cases of unexplained still birth which were screened for variants in 35 candidate genes in PMID: 29874177 (Munroe et al 2018). TRPM7 is a ubiquitously expressed ion channel known to regulate cardiac development and repolarization in mice. They found two variants in TRPM7, p.G179V and p.T860M, reduce ion channel current expression, which in the case of p.T860M is likely due to rapid degradation mediated by the proteasome. In addition, the p.R494Q TRPM7 variant significantly increases TRPM7 ion channel current, in a cell-type specific manner. They believe that TRPM7 may play a key role in ensuring correct cardiac development of the fetus. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.4091 | ZFYVE19 |
Arina Puzriakova gene: ZFYVE19 was added gene: ZFYVE19 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ZFYVE19 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: ZFYVE19 were set to 32737136 Phenotypes for gene: ZFYVE19 were set to Cholestasis Review for gene: ZFYVE19 was set to GREEN Added comment: PMID: 32737136 (2020) - Nine Han Chinese children from seven families with biallelic, predicted complete LoF variants in ZFYVE19. All patients had high-GGT intrahepatic cholestasis, portal hypertension, and histopathological features of the ductal plate malformation/congenital hepatic fibrosis. ZFYVE19 depletion in cultured cells from one patient yielded centriolar and axonemal abnormalities, and immunostaining for two ciliary proteins DCDC2 and ACALT showed abnormal localisation in patient cholangiocytes, indicating this as a novel ciliopathy disorder. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.4091 | SRD5A3 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: SRD5A3 were changed from to Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Iq, MIM#612379; Kahrizi syndrome, MIM# 612713 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.4088 | SRD5A3 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: SRD5A3: Added comment: Over 25 families reported, well established gene-disease association for CDG. Allelic disorder Kahrizi syndrome has overlapping features, may not be distinct entity.; Changed publications: 32424323; Changed phenotypes: Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Iq, MIM#612379, Kahrizi syndrome, MIM# 612713 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.4066 | KDM1A | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: KDM1A: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 26656649, 24838796, 27094131; Phenotypes: Cleft palate, psychomotor retardation, and distinctive facial features 616728; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.4066 | KDM1A | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: KDM1A were changed from to Cleft palate, psychomotor retardation, and distinctive facial features 616728; Multiple myeloma | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.4059 | KDM1A | Elena Savva reviewed gene: KDM1A: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID: 29559475, 27094131; Phenotypes: Cleft palate, psychomotor retardation, and distinctive facial features 616728, Multiple myeloma; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.4058 | YRDC |
Zornitza Stark gene: YRDC was added gene: YRDC was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: YRDC was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: YRDC were set to 31481669 Phenotypes for gene: YRDC were set to Galloway-Mowat syndrome Review for gene: YRDC was set to GREEN Added comment: Three individuals from two unrelated families with typical features of Galloway-Mowat syndrome including proteinuria, microcephaly, developmental delay and brain malformations. Supportive functional data. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.4025 | TSEN2 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: TSEN2: Added comment: At least 3 unrelated families reported.; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed publications: 23562994, 20952379; Changed phenotypes: Pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 2B, MIM# 612389 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.4002 | AARS2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: AARS2 were changed from to Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 8 MIM#614096; Leukoencephalopathy, progressive, with ovarian failure MIM#615889; MONDO:0013570 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.3999 | AARS2 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: AARS2: Changed phenotypes: Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 8 MIM#614096, Leukoencephalopathy, progressive, with ovarian failure MIM#615889, MONDO:0013570 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.3999 | AARS2 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: AARS2: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 30706699, 27839525, 21549344, 25058219, 24808023; Phenotypes: Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 8 MIM#614096, Leukoencephalopathy, progressive, with ovarian failure MIM#615889; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.3971 | DCX | Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: DCX was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.3970 | DCX | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: DCX: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 10915612, 9489699, 12552055; Phenotypes: Lissencephaly, X-linked, MIM# 300067, Subcortical laminal heterotopia, X-linked 300067; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.3970 | TLR7 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: TLR7: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 32706371; Phenotypes: Immunodeficiency 74, COVID19-related, X-linked, MIM# 301051; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.3969 | MRPL44 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: MRPL44 were changed from to Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 16, MIM# 615395 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.3966 | MRPL44 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: MRPL44: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 23315540, 25797485; Phenotypes: Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 16, MIM# 615395; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.3966 | KBTBD13 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: KBTBD13 were changed from to Nemaline myopathy 6, autosomal dominant, MIM# 609273; Hereditary motor neuropathy; late-onset limb girdle muscular dystrophy | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.3963 | KBTBD13 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: KBTBD13: Rating: ; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 11731279, 21104864; Phenotypes: Nemaline myopathy 6, autosomal dominant, MIM# 609273, Hereditary motor neuropathy, late-onset limb girdle muscular dystrophy; Mode of inheritance: None | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.3961 | KBTBD13 | Elena Savva reviewed gene: KBTBD13: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: Other; Publications: PMID: 28403181, 31167812, 31671076, 30208948; Phenotypes: Nemaline myopathy 6, autosomal dominant, 609273, Hereditary motor neuropathy, late-onset limb girdle muscular dystrophy; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.3951 | ALG12 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ALG12 were changed from to Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Ig, MIM# 607143 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.3945 | ALG12 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: ALG12: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 31481313; Phenotypes: Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Ig, MIM# 607143; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.3945 | ALG11 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ALG11 were changed from to Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Ip, MIM# 613661 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.3942 | ALG11 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: ALG11: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 30676690; Phenotypes: Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Ip, MIM# 613661; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.3938 | PDE2A |
Zornitza Stark gene: PDE2A was added gene: PDE2A was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: PDE2A was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: PDE2A were set to 32467598; 32196122; 29392776 Phenotypes for gene: PDE2A were set to Paroxysmal dyskinesia Review for gene: PDE2A was set to GREEN Added comment: Four unrelated families reported with childhood-onset refractory paroxysmal dyskinesia with cognitive impairment, sometimes associated with choreodystonia and interictal baseline EEG abnormalities or epilepsy. One of the reports characterises the disorder as 'Rett-like'. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.3933 | RRAGC | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: RRAGC were changed from to Dilated cardiomyopathy; cataract | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.3930 | RRAGC | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: RRAGC: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 27234373; Phenotypes: Dilated cardiomyopathy, cataract; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.3892 | FOLR1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: FOLR1 were changed from to Neurodegeneration due to cerebral folate transport deficiency, MIM# 613068 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.3889 | FOLR1 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: FOLR1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 19732866, 30420205, 27743887; Phenotypes: Neurodegeneration due to cerebral folate transport deficiency, MIM# 613068; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.3872 | LMBRD2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: LMBRD2 was added gene: LMBRD2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: LMBRD2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: LMBRD2 were set to 32820033; https://doi.org/10.1101/797787 Phenotypes for gene: LMBRD2 were set to Global developmental delay; Intellectual disability; Microcephaly; Seizures; Abnormality of nervous system morphology; Abnormality of the eye Mode of pathogenicity for gene: LMBRD2 was set to Loss-of-function variants (as defined in pop up message) DO NOT cause this phenotype - please provide details in the comments Review for gene: LMBRD2 was set to GREEN Added comment: 13 individuals with dn missense SNVs overall, overlapping features for 10 with available phenotype / a recurring variant has been identified in 2 different studies. ► Malhotra et al (2020 - PMID: 32820033) report on 10 unrelated individuals with de novo missense LMBRD2 variants. Features included DD (9/10), ID (6/8 of relevant age), microcephaly (7/10), seizures (5/10 - >=3 different variants), structural brain abnormalities (e.g. thin CC in 6/9), highly variable ocular abnormalities (5/10) and dysmorphic features in some (7/10 - nonspecific). All had variable prior non-diagnostic genetic tests (CMA, gene panel, mendeliome, karyotype). WES/WGS revealed LMBRD2 missense variants, in all cases de novo. A single individual had additional variants with weaker evidence of pathogenicity. 5 unique missense SNVs and 2 recurrent ones (NM_001007527:c.367T>C - p.Trp123Arg / c.1448G>A - p.Arg483His) were identified. These occurred in different exons. Variants were not present in gnomAD and all had several in silico predictions in favor of a deleterious effect. There was phenotypic variability among individuals with the same variant (e.g. seizures in 1/3 and microchephaly in 2/3 of those harboring R483H). The gene has a pLI of 0 (although o/e ranges from 0.23 to 0.55), %HI of 15.13 and z-score of 2.27. The authors presume that haploinsufficiency may not apply, and consider a gain-of-function/dominant-negative effect more likely. As the authors comment LMBRD2 (LMBR1 domain containing 2) encodes a membrane bound protein with poorly described function. It is widely expressed across tissues with notable expression in human brain (also in Drosophila, or Xenopus laevis). It displays high interspecies conservation. It has been suggested (Paek et al - PMID: 28388415) that LMBRD2 is a potential regulator of β2 adrenoreceptor signalling through involvement in GPCR signalling. ► Kaplanis et al (2020 - https://doi.org/10.1101/797787) in a dataset of 31058 parent-offspring trios (WES) previously identified 3 individuals with developmental disorder, harboring c.1448G>A - p.Arg483His. These individuals (1 from the DDD study, and 2 GeneDx patients) appear in Decipher. [ https://decipher.sanger.ac.uk/ddd/research-variant/40e17c78cc9655a6721006fc1e0c98db/overview ]. The preprint by Kaplanis et al is cited by Malhotra et al, with Arg483His reported in 6 patients overall in both studies. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.3862 | MYOD1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: MYOD1 was added gene: MYOD1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: MYOD1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: MYOD1 were set to 26733463; 30403323; 31260566 Phenotypes for gene: MYOD1 were set to Myopathy, congenital, with diaphragmatic defects, respiratory insufficiency, and dysmorphic facies, MIM# 618975 Review for gene: MYOD1 was set to GREEN Added comment: Three unrelated families reported. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.3839 | NCKAP1L | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: NCKAP1L were changed from Immunodeficiency to Immunodeficiency; Immune dysregulation; Immunodeficiency 72 with autoinflammation, MIM# 618982 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.3834 | TAF1C |
Zornitza Stark gene: TAF1C was added gene: TAF1C was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: TAF1C was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: TAF1C were set to 32779182 Phenotypes for gene: TAF1C were set to Global developmental delay; Intellectual disability; Spasticity; Strabismus; Seizures; Abnormality of nervous system morphology Review for gene: TAF1C was set to AMBER Added comment: Knuutinen et al (2020 - PMID: 32779182) report on 2 individuals from 2 consanguineous families, homozygous for TAF1C missense variants. Both presented with an early onset neurological phenotype with severe global DD, ID (2/2 - moderate and profound), spasticity (2/2), ophthalmic findings (strabismus 2/2, nystagmus 1/2). Epilepsy, abnormal brain MRI (cerebral and cerebellar atrophy and white matter hyperintensities) as well and additional findings were reported in one (always the same individual). Following a normal CMA, exome in the first case revealed a homozygous missense SNV (NM_005679.3:c.1165C>T / p.Arg389Cys) supported by in silico predictions. mRNA and protein levels were substantially reduced in fibroblasts from this subject. Only the patient and parents were tested for the variant but not 3 unaffected sibs (fig1). The second individual was homozygous for another missense variant (p.Arg405Cys) also supported by in silico predictions. The girl was the single affected person within the family with an unaffected sib and parents heterozygous for the variant. Several other unaffected relatives in the extended pedigree were either carriers for this variant or homozygous for the wt allele. TAF1C encodes the TATA-box binding protein associated factor (TAF) RNA polymerase I subunit. RNA polymerase I (Pol I) transcribes genes to produce rRNA. For Pol I to initiate transcription, two transcription factors are required : UBF (upstream binding factor encoded by UBTF) and SL1 (selectivity factor 1). The latter is formed by TBP (TATA-binding protein) and 3 Pol I-specific TBP-associated factors (TAFs). A recurrent de novo missense variant in UBTF (encoding the other Pol I transcription factor) causes a disorder with highly similar features. The specific variant acts through a gain-of-function mechanism (and not by LoF which appears to apply for TAF1C based on expression data). The authors hypothesize that altered Pol I activity and resulting ribosomal stress could cause the microcephaly and leukodystrophy (both reported in 1 - the same - individual). Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.3805 | TPM4 |
Zornitza Stark gene: TPM4 was added gene: TPM4 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: TPM4 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: TPM4 were set to 28134622; 31249973; 21153663 Phenotypes for gene: TPM4 were set to Macrothrombocytopaenia Review for gene: TPM4 was set to GREEN Added comment: Three families reported in addition to genome-wide association studies in nearly 70,000 individuals which indicate that SNVs in TPM4 exert an effect on the count and volume of platelets. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.3794 | SLFN14 |
Zornitza Stark gene: SLFN14 was added gene: SLFN14 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: SLFN14 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: SLFN14 were set to 26280575; 26769223 Phenotypes for gene: SLFN14 were set to Bleeding disorder, platelet-type, 20, MIM# 616913 Review for gene: SLFN14 was set to GREEN Added comment: At least four unrelated families reported. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.3792 | PTPRJ |
Zornitza Stark gene: PTPRJ was added gene: PTPRJ was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: PTPRJ was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: PTPRJ were set to 30591527 Phenotypes for gene: PTPRJ were set to Thrombocytopaenia Review for gene: PTPRJ was set to AMBER Added comment: Two siblings reported with nonsyndromic thrombocytopenia characterised by spontaneous bleeding, small-sized platelets, and impaired platelet responses to the GPVI agonists collagen and convulxin. Supportive zebrafish model. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.3790 | PTGS1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: PTGS1 was added gene: PTGS1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: PTGS1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: PTGS1 were set to 32299908; 11442478; 27629384; 8562397 Phenotypes for gene: PTGS1 were set to Platelet dysfunction; bleeding Review for gene: PTGS1 was set to AMBER Added comment: Single molecularly characterised family reported. However, note at least two previous older reports where deficiency was identified at protein rather than gene level. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.3789 | PRKACG |
Zornitza Stark gene: PRKACG was added gene: PRKACG was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: PRKACG was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: PRKACG were set to 25061177; 30819905 Phenotypes for gene: PRKACG were set to Bleeding disorder, platelet-type, 19, MIM# 616176 Review for gene: PRKACG was set to RED Added comment: Single family reported only. A heterozygous VOUS reported in another individual in PMID 30819905 together with several other VOUS in same individual. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.3787 | PLAU |
Zornitza Stark gene: PLAU was added gene: PLAU was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: PLAU was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: PLAU were set to 20007542 Phenotypes for gene: PLAU were set to Quebec platelet disorder, MIM# 601709 Review for gene: PLAU was set to GREEN Added comment: Note this is a tandem 78kb duplication of the gene, multiple families reported. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.3785 | PLA2G4A |
Zornitza Stark gene: PLA2G4A was added gene: PLA2G4A was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: PLA2G4A was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: PLA2G4A were set to 18451993; 25102815; 23268370 Phenotypes for gene: PLA2G4A were set to Gastrointestinal ulceration, recurrent, with dysfunctional platelets, MIM# 618372 Review for gene: PLA2G4A was set to GREEN Added comment: At least three unrelated individuals reported. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.3752 | EPHB2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: EPHB2 were changed from to Bleeding disorder, platelet-type, 22, MIM# 618462 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.3748 | EPHB2 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: EPHB2: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 30213874, 25370417; Phenotypes: Bleeding disorder, platelet-type, 22, MIM# 618462; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.3748 | ACTN1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ACTN1 were changed from to Bleeding disorder, platelet-type, 15, MIM# 615193 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.3745 | ACTN1 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: ACTN1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 23434115; Phenotypes: Bleeding disorder, platelet-type, 15, MIM# 615193; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.3732 | FAM50A |
Zornitza Stark gene: FAM50A was added gene: FAM50A was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: FAM50A was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) Publications for gene: FAM50A were set to 32703943 Phenotypes for gene: FAM50A were set to Mental retardation syndrome, X-linked, Armfield type (MIM #300261) Review for gene: FAM50A was set to GREEN Added comment: Lee et al (2020 - PMID: 32703943) provide evidence that Armfield X-Linked intellectual disability syndrome is caused by monoallelic FAM50A pathogenic variants. The current review is based only on this reference. The authors provide clinical details on 6 affected individuals from 5 families. Features included postnatal growth delay, DD and ID (6/6 - also evident for those without formal IQ assesment), seizures (3/6 from 2 families), prominent forehead with presence of other facial features and variable head circumference (5th to >97th %le), ocular anomalies (5/6 - strabismus/nystagmus/Axenfeld-Rieger), cardiac (3/6 - ASD/Fallot) and genitourinary anomalies (3/6). In the first of these families (Armfield et al 1999 - PMID: 10398235), linkage analysis followed by additional studies (Sanger, NGS of 718 genes on chrX, X-exome NGS - several refs provided) allowed the identification of a FAM50A variant. Variants in other families were identified by singleton (1 fam) or trio-ES (3 fam). In affected individuals from 3 families, the variant had occurred de novo. Carrier females in the other families were unaffected (based on pedigrees and/or the original publication). XCI was rather biased in most obligate carrier females from the 1st family (although this ranged from 95:5 to 60:40). Missense variants were reported in all affected subjects incl. Trp206Gly, Asp255Gly, Asp255Asn (dn), Glu254Gly (dn), Arg273Trp (dn) (NM_004699.3). Previous studies have demonstrated that FAM50A has ubiquitous expression in human fetal and adult tissues (incl. brain in fetal ones). Immunostaining suggests a nuclear localization for the protein (NIH/3T3 cells). Comparison of protein levels in LCLs from affected males and controls did not demonstrate significant differences. Protein localization for 3 variants (transfection of COS-7 cells) was shown to be similar to wt. Complementation studies in zebrafish provided evidence that the identified variants confer partial loss of function (rescue of the morpholino phenotype with co-injection of wt but not mt mRNA). The zebrafish ko model seemed to recapitulate the abnormal development of cephalic structures and was indicative of diminished/defective neurogenesis. Transcriptional dysregulation was demonstrated in zebrafish (altered levels and mis-splicing). Upregulation of spliceosome effectors was demonstrated in ko zebrafish. Similarly, mRNA expression and splicing defects were demonstrated in LCLs from affected individuals. FAM50A pulldown followed by mass spectrometry in transfected HEK293T cells demonstrated enrichment of binding proteins involved in RNA processing and co-immunoprecipitation assays (transfected U-87 cells) suggested that FAM50A interacts with spliceosome U5 and C-complex proteins. Overall aberrant spliceosome C-complex function is suggested as the underlying pathogenetic mechanism. Several other neurodevelopmental syndromes are caused by variants in genes encoding C-complex affiliated proteins (incl. EFTUD2, EIF4A3, THOC2, etc.). Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.3694 | BCOR | Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: BCOR was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.3693 | BCOR | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: BCOR: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 29974297; Phenotypes: Microphthalmia, syndromic 2, MIM# 300166, Oculofaciocardiodental syndrome, Lenz microphthalmia; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.3678 | AIFM1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: AIFM1 were changed from to Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 6, 300816; Cowchock syndrome, 310490; Deafness, X-linked 5, 300614; Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia, X-linked, with hypomyelinating leukodystrophy, 300232 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.3675 | AIFM1 | Elena Savva reviewed gene: AIFM1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID: 28842795; Phenotypes: Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 6, 300816, Cowchock syndrome, 310490, Deafness, X-linked 5, 300614, Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia, X-linked, with hypomyelinating leukodystrophy, 300232; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.3675 | PIGQ |
Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: PIGQ: Added comment: Homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in PIGQ cause Epileptic encephalopathy, early infantile, 77 (MIM #618548). Johnstone et al (2020 - PMID: 32588908) describe the phenotype of 7 children (from 6 families) with biallelic PIGQ pathogenic variants. The authors also review the phenotype of 3 subjects previously reported in the literature (by Martin et al, Alazami et al, Starr et al - respective PMIDs: 24463883, 25558065, 31148362). Affected individuals displayed severe to profound global DD/ID and seizures with onset in the first year of life. There were variable other features incl. - among others - genitourinary, cardiac, skeletal, ophthalmological anomalies, gastrointestinal issues. Within the cohort there was significant morbidity/mortality. PIGQ encodes phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis class Q protein, playing a role (early) in the biosynthesis of the GPI-anchor. Several genes in the GPI biosynthesis pathway cause multi-system disease with DD/ID and seizures. Flow cytometry has been used in individuals with PIGQ-related disorder. Serum ALP was elevated in some (4) although - as the authors comment - elevations are more typical in disorders affecting later steps of GPI biosynthesis. More than 10 variants have been reported to date (missense / pLoF).; Changed phenotypes: Epileptic encephalopathy, early infantile, 77, MIM# 618548 |
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| Mendeliome v0.3673 | SEC61B |
Zornitza Stark gene: SEC61B was added gene: SEC61B was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: SEC61B was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: SEC61B were set to 28862642; 30652979; 28375157 Phenotypes for gene: SEC61B were set to Polycystic liver disease with or without renal cysts Review for gene: SEC61B was set to AMBER Added comment: Two unrelated individuals reported. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.3672 | CHI3L1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: CHI3L1 were changed from to {Asthma-related traits, susceptibility to, 7} 611960; {Schizophrenia, susceptibility to} 181500 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.3670 | CHI3L1 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: CHI3L1: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: {Asthma-related traits, susceptibility to, 7} 611960, {Schizophrenia, susceptibility to} 181500; Mode of inheritance: None | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.3668 | NDUFA8 |
Zornitza Stark gene: NDUFA8 was added gene: NDUFA8 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: NDUFA8 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: NDUFA8 were set to 32385911 Phenotypes for gene: NDUFA8 were set to NDUFA8-related mitochondrial disease; Developmental delay; microcehaly; seizures Review for gene: NDUFA8 was set to RED Added comment: Single individual reported with homozygous variant, fibroblasts showed apparent biochemical defects in mitochondrial complex I. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.3666 | DLG5 |
Zornitza Stark gene: DLG5 was added gene: DLG5 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: DLG5 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: DLG5 were set to 32631816 Phenotypes for gene: DLG5 were set to Cystic kidneys, nephrotic syndrome, hydrocephalus, limb abnormalities, congenital heart disease and craniofacial malformations Review for gene: DLG5 was set to GREEN Added comment: Four unrelated families reported, supportive Xenopus animal model data. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.3631 | MAPK1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: MAPK1 was added gene: MAPK1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: MAPK1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: MAPK1 were set to 32721402 Phenotypes for gene: MAPK1 were set to Global developmental delay; Intellectual disability; Behavioral abnormality; Growth delay; Abnormality of the face; Abnormality of the neck; Abnormality of the cardiovascular system; Abnormality of the skin Review for gene: MAPK1 was set to GREEN Added comment: Motta et al (2020 - PMID: 32721402) report on 7 unrelated individuals harboring de novo missense MAPK1 pathogenic variants. The phenotype corresponded to a neurodevelopmental disorder and - as the authors comment - consistently included DD, ID , behavioral problems. Postnatal growth delay was observed in approximately half. Hypertelorism, ptosis, downslant of palpebral fissures, wide nasal bridge as low-set/posteriorly rotated ears were among the facial features observed (each in 3 or more subjects within this cohort). Together with short/webbed neck and abnormalities of skin (lentigines / CAL spots) and growth delay these led to clinical suspicion of Noonan s. or disorder of the same pathway in some. Congenital heart defects (ASD, mitral valve insufficiency, though not cardiomyopathy) occurred in 4/7. Bleeding diathesis and lymphedema were reported only once. MAPK1 encodes the mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (also known as ERK2) a serine/threonine kinase of the RAS-RAF-MEK-(MAPK/)ERK pathway. MAPK1 de novo variants were identified in all individuals following trio exome sequencing (and extensive previous genetic investigations which were non-diagnostic). The distribution of variants, as well as in silico/vitro/vivo studies suggest a GoF effect (boosted signal through the MAPK cascade. MAPK signaling also upregulated in Noonan syndrome). Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.3626 | AMBRA1 |
Bryony Thompson gene: AMBRA1 was added gene: AMBRA1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: AMBRA1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: AMBRA1 were set to 17589504; 32333458 Phenotypes for gene: AMBRA1 were set to Neural tube defects Review for gene: AMBRA1 was set to GREEN Added comment: 5 rare missense variants were identified in 6 cases from a neural tube defect cohort, and 4 (p.Thr80Met, p.Leu274Phe, p.Ser743Phe, and p.Met884Val) of them were functionally validated to affect autophagy regulation in vitro or zebrafish embryo development in vivo. There is also null mouse model with neural tube defects. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.3624 | ERLEC1 |
Bryony Thompson gene: ERLEC1 was added gene: ERLEC1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ERLEC1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: ERLEC1 were set to 32442352 Phenotypes for gene: ERLEC1 were set to Class III malocclusion Review for gene: ERLEC1 was set to GREEN Added comment: A heterozygous missense variant was found to co-segregate with dentofacial deformity in a multi-generational Chinese pedigree (2 unaffected carriers & 11 affected carriers), and 3 additional missense variants were identified in 3 unrelated cases from a sporadic malocclusion cohort. Additional functional assays were conducted to demonstrate that the proper level of ERLEC1 expression is crucial for proper osteogenic differentiation. All identified missense variants were assessed using luciferase reporter assays, and altered activity. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.3603 | NGLY1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: NGLY1 were changed from to Congenital disorder of deglycosylation, MIM# 615273 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.3600 | NGLY1 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: NGLY1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 24651605, 27388694; Phenotypes: Congenital disorder of deglycosylation, MIM# 615273; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.3590 | GNPNAT1 |
Arina Puzriakova changed review comment from: Four affected sibs from a consanguineous Pakistani family with skeletal dysplasia, characterised by severe short stature, rhizomelic shortening of the limbs, and metacarpal and metatarsal length irregularities in the hands and feet. WGS revealed a homozygous missense variant (c.226G>A; p.Glu76Lys) in GNPNAT1, which segregating with the phenotype. Gnpnat1 gene knockdown in primary rat chondrocytes decreased cellular proliferation and expression of chondrocyte differentiation markers, indicating the importance of Gnpnat1 for growth plate chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation. Sources: Literature; to: PMID: 32591345 (2020) - Four affected sibs from a consanguineous Pakistani family with skeletal dysplasia, characterised by severe short stature, rhizomelic shortening of the limbs, and metacarpal and metatarsal length irregularities in the hands and feet. WGS revealed a homozygous missense variant (c.226G>A; p.Glu76Lys) in GNPNAT1, which segregating with the phenotype. Gnpnat1 gene knockdown in primary rat chondrocytes decreased cellular proliferation and expression of chondrocyte differentiation markers, indicating the importance of Gnpnat1 for growth plate chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation. Additional cases required to validate pathogenicity of GNPNAT1. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.3590 | GNPNAT1 |
Arina Puzriakova gene: GNPNAT1 was added gene: GNPNAT1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: GNPNAT1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: GNPNAT1 were set to 32591345 Phenotypes for gene: GNPNAT1 were set to Rhizomelic skeletal dysplasia Review for gene: GNPNAT1 was set to RED Added comment: Four affected sibs from a consanguineous Pakistani family with skeletal dysplasia, characterised by severe short stature, rhizomelic shortening of the limbs, and metacarpal and metatarsal length irregularities in the hands and feet. WGS revealed a homozygous missense variant (c.226G>A; p.Glu76Lys) in GNPNAT1, which segregating with the phenotype. Gnpnat1 gene knockdown in primary rat chondrocytes decreased cellular proliferation and expression of chondrocyte differentiation markers, indicating the importance of Gnpnat1 for growth plate chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.3586 | IVNS1ABP |
Bryony Thompson gene: IVNS1ABP was added gene: IVNS1ABP was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: IVNS1ABP was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: IVNS1ABP were set to 32499645 Phenotypes for gene: IVNS1ABP were set to Primary immunodeficiency Review for gene: IVNS1ABP was set to GREEN Added comment: 3 unrelated families with putative loss of function variants. Case features and immunophenotyping of patient cells is suggestive of a combined immune deficiency, based on the ESID definitions of PID subtypes. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.3582 | SOCS1 |
Bryony Thompson gene: SOCS1 was added gene: SOCS1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SOCS1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: SOCS1 were set to 32499645; 10490099; 10490100 Phenotypes for gene: SOCS1 were set to Common variable immunodeficiency Review for gene: SOCS1 was set to GREEN Added comment: 2 unrelated families with truncating variants with supportive immunophenotyping of patient cells, and supporting null mouse models. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.3581 | MRPS23 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: MRPS23 were changed from Hepatic disease; Combined respiratory chain complex deficienciesHepatic disease; Combined respiratory chain complex deficiencies; Cardiomyopathy; Tubulopathy; Lactic acidosis; Structural brain abnormalities to Hepatic disease; Combined respiratory chain complex deficiencies; Hepatic disease; Combined respiratory chain complex deficiencies; Cardiomyopathy; Tubulopathy; Lactic acidosis; Structural brain abnormalities; Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 45, MIM#618951 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.3580 | MRPS23 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: MRPS23: Changed phenotypes: Hepatic disease, Combined respiratory chain complex deficiencies, Cardiomyopathy, Tubulopathy, Lactic acidosis, Structural brain abnormalities, Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 45, MIM#618951 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.3580 | MRPL12 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: MRPL12 were changed from Growth retardation; neurological deterioration; mitochondrial translation deficiency to Growth retardation; neurological deterioration; mitochondrial translation deficiency; Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 45, MIM#618951 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.3579 | MRPL12 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: MRPL12: Changed phenotypes: Growth retardation, neurological deterioration, mitochondrial translation deficiency, Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 45, MIM#618951 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.3561 | OBSCN |
Paul De Fazio gene: OBSCN was added gene: OBSCN was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: OBSCN was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Publications for gene: OBSCN were set to 30681346; 26573135; 17716621; 25173926; 28630914 Phenotypes for gene: OBSCN were set to Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Review for gene: OBSCN was set to RED gene: OBSCN was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: Limited evidence by ClinGen working group. Via ClinGen: 8 probands in 3 publications but only 3 probands from 1 publication were though to have pathogenic variants (others were excluded based on population frequency and expert review). No additional case reports were found. A mouse model lends some support to the association of this gene with heart disease although not HCM specifically. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.3561 | KLF10 |
Paul De Fazio gene: KLF10 was added gene: KLF10 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: KLF10 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Publications for gene: KLF10 were set to 22234868 Phenotypes for gene: KLF10 were set to HCM gene: KLF10 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: Curated by ClinGen and rated as limited evidence. Misssense mutations reported in six unrelated individuals patients (two males/four females), with family history of HCM only reported for one individual (PMID: 22234868). No further reports in the literature. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.3487 | HDAC8 | Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: HDAC8 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.3486 | HDAC8 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: HDAC8: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 30614194, 24403048; Phenotypes: Cornelia de Lange syndrome 5, MIM# 300882; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.3468 | IL6R | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: IL6R were changed from Recurrent pyogenic infections, cold abscesses; High circulating IL-6 levels; High IgE to Recurrent pyogenic infections, cold abscesses; High circulating IL-6 levels; High IgE; IgE recurrent infection syndrome, MIM#618944 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.3467 | IL6R | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: IL6R: Changed phenotypes: Recurrent pyogenic infections, cold abscesses, High circulating IL-6 levels, High IgE, IgE recurrent infection syndrome, MIM#618944 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.3454 | COG2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: COG2 were changed from to Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type IIq (MIM# 617395) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.3450 | COG2 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: COG2: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 24784932; Phenotypes: Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type IIq (MIM# 617395); Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.3450 | DACT1 |
Natalie Tan gene: DACT1 was added gene: DACT1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: NHS GMS Mode of inheritance for gene: DACT1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: DACT1 were set to PMID: 28054444; 22610794; 19701191 Phenotypes for gene: DACT1 were set to ?Townes-Brocks syndrome 2 (OMIM #617466) Review for gene: DACT1 was set to RED Added comment: Webb et al. (2017) reported 6 affected members of a 3-generation family with ?Townes-Brocks syndrome-2, identified heterozygosity for a nonsense mutation in the DACT1 gene that segregated with disease. Clinical features include imperforate anus, rectovaginal fistula, crossed fused renal ectopia, vesicoureteral reflux, unilateral microtia, overfolded helices and cupped ears. One family member (proband's mother) with scoliosis and spina bifida occulta. Neural tube defects reported in a study of human fetuses (PMID: 22610794) and a mouse model (PMID: 19701191). Listed in Decipher v10.0 for an individual with abnormalities of (i) head or neck (ii) nervous system (iii) skeletal system. Unlike the gene SALL1 that causes Townes-Brocks syndrome 1, there is no information specifically relating to DACT1 with radial dysplasia, as these were not observed in the family with ?Townes-Brocks syndrome 2 (PMID: 28054444). Sources: NHS GMS |
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| Mendeliome v0.3438 | KIAA0825 |
Zornitza Stark gene: KIAA0825 was added gene: KIAA0825 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: KIAA0825 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: KIAA0825 were set to 32147526; 30982135 Phenotypes for gene: KIAA0825 were set to Polydactyly, postaxial, type A10, MIM# 618498 Review for gene: KIAA0825 was set to GREEN Added comment: Three unrelated families reported. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.3425 | NSDHL | Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: NSDHL was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.3413 | NSDHL | Crystle Lee reviewed gene: NSDHL: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 15689440; Phenotypes: CHILD syndrome (MMIM#308050); Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.3380 | DPM1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: DPM1 were changed from to Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Ie, 608799 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.3377 | DPM1 | Elena Savva reviewed gene: DPM1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID: 23856421; Phenotypes: Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Ie, 608799; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.3376 | GIPC1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: GIPC1 was added gene: GIPC1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature 5'UTR, STR tags were added to gene: GIPC1. Mode of inheritance for gene: GIPC1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: GIPC1 were set to 32413282 Phenotypes for gene: GIPC1 were set to Oculopharyngodistal myopathy-2 (OPDM2), MIM#618940 Review for gene: GIPC1 was set to AMBER Added comment: 19 families reported with heterozygous trinucleotide repeat expansion in the 5-prime untranslated region and onset of distal muscle weakness, mainly of the lower limbs, and/or ophthalmoplegia in the second or third decades of life. Note this is unlikely to be tractable currently by most NGS assays. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.3327 | KIF21B |
Zornitza Stark gene: KIF21B was added gene: KIF21B was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: KIF21B was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: KIF21B were set to 32415109 Phenotypes for gene: KIF21B were set to Global developmental delay; Intellectual disability; Abnormality of brain morphology; Microcephaly Mode of pathogenicity for gene: KIF21B was set to Loss-of-function variants (as defined in pop up message) DO NOT cause this phenotype - please provide details in the comments Review for gene: KIF21B was set to GREEN Added comment: Asselin et al (2020 - PMID: 32415109) report on 4 individuals with KIF21B pathogenic variants. DD/ID (borderline intellectual functioning to severe ID) was a feature in all. Variable other findings included brain malformations (CCA) and microcephaly. 3 missense variants and a 4-bp insertion were identified, in 3 cases as de novo events while in a single subject the variant was inherited from the father who was also affected. The authors provide evidence for a role of KIF21B in the regulation of processes involved in cortical development and deleterious effect of the missense variants impeding neuronal migration and kinesin autoinhibition. Phenotypes specific to variants (e.g. CCA or microcephaly) were recapitulated in animal models. Missense variants are thought to exert a gain-of-function effect. As commented on, the 4-bp duplication (/frameshift) variant might not be pathogenic. In blood sample from the respective individual, RT-qPCR analysis suggested that haploinsufficiency (NMD) applies. Although Kif21b haploinsufficiency in mice was shown to lead to impaired neuronal positioning, the gene might partially tolerate LoF variants as also suggested by 28 such variants in gnomAD. Homozygous Kif21b ko mice display severe morphological abnormalities, partial loss of commissural fibers, cognitive deficits and altered synaptic transmission (several refs to previous studies provided by the authors). Sources: Expert Review |
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| Mendeliome v0.3325 | TBC1D2B |
Zornitza Stark gene: TBC1D2B was added gene: TBC1D2B was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: TBC1D2B was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: TBC1D2B were set to 32623794 Phenotypes for gene: TBC1D2B were set to Global developmental delay; Intellectual disability; Seizures; Gingival overgrowth; Behavioral abnormality; Abnormality of the mandible; Abnormality of brain morphology; Abnormality of the eye; Hearing abnormality Review for gene: TBC1D2B was set to GREEN Added comment: Harms et al (2020 - PMID: 32623794) report on 3 unrelated individuals with biallelic pLoF TBC1D2B variants. Features included cognitive impairment (mild ID in one case, regression at the age of 12y in another, hypotonia and delayed milestones in a third aged 8m), seizures (3/3 - variable age of onset) and/or gingival overgrowth (2/3 - prior to initiation of AEDs). Other findings included behavioral abnormalities, mandibular anomalies, abnormal brain imaging and ophthalmologic or (rarely) audiometric evaluations. All were born to non-consanguineous couples and additional investigations were performed in some. Variants were identified by WES or trio WGS, with Sanger confirmation/compatible segregation analyses. In line with the pLoF variants, mRNA studies in fibroblasts from 2 unrelated affected individuals demonstrated significantly reduced (~80-90%) TBC1C2D mRNA levels compared to controls, restored following cycloheximide treatment. Protein was absent in patient fibroblasts. TBC-domain containing GTPase activating proteins are known as key regulators of RAB GTPase activity. TBC1D2B was shown to colocalize with RAB5-positive endocytic vesicles. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated ko of TBC1D2B in HeLa cells suggested a role in EGF receptor endocytosis and decreased cell viability of TBC1D2B-deficient HeLa cells upon serum deprivation. Genes encoding other TBC domain-containg GTPase-activating proteins, e.g. TBC1D7 and TBC1D20, TBC1D24 are associated with recessive neurodevelopmental disorders (with ID and/or seizures) and the pathophysiological defect in TBC1D2B-related disorder (deficit in vesicle trafficking and/or cell survival) is proposed to be similar to that of TBC1D24. Sources: Expert Review |
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| Mendeliome v0.3323 | EXOC2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: EXOC2 was added gene: EXOC2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: EXOC2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: EXOC2 were set to 32639540 Phenotypes for gene: EXOC2 were set to Global developmental delay; Intellectual disability; Abnormality of the face; Abnormality of brain morphology Review for gene: EXOC2 was set to AMBER Added comment: Van Bergen et al (2020 - PMID: 32639540) report on 3 individuals from 2 families, harboring biallelic EXOC2 mutations. Clinical presentation included DD, ID (severe in 2 subjects from fam1, borderline intellectual functioning in fam2), dysmorphic features and brain abnormalities. Cerebellar anomalies were common to all with a molar tooth sign observed in one (1/3). Other findings limited to subjects from one family included acquired microcephaly, congenital contractures, spastic quadriplegia (each observed 2/3). Previous investigations were in all cases non-diagnostic. WES identified biallelic EXOC2 mutations in all affected individuals. EXOC2 encodes an exocyst subunit. The latter is an octameric complex, component of the membrane transport machinery, required for tethering and fusion of vesicles at the plasma membrane. As discussed ,vesicle transport is important for the development of brain and the function of neurons and glia. Exocyst function is also important for delivery of Arl13b to the primary cilium (biallelic ARL13B mutations cause Joubert syndrome 8) and ciliogenesis. Affected subjects from a broader consanguineous family (fam1) were homozygous for a truncating variant. Fibroblast studies revealed mRNA levels compatible with NMD (further restored in presence of CHX) as well as reduced protein levels. The female belonging to the second non-consanguineous family was found to harbor 2 missense variants in trans configuration. An exocytosis defect was demonstrated in fibroblasts from individuals belonging to both families. Ciliogenesis appeared to be normal, however Arl13b localization/recruitment to the cilia was reduced compared with control cells with the defect rescued upon exogenous expression of wt EXOC2. Mutations in other genes encoding components of the exocyst complex have been previously reported in individuals with relevant phenotypes (e.g. EXOC8 in a boy with features of Joubert s. or EXOC4 in nephrotic syndrome). The authors discuss on the essential role of EXOC2 based on model organism studies (e.g. impaired neuronal membrane traffic, failure of neuronal polarization and neuromuscular junction expansion seen in Drosophila Sec5 (EXOC2) null mutants). Sources: Expert Review |
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| Mendeliome v0.3321 | CCDC174 |
Zornitza Stark gene: CCDC174 was added gene: CCDC174 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: CCDC174 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: CCDC174 were set to 26358778 Phenotypes for gene: CCDC174 were set to Hypotonia, infantile, with psychomotor retardation - IHPMR, 616816 Review for gene: CCDC174 was set to AMBER Added comment: Biallelic pathogenic CCDC174 variants cause Hypotonia, infantile, with psychomotor retardation - IHPMR (MIM 616816). Volodarsky et al [2015 - PMID: 26358778] describe 6 children from 2 unrelated families with - among others - severe hypotonia, psychomotor delay and abducens nerve palsy. All affected subjects were homozygous for a stoploss variant. Evidence from functional studies/animal model is provided supporting the role of the gene in this phenotype. Overall this gene can be considered for inclusion in the ID panel with amber rating (2 families, single founder variant, consistent phenotype, supportive studies) pending further reports. Sources: Expert Review |
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| Mendeliome v0.3318 | ABCA2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: ABCA2 was added gene: ABCA2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: ABCA2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: ABCA2 were set to 30237576; 29302074; 31047799 Phenotypes for gene: ABCA2 were set to Intellectual developmental disorder with poor growth and with or without seizures or ataxia, 618808 Review for gene: ABCA2 was set to GREEN Added comment: Biallelic pathogenic ABCA2 variants cause Intellectual developmental disorder with poor growth and with or without seizures or ataxia (MIM 618808). There are 3 relevant publications (01-07-2020) : - Maddirevula et al [2019 - PMID: 30237576] described briefly 2 unrelated subjects (16-2987, 16DG0071) both DD and seizures among other manifestations. - Hu et al [2019 - PMID: 29302074] reported 3 sibs (M8600615 - III:1-3) born to consanguineous parents (M8600615 - III:1-3) with DD/ID (formal confirmation of moderate ID, in those (2) evaluated). One also presented with seizures. - Aslam and Naz [2019 - PMID: 31047799] provided clinical details on 2 siblings born to consanguineous parents. ID was reported for the older sib but was absent in the younger one. Seizures were not part of the phenotype. All subjects harbored biallelic pLoF variants. N.B. : Steinberg et al [2015 - PMID: 25773295], within a cohort of patients with ALS, identified one with biallelic ABCA2 variants. As however Aslam and Naz comment, this person harbored a single pathogenic variant, with a second one rather unlikely to be pathogenic due to high allele frequency. Overall this gene can be considered for inclusion with green rating in both ID and epilepsy panels (each in >=3 unrelated individuals). Sources: Expert Review |
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| Mendeliome v0.3308 | SGMS2 |
Bryony Thompson gene: SGMS2 was added gene: SGMS2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: SGMS2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: SGMS2 were set to 30779713; 32028018 Phenotypes for gene: SGMS2 were set to Calvarial doughnut lesions with bone fragility with or without spondylometaphyseal dysplasia MIM#126550 Review for gene: SGMS2 was set to GREEN Added comment: 12 patients from 6 unrelated families with the same stopgain variant (p.Arg50*), with osteoporosis that resembles osteogenesis imperfecta. In vitro over-expression assays of the variant demonstrate protein that was completely mislocalized in the cytosolic and nuclear compartments. 2 unrelated families were heterozygous for 2 missense (p.Ile62Ser, p.Met64Arg) with bone fragility and severe short stature, and spondylometaphyseal dysplasia. In vitro assays of each variant demonstrated an enhanced rate of de novo sphingomyelin production by blocking export of a functional enzyme from the endoplasmic reticulum. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.3295 | DPM2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: DPM2 were changed from to Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Iu, MIM# 615042 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.3291 | DPM2 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: DPM2: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 23109149; Phenotypes: Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Iu, MIM# 615042; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.3284 | MRPS34 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: MRPS34: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 28777931; Phenotypes: Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 32, MIM# 617664; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.3284 | MRPS34 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: MRPS34 were changed from to Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 32, 61766 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.3281 | MRPS34 | Elena Savva reviewed gene: MRPS34: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID: 28777931; Phenotypes: Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 32, 61766; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.3271 | MTMR14 | Zornitza Stark Added comment: Comment when marking as ready: Single family and animal models; postulated to be a modifier in the other family. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.3270 | MTMR14 | Zornitza Stark Added comment: Comment when marking as ready: Postulated to be a modifier. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.3266 | GGPS1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: GGPS1 was added gene: GGPS1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: GGPS1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: GGPS1 were set to 32403198 Phenotypes for gene: GGPS1 were set to Muscular dystrophy; Deafness; Ovarian insufficiency Review for gene: GGPS1 was set to GREEN Added comment: 11 individuals from 6 unrelated families reported. In addition to proximal weakness, all but one patient presented with congenital sensorineural hearing loss, and all postpubertal females had primary ovarian insufficiency. Muscle histology was dystrophic, with ultrastructural evidence of autophagic material and large mitochondria in the most severe cases. Knock-in mouse of one of the mutations (Y259C) resulted in prenatal lethality. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.3264 | DNMBP |
Seb Lunke gene: DNMBP was added gene: DNMBP was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: DNMBP was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: DNMBP were set to 30290152 Phenotypes for gene: DNMBP were set to congenital cataract Review for gene: DNMBP was set to GREEN gene: DNMBP was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: Multiple individuals from three independent large consanguineous families with bilateral infantile cataracts. Seperate hom nonsense variants. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.3263 | CRYGA |
Zornitza Stark gene: CRYGA was added gene: CRYGA was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list refuted tags were added to gene: CRYGA. Mode of inheritance for gene: CRYGA was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: CRYGA were set to 30450742; 28839118 Phenotypes for gene: CRYGA were set to Cataract Review for gene: CRYGA was set to RED Added comment: Reported as potentially disease causing in multiple individuals from two seperate families, but in both cases variant is present in the general population (20 Hets for one variant, >1000 hets and 9 homs in other variant) Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.3261 | ADAMTSL4 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ADAMTSL4 were changed from to Ectopia lentis, isolated, autosomal recessive, MIM# 225100 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.3258 | ADAMTSL4 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: ADAMTSL4: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 19200529, 20564469, 20141359, 21051722; Phenotypes: Ectopia lentis, isolated, autosomal recessive, MIM# 225100; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.3250 | CFAP74 |
Zornitza Stark gene: CFAP74 was added gene: CFAP74 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: CFAP74 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: CFAP74 were set to 32555313 Phenotypes for gene: CFAP74 were set to Primary ciliary dyskinesia; infertility Review for gene: CFAP74 was set to AMBER Added comment: Two unrelated individuals with compound het missense variants reported. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.3248 | ASPRV1 |
Ee Ming Wong gene: ASPRV1 was added gene: ASPRV1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ASPRV1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: ASPRV1 were set to PMID: 32516568 Phenotypes for gene: ASPRV1 were set to palmoplantar keratoderma; lamellar ichthyosis Review for gene: ASPRV1 was set to GREEN gene: ASPRV1 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: -3 heterozygous missense variants identified across 4 unrelated kindreds -mutant ASPRV1 expressed in human keratinocytes suggests impaired filaggrin processing Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.3242 | SREBF1 |
Paul De Fazio gene: SREBF1 was added gene: SREBF1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SREBF1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Publications for gene: SREBF1 were set to 32497488 Phenotypes for gene: SREBF1 were set to IFAP (ichthyosis follicularis, atrichia, and photophobia) syndrome Review for gene: SREBF1 was set to GREEN gene: SREBF1 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: 11 unrelated, ethnically diverse individuals with autosomal-dominant IFAP syndrome. 3 different msisense variants identified affecting the same region (residues 527, 528, and 530). Functional studies support impaired function (impaired nuclear translocation of the transcriptionally active form of SREBP1 resulting in lower expression of the SREBP1 variants). Increased keratinocyte apoptosis was observed in patient scalp samples. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.3231 | ADPRHL2 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Ataxia is part of the phenotype. Sources: Expert list; to: 14 families reported, onset is in the first years of life following normal early development. Patients have cyclic episodic deterioration in response to stress, such as infection or febrile illness. The severity is highly variable: some patients develop seizures early in life that are associated with loss of developmental milestones and early sudden death in childhood, whereas others present at a later age with muscle weakness, gait ataxia, impaired speech, more subtle clinical deterioration, and cognitive decline. Neurologic involvement includes gait ataxia, cerebellar signs associated with cerebellar atrophy, generalized brain atrophy, impaired intellectual development, hearing loss, and peripheral neuropathy. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.3230 | GPR161 |
Zornitza Stark gene: GPR161 was added gene: GPR161 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: GPR161 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: GPR161 were set to 31609649 Phenotypes for gene: GPR161 were set to Predisposition to paediatric medulloblastoma Review for gene: GPR161 was set to GREEN Added comment: 6 unrelated individuals reported with germline variants, 5 with truncating, one missense. Somatic second hit in tumour tissue. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.3229 | SETD1B | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: SETD1B were changed from to Epilepsy with myoclonic absences; intellectual disability; SETD1B-related neurodevelopmental disorder | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.3226 | SETD1B | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: SETD1B: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 32546566, 29322246, 31440728, 31685013; Phenotypes: Epilepsy with myoclonic absences, intellectual disability, SETD1B-related neurodevelopmental disorder; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.3225 | ARF1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: ARF1 was added gene: ARF1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: ARF1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: ARF1 were set to 28868155 Phenotypes for gene: ARF1 were set to Periventricular nodular heterotopia 8, MIM# 618185 Review for gene: ARF1 was set to GREEN Added comment: Three unrelated individuals reported with de novo missense in this gene. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.3222 | MRAS |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Two unrelated individuals reported with de novo variants in this gene. Rated as LIMITED by ClinGen. Sources: Expert list; to: Two unrelated individuals reported with de novo variants in this gene initially. Rated as LIMITED by ClinGen in 2018. Note 4 further individuals reported since. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.3222 | MRAS |
Zornitza Stark gene: MRAS was added gene: MRAS was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: MRAS was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: MRAS were set to 28289718 Phenotypes for gene: MRAS were set to Noonan syndrome Review for gene: MRAS was set to AMBER Added comment: Two unrelated individuals reported with de novo variants in this gene. Rated as LIMITED by ClinGen. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.3211 | CCDC32 | Zornitza Stark Added comment: Comment when marking as ready: Three affected individuals from two unrelated families, supportive animal model and other functional data consistent with this being a ciliopathy. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.3202 | CAPZA2 |
Eleanor Williams gene: CAPZA2 was added gene: CAPZA2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: CAPZA2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Publications for gene: CAPZA2 were set to 32338762 Phenotypes for gene: CAPZA2 were set to intellectual disability Review for gene: CAPZA2 was set to AMBER Added comment: PMID: 32338762 - Huang et al 2020 - report 2 unrelated families (Chinese and European) in which a de novo heterozygous variant has been identified in CAPZA2 in paediatric probands that present with global motor development delay, speech delay, intellectual disability, hypotonia. One proband had seizures at 7 months but these were controlled with medication and did not repeat. The other proband at age one had an atypical febrile seizure that was controlled without medication. Functional studies in Drosophila suggest that these variants are mild loss of function mutations but that they can act as dominant negative variants in actin polymerization in bristles. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.3202 | CCDC32 |
Eleanor Williams gene: CCDC32 was added gene: CCDC32 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: CCDC32 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: CCDC32 were set to 32307552 Phenotypes for gene: CCDC32 were set to craniofacial, cardiac and neurodevelopmental anomalies Review for gene: CCDC32 was set to AMBER Added comment: PMID: 32307552 - Harel et al 2020 - reports 2 unrelated consanguineous families with probands with homozygous frameshift variants in CCDC32. Parents are heterozygous. Phenotype is a congenital syndrome characterized by craniofacial, cardiac and neurodevelopmental anomalies. Functional studies in zebrafish show that ccdc32 depletion impairs cilia formation and shows a role for ccdc32 in craniofacial, brain and left/right axis development. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.3196 | EXOC7 |
Zornitza Stark gene: EXOC7 was added gene: EXOC7 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: EXOC7 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: EXOC7 were set to 32103185 Phenotypes for gene: EXOC7 were set to brain atrophy; seizures; developmental delay; microcephaly Review for gene: EXOC7 was set to GREEN Added comment: 4 families with 8 affected individuals with brain atrophy, seizures, and developmental delay, and in more severe cases microcephaly and infantile death. Four novel homozygous or comp.heterozygous variants found in EXOC7, which segregated with disease in the families. They showed that EXOC7, a member of the mammalian exocyst complex, is highly expressed in developing human cortex. In addition, a zebrafish model of Exoc7 deficiency recapitulates the human disorder with increased apoptosis and decreased progenitor cells during telencephalon development, suggesting that the brain atrophy in human cases reflects neuronal degeneration. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.3195 | HNRNPH1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: HNRNPH1 was added gene: HNRNPH1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: HNRNPH1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: HNRNPH1 were set to 32335897; 29938792 Phenotypes for gene: HNRNPH1 were set to HNRNPH1‐related syndromic intellectual disability Review for gene: HNRNPH1 was set to GREEN Added comment: 1st patient reported in 2018 with intellectual disability and dysmorphic features and HNRNPH1 heterozygous missense variant. 2020 paper reports additional 7 cases with ID, short stature, microcephaly, distinctive dysmorphic facial features, and congenital anomalies (cranial, brain, genitourinary, palate, ophthalmologic). They all had HNRNPH1 heterozygous pathogenic variants (missense, frameshift, in‐frame deletion, entire gene duplication) and were identified using clinical networks and GeneMatcher. No comments in paper if all de novo. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.3189 | EMILIN1 |
Naomi Baker changed review comment from: Missense mutations identified in two families. First family, proband presented with ascending and descending aortic aneurysms, bilateral lower leg and foot sensorimotor peripheral neuropathy, arthropathy, and increased skin elasticity. Variant segregated with disease in the affected proband, mother, and son. Second family, father and three affected children showed amyotrophy and weakness of the distal lower limbs, dating back to early childhood. Some functional studies performed in patient fibroblasts and zebrafish, however these were not conclusive as the two missense mutations are at different locations within the protein. Sources: Literature; to: Missense mutations identified in two families. First family, proband presented with ascending and descending aortic aneurysms, bilateral lower leg and foot sensorimotor peripheral neuropathy, arthropathy, and increased skin elasticity. Variant segregated with disease in the affected proband, mother, and son. Second family, father and three affected children showed amyotrophy and weakness of the distal lower limbs, dating back to early childhood. Some functional studies performed in patient fibroblasts and zebrafish, however these were not conclusive as the two missense mutations are at different locations within the protein. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.3189 | EMILIN1 |
Naomi Baker gene: EMILIN1 was added gene: EMILIN1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: EMILIN1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: EMILIN1 were set to PMID: 31978608; 26462740. Phenotypes for gene: EMILIN1 were set to peripheral neuropathy Penetrance for gene: EMILIN1 were set to unknown Review for gene: EMILIN1 was set to AMBER Added comment: Missense mutations identified in two families. First family, proband presented with ascending and descending aortic aneurysms, bilateral lower leg and foot sensorimotor peripheral neuropathy, arthropathy, and increased skin elasticity. Variant segregated with disease in the affected proband, mother, and son. Second family, father and three affected children showed amyotrophy and weakness of the distal lower limbs, dating back to early childhood. Some functional studies performed in patient fibroblasts and zebrafish, however these were not conclusive as the two missense mutations are at different locations within the protein. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.3182 | CACNB1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: CACNB1 was added gene: CACNB1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: CACNB1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: CACNB1 were set to 27832566; 8943043; 29212769 Phenotypes for gene: CACNB1 were set to Malignant hyperthermia susceptibility Added comment: A single heterozygous case with a positive IVCT muscle biopsy has been reported with p.Val156Ala. The European non-Finnish allele frequency in gnomAD v2.1 is 0.001146 (148/129,118 alleles), which is higher than the expected population frequency for dominantly inherited malignant hyperthermia (0.1%). Additionally, functional assays of this variant, suggest it would only significantly affect function in the homozygous state (suggesting a recessive condition). Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.3156 | AXL |
Bryony Thompson gene: AXL was added gene: AXL was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: AXL was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: AXL were set to 18787040; 24476074 Phenotypes for gene: AXL were set to Kallman syndrome; normosmic idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism Review for gene: AXL was set to AMBER Added comment: Axl null mice had delayed first oestrus and persistently abnormal oestrous cyclicality compared with wild-type controls. Only a single study reported screening human cases. In a screen of 104 probands with KS or nIHH, four heterozygous AXL mutations were identified in two KS and two nIHH unrelated subjects (two males and two females). Three of the variants appear to be too common in gnomAD v2.1 given the reported prevalence of KS reported in GeneReviews (1:30,000 in males and 1:125,000 in females): c.587-6C>T (normal splicing in RNA studies, NFE AF 0.0001472), p.Q361P (NFE 0.002560), p.L50F (AJ 0.004405). The other variant p.S202C (4 hets, 1 female in gnomAD v2.1) is rare enough in gnomAD for a dominant disorder. In vitro functional assays were conducted and p.S202C had an significant effect on function, but so did the more common variant p.Q361P. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.3150 | GOLGA2 |
Elena Savva gene: GOLGA2 was added gene: GOLGA2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: GOLGA2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: GOLGA2 were set to PMID: 30237576; 26742501 Phenotypes for gene: GOLGA2 were set to Nueromuscular disorder Review for gene: GOLGA2 was set to GREEN Added comment: PMID: 30237576 - One 11 year old patient with a homozygous PTC. Patient had global dev delay, microcephaly, distal muscle weakness with joint contractures and elevated CK levels. Muscle biopsy showed dystrophin changes. MRI at 2 years old showed brain atrophy with thin corpus callosum and hypomyelination. No seizures or regression. PMID: 26742501 - One infant with a homozygous PTC. Patient had dev delay, seizures, microcephaly and muscular dystrophy. Zebrafish null model recapitulates the human phenotype with microcephaly and skeletal muscle disorganization. Summary: 2 patients + animal model Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.3141 | SORD | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: SORD were changed from isolated hereditary neuropathy to isolated hereditary neuropathy; Sorbitol dehydrogenase deficiency with peripheral neuropathy (SORDDPN), MIM#618912 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.3140 | ANKRD1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ANKRD1 were changed from to Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; Dilated cardiomyopathy | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.3136 | ANKRD1 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: ANKRD1: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 19608030, 19525294, 30681346; Phenotypes: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Dilated cardiomyopathy; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.3125 | FITM2 |
Bryony Thompson gene: FITM2 was added gene: FITM2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: FITM2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: FITM2 were set to 28067622; 30214770; 30288795 Phenotypes for gene: FITM2 were set to Siddiqi syndrome MIM#618635; dystonia; deafness Review for gene: FITM2 was set to GREEN Added comment: 7 cases from 3 unrelated families (2 consanguineous) with a dystonia-deafness syndrome and a supporting Drosophila model. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.3117 | NEXMIF | Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: NEXMIF was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.3112 | KDM6A | Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: KDM6A was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.3111 | KDM6A | Elena Savva reviewed gene: KDM6A: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID:27302555, 24664873; Phenotypes: Kabuki syndrome 2, 300867; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males); Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.3111 | NEXMIF | Elena Savva reviewed gene: NEXMIF: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID: 27358180; Phenotypes: Mental retardation, X-linked 98 300912; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.3110 | STAG3 |
Bryony Thompson gene: STAG3 was added gene: STAG3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: STAG3 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: STAG3 were set to 24597867; 26059840; 31803224; 31363903 Phenotypes for gene: STAG3 were set to Premature ovarian failure 8 MIM#615723 Review for gene: STAG3 was set to GREEN Added comment: At least four unrelated families with ovarian failure and a supporting null mouse model. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.3108 | SOHLH1 |
Bryony Thompson gene: SOHLH1 was added gene: SOHLH1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: SOHLH1 was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SOHLH1 were set to 25774885; 16690745; 31042289; 20506135; 28718531 Phenotypes for gene: SOHLH1 were set to Ovarian dysgenesis 5 MIM#617690; Spermatogenic failure 32 MIM#618115 Review for gene: SOHLH1 was set to GREEN Added comment: Women in 3 unrelated families with ovarian dysgenesis and homozygous variants, and a supporting null mouse model. At least 4 males with heterozygous variants and spermatogenic failure. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.3106 | HFM1 |
Bryony Thompson gene: HFM1 was added gene: HFM1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: HFM1 was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: HFM1 were set to 23555294; 24597873; 31279343 Phenotypes for gene: HFM1 were set to Premature ovarian failure 9 MIM#615724 Review for gene: HFM1 was set to GREEN Added comment: Three cases from 2 unrelated families with compound heterozygous variants, and a single family with a heterozygous variant have been reported with ovarian failure. There is also a supporting null mouse model. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.3094 | AMPD1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: AMPD1 were changed from to Myopathy due to myoadenylate deaminase deficiency (MIM#615511) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.3090 | AMPD1 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: AMPD1: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 21343608, 27296017; Phenotypes: Myopathy due to myoadenylate deaminase deficiency (MIM#615511); Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.3084 | PMP2 |
Bryony Thompson gene: PMP2 was added gene: PMP2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: PMP2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: PMP2 were set to 26257172; 26828946; 27009151 Phenotypes for gene: PMP2 were set to Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, demyelinating, type 1G MIM#618279 Review for gene: PMP2 was set to GREEN Added comment: 4 unrelated families reported with missense variants, with supporting transgenic mouse and null zebrafish models. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.3081 | HPRT1 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: HPRT1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID: 20176575; Phenotypes: HPRT-related gout (MIM# 300323), Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (MIM# 300322); Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.3074 | ADGRG1 | Elena Savva reviewed gene: ADGRG1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID: 24531968; Phenotypes: Polymicrogyria, bilateral frontoparietal 606854, Polymicrogyria, bilateral perisylvian 615752; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.3044 | EWSR1 | Seb Lunke Phenotypes for gene: EWSR1 were changed from to Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.3040 | EWSR1 | Seb Lunke reviewed gene: EWSR1: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 29731676, 22454397; Phenotypes: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.3040 | TRPM7 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: TRPM7 were changed from to {Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-parkinsonism/dementia complex, susceptibility to}, MIM# 105500 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.3038 | TRPM7 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: TRPM7: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: {Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-parkinsonism/dementia complex, susceptibility to}, MIM# 105500; Mode of inheritance: None | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.3028 | NUP88 |
Zornitza Stark gene: NUP88 was added gene: NUP88 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: NUP88 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: NUP88 were set to 30543681 Phenotypes for gene: NUP88 were set to Fetal akinesia deformation sequence 4, MIM# 618393 Review for gene: NUP88 was set to GREEN Added comment: Two unrelated families, functional data on the variants support pathogenicity as does a zebrafish model. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.3013 | LEF1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: LEF1 was added gene: LEF1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: LEF1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: LEF1 were set to 32022899 Phenotypes for gene: LEF1 were set to Ectodermal dysplasia, no OMIM# yet Review for gene: LEF1 was set to RED Added comment: In mice, targeted inactivation of the LEF1 gene results in a complete block of development of multiple ectodermal appendages. One report of two unrelated patients with 4q25 de novo deletion encompassing LEF1 , associated with severe oligodontia of primary and permanent dentition, hypotrichosis and hypohidrosis compatible with hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. So far, no pathogenic variants or variations involving the LEF1 gene have been reported in human. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.3002 | COG4 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: COG4 were changed from to Saul-Wilson syndrome, OMIM #618150; Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type IIj, OMIM #613489 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.2999 | COG4 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: COG4: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 31949312, 30290151, 19494034, 21185756; Phenotypes: Saul-Wilson syndrome, OMIM #618150, Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type IIj, OMIM #613489; Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.2970 | EFEMP1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: EFEMP1 were changed from to Doyne honeycomb degeneration of retina, MIM# 126600; EFEMP1-related connective tissue disorder | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.2966 | EFEMP1 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: EFEMP1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 32006683, 31792352; Phenotypes: Doyne honeycomb degeneration of retina, MIM# 126600, EFEMP1-related connective tissue disorder; Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.2959 | SCYL2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: SCYL2 was added gene: SCYL2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SCYL2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SCYL2 were set to 31960134; 26203146 Phenotypes for gene: SCYL2 were set to Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC); Zain syndrome Review for gene: SCYL2 was set to AMBER Added comment: Two unrelated families reported with AMC, variable other features including microcephaly. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.2956 | RIMS2 |
Paul De Fazio changed review comment from: Biallelic LoF variants segregate with Syndromic Congenital Cone-Rod Synaptic Disease in 7 individuals across 4 families. Some functional studies related to insulin secretion but they are non-significant. Sources: Literature; to: Biallelic LoF variants segregate with Syndromic Congenital Cone-Rod Synaptic Disease in 7 individuals across 4 families. Some functional studies related to insulin secretion but they are non-significant. Several individuals had autism. One had night blindness. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.2943 | SPATA13 |
Ain Roesley changed review comment from: PMID: 32339198; 10 unrelated probands with missense except for 2 families with inframe del of 9bp. Sources: Literature; to: PMID: 32339198; 10 unrelated probands with missense except for 2 families with inframe del of 9bp. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.2943 | SPATA13 |
Ain Roesley gene: SPATA13 was added gene: SPATA13 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SPATA13 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: SPATA13 were set to PMID: 32339198 Phenotypes for gene: SPATA13 were set to primary angle-closure glaucoma Added comment: PMID: 32339198; 10 unrelated probands with missense except for 2 families with inframe del of 9bp. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.2943 | RIMS2 |
Paul De Fazio changed review comment from: Segregates with Syndromic Congenital Cone-Rod Synaptic Disease in 7 individuals across 4 families. Some functional studies related to insulin secretion but they are non-significant. Sources: Literature; to: Biallelic LoF variants segregate with Syndromic Congenital Cone-Rod Synaptic Disease in 7 individuals across 4 families. Some functional studies related to insulin secretion but they are non-significant. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.2943 | TRIM71 |
Elena Savva gene: TRIM71 was added gene: TRIM71 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: TRIM71 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Publications for gene: TRIM71 were set to PMID: 29983323; 32168371; 30975633 Phenotypes for gene: TRIM71 were set to Hydrocephalus, congenital communicating, 1 618667 Mode of pathogenicity for gene: TRIM71 was set to Other Added comment: PMID: 29983323 - 3 unrelated patients with de novo missense and hydrocephalus with ventriculomegaly (p.Arg608His recurrent). One patient then transmitted the variant to an affected child. PMID: 32168371 - refers to the gene as an established sources of neurodevelopmental disorder PMID: 30975633 - identifies and proves by functional studies that TRIM71 is essential for neurodevelopment. Proposes a LOF mechanism. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.2943 | RIMS2 |
Paul De Fazio gene: RIMS2 was added gene: RIMS2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: RIMS2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: RIMS2 were set to 32470375 Review for gene: RIMS2 was set to GREEN Added comment: Segregates with Syndromic Congenital Cone-Rod Synaptic Disease in 7 individuals across 4 families. Some functional studies related to insulin secretion but they are non-significant. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.2940 | SORD |
Seb Lunke gene: SORD was added gene: SORD was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SORD was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SORD were set to 32367058 Phenotypes for gene: SORD were set to isolated hereditary neuropathy Review for gene: SORD was set to GREEN gene: SORD was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: 45 individuals from 38 families across multiple ancestries carrying the nonsense c.757delG (p.Ala253GlnfsTer27) variant in SORD, in either a homozygous or compound heterozygous state Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.2889 | ARL3 |
Bryony Thompson gene: ARL3 was added gene: ARL3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: ARL3 was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: ARL3 were set to 30269812; 16565502; 26964041; 30932721 Phenotypes for gene: ARL3 were set to Joubert syndrome 35 MIM#618161; Retinitis pigmentosa 83 MIM#618173 Review for gene: ARL3 was set to GREEN Added comment: 4 patients from 2 unrelated consanguineous families with a phenotype resembling Joubert syndrome with homozygous missense mutations affecting the same residue (R149C, R149H), and supporting in vitro functional assays. All reported cases had rod-cone dystrophy. An Arl3 null mouse model has a ciliary disease phenotype affecting the kidney, biliary tract, pancreas, and retina. Two unrelated families with retinitis pigmentosa segregating the same heterozygous missense variant (Y90C). Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.2882 | CEP19 |
Bryony Thompson gene: CEP19 was added gene: CEP19 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: CEP19 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: CEP19 were set to 29127258; 24268657 Phenotypes for gene: CEP19 were set to Morbid obesity and spermatogenic failure MIM#615703 Review for gene: CEP19 was set to AMBER Added comment: A consanguineous Arab family with morbid obesity and infertility with a homozygous predicted null variant, and a mouse model that recapitulates the phenotype. Another homozygous variant has been identified in a consanguineous Bardet Beidl syndrome. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.2879 | GDF3 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: GDF3 were changed from to Microphthalmia with coloboma 6, MIM# 613703; Microphthalmia, isolated 7, MIM# 613704 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.2876 | GDF3 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: GDF3: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 19864492; Phenotypes: Microphthalmia with coloboma 6 613703, Microphthalmia, isolated 7 613704; Mode of inheritance: None | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.2867 | DHX30 | Zornitza Stark Added comment: Comment when marking as ready: Twelve unrelated individuals reported with de novo missense variants, some recurrent. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.2853 | TRIP12 | Zornitza Stark commented on gene: TRIP12: At least 10 unrelated patients reported with ID with or without autism (PMIDs: 27848077, 28251352). | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.2850 | CX3CR1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: CX3CR1 were changed from to Coronary artery disease, resistance to}, MIM# 607339; {Macular degeneration, age-related, 12} 613784; {Rapid progression to AIDS from HIV1 infection} 609423 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.2848 | CX3CR1 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: CX3CR1: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Coronary artery disease, resistance to}, MIM# 607339, {Macular degeneration, age-related, 12} 613784, {Rapid progression to AIDS from HIV1 infection} 609423; Mode of inheritance: None | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.2842 | B9D1 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Two unrelated individuals with JS and bi-allelic variants in this gene, plus one individual with a more severe Meckel phenotype described. Intellectual disability is part of the phenotype. Sources: Expert list; to: Two unrelated individuals with JS and bi-allelic variants in this gene, plus one individual with a more severe Meckel phenotype described. This latter individual had a splice site variant and a deletion. Splice variant proven to result in exon skipping -> PTC, but the deletion spans a large region including 18 other genes. Patient also had an additional variant in CEP290 called LP. Authors perform functional studies on patient cells but given the large deletion/CEP290 variant i dont see the results are usable PMID: 25920555 - another report of digenic inheritance - not usable, patient was only heterozygous for a single B9D1 variant. |
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| Mendeliome v0.2825 | PDXK |
Russell Gear gene: PDXK was added gene: PDXK was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: PDXK was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: PDXK were set to (PMID: 31187503) Phenotypes for gene: PDXK were set to Axonal polyneuropathy; optic atrophy Review for gene: PDXK was set to RED Added comment: Currently two unrelated families with axonal polyneuropathy and optic atrophy described in the same paper, with bi-allelic PDXK pathogenic variants. Functional work in the same paper includes work on patient derived fibroblasts, measurement of an axonal damage biomarker (NFL protein), and response to PLP supplementation treatment. Need one further unrelated family to upgrade to green? Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.2814 | LRRC56 |
Elena Savva gene: LRRC56 was added gene: LRRC56 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: LRRC56 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: LRRC56 were set to PMID: 30388400 Phenotypes for gene: LRRC56 were set to Ciliary dyskinesia, primary, 39 618254 Added comment: PMID: 30388400 - used protist null model to show abnormal ciliary beatings, replicated the phenotype when the protist was transfected with mutant allele observed in a patient. 3 unrelated families reported with either homozygous splice, missense or chet (nonsense/splice). Patients exhibited phenotypes including chronic respiratory/ear infections, situs inversus Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.2814 | MOGS | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: MOGS were changed from to Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type IIb 606056 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.2806 | GFI1B |
Bryony Thompson gene: GFI1B was added gene: GFI1B was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: GFI1B was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: GFI1B were set to 24325358; 23927492; 28041820; 11825872 Phenotypes for gene: GFI1B were set to Bleeding disorder, platelet-type, 17 MIM#187900 Review for gene: GFI1B was set to GREEN Added comment: Three families with a heterozygous variant and one case with a homozygous variant, with supporting in vitro functional assays. A null mouse model contained erythroid and megakaryocytic precursors arrested in their development. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.2805 | MOGS | Elena Savva reviewed gene: MOGS: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID: 31925597; Phenotypes: Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type IIb 606056; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.2791 | CEP112 |
Bryony Thompson gene: CEP112 was added gene: CEP112 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: CEP112 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: CEP112 were set to 31654588 Phenotypes for gene: CEP112 were set to Acephalic spermatozoa; infertility Review for gene: CEP112 was set to AMBER Added comment: Two unrelated cases reported with acephalic spermatozoa, one case with a homozygous nonsense variant and the other case with biallelic missense variants. CEP112 expression was significantly reduced in one of the cases, suggesting loss of function as a mechanism of disease. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.2790 | PRKD1 | Kristin Rigbye changed review comment from: Only 3 pathogenic missense reported to date, although two of these are recurring in unrelated individuals (ClinVar, Decipher, PMID: 27479907). No functional studies performed.; to: Only 3 pathogenic missense reported to date in unrelated individuals (ClinVar, Decipher, PMID: 27479907). No functional studies performed. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.2769 | NDNF |
Zornitza Stark gene: NDNF was added gene: NDNF was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: NDNF was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: NDNF were set to 31883645 Phenotypes for gene: NDNF were set to Congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) Review for gene: NDNF was set to GREEN Added comment: Three heterozygous protein-truncating variants and one heterozygous missense variant identified in a cohort of 240 unrelated IHH patients. The authors also provided supporting evidence from animal models. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.2767 | UGDH |
Zornitza Stark gene: UGDH was added gene: UGDH was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: UGDH was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: UGDH were set to 32001716 Phenotypes for gene: UGDH were set to Epileptic encephalopathy, early infantile, 84 - MIM #618792 Review for gene: UGDH was set to GREEN Added comment: 36 individuals with biallelic UGDH pathogenic variants reported. The phenotype corresponded overall to a developmental epileptic encephalopathy with hypotonia, feeding difficulties, severe global DD, moderate or commonly severe ID in all. Hypotonia and motor disorder (incl. spasticity, dystonia, ataxia, chorea, etc) often occurred prior to the onset of seizures. A single individual did not present seizures and 2 sibs had only seizures in the setting of fever. There were no individuals with biallelic pLoF variants identified. Parental/sib studies were all compatible with AR inheritance mode. UGDH encodes the enzyme UDP-glucose dehydrogenase which converts UDP-glucose to UDP-glucuronate, the latter being a critical component of the glycosaminoglycans, hyaluronan, chondroitin sulfate, and heparan sulfate. Patient fibroblast and biochemical assays suggested a LoF effect of variants leading to impairment of UGDH stability, oligomerization or enzymatic activity (decreased UGDH-catalyzed reduction of NAD+ to NADH / hyaluronic acid production which requires UDP-glucuronate). Attempts to model the disorder using an already developped zebrafish model (for a hypomorphic LoF allele) were unsuccessful as fish did not exhibit seizures spontaneously or upon induction with PTZ. Modelling of the disorder in vitro using patient-derived cerebral organoids demonstrated smaller organoids due to reduced number of proliferating neural progenitors Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.2764 | YIF1B |
Zornitza Stark gene: YIF1B was added gene: YIF1B was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: YIF1B was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: YIF1B were set to 32006098; 26077767 Phenotypes for gene: YIF1B were set to Central hypotonia; Failure to thrive; Microcephaly; Global developmental delay; Intellectual disability; Seizures; Spasticity; Abnormality of movement Review for gene: YIF1B was set to GREEN Added comment: 6 individuals (from 5 families) with biallelic YIF1B truncating variants reported. Presenting features: hypotonia, failure to thrive, microcephaly (5/6), severe global DD and ID as well as features suggestive of a motor disorder (dystonia/spasticity/dyskinesia). Seizures were reported in 2 unrelated individuals (2/6). MRI abnormalities were observed in some with thin CC being a feature in 3. Affected individuals were found to be homozygous for truncating variants (4/5 families being consanguineous). The following 3 variants were identified (NM_001039672.2) : c.186dupT or p.Ala64fs / c.360_361insACAT or p.Gly121fs / c.598G>T or p.Glu200*. Yif1B KO mice demonstrate a disorganized Golgi architecture in pyramidal hippocampal neurons (Alterio et al 2015 - PMID: 26077767). Functional/network analysis of genes co-regulated with YIF1B based on available RNAseq data, suggest enrichement in in genes important for nervous system development and function. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.2759 | TNRC6B | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: TNRC6B: Added comment: 17 unrelated individuals with heterozygous TNRC6B variants reported. Features included hypotonia (10/17), DD/ID (17/17 - ID was not universal: average IQ of 12 individuals was 73 (range : 50-113) with 4 having below 70), ADHD (11/17), ASD or autistic traits (8/17 and 5/17). Some/few presented with abnormal OFC (micro- / macrocephaly in 3/17 and 2/17), abnormal vision or hearing, variable other congenital anomalies, echocardiographic, GI or renal abnormalities, etc. Epilepsy was reported in 1/17. There was no recognisable gestalt.Detected variants included 14 pLoF, 1 missense SNV and 2 intragenic deletions. Variants had occurred as de novo events in 10/13 subjects for whom testing of both parents was possible. 3/13 subjects had inherited the variant from a parent with milder phenotype. Based on the type of variants identified, the pLI score of 1 in gnomAD and the HI index of 5.61%, the authors suggest haploinsufficiency as the most likely mechanism. Individuals with de novo TNRC6B variants have also been reported in larger cohorts (e.g. DDD study - PMID: 28135719, Iossifov et al - PMID: 25363768, Lelieveld et al - PMID: 27479843, Jónsson et al - PMID: 28959963). A previous study provided details on 2 sibs harboring a translocation which disrupted both TNRC6B and TCF20 (also associated with ID)(Babbs et al - PMID: 25228304).; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed publications: 32152250, 28135719, 25363768, 27479843, 28959963, 25228304; Changed phenotypes: Global developmental delay, Intellectual disability, Autistic behavior; Changed mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.2742 | CFAP43 |
Elena Savva gene: CFAP43 was added gene: CFAP43 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: CFAP43 was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic (but BIALLELIC mutations cause a more SEVERE disease form), autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: CFAP43 were set to PMID: 31884020; 28552195; 31004071; 29449551 Phenotypes for gene: CFAP43 were set to Hydrocephalus, normal pressure, 1 236690; Spermatogenic failure 19 617592 Added comment: aka WDR96 PMID: 31884020 - animal models (mouse, frog) demonstrate the protein localizes in ciliary axoneme and is involved in MOTILE cilia movement. LOF CFAP43 caused mucus acucmulation in airways, impaired spermatogenesis and hydrocephalus. PMID: 28552195 - 3x chet (bilallelic PTCs or chet PTC/missense) with abnormal sperm motility. Null mouse models were also infertile. PMID: 31004071 - one family with a heterozygous nonsense and AD inheritance of late onset hydrocephaly (checked in Mutalyzer, variant is NMD predicted). Abnormal cilia observed from mucosa sample. Null mice also show abnormal sperm and dilation of brain ventricles. PMID: 29449551 - reports an additional 10 patients with either homozygous PTCs or chet PTC/missense who were infertile with flagella defects Summary: single report of AD hydrocephaly Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.2729 | CCDC28B | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: CCDC28B: Added comment: PMID: 32139166 - Single family with Joubert syndrome. Patient was homozygous for a missense, with polydactyly, severe ID, and the molar tooth sign observed in MRI. Sibling fetus MRI showed vermis hypoplasia, and was also homozygous for the variant. Parents confirmed unaffected carriers. Knockdown of CCDC28B in human TERT retinal pigment epithelial cells reduced both the number and length of cilia 430C-T variant is postulated to be a modifier of BBS.; Changed rating: AMBER; Changed publications: 32139166; Changed phenotypes: {Bardet-Biedl syndrome 1, modifier of}, MIM#209900, Joubert syndrome | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.2729 | C21orf59 | Zornitza Stark Added comment: Comment when marking as ready: p.Tyr245* recurrent in the Ashkenazi Jewish population | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.2723 | ARMC9 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: ARMC9: Added comment: ARMC9 localizes to the ciliary basal body and daughter centriole and is predicted to function in ciliogenesis PMID: 28625504 - 8 families with Joubert syndrome, all variant types detected. Functional studies show protein localizes at the basal body and upregulates during ciliogenesis. Zebrafish with frameshift mutation recapitulated the human phenotype including a curved body, coloboma, retinal dystrophy and less cilia.; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed publications: 28625504 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.2693 | ATP5A1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ATP5A1 were changed from to Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 22 616045; Mitochondrial complex V (ATP synthase) deficiency nuclear type 4, 615228 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.2689 | ATP5A1 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: ATP5A1: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 23599390; Phenotypes: Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 22 616045, Mitochondrial complex V (ATP synthase) deficiency nuclear type 4, 615228; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.2685 | TNK2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: TNK2 were changed from to late onset infantile epilepsy; Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.2681 | MAN2B2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: MAN2B2 was added gene: MAN2B2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: MAN2B2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: MAN2B2 were set to 31775018 Phenotypes for gene: MAN2B2 were set to Congenital disorder of glycosylation; immunodeficiency Review for gene: MAN2B2 was set to RED Added comment: Single individual reported. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.2680 | TNK2 | Elena Savva reviewed gene: TNK2: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID 27977884, 23686771, 31517310; Phenotypes: late onset infantile epilepsy, Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.2676 | PIK3CG |
Zornitza Stark gene: PIK3CG was added gene: PIK3CG was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: PIK3CG was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: PIK3CG were set to 32001535; 31554793 Phenotypes for gene: PIK3CG were set to Immune dysregulation; HLH-like; childhood-onset antibody defects; cytopenias; T lymphocytic pneumonitis and colitis Review for gene: PIK3CG was set to GREEN Added comment: Two individuals with complex immunological phenotypes reported and a mouse model. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.2659 | SNORA31 |
Zornitza Stark gene: SNORA31 was added gene: SNORA31 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: SNORA31 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: SNORA31 were set to 31806906 Phenotypes for gene: SNORA31 were set to Susceptibility to HSV1 encephalitis Review for gene: SNORA31 was set to GREEN Added comment: Five unrelated individuals reported with rare missense variants in this gene, functional data to support susceptibility to herpes simplex encephalitis. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.2649 | CTSA | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: CTSA were changed from to Galactosialidosis, MIM# 256540; Cathepsin A-related arteriopathy with strokes and leukoencephalopathy | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.2635 | CTSA | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: CTSA: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 31177426; Phenotypes: Galactosialidosis, MIM# 256540, Cathepsin A-related arteriopathy with strokes and leukoencephalopathy; Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.2634 | CDK19 |
Zornitza Stark gene: CDK19 was added gene: CDK19 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: CDK19 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: CDK19 were set to 32330417 Phenotypes for gene: CDK19 were set to Intellectual disability; epileptic encephalopathy Review for gene: CDK19 was set to GREEN Added comment: Three unrelated individuals with de novo missense variants reported, and intellectual disability/epileptic encephalopathy. Supportive functional data. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.2632 | MNS1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: MNS1 was added gene: MNS1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: MNS1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: MNS1 were set to 31534215; 30148830 Phenotypes for gene: MNS1 were set to Heterotaxy; male infertility Review for gene: MNS1 was set to GREEN Added comment: Eight families reported altogether, three LoF variants. Four Amish families share same homozygous founder variant, and some of the other reported families are consanguineous and share another founder variant. A reported female with a third variant, also had a homozygous variant in DNAH5 with a blended phenotype postulated. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.2625 | ALPK1 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Three unrelated families reported. One of the variants segregated in four affected individuals in one family and another was found to be de novo. The third variant however was not segregated, and is also present in 18 individuals in gnomad. Hence the evidence for variant pathogenicity in this third case is not compelling. Sources: Literature; to: Three unrelated families reported with PFAPA phenotype. One of the variants segregated in four affected individuals in one family and another was found to be de novo. The third variant however was not segregated, and is also present in 18 individuals in gnomad. Hence the evidence for variant pathogenicity in this third case is not compelling. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.2625 | ALPK1 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: ALPK1: Added comment: Six unrelated families reported with same recurrent missense variant c.710C>T, (p.Thr237Met) and ROSAH syndrome phenotype. Pancytopaenia and recurrent infections present in some.; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed publications: 31053777, 30967659, 31939038; Changed phenotypes: Periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis and adenitis (PFAPA) syndrome, ROSAH syndrome, retinal dystrophy, optic nerve edema, splenomegaly, anhidrosis, and migraine headache | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.2620 | GALM |
Hazel Phillimore gene: GALM was added gene: GALM was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: GALM was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: GALM were set to PMID: 30451973; 30910422 Phenotypes for gene: GALM were set to galactosaemia; type IV galactosaemia Review for gene: GALM was set to GREEN Added comment: Homozygous and compound heterozygous variants (missense, nonsense and frameshift) found in 8 Japanese patients from unrelated families with unexplained galactosaemia. (No variants in GALT, GALK1, and GALE). This is therefore type IV galactosaemia. In vitro expression analysis and enzyme activity assay of the patients’ peripheral blood mononuclear cells showed total lack of or compromised expression of GALM protein. Loss-of-function mechanism. One homozygote for one of these variants p.(Gly142Arg) in gnomAD (African population). (Wada, Y. et al 2019; PMID: 30451973) In vitro expression assay and an enzyme activity assay of 67 GALM variants, taken from ExAc database (missense, nonsense, frameshift and splice). 30 variants concluded to be pathogenic due to no protein expression or faint expression. 5 variants with mildly lower levels were determined as likely pathogenic. All concluded to be loss-of-function mechanism. Incidence of galactosaemia by GALM deficiency is comparable to that of other galactosaemias. Carrier frequency and incidence was estimated for different populations. (Iwasawa, S. et al. (2019); PMID: 30910422) Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.2620 | POLR3GL |
Paul De Fazio gene: POLR3GL was added gene: POLR3GL was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: POLR3GL was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: POLR3GL were set to 31089205; 31695177 Phenotypes for gene: POLR3GL were set to endosteal hyperostosis; oligodontia; growth retardation; facial dysmorphisms; lipodystrophy Review for gene: POLR3GL was set to AMBER gene: POLR3GL was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: Biallelic canonical splice variants were identified in monozygotic twins and another individual with similar phenotypes from 2 unrelated families. Variants were inherited from carrier parents. RNA studies confirmed exon skipping occurs in all affected individuals. A separate study identified a homozygous nonsense variant in an individual with features of Neonatal progeroid syndrome/Wiedemann–Rautenstrauch syndrome. Quantitative PCR showed reduction in mRNA suggestive of NMD. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.2620 | TSPEAR | Zornitza Stark Added comment: Comment when marking as ready: Association with isolated deafness is DISPUTED. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.2611 | TSPEAR | Chern Lim changed review comment from: Still a rare disease gene for ectodermal dysplasia but has been reported in at least 3 unrelated families. Functional study supported LoF. (PMIDs: 27736875, 30046887); to: Still a rare disease gene for ectodermal dysplasia but has been reported in at least 3 unrelated families in 2 papers. Functional study supported LoF. (PMIDs: 27736875, 30046887) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.2611 | PDGFRB |
Ee Ming Wong changed review comment from: - > 3 unrelated families - Functional studies on patient fibroblasts, HeLa and HEK293 cells harbouring mutant constructs demonstrate constitutive tyrosine kinase activation (gain of function) compared with WT constructs; to: - > 3 unrelated individuals diagnosed with Penttinen syndrome - Functional studies on patient fibroblasts, HeLa and HEK293 cells harbouring mutant constructs demonstrate constitutive tyrosine kinase activation (gain of function) compared with WT constructs |
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| Mendeliome v0.2607 | FOXF2 |
Hazel Phillimore changed review comment from: Homozygous missense, NM_001452.1: c.325A>T (p.I109F), in a 10 year old girl (consanguineous, parents were first cousins) with profound sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) associated with incomplete partition type I anomaly of the cochlea. This variant is absent in the gnomAD v2.1.1. In vitro studies indicated instability, shorter half-life of the protein compared to wildtype. Embryonic knockout mouse showed shortened and malformed cochleae, in addition to altered shape of hair cells with innervation and planar cell polarity defects. Homozygous knockout mice do not survive. (Bademci, G. et al. (2019); PMID: 30561639). This gene has also been reported in association with other anomalies including cleft lip, cleft palate, brain anomalies, intestine anomalies, and eye anomalies. Eye anomalies include anterior segment dysgenesis, as shown in mice with variant, W174R, affecting the Fox domain. Homozygote mice do not survive. (McKeone, R. et al. (2011); PMID: 22022403). Sources: Literature; to: Homozygous missense, NM_001452.1: c.325A>T (p.I109F), in a 10 year old girl (consanguineous, parents were first cousins) with profound sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) associated with incomplete partition type I anomaly of the cochlea. This variant is absent in the gnomAD v2.1.1. In vitro studies indicated instability, shorter half-life of the protein compared to wildtype. Embryonic knockout mouse showed shortened and malformed cochleae, in addition to altered shape of hair cells with innervation and planar cell polarity defects. Homozygous knockout mice do not survive. (Bademci, G. et al. (2019); PMID: 30561639). This gene has also been reported in association with other anomalies including cleft lip, cleft palate, brain anomalies, intestine anomalies, and eye anomalies. Eye anomalies include anterior segment dysgenesis, as shown in mice with variant, W174R, affecting the Fox domain. Homozygote mice do not survive. (McKeone, R. et al. (2011); PMID: 22022403). Previous names for FOXF2 include FKHL6 and FREAC2. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.2607 | FOXF2 |
Hazel Phillimore gene: FOXF2 was added gene: FOXF2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: FOXF2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: FOXF2 were set to PMID: 30561639; 22022403 Phenotypes for gene: FOXF2 were set to profound sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL); cochlea malformations; incomplete partition type I anomaly of the cochlea Review for gene: FOXF2 was set to AMBER Added comment: Homozygous missense, NM_001452.1: c.325A>T (p.I109F), in a 10 year old girl (consanguineous, parents were first cousins) with profound sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) associated with incomplete partition type I anomaly of the cochlea. This variant is absent in the gnomAD v2.1.1. In vitro studies indicated instability, shorter half-life of the protein compared to wildtype. Embryonic knockout mouse showed shortened and malformed cochleae, in addition to altered shape of hair cells with innervation and planar cell polarity defects. Homozygous knockout mice do not survive. (Bademci, G. et al. (2019); PMID: 30561639). This gene has also been reported in association with other anomalies including cleft lip, cleft palate, brain anomalies, intestine anomalies, and eye anomalies. Eye anomalies include anterior segment dysgenesis, as shown in mice with variant, W174R, affecting the Fox domain. Homozygote mice do not survive. (McKeone, R. et al. (2011); PMID: 22022403). Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.2583 | ALPK1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: ALPK1 was added gene: ALPK1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ALPK1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: ALPK1 were set to 31053777 Phenotypes for gene: ALPK1 were set to Periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis and adenitis (PFAPA) syndrome Review for gene: ALPK1 was set to AMBER Added comment: Three unrelated families reported. One of the variants segregated in four affected individuals in one family and another was found to be de novo. The third variant however was not segregated, and is also present in 18 individuals in gnomad. Hence the evidence for variant pathogenicity in this third case is not compelling. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.2581 | LRRC32 |
Zornitza Stark gene: LRRC32 was added gene: LRRC32 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: LRRC32 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: LRRC32 were set to 30976112 Phenotypes for gene: LRRC32 were set to Intellectual disability; cleft palate; proliferative retinopathy Review for gene: LRRC32 was set to AMBER Added comment: Three individuals from two consanguineous families segregated the same homozygous bi-allelic variant, c.1630C>T; p.(Arg544Ter), shared haplotype indicative of founder effect. Mouse model has cleft palate and neonatal death. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.2580 | KIF12 |
Ee Ming Wong gene: KIF12 was added gene: KIF12 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: KIF12 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: KIF12 were set to PMID: 30250217; 30976738 Phenotypes for gene: KIF12 were set to Prenatal cholestasis; High Gamma-Glutamyltransferase (GGT) Review for gene: KIF12 was set to AMBER gene: KIF12 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: > 3 unrelated families,but they are all consanguineous families Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.2579 | CSGALNACT1 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: CSGALNACT1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 31705726, 31325655; Phenotypes: Congenital disorder of glycosylation, skeletal dysplasia; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.2574 | IQCE |
Zornitza Stark gene: IQCE was added gene: IQCE was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: IQCE was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: IQCE were set to 31549751; 28488682 Phenotypes for gene: IQCE were set to Postaxial polydactyly Review for gene: IQCE was set to GREEN Added comment: Four families reported with bi-allelic variants in this gene. The c.895_904del (p.Val301Serfs*8) was found in three of the families without sharing a common haplotype, suggesting a recurrent mechanism. RNA expression analysis on patients’ fibroblasts showed that the dysfunction of IQCE leads to the dysregulation of genes associated with the hedgehog‐signaling pathway, and zebrafish experiments demonstrated a full spectrum of phenotypes linked to defective cilia: Body curvature, kidney cysts, left–right asymmetry, misdirected cilia in the pronephric duct, and retinal defects. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.2573 | NKX2-3 |
Zornitza Stark gene: NKX2-3 was added gene: NKX2-3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: NKX2-3 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: NKX2-3 were set to 31498527 Phenotypes for gene: NKX2-3 were set to Intestinal varicosities Review for gene: NKX2-3 was set to RED Added comment: Single multiplex family where truncating variant in this gene segregated with intestinal varicosities with a LOD score of 3.3. NKX2‐3 is a component of a molecular pathway underlying spleen and gut vasculature development in mice. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.2572 | RPSA | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: RPSA were changed from to Asplenia, isolated congenital 271400; Idiopathic intestinal varices | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.2569 | RPSA | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: RPSA: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 23579497, 31498527; Phenotypes: Asplenia, isolated congenital 271400, Idiopathic intestinal varices; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.2566 | CRAT |
Zornitza Stark gene: CRAT was added gene: CRAT was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: CRAT was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: CRAT were set to 29395073; 31448845 Phenotypes for gene: CRAT were set to Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation 8, MIM# 617917; Leigh syndrome Review for gene: CRAT was set to AMBER Added comment: Two unrelated families reported with bi-allelic variants, one with NBIA and one with Leigh syndrome phenotype. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.2556 | THG1L |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Five individuals from two Ashkenazi Jewish families with same homozygous missense variant, and another family ascertained through a large microcephaly cohort, also with SCA. Sources: Literature; to: Four Ashkenazi Jewish families with same homozygous missense variant, and another family ascertained through a large microcephaly cohort, also with SCA. A carrier rate of 0.8%, but no THG1L V55A homozygotes, was found in a cohort of 3,232 unrelated Ashkenazi Jewish individuals, and no homozygotes found in Exac or gnomAD. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.2551 | ZP2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: ZP2 was added gene: ZP2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ZP2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: ZP2 were set to 30810869; 29895852 Phenotypes for gene: ZP2 were set to Female infertility Review for gene: ZP2 was set to GREEN Added comment: Three unrelated individuals reported with bi-allelic variants in this gene and thin zona pellucida. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.2549 | GAD1 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: GAD1: Added comment: 2020: 11 individuals from 6 consanguineous families reported with bi-allelic LOF variant and a developmental/epileptic encephalopathy. Seizure onset occurred in the first 2 months of life in all. All 10 individuals, from whom early disease history was available, presented with seizure onset in the first month of life, mainly consisting of epileptic spasms or myoclonic seizures. Early EEG showed suppression-burst or pattern of burst attenuation or hypsarrhythmia if only recorded in the post-neonatal period. Eight individuals had joint contractures and/or pes equinovarus. Seven presented a cleft palate and two also had an omphalocele, reproducing the phenotype of the knockout Gad1−/− mouse model. Four individuals died before 4 years of age.; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed publications: 15571623, 32282878; Changed phenotypes: Cerebral palsy, spastic quadriplegic, 1, MIM#603513, Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.2548 | GALNT2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: GALNT2 was added gene: GALNT2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: GALNT2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: GALNT2 were set to 32293671 Phenotypes for gene: GALNT2 were set to Congenital disorder of glycosylation Review for gene: GALNT2 was set to GREEN Added comment: Seven individuals from four families reported with bi-allelic LOF variants and global developmental delay, intellectual disability with language deficit, autistic features, behavioural abnormalities, epilepsy, chronic insomnia, white matter changes on brain MRI, dysmorphic features, decreased stature, and decreased high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Rodent (mouse and rat) models of GALNT2-CDG recapitulated much of the human phenotype, including poor growth and neurodevelopmental abnormalities. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.2509 | ABCA4 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: ABCA4 were changed from to Cone-rod dystrophy 3, 604116; Fundus flavimaculatus, 248200; Retinal dystrophy, early-onset severe, 248200; Retinitis pigmentosa 19, 601718; Stargardt disease 1, 248200 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.2498 | POLR1B | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: POLR1B were changed from bilateral malar and mandibular hypoplasia; microtia; coloboma; downslanting palpebral fissures; conductive deafness; cleft palate; heart malformations to Treacher-Collins syndrome | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.2496 | POLR1B | Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Five unrelated families and a zebrafish model.; to: Five unrelated families and a zebrafish model. Note four of the families had missense variants affecting same residue, p.Arg1003 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.2496 | POLR1B | Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Six unrelated families and a zebrafish model.; to: Five unrelated families and a zebrafish model. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.2493 | C1orf194 | Zornitza Stark Added comment: Comment when marking as ready: Two unrelated families with missense variants, one with intermediate CMT, the other with demyelinating CMT. Different phenotypic manifestations may relate to different mechanism, but this remains to be fully elucidated. Supportive mouse model. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.2474 | MRPS14 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: MRPS14 were changed from Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 38, MIM# 618378 to Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 38, MIM# 618378; perinatal hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, growth retardation, muscle hypotonia, elevated lactate, dysmorphy and intellectual disability | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.2466 | SIGMAR1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: SIGMAR1 were changed from to Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 16, juvenile 614373; ?Spinal muscular atrophy, distal, autosomal recessive, 2 605726; distal hereditary motor neuropathy of Jerash type (HMNJ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.2458 | KLHL24 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: KLHL24 were changed from Epidermolysis bullosa simplex, generalized, with scarring and hair loss OMIM#617294; dilated cardiomyopathy to Epidermolysis bullosa simplex, generalized, with scarring and hair loss OMIM#617294; dilated cardiomyopathy; Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.2455 | FEM1B | Zornitza Stark Added comment: Comment when marking as ready: Agree cannot be confident these represent three unrelated families. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.2449 | SMCHD1 | Zornitza Stark Added comment: Comment when marking as ready: Note association with FSHD2 is postulated to have digenic inheritance, caused by the combination of a heterozygous mutation in the SMCHD1 gene (614982) on chromosome 18p and presence of a haplotype on chromosome 4 that is permissive for DUX4 (606009) expression. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.2440 | SLC6A6 |
Chern Lim gene: SLC6A6 was added gene: SLC6A6 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC6A6 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SLC6A6 were set to 31345061; 31903486; 29886034 Phenotypes for gene: SLC6A6 were set to Early retinal degeneration; cardiomyopathy Review for gene: SLC6A6 was set to AMBER Added comment: Different homozygous missense variants in 2 unrelated consanguineous families with early retinal degeneration, some functional studies. Patients in one of the families also had cardiomyopathy. (PMIDs: 31345061, 31903486) One dilated cardiomyopathy patient with a homozygous deletion at a splice site (PMID: 29886034). Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.2440 | CAP2 | Melanie Marty edited their review of gene: CAP2: Added comment: 2 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy from 1 consanguineous family. The splice variant identified in this family was proven to cause exon skipping and functional studies showed protein level was reduced. A Cap2 knockout mouse model correlated with the clinical phenotype of DCM and cardiac conduction disease, but not the other effects on growth, viability, wound healing and eye development.; Changed rating: RED | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.2440 | ATOH7 | Paul De Fazio changed review comment from: Segregates with disease in 3 consanguineous families from Pakistan/Turkey and one non-consanguineous family of Swiss origin. Functional effect was demonstrated in the latter family. The mouse homolog is required for retinal ganglion cell and optic nerve formation.; to: Segregates with disease in 3 consanguineous families from Pakistan/Turkey with global eye abnormalities, and one non-consanguineous family of Swiss origin with optic nerve hypoplasia. Functional effect was demonstrated in the latter family. The mouse homolog is required for retinal ganglion cell and optic nerve formation (in mice). | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.2440 | GFAP | Paul De Fazio changed review comment from: Many (>20) de novo individuals described with Alexander disease. Three forms of disease are described with decreasing severity: infant-onset, juveline-onset, and adult-onset. Later-onset cases are more phenotypically heterogeneous.; to: Many (>10) de novo individuals described with Alexander disease. Three forms of disease are described with decreasing severity: infant-onset, juveline-onset, and adult-onset. Later-onset cases are more phenotypically heterogeneous. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.2440 | GFAP | Paul De Fazio changed review comment from: Many (>10) de novo individuals described with Alexander disease. Three forms of disease are described with decreasing severity: infant-onset, juveline-onset, and adult-onset. Later-onset cases are more phenotypically heterogeneous.; to: Many (>20) de novo individuals described with Alexander disease. Three forms of disease are described with decreasing severity: infant-onset, juveline-onset, and adult-onset. Later-onset cases are more phenotypically heterogeneous. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.2440 | PKDCC |
Paul De Fazio changed review comment from: 2 ("apparently") unrelated individuals with homozygous LoF (1x nonsense, 1x canonical splice) variants reported. Their phenotype is similar to knockout mice. Sources: Literature; to: 2 apparently unrelated individuals with homozygous LoF (1x nonsense, 1x canonical splice) variants reported. Their phenotype is similar to knockout mice. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.2440 | CDKL5 | Teresa Zhao reviewed gene: CDKL5: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Epileptic encephalopathy, early infantile, 2, MIM 300672; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males); Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.2440 | REC114 |
Michelle Torres gene: REC114 was added gene: REC114 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: REC114 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: REC114 were set to 30388401; 31704776 Phenotypes for gene: REC114 were set to Female infertility Review for gene: REC114 was set to GREEN Added comment: Three variants reported are either within or flanking exon 4. - One hom patient (splice) had a miscarriage, 2 spontaneous complete hydatidiform moles, and 1 complete hydatidiform mole following intrauterine sperm injection (PMID: 30388401) - Two hom unrelated patients from consanguineous families with abnormal pronuclear formation during fertilisation and subsequent early embrionic arrest resulting in female infertility. Both variants (1 missense and 1 splice) were shown to result in LoF (PMID: 31704776) Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.2439 | POLR1B |
Paul De Fazio gene: POLR1B was added gene: POLR1B was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: POLR1B was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: POLR1B were set to 31649276 Phenotypes for gene: POLR1B were set to bilateral malar and mandibular hypoplasia; microtia; coloboma; downslanting palpebral fissures; conductive deafness; cleft palate; heart malformations Review for gene: POLR1B was set to AMBER gene: POLR1B was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: 6 individuals with Treacher-Collins syndrome described: 3 with de novo variants, one inherited from a mosaic father, and two inherited from affected mothers. Knockdown in zebrafish mimics the phenotype. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.2436 | WARS |
Naomi Baker gene: WARS was added gene: WARS was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: WARS was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: WARS were set to PMID: 28369220; 31321409; 31069783. Phenotypes for gene: WARS were set to Neuronopathy, distal hereditary motor, type IX (OMIM:617721); juvenile to adult onset (15-23 years); distal wasting; distal weakness; length-dependent motor axonal degeneration Review for gene: WARS was set to GREEN Added comment: 14 patients from five families were reported to have WARS-related neuropathy across three publications. Expression studies of mutant demonstrated decreased protein when compared to wild-type. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.2434 | CYLD | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: CYLD were changed from to Brooke-Spiegler syndrome, 605041; Cylindromatosis, familial, 132700; Trichoepithelioma, multiple familial, 1, 601606; Frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.2431 | PCDH19 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: PCDH19 were changed from to Epileptic encephalopathy, early infantile, 9 300088; PCDH19-related epilepsy (early seizure onset, generalised or focused seizures); cognitive impairment | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.2421 | PLOD3 | Alison Yeung Added comment: Comment when marking as ready: >3 unrelated families reported | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.2418 | TBX6 |
Alison Yeung Added comment: Comment when marking as ready: Biallelic variants associated with spondylocostal dysostosis in >3 unrelated individuals Mouse model recapitulates phenotype |
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| Mendeliome v0.2416 | ABCA4 | Kristin Rigbye reviewed gene: ABCA4: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 9054934, 30480703, 29847635, 29971439, 16103129, 30643219; Phenotypes: Cone-rod dystrophy 3, 604116, Fundus flavimaculatus, 248200, Retinal dystrophy, early-onset severe, 248200, Retinitis pigmentosa 19, 601718, Stargardt disease 1, 248200; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.2401 | CPSF1 |
Kristin Rigbye changed review comment from: 6 unrelated probands reported (3 nonsense, 1 frameshift, 1 splice, 1 missense) with variants all assumed to result in a loss of function. Variants were shown to be inherited from affected parents in 2 families. Gene-disease association was supported by knockdown of cpsf1 in zebrafish which caused abnormal ocular morphogenesis (30689892). Sources: Literature; to: 6 unrelated probands reported (3 nonsense, 1 frameshift, 1 splice, 1 missense) with variants all assumed to result in a loss of function. Variants were shown to be inherited from affected parents in 2 families. Gene-disease association was supported by knockdown of cpsf1 in zebrafish which caused abnormal ocular morphogenesis (PMID: 30689892). Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.2401 | CPSF1 |
Kristin Rigbye gene: CPSF1 was added gene: CPSF1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: CPSF1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: CPSF1 were set to 30689892 Phenotypes for gene: CPSF1 were set to Myopia 27, 618827; high myopia; early-onset high myopiaHigh myopia Review for gene: CPSF1 was set to GREEN Added comment: 6 unrelated probands reported (3 nonsense, 1 frameshift, 1 splice, 1 missense) with variants all assumed to result in a loss of function. Variants were shown to be inherited from affected parents in 2 families. Gene-disease association was supported by knockdown of cpsf1 in zebrafish which caused abnormal ocular morphogenesis (30689892). Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.2396 | NAA10 | Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: NAA10 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.2395 | WDR45 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: WDR45 were changed from to Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation 5 300894; Rett syndrome; Rett-like phenotypes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.2392 | SIGMAR1 | Michelle Torres reviewed gene: SIGMAR1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 31511340; Phenotypes: ?Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 16, juvenile 614373, ?Spinal muscular atrophy, distal, autosomal recessive, 2 605726, distal hereditary motor neuropathy of Jerash type (HMNJ); Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.2392 | SOD2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: SOD2 were changed from {Microvascular complications of diabetes 6} 612634 to {Microvascular complications of diabetes 6} 612634; Lethal neonatal dilated cardiomyopathy | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.2383 | SMCHD1 |
Teresa Zhao changed review comment from: Seven probands with FSHD reported to have LP/P variants, which all predicted to disrupt the structure and conformation of SMCHD1.; to: Seven probands with FSHD reported to have LP/P variants, which all predicted to disrupt the structure and conformation of SMCHD1. No particular geno-pheno correlation, but location of missense variants within the ATPase domain of MSCHD1 may contribute to the differences in phenotypic outcome (PMID: 31243061) |
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| Mendeliome v0.2383 | GFAP | Paul De Fazio changed review comment from: Many (>10) de novo individuals described with Alexander disease. Three forms of disease are described with decreasing severity: infant-onset, juveline-onset, and adult-onset. Later-onset cases are more phenotypically heterogeneous.; to: Many (>10) de novo individuals described with Alexander disease. Three forms of disease are described with decreasing severity: infant-onset, juveline-onset, and adult-onset. Later-onset cases are more phenotypically heterogeneous. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.2383 | GFAP | Paul De Fazio changed review comment from: Many (>10) de novo individuals described with Alexander disease. Three forms of disease are described with decreasing severity: infant-onset, juveline-onset, and adult-onset. Later-onset cases are more phenotypically heterogeneous.; to: Many (>10) de novo individuals described with Alexander disease. Three forms of disease are described with decreasing severity: infant-onset, juveline-onset, and adult-onset. Later-onset cases are more phenotypically heterogeneous. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.2378 | SEC31A |
Hazel Phillimore gene: SEC31A was added gene: SEC31A was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SEC31A was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SEC31A were set to PMID: 30464055 Phenotypes for gene: SEC31A were set to congenital neurodevelopmental syndrome; spastic paraplegia; multiple contractures; profound developmental delay; epilepsy; failure to thrive Review for gene: SEC31A was set to AMBER Added comment: Frameshift. c.2776_2777, TA duplication, causing predicted p.A927fs*61 truncation and predicted NMD in 2 affected siblings in consanguineous Bedouin family with severe congenital neurological syndrome with spastic paraplegia, multiple contractures, profound developmental delay and convulsions. Failure to thrive. Lethal by age 4 years. Also had hearing defect, bilateral congenital cataract, horizontal nystagmus, with flat retina and optic atrophy. Supporting functional assays from knockout drosophila. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.2377 | CDKL5 | Ain Roesley reviewed gene: CDKL5: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID: 27080038, 30842224; Phenotypes: Rett syndrome, Rett-like phenotypes, Epileptic encephalopathy; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.2377 | GSX2 |
Elena Savva gene: GSX2 was added gene: GSX2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: GSX2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: GSX2 were set to PMID: 31412107 Phenotypes for gene: GSX2 were set to Diencephalic-mesencephalic junction dysplasia syndrome 2 618646 Review for gene: GSX2 was set to GREEN Added comment: PMID: 31412107 - 2 unrelated patients with homozygous mutations (nonsense, missense). Functional analysis of the missense in transfected HeLa cells demonstrated protein mislocalization and protein expression. Downstream gene expression was also reduced by both mutations. Summary: GREEN - 2 patients and functional evidence Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.2376 | PKDCC |
Alison Yeung Added comment: Comment on list classification: Two unrelated consanguineous families reported with different homozygous variants Pre-existing mouse model has similar phenotype Needs more functional evidence or further reported families |
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| Mendeliome v0.2375 | SPEF2 |
Chern Lim gene: SPEF2 was added gene: SPEF2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SPEF2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SPEF2 were set to 31151990; 31278745; 31048344 Phenotypes for gene: SPEF2 were set to Spermatogenic failure 43, MIM#618751 Review for gene: SPEF2 was set to GREEN gene: SPEF2 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: More than 3 unrelated families reported, all PTVs or splice variant. Functional studies showed SPEF2 protein levels were reduced in patients’ spermatozoa. (PMIDs: 31151990, 31278745, 31048344). Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.2372 | CYLD | Kristin Rigbye reviewed gene: CYLD: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 10835629, 16307661, 12950348, 19807742; Phenotypes: Brooke-Spiegler syndrome, 605041, Cylindromatosis, familial, 132700, Trichoepithelioma, multiple familial, 1, 601606, Frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.2371 | PCDH19 | Ee Ming Wong reviewed gene: PCDH19: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID: 18469813, 30287595; Phenotypes: PCDH19-related epilepsy (early seizure onset, generalised or focused seizures), cognitive impairment; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.2365 | ADAMTS19 |
Crystle Lee changed review comment from: PMID: 31844321; Wünnemann 2020: 4 affected in 2 unrelated consanguineous families with non-syndromic heart valve disease. 1 family with an intragenic (exon 1-8) deletion and 1 nonsense variant. Carriers unaffected. Homozygous knockout mice for Adamts19 show aortic valve dysfunction, recapitulating aspects of the human phenotype Sources: Expert Review; to: Borderline amber/green PMID: 31844321; Wünnemann 2020: 4 affected in 2 unrelated consanguineous families with non-syndromic heart valve disease. 1 family with an intragenic (exon 1-8) deletion and 1 nonsense variant. Carriers unaffected. Homozygous knockout mice for Adamts19 show aortic valve dysfunction, recapitulating aspects of the human phenotype Sources: Expert Review |
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| Mendeliome v0.2365 | ADAMTS19 |
Crystle Lee changed review comment from: PMID: 31844321; Wünnemann 2020: 4 affected in unrelated 2 consanguineous family with non-syndromic heart valve disease. 1 family with an intragenic (exon 1-8) deletion and 1 nonsense variant. Homozygous knockout mice for Adamts19 show aortic valve dysfunction, recapitulating aspects of the human phenotype Sources: Expert Review; to: PMID: 31844321; Wünnemann 2020: 4 affected in 2 unrelated consanguineous families with non-syndromic heart valve disease. 1 family with an intragenic (exon 1-8) deletion and 1 nonsense variant. Carriers unaffected. Homozygous knockout mice for Adamts19 show aortic valve dysfunction, recapitulating aspects of the human phenotype Sources: Expert Review |
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| Mendeliome v0.2365 | FUS |
Elena Savva gene: FUS was added gene: FUS was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: FUS was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Publications for gene: FUS were set to PMID: 32281455; 20668259; 20385912 Phenotypes for gene: FUS were set to Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 6, with or without frontotemporal dementia 608030; Essential tremor, hereditary, 4 614782 Mode of pathogenicity for gene: FUS was set to Other Review for gene: FUS was set to GREEN Added comment: PMID: 32281455 - Reports a case of Pediatric Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Reviews and shows multiple other reports of ALS casued by FUS PMID: 20668259 - additional reports of ALS PMID: 20385912 - postulated that disruption of this region may disrupt subcellular distribution of FUS, in turn affecting transcription and RNA processing and conferring a toxic gain of function. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.2365 | ADAMTS19 |
Crystle Lee gene: ADAMTS19 was added gene: ADAMTS19 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: ADAMTS19 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: ADAMTS19 were set to 31844321 Phenotypes for gene: ADAMTS19 were set to Non-syndromic heart valve disease Review for gene: ADAMTS19 was set to GREEN Added comment: PMID: 31844321; Wünnemann 2020: 4 affected in unrelated 2 consanguineous family with non-syndromic heart valve disease. 1 family with an intragenic (exon 1-8) deletion and 1 nonsense variant. Homozygous knockout mice for Adamts19 show aortic valve dysfunction, recapitulating aspects of the human phenotype Sources: Expert Review |
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| Mendeliome v0.2365 | ELOVL1 | Hazel Phillimore changed review comment from: De novo in 2 unrelated patients. Decrease in ELOVL1 enzyme activity. The same 2 patients are in PMIDs: 30487246 and 29496980 but with different clinical findings. Deafness and optic atrophy are the additional features.; to: De novo missense (S165F) in 2 unrelated patients. Decrease in ELOVL1 enzyme activity. The same 2 patients are in PMIDs: 30487246 and 29496980 but with different clinical findings. Deafness and optic atrophy are the additional features. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.2365 | C9orf72 |
Elena Savva gene: C9orf72 was added gene: C9orf72 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: C9orf72 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Publications for gene: C9orf72 were set to PMID: 30120348; 23284068 Phenotypes for gene: C9orf72 were set to Frontotemporal dementia and/or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 105550 Review for gene: C9orf72 was set to AMBER Added comment: Possibly RED Caused by expansion of GGGGCC repeats, dont know if these qualify for mendeliome Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.2364 | CAP2 |
Melanie Marty gene: CAP2 was added gene: CAP2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: CAP2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: CAP2 were set to 30518548 Phenotypes for gene: CAP2 were set to Dilated cardiomyopathy Review for gene: CAP2 was set to AMBER Added comment: 2 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy from 1 consanguineous family. The splice variant identified in this family was proven to cause exon skipping and functional studies showed protein level was reduced. A Cap2 knockout mouse model correlated with the clinical phenotype of DCM and cardiac conduction disease, but not the other effects on growth, viability, wound healing and eye development. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.2364 | USP45 |
Alison Yeung Added comment: Comment on list classification: Two unrelated families Functional studies in animal model recapitulate retinal phenotype |
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| Mendeliome v0.2361 | NAA10 | Naomi Baker reviewed gene: NAA10: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID: 30842225.; Phenotypes: syndromic X-linked microphthalmia; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males); Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.2361 | SOD2 | Chern Lim reviewed gene: SOD2: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 31494578; Phenotypes: Lethal neonatal dilated cardiomyopathy; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.2361 | PKDCC |
Paul De Fazio gene: PKDCC was added gene: PKDCC was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: PKDCC was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: PKDCC were set to PMID:30478137; 19097194 Phenotypes for gene: PKDCC were set to Dysmorphism; shortening of extremities Review for gene: PKDCC was set to AMBER gene: PKDCC was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: 2 ("apparently") unrelated individuals with homozygous LoF (1x nonsense, 1x canonical splice) variants reported. Their phenotype is similar to knockout mice. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.2361 | USP45 |
Kristin Rigbye gene: USP45 was added gene: USP45 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: USP45 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: USP45 were set to 30573563 Phenotypes for gene: USP45 were set to Leber congenital amaurosis; retinal dystrophy Review for gene: USP45 was set to GREEN Added comment: 2 unrelated Chinese families reported with rare homozygous variants (one missense, one nonsense) and Leber congenital amaurosis. Animal knockout functional studies supported gene-disease association. PMID: 30573563 "By analysing WES data based on allele frequencies of in-house controls, population allele frequencies and in silico prediction tools, two rare homozygous mutations in USP45 were identified in two unrelated families. Immunohistochemistry of USP45 in the human and zebrafish retinal sections revealed enriched expression in the inner segments of photoreceptors. The knockdown of usp45 transcript in zebrafish led to abnormal retinal development with effects on photoreceptors, which could be successfully rescued by wild-type usp45 mRNA. Moreover, targeted knockout of Usp45 in mice caused abnormal electroretinography responses, similar to that seen in patients with LCA." Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.2360 | BAZ2B |
Zornitza Stark gene: BAZ2B was added gene: BAZ2B was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: BAZ2B was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: BAZ2B were set to 31999386; 28135719; 25363768 Phenotypes for gene: BAZ2B were set to Intellectual disability; autism Review for gene: BAZ2B was set to GREEN Added comment: Postulated as a candidate gene for ID/ASD by large-scale studies. Case series reports two individuals with small CNVs and and six with SNVs, mostly LoF type variants. Although the gene is generally intolerant of LoF, some LoF variants present in gnomad ?incomplete penetrance. Additional reported features were inconsistent Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.2352 | AGBL5 |
Zornitza Stark gene: AGBL5 was added gene: AGBL5 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: AGBL5 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: AGBL5 were set to 26720455; 26355662; 30925032 Phenotypes for gene: AGBL5 were set to Retinitis pigmentosa 75, MIM# 617023 Review for gene: AGBL5 was set to GREEN Added comment: At least three unrelated families reported. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.2350 | CPT1C |
Bryony Thompson gene: CPT1C was added gene: CPT1C was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: CPT1C was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: CPT1C were set to 25751282; 23973755 Phenotypes for gene: CPT1C were set to Spastic paraplegia 73, autosomal dominant MIM#616282 Review for gene: CPT1C was set to GREEN Added comment: Two unrelated families dominant HSP and a supportive mouse model. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.2313 | MED13L | Zornitza Stark Added comment: Comment when marking as ready: The evidence for isolated CHD much less compelling than the association with a neurodevelopmental syndrome. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.2289 | ACOX2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: ACOX2 was added gene: ACOX2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: ACOX2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: ACOX2 were set to 27647924; 27884763 Phenotypes for gene: ACOX2 were set to Bile acid synthesis defect, congenital, 6, 617308 Review for gene: ACOX2 was set to AMBER Added comment: Two unrelated families reported. Sources: Expert Review |
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| Mendeliome v0.2287 | LARS |
Zornitza Stark gene: LARS was added gene: LARS was added to Mendeliome. Sources: NHS GMS Mode of inheritance for gene: LARS was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: LARS were set to 28774368; 30349989; 22607940 Phenotypes for gene: LARS were set to Infantile liver failure syndrome 1, MIM# 615438 Review for gene: LARS was set to GREEN gene: LARS was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: Six unrelated families reported in the literature, reviewed in PMID: 30349989. Sources: NHS GMS |
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| Mendeliome v0.2281 | SIPA1L3 |
Bryony Thompson gene: SIPA1L3 was added gene: SIPA1L3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: SIPA1L3 was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SIPA1L3 were set to 28951961; 27993984; 25804400 Phenotypes for gene: SIPA1L3 were set to Cataract 45 MIM#616851 Review for gene: SIPA1L3 was set to AMBER Added comment: A consanguineous German family segregating a homozygous nonsense mutation in two sisters with congenital cataracts (PMID: 25804400). Null Zebrafish, Xenopus and mouse models recapitulate the human cataract phenotype. A case with congenital cataracts as a feature of their condition harboured a de novo balanced chromosomal translocation, 46,XY,t(2;19)(q37.3;q13.1), where breakpoint mapping and sequencing showed a physical disruption of the 5′UTR of SIPA1L3 (PMID: 26231217). In a case with bilateral congenital cataracts a heterozygous missense (D148Y) was identified and in vitro functional assays of the variant resulted in abnormal actin morphology (PMID: 26231217). Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.2280 | KCNJ11 |
Elena Savva edited their review of gene: KCNJ11: Added comment: Congenital hyperinsulinism (HI) variants are generally reported in heterozygous patients where they also carry a somatic 2nd hit, or have isodisomy of the paternal allele (focal HI), or in bilallelic patients (diffuse HI). This condition can be dominant (but rarely), where patients with these missense are diazoxide-responsive. Patients with recessively inherited variants are diazoxide-unresponsive (OMIM, PMID:11395395, PMID: 23275527, PMID: 23345197). Genotype-phenotype correlation: Permanent neonatal diabetes – GOF (OMIM) Permanent neonatal diabetes + other features – GOF (OMIM) Congenital hyperinsulinism – LOF (PMID:18250167). PTCs - LOF Missense - Loss and gain of function LOF – cause reduce channel expression, channel activity and increase current decay (PMID:18250167) GOF - impair ATP-based sensitivity, more open state channel (OMIM) Mutations generally occur on the paternal allele (PMID: 23345197).; Changed publications: PMID:18250167, 11395395, 23275527, 23345197 |
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| Mendeliome v0.2279 | SLC18A2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: SLC18A2 was added gene: SLC18A2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC18A2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SLC18A2 were set to 23363473; 31240161; 26497564 Phenotypes for gene: SLC18A2 were set to Parkinsonism-dystonia, infantile, 2, MIM# 618049 Review for gene: SLC18A2 was set to GREEN Added comment: At least three unrelated families reported, potential treatment implications Sources: Expert Review |
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| Mendeliome v0.2262 | MARS2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: MARS2 were changed from to Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 25, OMIM #616430; Spastic ataxia 3, autosomal recessive, OMIM #611390 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.2259 | MARS2 | Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: 1 family with 2 sibs with combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency-25 (with ID) with compound heterozygous mutations in the MARS2 gene. Patient fibroblasts showed decreased activities of mitochondrial complexes I and IV, consistent with a mitochondrial translation defect. Immunoblot analysis showed reduced MARS2 protein levels as well as reduced levels of selected subunits of complexes I and IV.; to: 1 family with 2 sibs with combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency-25 (with ID) with compound heterozygous mutations in the MARS2 gene. Patient fibroblasts showed decreased activities of mitochondrial complexes I and IV, consistent with a mitochondrial translation defect. Immunoblot analysis showed reduced MARS2 protein levels as well as reduced levels of selected subunits of complexes I and IV. Spastic ataxia association: note complex chromosomal rearrangements rather than SNVs reported in group of 54 French Canadians. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.2253 | NEBL | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: NEBL were changed from to Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; dilated cardiomyopathy | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.2246 | PAX1 | Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Note recent report of 6 individuals from three unrelated families with prominent immunological phenotype.; to: Note additional recent report of 6 individuals from three unrelated families with prominent immunological phenotype. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.2211 | QRSL1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: QRSL1 were changed from to Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.2208 | QRSL1 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: QRSL1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 26741492, 29440775, 30283131, 30642647; Phenotypes: Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 40; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.2208 | PPCS | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: PPCS were changed from to Cardiomyopathy, dilated, 2C, MIM# 618189 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.2204 | PPCS | Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Five individuals from two unrelated families reported with missense variants. Functional studies in yeast to demonstrate impact of the variants on protein but not aimed at establishing gene-disease causation.; to: Five individuals from two unrelated families reported with missense variants. Functional studies in yeast to demonstrate impact of the variants on protein and cardiac dysfunction observed in Drosophila model. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.2204 | PPCS | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: PPCS: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 29754768; Phenotypes: Cardiomyopathy, dilated, 2C, MIM# 618189; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.2204 | PET117 |
Zornitza Stark gene: PET117 was added gene: PET117 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: PET117 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: PET117 were set to 28386624 Phenotypes for gene: PET117 were set to Developmental delay; Regression; Complex IV deficiency Review for gene: PET117 was set to RED Added comment: Two siblings reported, some functional data. PET117 postulated to be a Complex IV assembly factor. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.2203 | NUP188 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: NUP188 were changed from microcephaly; ID; cataract to microcephaly; ID; cataract; structural brain abnormalities; hypoventilation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.2200 | NUP188 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: NUP188: Added comment: Additional 6 unrelated individuals with bi-allelic LoF variants reported, promoted to Green.; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed publications: 32021605, 28726809, 32275884; Changed phenotypes: microcephaly, ID, cataract, structural brain abnormalities, hypoventilation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.2170 | COX5A |
Zornitza Stark gene: COX5A was added gene: COX5A was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: COX5A was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: COX5A were set to 2824752 Phenotypes for gene: COX5A were set to pulmonary arterial hypertension; lactic acidemia; failure to thrive; isolated complex IV deficiency Review for gene: COX5A was set to RED Added comment: Single family reported. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.2044 | MIR140 |
Zornitza Stark gene: MIR140 was added gene: MIR140 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: MIR140 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: MIR140 were set to 30804514; 31633310 Phenotypes for gene: MIR140 were set to Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, Nishimura type, MIM# 618618 Review for gene: MIR140 was set to GREEN Added comment: Single clinical paper (30804514) reports variant in affected mother and child (de novo in mother) and in a separate unrelated female (de novo) with spondylo-epiphyseal dysplasia. Mouse model (21576357) deletion of gene causes impaired longitudinal bone growth. Separate mouse model studies by same authors as clinical paper above (30804514) showed phenotype of mice with same mutation in this gene consistent with the skeletal dysplasia features of patients with the n.24A-G mutation, suggestive of neomorphic effects (mutation produces both loss-of-function and gain-of-function effects.) Sources: Expert Review |
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| Mendeliome v0.2013 | IL6ST |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Also known as gp130. Two families with bi-allelic missense variants and immunological phenotype described initially. More recently, five individuals from three families reported with a more complex Stuve-Wiedemann-like phenotype reported, including skeletal dysplasia and neonatal lung dysfunction with additional features such as congenital thrombocytopenia, eczematoid dermatitis, renal abnormalities, and defective acute-phase response. These three families had bi-allelic LoF variants (nonsense and canonical splice site). Several mouse models support gene-disease association. Sources: Expert list; to: Also known as gp130. Two families with bi-allelic missense variants and immunological phenotype described initially. More recently, five individuals from three families reported with a more complex Stuve-Wiedemann-like phenotype reported, including skeletal dysplasia and neonatal lung dysfunction with additional features such as congenital thrombocytopenia, eczematoid dermatitis, renal abnormalities, and defective acute-phase response. These three families had bi-allelic LoF variants (nonsense and canonical splice site). Several mouse models support gene-disease association. 2020: 12 individuals from 8 unrelated families with seven different mono-allelic truncating variants, dominant negative effect proposed. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.1999 | HAVCR2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: HAVCR2 was added gene: HAVCR2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: HAVCR2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: HAVCR2 were set to 30374066; 30792187 Phenotypes for gene: HAVCR2 were set to T-cell lymphoma, subcutaneous panniculitis-like, MIM# 618398 Review for gene: HAVCR2 was set to GREEN Added comment: Over 20 unrelated individuals reported, note germline confirmation in only a few. Some variants are recurrent: c.245A>G (p.Tyr82Cys) and c.291A>G (p.Ile97Met). Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.1997 | TRIM22 |
Zornitza Stark gene: TRIM22 was added gene: TRIM22 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: TRIM22 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: TRIM22 were set to 26836588 Phenotypes for gene: TRIM22 were set to Inflammatory bowel disease Review for gene: TRIM22 was set to GREEN Added comment: Three unrelated families reported with bi-allelic variants in this gene, and very early onset IBD, some functional data. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.1995 | ALPI |
Zornitza Stark gene: ALPI was added gene: ALPI was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: ALPI was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: ALPI were set to 29567797 Phenotypes for gene: ALPI were set to Inflammatory bowel disease Review for gene: ALPI was set to AMBER Added comment: Two unrelated individuals, some functional data. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.1990 | POLA1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: POLA1 were changed from to Pigmentary disorder, reticulate, with systemic manifestations, X-linked, MIM# 301220; Van Esch-O'Driscoll syndrome OMIM# 301030 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.1987 | POLA1 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: POLA1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 27019227, 31006512; Phenotypes: Pigmentary disorder, reticulate, with systemic manifestations, X-linked, MIM# 301220, Van Esch-O'Driscoll syndrome OMIM# 301030; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.1985 | DBR1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: DBR1 was added gene: DBR1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: DBR1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: DBR1 were set to 29474921 Phenotypes for gene: DBR1 were set to Viral infections of the brainstem Review for gene: DBR1 was set to GREEN Added comment: Seven individuals from three unrelated families with viral brainstem encephalitis and bi-allelic hypomorphic variants. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.1974 | IFNAR1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: IFNAR1 was added gene: IFNAR1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: IFNAR1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: IFNAR1 were set to 31270247 Phenotypes for gene: IFNAR1 were set to Severe disease caused by Yellow Fever vaccine and Measles vaccine Review for gene: IFNAR1 was set to AMBER Added comment: Two unrelated individuals reported with bi-allelic LoF variants, some functional data. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.1965 | JAK1 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Single family reported (mother and two children) with GoF variant. Sources: Expert list; to: Single family reported (mother and two children) with GoF variant and immune dysregulation phenotype. Another individual reported with bi-allelic LoF and susceptibility to mycobacterial infections. Mouse model with NK defect. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.1964 | SPPL2A |
Zornitza Stark gene: SPPL2A was added gene: SPPL2A was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: SPPL2A was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SPPL2A were set to 30127434 Phenotypes for gene: SPPL2A were set to Susceptibility to mycobacteria and Salmonella Review for gene: SPPL2A was set to AMBER Added comment: Three individuals from two unrelated consanguineous family with two different homozygous splice site variants, functional data. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.1955 | MKL1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: MKL1 was added gene: MKL1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: MKL1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: MKL1 were set to 32128589; 26224645 Phenotypes for gene: MKL1 were set to Neutropaenia with combined immune deficiency Review for gene: MKL1 was set to AMBER Added comment: Two unrelated families reported. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.1952 | SMARCD2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: SMARCD2 was added gene: SMARCD2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: SMARCD2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SMARCD2 were set to 28369036; 28369034 Phenotypes for gene: SMARCD2 were set to Specific granule deficiency 2, MIM# 617475; Neutropaenia; Neurodevelopmental abnormalities in some; Myelodysplasia Review for gene: SMARCD2 was set to GREEN Added comment: Three unrelated families and functional data. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.1950 | TNFRSF9 |
Zornitza Stark gene: TNFRSF9 was added gene: TNFRSF9 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: TNFRSF9 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: TNFRSF9 were set to 30872117; 31501153 Phenotypes for gene: TNFRSF9 were set to EBV lymphoproliferation; B-cell lymphoma; Chronic active EBV infection Review for gene: TNFRSF9 was set to GREEN Added comment: Six unrelated individuals, two with same homozygous G109S missense variant, functional data. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.1933 | TOP2B |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Association with deafness: One multigenerational family where variant in this gene segregated; two additional variants identified in a cohort; supportive animal model data. Association with immunological phenotypes: Four individuals from three unrelated families reported, all the variants affected the TOPRIM domain, functional data including mouse model. Sources: Literature; to: Association with deafness: One multigenerational family where variant in this gene segregated; two additional variants identified in a cohort; supportive animal model data. Association with immunological phenotypes: Four individuals from three unrelated families reported, all the variants affected the TOPRIM domain, functional data including mouse model. Intellectual disability: two unrelated individuals reported with same de novo variant, c.187C > T, p.(His63Tyr) and also supportive mouse model data. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.1932 | TOP2B |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: One multigenerational family where variant in this gene segregated; two additional variants identified in a cohort; supportive animal model data. Sources: Literature; to: Association with deafness: One multigenerational family where variant in this gene segregated; two additional variants identified in a cohort; supportive animal model data. Association with immunological phenotypes: Four individuals from three unrelated families reported, all the variants affected the TOPRIM domain, functional data including mouse model. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.1931 | SLC39A7 |
Zornitza Stark gene: SLC39A7 was added gene: SLC39A7 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC39A7 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SLC39A7 were set to 30718914 Phenotypes for gene: SLC39A7 were set to Antibody deficiency; early onset infections; blistering dermatosis; failure to thrive; thrombocytopaenia Review for gene: SLC39A7 was set to GREEN Added comment: Five unrelated families with hypomorphic variants and a mouse model recapitulating phenotype. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.1929 | NFE2L2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: NFE2L2 was added gene: NFE2L2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: NFE2L2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: NFE2L2 were set to 29018201 Phenotypes for gene: NFE2L2 were set to Immunodeficiency, developmental delay, and hypohomocysteinemia, MIM# 617744; Recurrent respiratory and skin infection; Growth retardation; Developmental delay, borderline ID; White matter cerebral lesions Review for gene: NFE2L2 was set to GREEN Added comment: Four unrelated individuals reported. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.1927 | ERBIN |
Zornitza Stark gene: ERBIN was added gene: ERBIN was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: ERBIN was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: ERBIN were set to 28126831 Phenotypes for gene: ERBIN were set to Recurrent respiratory infections; Susceptibility to S.aureus; Eczema; Hyperextensible joints; Scoliosis; Arterial dilatation in some Review for gene: ERBIN was set to AMBER Added comment: Single family and functional data. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.1922 | IL6R | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: IL6R were changed from to Recurrent pyogenic infections, cold abscesses; High circulating IL-6 levels; High IgE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.1918 | IL6R | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: IL6R: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 31235509; Phenotypes: Recurrent pyogenic infections, cold abscesses, High circulating IL-6 levels, High IgE; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.1914 | FCHO1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: FCHO1 was added gene: FCHO1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: FCHO1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: FCHO1 were set to 32098969; 30822429 Phenotypes for gene: FCHO1 were set to Combined immunodeficiency; T cells: low, poor proliferation; B cells: normal number; Recurrent infections (viral, mycobacteria, bacterial, fungal); lymphoproliferation; Failure to thrive; Increased activation-induced T-cell death; Defective clathrin-mediated endocytosis Review for gene: FCHO1 was set to GREEN Added comment: More than 10 affected individuals with bi-allelic variants in this gene reported. Functional data. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.1901 | NSMCE2 | Tiong Tan Added comment: Comment on list classification: Two unrelated women with good functional evidence; but no additional cases since 2014 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.1900 | NSMCE2 |
Tiong Tan gene: NSMCE2 was added gene: NSMCE2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: NSMCE2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: NSMCE2 were set to 25105364 Phenotypes for gene: NSMCE2 were set to SECKEL SYNDROME 10 Penetrance for gene: NSMCE2 were set to Complete Review for gene: NSMCE2 was set to AMBER Added comment: Biallelic hypomorphic variants in two unrelated women with microcephalic primordial dwarfism, insulin-resistant diabetes, fatty liver, and hypertriglyceridemia developing in childhood; and primary gonadal failure. Good quality functional evidence. No additional confirmatory cases since 2014 publication Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.1898 | PLEKHA5 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: PLEKHA5: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 29805042; Phenotypes: cleft lip, cleft palate; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.1896 | PLEKHA5 |
Tiong Tan gene: PLEKHA5 was added gene: PLEKHA5 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: PLEKHA5 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: PLEKHA5 were set to 29805042 Phenotypes for gene: PLEKHA5 were set to cleft lip; cleft palate Penetrance for gene: PLEKHA5 were set to Complete Review for gene: PLEKHA5 was set to GREEN Added comment: Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.1890 | NEK10 |
Zornitza Stark gene: NEK10 was added gene: NEK10 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: NHS GMS Mode of inheritance for gene: NEK10 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: NEK10 were set to 31959991 Phenotypes for gene: NEK10 were set to Primary ciliary dyskinesia; bronchiectasis Review for gene: NEK10 was set to GREEN Added comment: Nine individuals from 5 unrelated families, some functional data. Sources: NHS GMS |
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| Mendeliome v0.1888 | PIGK |
Zornitza Stark gene: PIGK was added gene: PIGK was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: PIGK was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: PIGK were set to 32220290 Phenotypes for gene: PIGK were set to Intellectual disability; seizures; cerebellar atrophy Review for gene: PIGK was set to GREEN Added comment: 12 individuals from 9 unrelated families reported. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.1886 | ADARB1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: ADARB1 was added gene: ADARB1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ADARB1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: ADARB1 were set to 32220291 Phenotypes for gene: ADARB1 were set to Intellectual disability; microcephaly; seizures Review for gene: ADARB1 was set to GREEN Added comment: Four unrelated individuals with bi-allelic variants in this gene. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.1876 | DRP2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: DRP2 was added gene: DRP2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: DRP2 was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females Publications for gene: DRP2 were set to 26227883; 11430802; 31217940; 22764250; 29473052 Phenotypes for gene: DRP2 were set to Charcot Marie Tooth, intermediate X-linked; HMSN Review for gene: DRP2 was set to GREEN Added comment: Three unrelated families, functional data. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.1872 | ERLIN1 |
Bryony Thompson gene: ERLIN1 was added gene: ERLIN1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: ERLIN1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: ERLIN1 were set to 24482476 Phenotypes for gene: ERLIN1 were set to Spastic paraplegia 62 MIM#615681 Review for gene: ERLIN1 was set to GREEN Added comment: Three unrelated consanguineous families with early onset pure HSP. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.1857 | CHD3 | Zornitza Stark Added comment: Comment when marking as ready: Over 30 unrelated individuals reported. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.1842 | PQBP1 | Elena Savva reviewed gene: PQBP1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: Other; Publications: PMID:31840929, 14634649, 20410308; Phenotypes: Renpenning syndrome; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males); Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.1815 | PTCD3 |
Zornitza Stark gene: PTCD3 was added gene: PTCD3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: NHS GMS Mode of inheritance for gene: PTCD3 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: PTCD3 were set to 30607703; 19427859 Phenotypes for gene: PTCD3 were set to Intellectual disability; optic atrophy; Leigh-like syndrome Review for gene: PTCD3 was set to AMBER Added comment: One compound heterozygote case and functional assays. Essential subunit of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes. Sources: NHS GMS |
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| Mendeliome v0.1809 | OXA1L |
Zornitza Stark gene: OXA1L was added gene: OXA1L was added to Mendeliome. Sources: NHS GMS Mode of inheritance for gene: OXA1L was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: OXA1L were set to 30201738; 16435202 Phenotypes for gene: OXA1L were set to Encephalopathy; hypotonia; developmental delay Review for gene: OXA1L was set to AMBER Added comment: Single family reported with biochemical and molecular analyses of patient skeletal muscle and fibroblasts. In vitro functional assays in human cell lines, Drosophila model, and yeast-based assays. Loss of function affects oxidative phosphorylation complexes IV and V. Sources: NHS GMS |
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| Mendeliome v0.1807 | NSUN3 |
Zornitza Stark gene: NSUN3 was added gene: NSUN3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: NHS GMS Mode of inheritance for gene: NSUN3 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: NSUN3 were set to 27356879 Phenotypes for gene: NSUN3 were set to combined mitochondrial respiratory chain complex deficiency Review for gene: NSUN3 was set to AMBER Added comment: A single compound heterozygous case. Patient-derived fibroblasts exhibited severe defects in mitochondrial translation that can be rescued by exogenous expression of NSun3. In vitro functional assays also conducted. Sources: NHS GMS |
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| Mendeliome v0.1802 | MRPS14 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: MRPS14: Changed rating: AMBER; Changed phenotypes: Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 38, MIM# 618378 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.1798 | IDH3A |
Zornitza Stark gene: IDH3A was added gene: IDH3A was added to Mendeliome. Sources: NHS GMS Mode of inheritance for gene: IDH3A was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: IDH3A were set to 31012789; 30478029; 30058936; 28412069 Phenotypes for gene: IDH3A were set to Retinitis pigmentosa Review for gene: IDH3A was set to GREEN Added comment: Six unrelated families reported with retinitis pigmentosa. Mouse model. Sources: NHS GMS |
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| Mendeliome v0.1781 | TFAM |
Zornitza Stark gene: TFAM was added gene: TFAM was added to Mendeliome. Sources: NHS GMS Mode of inheritance for gene: TFAM was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: TFAM were set to 27448789; 29021295; 9500544 Phenotypes for gene: TFAM were set to Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome 15 (hepatocerebral type) MIM#617156 Review for gene: TFAM was set to AMBER Added comment: One consanguineous family segregates a homozygous variant. Tfam knockout mouse has a mitochondrial cardiomyopathy phenotype and severe mtDNA depletion with abolished oxidative phosphorylation. Sources: NHS GMS |
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| Mendeliome v0.1777 | TIMMDC1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: TIMMDC1 was added gene: TIMMDC1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: NHS GMS Mode of inheritance for gene: TIMMDC1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: TIMMDC1 were set to 28604674; 30981218 Phenotypes for gene: TIMMDC1 were set to Mitochondrial complex I deficiency, nuclear type 31 MIM#618251 Review for gene: TIMMDC1 was set to AMBER Added comment: A deep intronic variant (c.597-1340A>G, only detectable by WGS) that causes a splicing aberration was identified in a homozygous state in 3 unrelated cases from different ethnic backgrounds. A patient with Leigh-like syndrome had a homozygous stopgain variant in PDHX and a homozygous stopgain variant in TIMMDC1 (p.Arg225*). The TIMMDC1 mutant protein could still rescue complex I assembly in TIMMDC1 knockout cells and the patient’s clinical phenotype was not clearly distinct from that of other patients with the same PDHX defect. Sources: NHS GMS |
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| Mendeliome v0.1771 | COX6A2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: COX6A2 was added gene: COX6A2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: COX6A2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: COX6A2 were set to 31155743; 23460811 Phenotypes for gene: COX6A2 were set to Mitochondrial complex IV deficiency, MIM# 220110 Review for gene: COX6A2 was set to GREEN Added comment: Two unrelated families and two mouse models. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.1766 | ANXA11 |
Bryony Thompson gene: ANXA11 was added gene: ANXA11 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: ANXA11 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: ANXA11 were set to 28469040; 29845112; 30109997 Phenotypes for gene: ANXA11 were set to Amytrophic lateral sclerosis 23 MIM#617839 Review for gene: ANXA11 was set to GREEN Added comment: 4 different missense variants in 10 patients from 7 unrelated families with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and functional assays supporting association. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.1753 | TXN2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: TXN2 were changed from to Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 29, MIM# 616811 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.1749 | TXN2 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: TXN2: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 26626369, 12529397; Phenotypes: Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 29, MIM# 616811; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.1749 | TARS2 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: TARS2 were changed from to Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 21, MIM# 615918 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.1745 | TARS2 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: TARS2: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 24827421, 26811336; Phenotypes: Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 21, MIM# 615918; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.1744 | SLC25A32 |
Zornitza Stark gene: SLC25A32 was added gene: SLC25A32 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC25A32 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SLC25A32 were set to 26933868; 28443623 Phenotypes for gene: SLC25A32 were set to Exercise intolerance, riboflavin-responsive, MIM# 616839 Review for gene: SLC25A32 was set to GREEN Added comment: Two unrelated families reported with functional data. Muscle biopsy showed ragged-red fibers and lipid storage mainly in type I oxidative fibers, small type II fibers, and poor immunostaining for succinate dehydrogenase (FAD-dependent mitochondrial respiratory chain complex II). Oral supplementation with riboflavin led to dramatic improvement in the clinical and biologic abnormalities. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.1725 | ISCA1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: ISCA1 was added gene: ISCA1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: ISCA1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: ISCA1 were set to 28356563; 32092383; 31016283; 30113620; 30105122 Phenotypes for gene: ISCA1 were set to Multiple mitochondrial dysfunctions syndrome 5, MIM# 617613 Review for gene: ISCA1 was set to GREEN gene: ISCA1 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: Multiple unrelated families reported. Severe disorder characterised by progressive neurologic deterioration beginning in early infancy. Affected individuals have essentially no psychomotor development and have early-onset seizures with neurologic decline and spasticity. Brain imaging shows severe leukodystrophy with evidence of dys- or delayed myelination. Rat model results in early lethality. Founder variant c.259G > A, p.(Glu87Lys) reported in Indian families. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.1706 | SEMA6B |
Zornitza Stark gene: SEMA6B was added gene: SEMA6B was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SEMA6B was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: SEMA6B were set to 32169168 Phenotypes for gene: SEMA6B were set to Progressive myoclonic epilepsy Mode of pathogenicity for gene: SEMA6B was set to Other Review for gene: SEMA6B was set to GREEN Added comment: Five individuals from unrelated families reported with de novo variants in the last exon, escaping NMD. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.1699 | TNNI3K |
Zornitza Stark gene: TNNI3K was added gene: TNNI3K was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: TNNI3K was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: TNNI3K were set to 30010057; 29355681 Phenotypes for gene: TNNI3K were set to Cardiac conduction disease with or without dilated cardiomyopathy, MIM# 616117 Review for gene: TNNI3K was set to GREEN gene: TNNI3K was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: At least 6 multigenerational families reported where variants segregated with disease. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.1690 | SUPT16H |
Zornitza Stark gene: SUPT16H was added gene: SUPT16H was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SUPT16H was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: SUPT16H were set to 31924697 Phenotypes for gene: SUPT16H were set to Intellectual disability; Abnormality of the corpus callosum Review for gene: SUPT16H was set to GREEN Added comment: Four unrelated individuals with de novo missense variants in this gene. Publication also reports on a deletion, but note this includes other genes and the individual also had another CNV. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.1684 | TNR |
Zornitza Stark gene: TNR was added gene: TNR was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: TNR was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: TNR were set to 32099069 Phenotypes for gene: TNR were set to Spastic para- or tetraparesis; Axial muscular hypotonia; Intellectual disability; Transient opisthotonus Review for gene: TNR was set to GREEN Added comment: 13 individuals from 8 unrelated families reported. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.1634 | NKAP |
Zornitza Stark gene: NKAP was added gene: NKAP was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: NKAP was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: NKAP were set to 26358559; 26350204; 31587868 Phenotypes for gene: NKAP were set to Intellectual disability Review for gene: NKAP was set to GREEN gene: NKAP was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: 10 males from 8 unrelated families with missense mutations in NKAP (on Xq24) Hypotonia and tall stature with Marfanoid habitus was predominant phenotype. One variant (NM_024528:c.988G>A / p.Arg333Gln) Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.1604 | SMC1A | Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SMC1A was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.1590 | SMC1A | Melanie Marty reviewed gene: SMC1A: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 17273969, 22106055, 19701948, 26752331, 28166369; Phenotypes: Cornelia de Lange syndrome 2 300590; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.1553 | TMEM94 |
Zornitza Stark gene: TMEM94 was added gene: TMEM94 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: TMEM94 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: TMEM94 were set to 30526868 Phenotypes for gene: TMEM94 were set to Intellectual developmental disorder with cardiac defects and dysmorphic facies, MIM#618316 Review for gene: TMEM94 was set to GREEN Added comment: 10 individuals from 6 unrelated families. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.1508 | RBM20 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: RBM20 were changed from to Cardiomyopathy, dilated, 1DD 613172 AD | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.1505 | RBM20 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: RBM20: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 30871351; Phenotypes: Cardiomyopathy, dilated, 1DD 613172 AD; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.1496 | ZNF592 |
Chern Lim changed review comment from: No patients reported with ZNF592 variant that is clearly disease causing. A 2010 paper published a biallelic missense variant segregating in one family with non-progressive, autosomal recessive, congenital cerebellar ataxia; however functional data not strongly supportive of pathogenicity (PMID: 20531441). Same authors later identified a homozygous WDR73 variant in that family which explains the phenotype (PMID: 26123727).; to: No patients reported with ZNF592 variant that is clearly disease causing. A 2010 paper published a biallelic missense variant segregating in one family with non-progressive, autosomal recessive, congenital cerebellar ataxia; however functional data not strongly conclusive for pathogenicity (PMID: 20531441). Same authors later identified a homozygous WDR73 variant in that family which explains the phenotype (PMID: 26123727). |
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| Mendeliome v0.1496 | COL2A1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: COL2A1 were changed from to Achondrogenesis, type II or hypochondrogenesis 200610; Avascular necrosis of the femoral head 608805; Czech dysplasia 609162; Epiphyseal dysplasia, multiple, with myopia and deafness 132450; Kniest dysplasia 156550; Legg-Calve-Perthes disease 150600; Osteoarthritis with mild chondrodysplasia 604864; Platyspondylic skeletal dysplasia, Torrance type 151210; SED congenita 183900; SMED Strudwick type 184250; Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, Stanescu type 616583; Spondyloperipheral dysplasia 271700; Stickler sydrome, type I, nonsyndromic ocular 609508; Stickler syndrome, type I 108300; Vitreoretinopathy with phalangeal epiphyseal dysplasia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.1473 | COL2A1 | Elena Savva reviewed gene: COL2A1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID: 15895462, 17721977, 27234559, 20179744; Phenotypes: Achondrogenesis, type II or hypochondrogenesis 200610, Avascular necrosis of the femoral head 608805, Czech dysplasia 609162, Epiphyseal dysplasia, multiple, with myopia and deafness 132450, Kniest dysplasia 156550, Legg-Calve-Perthes disease 150600, Osteoarthritis with mild chondrodysplasia 604864, Platyspondylic skeletal dysplasia, Torrance type 151210, SED congenita 183900, SMED Strudwick type 184250, Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, Stanescu type 616583, Spondyloperipheral dysplasia 271700, Stickler sydrome, type I, nonsyndromic ocular 609508, Stickler syndrome, type I 108300, Vitreoretinopathy with phalangeal epiphyseal dysplasia; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.1443 | ARSG |
Zornitza Stark gene: ARSG was added gene: ARSG was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: ARSG was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: ARSG were set to 29300381; 20679209; 25452429; 26975023 Phenotypes for gene: ARSG were set to Usher syndrome, type IV, MIM# 618144 Review for gene: ARSG was set to RED Added comment: Atypical late-onset RP/HL phenotype described in 5 individuals from three Yemenite Jewish families. Same homozygous missense variant identified in all, founder effect. Animal models associated with neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.1436 | FXR1 |
Bryony Thompson gene: FXR1 was added gene: FXR1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: NHS GMS Mode of inheritance for gene: FXR1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: FXR1 were set to 30770808 Phenotypes for gene: FXR1 were set to Congenital multi-minicore myopathy Review for gene: FXR1 was set to GREEN Added comment: Two unrelated families and a mouse model with non-lethal myopathy phenotype. Sources: NHS GMS |
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| Mendeliome v0.1432 | HTRA1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: HTRA1 were changed from to {Macular degeneration, age-related, 7}, 6101493; {Macular degeneration, age-related, neovascular type}, 610149; CARASIL syndrome, 600142; Cerebral arteriopathy, autosomal dominant, with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy, type 2, 616779 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.1418 | SYNE1 |
Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: SYNE1: Added comment: Well established gene-disease association with Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (AD), and with recessive ataxia. Distal arthrogryposis: three families reported with bi-allelic distal truncating variants in the KASH domain. This appears to be a specific genotype-phenotype correlation.; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed publications: 23352163, 27782104; Changed phenotypes: Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, myogenic type, MIM# 618484, Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy 4, autosomal dominant, MIM# 612998, Spinocerebellar ataxia, autosomal recessive 8, MIM# 610743; Changed mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal |
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| Mendeliome v0.1418 | PNPT1 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: PNPT1 were changed from to Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 13 (MIM#614932); Deafness, autosomal recessive 70 (MIM#614934) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.1415 | HTRA1 | Elena Savva reviewed gene: HTRA1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: Other; Publications: PMID: 29895533, 19387015; Phenotypes: {Macular degeneration, age-related, 7}, 6101493, {Macular degeneration, age-related, neovascular type}, 610149, CARASIL syndrome, 600142, Cerebral arteriopathy, autosomal dominant, with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy, type 2, 616779; Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic (but BIALLELIC mutations cause a more SEVERE disease form), autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.1415 | PNPT1 | Crystle Lee reviewed gene: PNPT1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID:31752325, PMID: 30244537, PMID: 28594066, PMID: 28645153; Phenotypes: Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 13 (MIM#614932), Deafness, autosomal recessive 70 (MIM#614934); Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.1373 | SOX3 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: SOX3 were changed from Mental retardation, X-linked, with isolated growth hormone deficiency, MIM#300123; Panhypopituitarism, X-linked, MIM#312000 to Mental retardation, X-linked, with isolated growth hormone deficiency, MIM#300123; Panhypopituitarism, X-linked, MIM#312000; XX male sex reversal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.1372 | SOX3 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: SOX3: Changed phenotypes: Mental retardation, X-linked, with isolated growth hormone deficiency, MIM#300123, Panhypopituitarism, X-linked, MIM#312000, XX male sex reversal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.1372 | SOX3 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: SOX3 were changed from to Mental retardation, X-linked, with isolated growth hormone deficiency, MIM#300123; Panhypopituitarism, X-linked, MIM#312000 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.1368 | SOX3 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: SOX3: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 29175558, 30125608, 12428212, 15800844; Phenotypes: Mental retardation, X-linked, with isolated growth hormone deficiency, MIM#300123, Panhypopituitarism, X-linked, MIM#312000; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.1358 | ATRX | Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ATRX was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.1357 | ATRX | Elena Savva reviewed gene: ATRX: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Alpha-thalassemia myelodysplasia syndrome, somatic, Alpha-thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome, Mental retardation-hypotonic facies syndrome, X-linked; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.1356 | PTRHD1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: PTRHD1 was added gene: PTRHD1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: PTRHD1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: PTRHD1 were set to 30398675; 27134041; 27753167; 29143421 Phenotypes for gene: PTRHD1 were set to Parkinsonism; Intellectual disability Review for gene: PTRHD1 was set to GREEN Added comment: Three unrelated families reported: two with homozygous missense variants; and one with truncating variant. Affected individuals have juvenile-onset parkinsonism and ID. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.1346 | PITRM1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: PITRM1 was added gene: PITRM1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: PITRM1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: PITRM1 were set to 26697887; 29764912; 29383861 Phenotypes for gene: PITRM1 were set to Ataxia; Intellectual disability Review for gene: PITRM1 was set to GREEN gene: PITRM1 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: Three unrelated families reported with bi-allelic variants in this gene. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.1344 | CSGALNACT1 |
Tiong Tan gene: CSGALNACT1 was added gene: CSGALNACT1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review,Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: CSGALNACT1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: CSGALNACT1 were set to Congenital disorders of glycosylation; skeletal dysplasia; advanced bone age Review for gene: CSGALNACT1 was set to GREEN Added comment: Two unrelated families and functional studies Sources: Expert Review, Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.1333 | ELMO2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: ELMO2 was added gene: ELMO2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: ELMO2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: ELMO2 were set to 27476657 Phenotypes for gene: ELMO2 were set to Vascular malformation, primary intraosseous, MIM#606893 Review for gene: ELMO2 was set to GREEN Added comment: Five unrelated families reported. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.1325 | MAP3K20 |
Bryony Thompson gene: MAP3K20 was added gene: MAP3K20 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: MAP3K20 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: MAP3K20 were set to 27816943; 26755636 Phenotypes for gene: MAP3K20 were set to Centronuclear myopathy 6 with fiber-type disproportion MIM#617760; Split-foot malformation with mesoaxial polydactyly MIM#616890 Review for gene: MAP3K20 was set to GREEN Added comment: 3 unrelated consanguineous families homozygous for 3 different variants with centronuclear myopathy, and at least 2 families reported with split-foot malformation. Null mouse model is embryonic lethal due to severe cardiac edema and growth retardation. Gene alias of ZAK used in the published studies. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.1275 | IQSEC2 | Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: IQSEC2 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.1274 | IQSEC2 | Elena Savva reviewed gene: IQSEC2: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: Other; Publications: PMID: 31415821, 20473311, 30842726; Phenotypes: Mental retardation, X-linked 1/78; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males); Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.1258 | TRAPPC4 |
Zornitza Stark gene: TRAPPC4 was added gene: TRAPPC4 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: TRAPPC4 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: TRAPPC4 were set to 31794024 Phenotypes for gene: TRAPPC4 were set to intellectual disability; epilepsy; spasticity; microcephaly Review for gene: TRAPPC4 was set to GREEN Added comment: Seven individuals from three unrelated families reported; recurrent splice site variant (hg19:chr11:g.118890966A>G; TRAPPC4: NM_016146.5; c.454+3A>G), not a founder variant. Sources: Expert Review |
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| Mendeliome v0.1256 | SNX27 |
Zornitza Stark gene: SNX27 was added gene: SNX27 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: SNX27 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SNX27 were set to 25894286; 31721175; 21300787; 23524343 Phenotypes for gene: SNX27 were set to intellectual disability; seizures Review for gene: SNX27 was set to GREEN Added comment: Three unrelated families and animal model. Sources: Expert Review |
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| Mendeliome v0.1252 | KAT8 |
Zornitza Stark gene: KAT8 was added gene: KAT8 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: KAT8 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: KAT8 were set to 31794431 Phenotypes for gene: KAT8 were set to Intellectual disability; seizures; autism; dysmorphic features Review for gene: KAT8 was set to GREEN Added comment: Eight unrelated individuals reported with de novo variants in this gene and a mouse model. All variants missense, in the chromobarrel domain or the acetyltransferase domain; three individuals had the same variant p.Tyr90Cys . One more individual reported with bi-allelic variants: one missense and one frameshift; carrier parents were normal suggesting that may be haploinsuffiency is not the mechanism. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.1232 | ACTB | Sebastian Lunke Phenotypes for gene: ACTB were changed from to Baraitser-Winter syndrome 1 243310; ACTB-related neurodevelopment disorder | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.1220 | ACTB | Melanie Marty reviewed gene: ACTB: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: Other; Publications: 29220674; Phenotypes: ?Dystonia, juvenile-onset 607371, Baraitser-Winter syndrome 1 243310, ACTB-related neurodevelopment disorder; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.1216 | MRPS7 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: MRPS7 were changed from to Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 34, MIM# 617872 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.1212 | MRPS7 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: MRPS7: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 25556185; Phenotypes: Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 34, MIM# 617872; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.1206 | MRPL12 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: MRPL12 were changed from to Growth retardation; neurological deterioration; mitochondrial translation deficiency | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.1204 | MRPL12 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: MRPL12: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 23603806; Phenotypes: Growth retardation, neurological deterioration, mitochondrial translation deficiency; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.1204 | LYRM4 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: LYRM4 were changed from to Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 19, MIM# 615595 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.1200 | LYRM4 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: LYRM4: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 23814038, 31497476; Phenotypes: Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 19, MIM# 615595; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.1189 | PHEX | Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: PHEX was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.1188 | PHEX | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: PHEX: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Hypophosphatemic rickets, MIM#307800; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.1174 | TKFC |
Zornitza Stark gene: TKFC was added gene: TKFC was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: TKFC was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: TKFC were set to 32004446 Phenotypes for gene: TKFC were set to Developmental delay; cataracts; liver dysfunction Review for gene: TKFC was set to AMBER Added comment: Two unrelated individuals reported. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.1172 | RALGAPA1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: RALGAPA1 was added gene: RALGAPA1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: RALGAPA1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: RALGAPA1 were set to 32004447 Phenotypes for gene: RALGAPA1 were set to Intellectual disability; hypotonia; infantile spasms. Review for gene: RALGAPA1 was set to GREEN Added comment: Four unrelated individuals reported. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.1150 | DLG4 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: DLG4: Added comment: Four unrelated individuals reported.; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed publications: 27479843, 25123844, 19617690, 29460436, 23020937, 28135719; Changed phenotypes: Intellectual disability, Marfanoid habitus; Changed mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted; Set current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.1121 | ACSL4 | Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: ACSL4 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.1120 | ACSL4 | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: ACSL4: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 11889465, 12525535; Phenotypes: Mental retardation, X-linked 63, MIM# 300387 XLD; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.1112 | HUWE1 | Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: HUWE1 was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.1111 | FLNA | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: FLNA were changed from to ?FG syndrome 2, XL; Cardiac valvular dysplasia, X-linked; Congenital short bowel syndrome; Frontometaphyseal dysplasia 1; Heterotopia, periventricular, 1; Intestinal pseudoobstruction, neuronal Melnick-Needles syndrome; Otopalatodigital syndrome, type I; Otopalatodigital syndrome, type II; Terminal osseous dysplasia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.1109 | FLNA | Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: FLNA was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.1069 | HUWE1 | Elena Savva reviewed gene: HUWE1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID: 30797980, 29180823; Phenotypes: Mental retardation, X-linked syndromic, Turner type, Say-Meyer syndrome; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.1069 | FLNA | Elena Savva reviewed gene: FLNA: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID: 30089473; Phenotypes: ?FG syndrome 2, XL, Cardiac valvular dysplasia, X-linked, Congenital short bowel syndrome, Frontometaphyseal dysplasia 1, Heterotopia, periventricular, 1, Intestinal pseudoobstruction, neuronal Melnick-Needles syndrome, Otopalatodigital syndrome, type I, Otopalatodigital syndrome, type II, Terminal osseous dysplasia; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.1069 | LIPE |
Kristin Rigbye gene: LIPE was added gene: LIPE was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: LIPE was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: LIPE were set to 27862896; 25475467; 24848981 Phenotypes for gene: LIPE were set to Lipodystrophy, familial partial, type 6, 615980 Review for gene: LIPE was set to GREEN gene: LIPE was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: LIPE is confirmed to be associated with partial familial lipodystrophy in OMIM. There are 3 unrelated cases of patients with partial lipodystrophy with different loss of function variants in the LIPE gene. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.1023 | FBXW11 |
Alison Yeung gene: FBXW11 was added gene: FBXW11 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: FBXW11 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Publications for gene: FBXW11 were set to PMID: 31402090 Phenotypes for gene: FBXW11 were set to Intellectual disability; developmental eye anomalies; digital anomalies Review for gene: FBXW11 was set to GREEN Added comment: Reported in >3 unrelated individuals Functional studies in zebrafish Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.1020 | ANAPC1 |
Alison Yeung gene: ANAPC1 was added gene: ANAPC1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ANAPC1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Publications for gene: ANAPC1 were set to PMID: 31303264 Phenotypes for gene: ANAPC1 were set to Rothmund Thomson syndrome type 1, OMIM 618625 Review for gene: ANAPC1 was set to GREEN gene: ANAPC1 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: 7 unrelated families reported Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.1018 | RINT1 |
Alison Yeung gene: RINT1 was added gene: RINT1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: RINT1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: RINT1 were set to PMID: 31204009 Phenotypes for gene: RINT1 were set to Recurrent acute liver failure Review for gene: RINT1 was set to GREEN gene: RINT1 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: three unrelated individuals reported Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.991 | CTBP1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: CTBP1 was added gene: CTBP1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: CTBP1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: CTBP1 were set to 27094857; 28955726; 31041561 Phenotypes for gene: CTBP1 were set to Hypotonia, ataxia, developmental delay, and tooth enamel defect syndrome, MIM#617915 Review for gene: CTBP1 was set to GREEN gene: CTBP1 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: At least 12 unrelated individuals reported with this neurodevelopmental disorder. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.981 | CCDC47 |
Sebastian Lunke gene: CCDC47 was added gene: CCDC47 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: CCDC47 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: CCDC47 were set to 30401460 Phenotypes for gene: CCDC47 were set to Trichohepatoneurodevelopmental syndrome, 618268 Review for gene: CCDC47 was set to GREEN gene: CCDC47 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: From GEL: Morimoto el al. (PMID: 30401460) report on 4 individuals from 4 unrelated families with biallelic LoF variants in CCDC47. The phenotype consisted of abnormal (woolly) hair, liver dysfunction, common facial features as well as DD/ID Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.975 | IKZF5 |
Zornitza Stark gene: IKZF5 was added gene: IKZF5 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: IKZF5 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: IKZF5 were set to 31217188 Phenotypes for gene: IKZF5 were set to Thrombocytopaenia Review for gene: IKZF5 was set to GREEN Added comment: Five unrelated individuals with missense variants in this gene. Two de novo, three segregated with disease Sources: Expert Review |
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| Mendeliome v0.973 | TTC12 |
Zornitza Stark gene: TTC12 was added gene: TTC12 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: TTC12 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: TTC12 were set to 31978331 Phenotypes for gene: TTC12 were set to Ciliary dyskinesia Review for gene: TTC12 was set to GREEN Added comment: Four unrelated families reported, LoF variants, respiratory phenotype. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.965 | STT3B | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: STT3B were changed from to Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Ix 615597 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.963 | STT3B | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: STT3B: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 23842455; Phenotypes: Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Ix 615597; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.963 | SLC39A8 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: SLC39A8 were changed from to Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type IIn , MIM#16721 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.959 | PIGS |
Zornitza Stark gene: PIGS was added gene: PIGS was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: PIGS was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: PIGS were set to 30269814 Phenotypes for gene: PIGS were set to Glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis defect 18 618143 Review for gene: PIGS was set to GREEN Added comment: Three unrelated families reported. Severe neurological phenotype ranging from fetal akinesia to ID/EE Sources: Expert Review |
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| Mendeliome v0.957 | FUK |
Zornitza Stark gene: FUK was added gene: FUK was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: FUK was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: FUK were set to 30503518 Phenotypes for gene: FUK were set to Congenital disorder of glycosylation with defective fucosylation 2, MIM# 618324 Review for gene: FUK was set to AMBER Added comment: Two unrelated individuals reported. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.955 | ZNF142 |
Zornitza Stark gene: ZNF142 was added gene: ZNF142 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: ZNF142 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: ZNF142 were set to 31036918 Phenotypes for gene: ZNF142 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder with impaired speech and hyperkinetic movements, MIM#618425 Review for gene: ZNF142 was set to GREEN gene: ZNF142 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: 7 individuals from 4 unrelated families reported. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.953 | RALA |
Zornitza Stark gene: RALA was added gene: RALA was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: RALA was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: RALA were set to 30500825 Phenotypes for gene: RALA were set to Intellectual disability; Seizures Review for gene: RALA was set to GREEN gene: RALA was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: 11 individuals from 10 unrelated families reported with this neurodevelopmental syndrome, half had seizures. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.939 | HNRNPR |
Zornitza Stark gene: HNRNPR was added gene: HNRNPR was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: HNRNPR was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: HNRNPR were set to 26795593; 31079900 Phenotypes for gene: HNRNPR were set to Intellectual disability; seizures Review for gene: HNRNPR was set to GREEN gene: HNRNPR was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: Five unrelated individuals reported with de novo variants and a neurodevelopmental disorder. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.912 | DHPS |
Zornitza Stark gene: DHPS was added gene: DHPS was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: DHPS was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: DHPS were set to 30661771 Phenotypes for gene: DHPS were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder with seizures and speech and walking impairment, MIM#618480 Review for gene: DHPS was set to GREEN gene: DHPS was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: 5 individuals from 4 unrelated families with biallelic pathogenic variants in DHPS, note one variant is recurrent (c.518A>G or p.Asn173Ser). The phenotype consisted of DD/ID (5/5), tone abnormalities (hypotonia/hypertonia/spasticity - 5/5), seizures (5/5 - in one case though unclear staring spells) with EEG abnormalities (5/5). Additionally most individuals displayed behavioral issues, or some common facial features Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.907 | DDOST | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: DDOST were changed from to Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Ir, MIM# 614507 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.903 | DDOST | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: DDOST: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 22305527; Phenotypes: Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Ir, MIM# 614507; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.901 | PIK3C2A |
Zornitza Stark gene: PIK3C2A was added gene: PIK3C2A was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: PIK3C2A was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: PIK3C2A were set to 31034465 Phenotypes for gene: PIK3C2A were set to Oculoskeletodental syndrome, MIM# 618440 Review for gene: PIK3C2A was set to GREEN gene: PIK3C2A was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: Three unrelated consanguineous families reported. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.888 | MTHFS |
Zornitza Stark gene: MTHFS was added gene: MTHFS was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: MTHFS was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: MTHFS were set to 30031689; 31844630; 22303332 Phenotypes for gene: MTHFS were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, epilepsy, and hypomyelination, 618367 Review for gene: MTHFS was set to GREEN Added comment: Three unrelated individuals reported with supporting biochemical evidence. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.876 | CDH2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: CDH2 was added gene: CDH2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: CDH2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: CDH2 were set to 31585109 Phenotypes for gene: CDH2 were set to Intellectual disability; corpus callosum abnormalities; congenital abnormalities Review for gene: CDH2 was set to GREEN Added comment: Nine unrelated individuals reported with de novo variants in this gene. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.870 | RPL13 |
Zornitza Stark gene: RPL13 was added gene: RPL13 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: RPL13 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: RPL13 were set to 31630789 Phenotypes for gene: RPL13 were set to Spondyloepimetaphyseal Dysplasia with Severe Short Stature Review for gene: RPL13 was set to GREEN Added comment: Four unrelated individuals reported with de novo variants. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.865 | TUBGCP2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: TUBGCP2 was added gene: TUBGCP2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: TUBGCP2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: TUBGCP2 were set to 31630790 Phenotypes for gene: TUBGCP2 were set to Lissencephaly; pachygyria; subcortical band heterotopia; microcephaly; intellectual disability Review for gene: TUBGCP2 was set to GREEN Added comment: Four unrelated families reported. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.860 | TP73 |
Alison Yeung gene: TP73 was added gene: TP73 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: TP73 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: TP73 were set to PMID: 31130284 Phenotypes for gene: TP73 were set to Cortical malformation; Lissencephaly Review for gene: TP73 was set to AMBER Added comment: Two unrelated families reported. No functional data Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.858 | SMG8 |
Alison Yeung gene: SMG8 was added gene: SMG8 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SMG8 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SMG8 were set to PMID: 31130284 Phenotypes for gene: SMG8 were set to Intellectual disability Review for gene: SMG8 was set to AMBER Added comment: Two unrelated families reported. No functional data Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.856 | IQSEC3 |
Alison Yeung gene: IQSEC3 was added gene: IQSEC3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: IQSEC3 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: IQSEC3 were set to PMID: 31130284 Phenotypes for gene: IQSEC3 were set to Intellectual disability Review for gene: IQSEC3 was set to AMBER Added comment: Two unrelated families reported, no functional data Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.854 | ICE1 |
Alison Yeung gene: ICE1 was added gene: ICE1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ICE1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: ICE1 were set to PMID: 31130284 Phenotypes for gene: ICE1 were set to Intellectual disability, cerebral atrophy Review for gene: ICE1 was set to AMBER Added comment: Two unrelated families reported, no functional data Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.852 | EIF2A |
Alison Yeung gene: EIF2A was added gene: EIF2A was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: EIF2A was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: EIF2A were set to PMID: 31130284 Phenotypes for gene: EIF2A were set to Intellectual disability, epilepsy Review for gene: EIF2A was set to AMBER Added comment: reported in two unrelated families Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.844 | KCNN3 |
Alison Yeung gene: KCNN3 was added gene: KCNN3 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: KCNN3 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Publications for gene: KCNN3 were set to PMID: 31155282 Phenotypes for gene: KCNN3 were set to Zimmermann-Laband syndrome 3; OMIM# 618658 Review for gene: KCNN3 was set to GREEN gene: KCNN3 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: Three unrelated individuals reported Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.837 | CNOT1 |
Alison Yeung gene: CNOT1 was added gene: CNOT1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: CNOT1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Publications for gene: CNOT1 were set to PMID: 31006513 Phenotypes for gene: CNOT1 were set to Holoprosencephaly 12, with or without pancreatic agenesis; OMIM# 618500 Review for gene: CNOT1 was set to GREEN gene: CNOT1 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: Reported in 3 unrelated individuals Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.835 | IQSEC1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: IQSEC1 was added gene: IQSEC1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: IQSEC1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: IQSEC1 were set to 31607425 Phenotypes for gene: IQSEC1 were set to Intellectual developmental disorder with short stature and behavioral abnormalities, MIM# 618687 Review for gene: IQSEC1 was set to GREEN Added comment: Five individuals from two unrelated families reported, animal model data. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.830 | GPC4 | Alison Yeung reviewed gene: GPC4: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID: 30982611; Phenotypes: Keipert syndrome OMIM# 301026; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males); Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.828 | LEMD2 |
Alison Yeung gene: LEMD2 was added gene: LEMD2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: LEMD2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Publications for gene: LEMD2 were set to PMID: 30905398 Phenotypes for gene: LEMD2 were set to progeroid disorder Review for gene: LEMD2 was set to AMBER Added comment: two reported unrelated individuals, limited functional evidence Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.822 | FAM149B1 |
Alison Yeung gene: FAM149B1 was added gene: FAM149B1 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: FAM149B1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: FAM149B1 were set to PMID: 30905400 Phenotypes for gene: FAM149B1 were set to Joubert; Ciliopathy Review for gene: FAM149B1 was set to GREEN gene: FAM149B1 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: Four unrelated families reported Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.820 | CARS |
Alison Yeung gene: CARS was added gene: CARS was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: CARS was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: CARS were set to PMID: 30824121 Phenotypes for gene: CARS were set to Intellectual disability; microcephaly; brittle hair and nails Added comment: Three reported unrelated families Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.814 | ADAMTS9 |
Zornitza Stark gene: ADAMTS9 was added gene: ADAMTS9 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ADAMTS9 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: ADAMTS9 were set to 30609407 Phenotypes for gene: ADAMTS9 were set to Nephronophthisis-Related Ciliopathy Review for gene: ADAMTS9 was set to GREEN Added comment: Two families reported with functional evidence Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.807 | BNC2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: BNC2 was added gene: BNC2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: BNC2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: BNC2 were set to 31656805; 31051115 Phenotypes for gene: BNC2 were set to Lower urinary tract obstruction, congenital; OMIM #618612 Review for gene: BNC2 was set to GREEN gene: BNC2 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: At least four unrelated families reported. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.793 | STN1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: STN1 was added gene: STN1 was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: STN1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: STN1 were set to 27432940 Phenotypes for gene: STN1 were set to Cerebroretinal microangiopathy with calcification and cysts 2, MIM#617341 Review for gene: STN1 was set to AMBER Added comment: Two unrelated individuals reported. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.790 | JAM2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: JAM2 was added gene: JAM2 was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: JAM2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: JAM2 were set to 31851307 Phenotypes for gene: JAM2 were set to Primary brain calcification Review for gene: JAM2 was set to GREEN Added comment: Three unrelated families with bi-allelic variants reported. The clinical phenotypes of the four patients included parkinsonism (3/4), dysarthria (3/4), seizures (1/4), and probable asymptomatic (1/4), with diverse onset ages. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.788 | TDP2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: TDP2 was added gene: TDP2 was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: TDP2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: TDP2 were set to 31410782; 30109272; 24658003 Phenotypes for gene: TDP2 were set to Spinocerebellar ataxia, autosomal recessive 23; OMIM #616949 Review for gene: TDP2 was set to GREEN Added comment: ID is part of the phenotype: 4 families with 6 affected patients, with functional evidence. 1 family with 3 affected sibs with homozygous splice site mutation in the TDP2 gene. Patient cell extracts showed absence of the full-length TDP2 protein and absence of 5-prime TDP activity, consistent with a loss of function, although 3-prime TDP activity, conferred by TDP1, was normal. In addition, patient lymphoblastoid cells were hypersensitive to the TOP2 poison etoposide. The findings indicated impaired capacity for double-strand break repair. 1 unrelated Egyptian patient with a similar disorder was homozygous for a truncating mutation in the TDP2 gene 1 unrelated Caucasian patient with same homozygous splice site mutation in the TDP2 gene. Western blot analysis did not detect TDP2 protein in patient primary skin fibroblasts. Patient fibroblasts showed an inability to rapidly repair topoisomerase-induced DNA double-strand breaks in the nucleus and also showed a profound hypersensitivity to this type of DNA damage. Complementation of patient cells with recombinant human TDP2 restored normal rates of nuclear DSB repair. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.786 | TRMT1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: TRMT1 was added gene: TRMT1 was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: TRMT1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: TRMT1 were set to 30289604; 26308914; 21937992 Phenotypes for gene: TRMT1 were set to Mental retardation, autosomal recessive 68; OMIM #618302 Review for gene: TRMT1 was set to GREEN Added comment: 4 families reported: -1 consanguineous Iranian family with 5 individuals with nonsyndromic moderate to severe impaired intellectual development. -1 consanguineous Iranian family with 3 adult brothers with global developmental delay and moderately delayed intellectual development -2 unrelated Pakistani families with 4 patients with impaired intellectual development. All with homozygous mutations in the TRMT1 gene which segregated with the disorder in the families, but functional studies of the variants were not performed. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.780 | SLC9A7 |
Zornitza Stark gene: SLC9A7 was added gene: SLC9A7 was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC9A7 was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females Publications for gene: SLC9A7 were set to 30335141 Phenotypes for gene: SLC9A7 were set to Intellectual developmental disorder, X-linked 108; OMIM #301024 Review for gene: SLC9A7 was set to AMBER Added comment: 6 males from 2 unrelated families with hemizygous missense mutation in the SLC9A7 gene. The mutation segregated with the disorder in the family. In vitro functional expression studies in CHO cells (AP-1 cells) showed that the mutation caused decreased levels of protein expression and reduced oligosaccharide maturation/glycosylation compared to wildtype, indicating impaired posttranslational processing. Subcellular localization studies indicated that protein trafficking was unaffected by the mutation. However, examination of the trans-Golgi compartment suggested a gain-of-function effect and a perturbation of glycosylation of secretory cargo. Serum transferrin studies in 1 patient suggested a glycosylation defect. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.778 | KIAA1161 |
Zornitza Stark gene: KIAA1161 was added gene: KIAA1161 was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: KIAA1161 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: KIAA1161 were set to 30656188; 30649222; 30460687; 29910000 Phenotypes for gene: KIAA1161 were set to Basal ganglia calcification, idiopathic, 7, autosomal recessive; OMIM #618317 Review for gene: KIAA1161 was set to GREEN Added comment: Total 9 families, but no functional evidence: 12 patients from 6 unrelated Chinese families reported by Yao et al. (2018) and homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in the MYORG gene. Functional studies of the variants and studies of patient cells were not performed, but the presence of nonsense mutations suggested a loss of function. 1 Chinese woman identified with homozygous nonsense mutation in the MYORG gene, segregated with the disorder in the family. Functional studies of the variant and studies of patient cells were not performed. 2 unrelated Middle Eastern families with homozygous mutations in the MYORG gene, which segregated with the disorder in the families. Functional studies of the variants were not performed. 4 sibs from one Turkish family with homozygous missense mutation in the MYORG gene, which segregated with the disorder in the family. Functional studies of the variant and studies of patient cells were not performed. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.748 | STAG2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: STAG2 was added gene: STAG2 was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Other Mode of inheritance for gene: STAG2 was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) Publications for gene: STAG2 were set to 30765867; 28296084; 30447054; 29263825; 30158690 Phenotypes for gene: STAG2 were set to Mullegama-Klein-Martinez syndrome, MIM#301022 Review for gene: STAG2 was set to GREEN Added comment: 12 unrelated families reported both males and females affected. Sources: Other |
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| Mendeliome v0.723 | ITSN1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: ITSN1 was added gene: ITSN1 was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: ITSN1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: ITSN1 were set to 29773874 Review for gene: ITSN1 was set to GREEN Added comment: 3 unrelated families with rare ITSN1 variants and SRNS/CNS or SSNS. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.717 | DNASE2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: DNASE2 was added gene: DNASE2 was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: DNASE2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: DNASE2 were set to 29259162; 31775019 Phenotypes for gene: DNASE2 were set to Auto-inflammatory disorder; splenomegaly; glomerulonephritis; liver fibrosis; arthritis; HLH Review for gene: DNASE2 was set to GREEN Added comment: Inflammatory disorder characterized by splenomegaly, glomerulonephritis, liver fibrosis, circulating anti-DNA autoantibodies, and progressive arthritis. Three families and functional data. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.703 | AP2M1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: AP2M1 was added gene: AP2M1 was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: AP2M1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: AP2M1 were set to 31104773 Phenotypes for gene: AP2M1 were set to Intellectual developmental disorder 60 with seizures, MIM# 618587 Review for gene: AP2M1 was set to GREEN Added comment: Four unrelated individuals reported, recurrent variant, NM_004068.3:c.508C>T or p.Arg170Trp. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.671 | C19orf70 |
Zornitza Stark gene: C19orf70 was added gene: C19orf70 was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: C19orf70 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: C19orf70 were set to 29618761; 27623147; 27485409 Phenotypes for gene: C19orf70 were set to Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 37, MIM# 618329 Review for gene: C19orf70 was set to GREEN Added comment: Three unrelated families reported. HGNC approved name MICOS13. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.669 | MIPEP |
Zornitza Stark gene: MIPEP was added gene: MIPEP was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: MIPEP was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: MIPEP were set to 27799064 Phenotypes for gene: MIPEP were set to Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 31, MIM# 617228 Review for gene: MIPEP was set to GREEN Added comment: Four unrelated children reported. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.668 | MRPS14 |
Zornitza Stark gene: MRPS14 was added gene: MRPS14 was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: MRPS14 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: MRPS14 were set to 30358850 Phenotypes for gene: MRPS14 were set to Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 38, MIM# 618378 Review for gene: MRPS14 was set to RED Added comment: Single individual reported, functional data. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.667 | PLEKHG2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: PLEKHG2 was added gene: PLEKHG2 was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: PLEKHG2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: PLEKHG2 were set to 26573021 Phenotypes for gene: PLEKHG2 were set to Leukodystrophy and acquired microcephaly with or without dystonia, MIM# 616763 Review for gene: PLEKHG2 was set to RED Added comment: Five individuals from two unrelated families reported, same homozygous missense variant. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.660 | AIMP2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: AIMP2 was added gene: AIMP2 was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: AIMP2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: AIMP2 were set to 29215095 Phenotypes for gene: AIMP2 were set to Leukodystrophy, hypomyelinating, 17 618006 Review for gene: AIMP2 was set to RED Added comment: Two apparently unrelated consanguineous families, however same homozygous variant identified in both. Affected individuals had early-onset multifocal seizures, spasticity, poor overall growth, and microcephaly (up to -10 SD). Brain imaging showed multiple abnormalities, including cerebral and cerebellar atrophy, thin corpus callosum, abnormal signals in the basal ganglia, and features suggesting hypo- or demyelination Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.658 | TMEM63A |
Zornitza Stark gene: TMEM63A was added gene: TMEM63A was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: TMEM63A was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: TMEM63A were set to 31587869 Phenotypes for gene: TMEM63A were set to Leukodystrophy, hypomyelinating, 19, transient infantile, MIM# 618688 Review for gene: TMEM63A was set to GREEN Added comment: Four unrelated families reported; in three individuals, the variant was de novo, and inherited from a deceased parent in the fourth. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.652 | H3F3B | Zornitza Stark commented on gene: H3F3B: Elizabeth J Bhoj, H3F3A/B Consortium, Hakon H. Hakonarson.: Mutations In H3f3a And H3f3b Encoding Histone 3.3: Report Of 26 Patients With Neurodevelopmental And Congenital Manifestations. American Society of Human Genetics, Orlando, FL October 2017 Notes: Platform Presentation. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.649 | ROBO4 |
Zornitza Stark gene: ROBO4 was added gene: ROBO4 was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ROBO4 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: ROBO4 were set to 30455415 Phenotypes for gene: ROBO4 were set to bicuspid aortic valve; ascending aortic aneurysm; ascending aorta dilatation Review for gene: ROBO4 was set to GREEN Added comment: Two families, functional data, incomplete penetrance. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.638 | RSRC1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: RSRC1 was added gene: RSRC1 was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: RSRC1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: RSRC1 were set to 28640246; 29522154 Phenotypes for gene: RSRC1 were set to Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 70, MIM# 618402 Review for gene: RSRC1 was set to AMBER Added comment: Two unrelated families reported, 8 affected individuals. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.636 | METTL5 |
Zornitza Stark gene: METTL5 was added gene: METTL5 was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: METTL5 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: METTL5 were set to 29302074; 31564433 Phenotypes for gene: METTL5 were set to Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 72, MIM# 618665 Review for gene: METTL5 was set to GREEN Added comment: Three unrelated families and animal model. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.633 | USP27X |
Zornitza Stark gene: USP27X was added gene: USP27X was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: USP27X was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females Publications for gene: USP27X were set to 25644381 Phenotypes for gene: USP27X were set to Mental retardation, X-linked 105, MIM#300984 Review for gene: USP27X was set to AMBER Added comment: Four individuals from two unrelated families reported. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.624 | TRPM3 |
Zornitza Stark gene: TRPM3 was added gene: TRPM3 was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: TRPM3 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: TRPM3 were set to 31278393 Phenotypes for gene: TRPM3 were set to Intellectual disability; epilepsy Review for gene: TRPM3 was set to GREEN Added comment: 8 unrelated individuals with de novo variants in this gene. Recurrent variant p.(Val837Met) identified in 7/8. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.610 | PIGP |
Zornitza Stark gene: PIGP was added gene: PIGP was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: PIGP was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: PIGP were set to 31139695 Phenotypes for gene: PIGP were set to Epileptic encephalopathy, early infantile, 55, MIM# 617599 Review for gene: PIGP was set to AMBER Added comment: Three individuals from two unrelated families reported. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.608 | NEUROD2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: NEUROD2 was added gene: NEUROD2 was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: NEUROD2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: NEUROD2 were set to 30323019 Phenotypes for gene: NEUROD2 were set to Epileptic encephalopathy, early infantile, 72, MIM# 618374 Review for gene: NEUROD2 was set to GREEN Added comment: Two unrelated individuals with de novo missense variants in this gene, animal model. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.606 | GOT2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: GOT2 was added gene: GOT2 was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: GOT2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: GOT2 were set to 31422819 Phenotypes for gene: GOT2 were set to Epileptic encephalopathy, early infantile, 82, MIM# 618721 Review for gene: GOT2 was set to GREEN Added comment: Four individuals from three unrelated families reported. Treatment with pyridoxine and serine ameliorated the phenotype. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.568 | PIGQ |
Zornitza Stark gene: PIGQ was added gene: PIGQ was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: PIGQ was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: PIGQ were set to 25558065; 24463883; 31148362 Phenotypes for gene: PIGQ were set to Epileptic encephalopathy, early infantile, 77, MIM# 618548 Review for gene: PIGQ was set to GREEN Added comment: Three unrelated families reported. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.563 | PHACTR1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: PHACTR1 was added gene: PHACTR1 was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: PHACTR1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: PHACTR1 were set to 30256902 Phenotypes for gene: PHACTR1 were set to Epileptic encephalopathy, early infantile, 70, MIM# 618298 Review for gene: PHACTR1 was set to GREEN Added comment: Three unrelated individuals reported with de novo variants in this gene. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.555 | CPLX1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: CPLX1 was added gene: CPLX1 was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: CPLX1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: CPLX1 were set to 26539891; 28422131 Phenotypes for gene: CPLX1 were set to Epileptic encephalopathy, early infantile, 63, MIM# 617976 Review for gene: CPLX1 was set to GREEN Added comment: Five individuals from three unrelated families reported in larger neurodevelopmental cohorts. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.553 | RNF13 |
Zornitza Stark gene: RNF13 was added gene: RNF13 was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: RNF13 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: RNF13 were set to 30595371 Phenotypes for gene: RNF13 were set to Epileptic encephalopathy, early infantile, 73, MIM# 618379 Mode of pathogenicity for gene: RNF13 was set to Other Review for gene: RNF13 was set to GREEN Added comment: Three unrelated individuals with de novo gain-of-function variants in this gene reported; severe neurodegenerative disorder, seizures are a prominent part of the phenotype. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.551 | GLS |
Zornitza Stark gene: GLS was added gene: GLS was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: GLS was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: GLS were set to 30575854; 30970188 Phenotypes for gene: GLS were set to Epileptic encephalopathy, early infantile, 71, MIM# 618328; Global developmental delay, progressive ataxia, and elevated glutamine, MIM# 618412 Review for gene: GLS was set to GREEN Added comment: Three individuals from two unrelated families reported with early neonatal refractory seizures, structural brain abnormalities and oedema; significantly increased glutamine levels (PMID: 30575854). Another three unrelated individuals described with compound het variants, one of which is a triplet expansion in the 5' UTR (PMID: 30970188). Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.549 | CAD |
Zornitza Stark gene: CAD was added gene: CAD was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: CAD was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: CAD were set to 28007989; 25678555 Phenotypes for gene: CAD were set to Epileptic encephalopathy, early infantile, 50, MIM# 616457 Review for gene: CAD was set to GREEN Added comment: Five individuals from four unrelated families reported, seizures are a prominent part of the phenotype of this progressive neurometabolic condition. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.541 | NADSYN1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: NADSYN1 was added gene: NADSYN1 was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: NADSYN1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: NADSYN1 were set to 31883644 Phenotypes for gene: NADSYN1 were set to Multiple congenital abnormalities; absent kidneys; cardiac; limb; vertebral Review for gene: NADSYN1 was set to GREEN Added comment: Five individuals from four unrelated families. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.536 | UQCRFS1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: UQCRFS1 was added gene: UQCRFS1 was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: UQCRFS1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: UQCRFS1 were set to 31883641 Phenotypes for gene: UQCRFS1 were set to Mitochondrial Complex III deficiency; lactic acidosis; fetal bradycardia; hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; alopecia totalis Review for gene: UQCRFS1 was set to GREEN Added comment: Two unrelated families reported plus functional evidence. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.532 | WBP2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: WBP2 was added gene: WBP2 was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: WBP2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: WBP2 were set to 26881968 Phenotypes for gene: WBP2 were set to Deafness, autosomal recessive 107, MIM# 617639 Review for gene: WBP2 was set to AMBER Added comment: Two unrelated families identified in a large cohort; supportive animal model data. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.529 | GRAP |
Zornitza Stark gene: GRAP was added gene: GRAP was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: GRAP was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: GRAP were set to 30610177 Phenotypes for gene: GRAP were set to Deafness, autosomal recessive 114, MIM# 618456 Review for gene: GRAP was set to RED Added comment: Two apparently unrelated Turkish families reported, however same homozygous missense variant, and SNP analysis indicated identity by descent. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.519 | PPIP5K2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: PPIP5K2 was added gene: PPIP5K2 was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: PPIP5K2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: PPIP5K2 were set to 29590114 Phenotypes for gene: PPIP5K2 were set to Deafness, autosomal recessive 100, MIM# 618422 Review for gene: PPIP5K2 was set to AMBER Added comment: Two apparently unrelated families with multiple affecteds segregating a homozygous missense variant; mouse model. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.507 | AP1B1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: AP1B1 was added gene: AP1B1 was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: AP1B1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: AP1B1 were set to 31630788; 31630791 Phenotypes for gene: AP1B1 were set to Intellectual disability; enteropathy; deafness; ichthyosis; keratoderma Review for gene: AP1B1 was set to GREEN Added comment: Four unrelated families with bi-allelic LoF variants in this gene. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.485 | DMXL2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: DMXL2 was added gene: DMXL2 was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: DMXL2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: DMXL2 were set to 31688942; 30237576 Phenotypes for gene: DMXL2 were set to Epileptic encephalopathy, early infantile, 81, MIM# 618663 Review for gene: DMXL2 was set to GREEN Added comment: Four unrelated families reported. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.479 | EPS8L2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: EPS8L2 was added gene: EPS8L2 was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: EPS8L2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: EPS8L2 were set to 26282398; 23918390; 28281779 Phenotypes for gene: EPS8L2 were set to Deafness autosomal recessive 106, MIM# 617637 Review for gene: EPS8L2 was set to GREEN Added comment: Two unrelated families and a mouse model. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.471 | KITLG | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: KITLG were changed from to Deafness, autosomal dominant 69, unilateral or asymmetric, MIM# 616697 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.469 | KITLG | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: KITLG: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 26522471; Phenotypes: Deafness, autosomal dominant 69, unilateral or asymmetric, MIM# 616697; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.460 | SLC5A6 |
Zornitza Stark gene: SLC5A6 was added gene: SLC5A6 was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC5A6 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SLC5A6 were set to 31754459; 27904971 Phenotypes for gene: SLC5A6 were set to Developmental delay; epilepsy; neurodegeneration Review for gene: SLC5A6 was set to GREEN Added comment: Two unrelated families reported, functional data and some evidence of response to treatment. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.440 | COA7 |
Zornitza Stark gene: COA7 was added gene: COA7 was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: COA7 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: COA7 were set to 29718187; 27683825 Phenotypes for gene: COA7 were set to Spinocerebellar ataxia, autosomal recessive, with axonal neuropathy 3, MIM#618387 Review for gene: COA7 was set to GREEN Added comment: Five unrelated individuals reported with bi-allelic variants in this gene. Slowly progressive condition with variable onset, but at least three individuals presented at <5 years of age. Sources: Expert list |
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| Mendeliome v0.417 | NDUFAF8 |
Zornitza Stark gene: NDUFAF8 was added gene: NDUFAF8 was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: NDUFAF8 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: NDUFAF8 were set to 31866046 Phenotypes for gene: NDUFAF8 were set to Leigh syndrome Review for gene: NDUFAF8 was set to GREEN Added comment: Three unrelated individuals with bi-allelic variants in this gene; functional data. Beware recurrent deep intronic splicing variant. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.415 | EEF1B2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: EEF1B2 was added gene: EEF1B2 was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: EEF1B2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: EEF1B2 were set to 31845318; 21937992 Phenotypes for gene: EEF1B2 were set to Intellectual disability Review for gene: EEF1B2 was set to AMBER Added comment: 5 individuals from two unrelated families described in the literature so far, no functional data but gene belongs to a family implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.409 | TBC1D8B | Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TBC1D8B was changed from Unknown to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.408 | TBC1D8B | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: TBC1D8B: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 30661770; Phenotypes: Nephrotic syndrome, type 20, MIM# 301028; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.399 | FLG2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: FLG2 was added gene: FLG2 was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: FLG2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: FLG2 were set to 29758285; 28884927; 29505760 Phenotypes for gene: FLG2 were set to Peeling skin syndrome 6, MIM# 618084 Review for gene: FLG2 was set to GREEN Added comment: 3 unrelated families reported. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.386 | NUP133 |
Zornitza Stark gene: NUP133 was added gene: NUP133 was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: NUP133 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: NUP133 were set to 30179222 Phenotypes for gene: NUP133 were set to Nephrotic syndrome, type 18, MIM#618177 Review for gene: NUP133 was set to GREEN Added comment: Two unrelated families with functional data. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.383 | NUP85 |
Zornitza Stark gene: NUP85 was added gene: NUP85 was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: NUP85 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: NUP85 were set to 30179222 Phenotypes for gene: NUP85 were set to Nephrotic syndrome, type 17, MIM#618176 Review for gene: NUP85 was set to GREEN Added comment: Three unrelated families reported. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.370 | KCNT2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: KCNT2 was added gene: KCNT2 was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: KCNT2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: KCNT2 were set to 29069600; 29740868 Phenotypes for gene: KCNT2 were set to Epileptic encephalopathy, early infantile, 57, MIM#617771; Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy Review for gene: KCNT2 was set to GREEN Added comment: Reviewed by E Palmer: Ambrosino et al described 2 unrelated females with de novo variants in KCNT2. The first patient had the variant p.(Arg190His) had with West syndrome followed by Lennox-Gastaut syndrome , the second patient had the variant p.(Arg190Pro) and DEE with migrating focal seizures. Both variants were absent gnomad and had supportive in silico support for pathogenicity. In an electrophisological model both KCNT2 R190P and KCNT2 R190H increased maximal current density and shifted toward more negative membrane potential values the activation curve of KCNT2 channels, consistent with gain of function effects. PMID: 29740868. Gururaj et al describe one male with de novo variant in KCNT2 p. (Phe240Leu) and early infantile epileptic encephalopathy. he variant was absent gnomad and supportive evidence of pathogenicity This variant was electrophysiologically modelled and revealed that the variant resulted in a 'change in function' demonstrating unusual altered selectivity in KNa channels.PMID: 29069600. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.366 | TASP1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: TASP1 was added gene: TASP1 was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: TASP1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: TASP1 were set to 31209944; 31350873 Phenotypes for gene: TASP1 were set to Developmental delay; microcephaly; dysmorphic features; congenital abnormalities Review for gene: TASP1 was set to GREEN Added comment: Four unrelated families reported; two with founder mutation. Protein interacts with KMT2A and KMT2D. Another infant with a de novo missense variant reported in a single infant with multiple congenital abnormalities, insufficient evidence for mono allelic disease at present. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.365 | FST |
Zornitza Stark gene: FST was added gene: FST was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: FST was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: FST were set to 31215115 Phenotypes for gene: FST were set to Cleft lip and palate Review for gene: FST was set to RED Added comment: Single family reported. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.363 | GDF11 |
Zornitza Stark gene: GDF11 was added gene: GDF11 was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: GDF11 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: GDF11 were set to 31215115 Phenotypes for gene: GDF11 were set to Cleft lip and palate Review for gene: GDF11 was set to AMBER Added comment: Cleft lip and palate, and rib and vertebral hypersegmentation in a single family. Mouse model. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.359 | MICB |
Sebastian Lunke changed review comment from: This gene is included in a large number of publications as it plays an central role immunity (MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX CLASS I CHAIN-RELATED GENE B). However beyond a number of susceptibility associations, it does not appear to have been firmly associated with disease in patients.; to: This gene is included in a large number of publications as it plays an central role immunity (MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX CLASS I CHAIN-RELATED GENE B). However beyond a number of susceptibility associations, it does not appear to have been firmly associated with disease in patients. https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/gene/MICB#resources |
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| Mendeliome v0.351 | KLHL24 | Tiong Tan Phenotypes for gene: KLHL24 were changed from Epidermolysis bullosa simplex, generalized, with scarring and hair loss OMIM#617294; dilated cardiomyopathy to Epidermolysis bullosa simplex, generalized, with scarring and hair loss OMIM#617294; dilated cardiomyopathy | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.350 | KLHL24 | Tiong Tan Phenotypes for gene: KLHL24 were changed from to Epidermolysis bullosa simplex, generalized, with scarring and hair loss OMIM#617294; dilated cardiomyopathy | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.347 | KLHL24 | Tiong Tan reviewed gene: KLHL24: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 29779254, 30120936; Phenotypes: Epidermolysis bullosa simplex, generalized, with scarring and hair loss OMIM#617294, dilated cardiomyopathy; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.346 | SLC12A2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: SLC12A2 was added gene: SLC12A2 was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC12A2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SLC12A2 were set to 30740830 Phenotypes for gene: SLC12A2 were set to Kilquist syndrome; deafness; intellectual disability; dysmorphic features; absent salivation Review for gene: SLC12A2 was set to AMBER Added comment: Single individual with bi-alllelic deletion described; mouse model recapitulated the phenotype. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.343 | CSNK1E |
Zornitza Stark gene: CSNK1E was added gene: CSNK1E was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: CSNK1E was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: CSNK1E were set to 30488659 Phenotypes for gene: CSNK1E were set to Epileptic encephalopathy Review for gene: CSNK1E was set to RED Added comment: De novo splicing variant reported but in conjunction with STXBP1 variants; authors postulate it may contribute to susceptibility. Also reports linking variants in this gene to psychiatric disorders. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.338 | DEGS1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: DEGS1 was added gene: DEGS1 was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: DEGS1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: DEGS1 were set to 30620338; 30620337 Phenotypes for gene: DEGS1 were set to Leukodystrophy, hypomyelinating, 18, MIM#618404 Review for gene: DEGS1 was set to GREEN Added comment: 20 individuals from 14 unrelated families. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.333 | ZMIZ1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: ZMIZ1 was added gene: ZMIZ1 was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ZMIZ1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: ZMIZ1 were set to 30639322 Phenotypes for gene: ZMIZ1 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder with dysmorphic facies and distal skeletal anomalies; OMIM #618659 Review for gene: ZMIZ1 was set to GREEN Added comment: 19 unrelated individuals with heterozygous variants in this gene reported. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.331 | VAMP2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: VAMP2 was added gene: VAMP2 was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: VAMP2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: VAMP2 were set to 30929742 Phenotypes for gene: VAMP2 were set to Intellectual disability; Autism Review for gene: VAMP2 was set to GREEN Added comment: 5 unrelated patients with heterozygous de novo mutations in VAMP2, presenting with a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by axial hypotonia, intellectual disability, and autistic features. Affected individuals carrying de novo non-synonymous variants involving the C-terminal region presented a more severe phenotype with additional neurological features, including central visual impairment, hyperkinetic movement disorder, and epilepsy or electroencephalography abnormalities. Reconstituted fusion involving a lipid-mixing assay indicated impairment in vesicle fusion as one of the possible associated disease mechanisms. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.326 | TARS |
Zornitza Stark gene: TARS was added gene: TARS was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: TARS was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: TARS were set to 31374204 Phenotypes for gene: TARS were set to Trichothiodystrophy 7, nonphotosensitive; OMIM #618546 Review for gene: TARS was set to AMBER Added comment: Clinical features of trichothiodystrophy (TTD) include ichthyosis, intellectual disability, decreased fertility, short stature. 2 unrelated patients with non-photosensitive-TTD, in whom limited clinical information was available (one with DD): one compound heterozygous TARS variants, second homozygous for TARS variant. They showed that the variants had a profound effect on TARS protein stability and enzymatic function. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.322 | SVBP |
Zornitza Stark gene: SVBP was added gene: SVBP was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SVBP was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SVBP were set to 31363758; 30607023 Phenotypes for gene: SVBP were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder with ataxia, hypotonia, and microcephaly; OMIM #618569 Review for gene: SVBP was set to GREEN Added comment: 5 unrelated families with homozygous mutations in SVBP. The mutations segregated with the disorder in all families. In vitro functional cellular expression studies showed that protein levels of the SVBP mutants were barely detectable, suggesting instability, and that the mutant proteins had lost VASH/SVBP catalytic detyrosination activity toward tubulin. Knockdown of about 50% Svbp expression using shRNA in rat hippocampal neurons impaired the formation of excitatory synapses compared to controls. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.315 | SCAPER |
Zornitza Stark gene: SCAPER was added gene: SCAPER was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SCAPER was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SCAPER were set to 28794130; 31069901; 31192531; 30723319 Phenotypes for gene: SCAPER were set to Intellectual disability; retinitis pigmentosa Review for gene: SCAPER was set to GREEN Added comment: 28 patients from 14 unrelated families with ID and retinitis pigmentosa (some with BBS phenotype), and homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in SCAPER gene. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.313 | SCAMP5 |
Zornitza Stark gene: SCAMP5 was added gene: SCAMP5 was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SCAMP5 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: SCAMP5 were set to 31439720 Phenotypes for gene: SCAMP5 were set to Intellectual disability; seizures; autism Mode of pathogenicity for gene: SCAMP5 was set to Other Review for gene: SCAMP5 was set to GREEN Added comment: 2 unrelated individuals with ASD, ID and seizures, with the same heterozygous de novo variant in SCAMP5 (p.Gly302Trp). Western blot analysis of proteins overexpressed in the Drosophila fat body showed strongly reduced levels of the SCAMP p.Gly302Trp protein compared with the wild-type protein, indicating that the mutant either reduced expression or increased turnover of the protein. The expression of the fly homologue of the human SCAMP5 p.Gly180Trp mutation caused similar eye and neuronal phenotypes as the expression of SCAMP RNAi, suggesting a dominant-negative effect. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.311 | PPP2CA |
Zornitza Stark gene: PPP2CA was added gene: PPP2CA was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: PPP2CA was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: PPP2CA were set to 30595372 Phenotypes for gene: PPP2CA were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder and language delay with or without structural brain abnormalities; OMIM #618354 Review for gene: PPP2CA was set to GREEN Added comment: 15 unrelated patients with a neurodevelopmental disorder with de novo heterozygous PPP2CA mutations, and 1 with partial deletion of PPP2CA. Functional studies showed complete PP2A dysfunction in 4 individuals with seemingly milder ID, hinting at haploinsufficiency. Ten other individuals showed mutation-specific biochemical distortions, including poor expression, altered binding to the A subunit and specific B-type subunits, and impaired phosphatase activity and C-terminal methylation. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.308 | PISD | Zornitza Stark commented on gene: PISD: 4 individuals in 2 unrelated but consanguineous families from Portugal and Brazil affected by early-onset retinal degeneration, sensorineural hearing loss, microcephaly, intellectual disability, and skeletal dysplasia with scoliosis and short stature (Liberfarb syndrome). Affected individuals shared a homozygous 10-bp deletion immediately upstream of the last exon of the PISD gene. In HEK293T cells, this variant led to aberrant splicing of PISD transcripts. 1 family with 2 sisters with congenital cataracts, short stature, and white matter changes identified compound heterozygous variants in the PISD gene. Decreased conversion of phosphatidylserine to PE in patient fibroblasts is consistent with impaired phosphatidylserine decarboxylase (PISD) enzyme activity. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.307 | PIGB |
Zornitza Stark gene: PIGB was added gene: PIGB was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: PIGB was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: PIGB were set to 31256876 Phenotypes for gene: PIGB were set to Epileptic encephalopathy, early infantile, 80; OMIM #618580 Review for gene: PIGB was set to GREEN Added comment: 10 unrelated families with biallelic mutations in PIGB, with global DD and/or ID, and seizures. Two had polymicrogyria, 4 had a peripheral neuropathy, and 2 had a clinical diagnosis of DOORS syndrome. Patient lymphocytes and fibroblasts showed variably decreased levels of cell surface GPI-anchored proteins, including CD16 and CD59. In vitro functional expression studies performed with some of the mutations in PIGB-null CHO cells showed that the mutant proteins were unable to fully restore expression of GPI-anchored surface proteins, consistent with a loss of function, although the mutations had variable effects. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.305 | PIBF1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: PIBF1 was added gene: PIBF1 was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: PIBF1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: PIBF1 were set to 26167768; 30858804; 29695797 Phenotypes for gene: PIBF1 were set to Joubert syndrome 33; OMIM #617767 Review for gene: PIBF1 was set to GREEN Added comment: Three unrelated families plus three Hutterite families reported with bi-allelic variants in this gene. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.303 | PHF21A |
Zornitza Stark gene: PHF21A was added gene: PHF21A was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: PHF21A was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: PHF21A were set to 31649809; 30487643; 22770980 Phenotypes for gene: PHF21A were set to Intellectual disability; dysmorphic features Review for gene: PHF21A was set to GREEN Added comment: 9 cases with intellectual disability and craniofacial anomalies (Potocki-Shaffer syndrome), with de novo truncating variants in PHF21A. No functional evidence of variants, but PHF21A is highly expressed in the human fetal brain, which is consistent with the neurodevelopmental phenotype. 2 other unrelated individuals with translocations disrupting PHF21A. Lymphoblastoid cell lines from translocation subjects showed derepression of the neuronal gene SCN3A and reduced LSD1 occupancy at the SCN3A promoter, supporting a direct functional consequence of PHF21A haploinsufficiency on transcriptional regulation. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.301 | POLR2A |
Sue White gene: POLR2A was added gene: POLR2A was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: POLR2A was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: POLR2A were set to 31353023 Phenotypes for gene: POLR2A were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia and variable intellectual and behavioral abnormalities, MIM# 618603 Mode of pathogenicity for gene: POLR2A was set to Other Review for gene: POLR2A was set to GREEN Added comment: 11 unrelated individuals reported with de novo variants in this gene. Missense variants postulated to exert a dominant-negative effect; LoF variants by contrast resulted in milder phenotype. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.299 | PAK1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: PAK1 was added gene: PAK1 was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: PAK1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: PAK1 were set to 31504246; 30290153 Phenotypes for gene: PAK1 were set to Intellectual developmental disorder with macrocephaly, seizures, and speech delay; OMIM #618158 Review for gene: PAK1 was set to GREEN Added comment: 2 unrelated individuals with de novo PAK1 mutations, with developmental delay, secondary macrocephaly, seizures, and ataxic gait. Enhanced phosphorylation of the PAK1 targets JNK and AKT shown in fibroblasts of one subject and of c-JUN in those of both subjects compared with control subjects. In fibroblasts of the 2 affected individuals, they observed a trend toward enhanced PAK1 kinase activity. By using co-immunoprecipitation and size-exclusion chromatography, they observed a significantly reduced dimerization for both PAK1 mutants compared with wild-type PAK1. 4 unrelated individuals with intellectual disability, macrocephaly and seizures, with de novo heterozygous missense variants in PAK1. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.297 | P4HTM |
Zornitza Stark gene: P4HTM was added gene: P4HTM was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: P4HTM was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: P4HTM were set to 25078763; 30940925 Phenotypes for gene: P4HTM were set to Hypotonia, hypoventilation, impaired intellectual development, dysautonomia, epilepsy, and eye abnormalities; OMIM #618493 Review for gene: P4HTM was set to GREEN Added comment: 12 patients from 5 families with hypotonia, intellectual disability, and eye abnormalities, and homozygous or compound heterozygous pathogenic P4HTM gene variants. Segregated with the disorder in the families. In vitro functional expression studies of 3 of the P4HTM variants showed that they caused a significant decrease in the amount of soluble protein compared to wildtype. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.294 | NFASC |
Zornitza Stark gene: NFASC was added gene: NFASC was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: NFASC was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: NFASC were set to 31501903; 28940097; 30124836; 30850329; 31608123 Phenotypes for gene: NFASC were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder with central and peripheral motor dysfunction; OMIM #618356 Review for gene: NFASC was set to GREEN Added comment: > 10 unrelated families reported, exhibiting a neurodevelopmental disorder (intellectual disability, developmental delay, motor impairment, speech difficulties, early onset demyelinating neuropathy), with homozygous variants in NFASC. Segregated with the disorder in the family. Some studies with functional evidence. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.290 | MEPCE |
Zornitza Stark gene: MEPCE was added gene: MEPCE was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: MEPCE was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: MEPCE were set to 31467394 Phenotypes for gene: MEPCE were set to Intellectual disability; seizures Review for gene: MEPCE was set to RED Added comment: 1 patient with global DD and seizures with de novo MEPCE nonsense variant. mRNA and protein analyses identified nonsense-mediated mRNA decay to underlie the decreased amount of MEPCE in patient fibroblasts followed by LARP7 and 7SK snRNA downregulation and HEXIM1 upregulation. Flavopiridol treatment and ectopic MEPCE protein expression in patient fibroblasts rescued increased expression of six RNAP II-sensitive genes and suggested a possible repressive effect of MEPCE on P-TEFb-dependent transcription of specific genes. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.288 | MAST1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: MAST1 was added gene: MAST1 was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: MAST1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: MAST1 were set to 31721002; 30449657 Phenotypes for gene: MAST1 were set to Mega-corpus-callosum syndrome with cerebellar hypoplasia and cortical malformations; OMIM #618273 Review for gene: MAST1 was set to GREEN Added comment: 6 unrelated patients with mega-corpus-callosum syndrome with cerebellar hypoplasia and cortical malformations (MCCCHCM) with de novo heterozygous mutations in MAST1 gene. In vitro functional studies showed that 1 of the variants (lys276del) increased MAST1 binding to microtubules compared to controls. Mutant mice heterozygous for a Mast1 leu278del allele showed a thicker corpus callosum compared to wildtype, and an overall reduction in cortical volume and thickness and decreased cerebellar volume and number of granule and Purkinje cells due to increased apoptosis compared to controls. 1 Emirati patient with ID, microcephaly, and dysmorphic features, with missense variant in MAST1. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.285 | LSS |
Zornitza Stark gene: LSS was added gene: LSS was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: LSS was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: LSS were set to 30723320 Phenotypes for gene: LSS were set to Cataract 44, OMIM #616509; Hypotrichosis 14, OMIM #618275; Intellectual disability Review for gene: LSS was set to GREEN Added comment: Expanded the phenotypic spectrum of LSS to a recessive neuroectodermal syndrome formerly named alopecia with mental retardation (APMR) syndrome. Ten APMR individuals from 6 unrelated families with biallelic variants in LSS. Quantification of cholesterol and its precursors did not reveal noticeable imbalance. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.281 | KDM3B |
Zornitza Stark gene: KDM3B was added gene: KDM3B was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: KDM3B was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: KDM3B were set to 30929739 Phenotypes for gene: KDM3B were set to Intellectual disability; dysmorphic features; short stature Review for gene: KDM3B was set to GREEN Added comment: 14 unrelated individuals and 3 affected parents with varying degrees of ID, DD, short stature, dysmorphism, and de novo or inherited pathogenic variants in KDM3B. No functional studies. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.279 | GRIA2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: GRIA2 was added gene: GRIA2 was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: GRIA2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: GRIA2 were set to 31300657 Phenotypes for gene: GRIA2 were set to Intellectual disability; autism; Rett-like features; epileptic encephalopathy Review for gene: GRIA2 was set to GREEN Added comment: 28 unrelated patients with ID, ASD, Rett-like features, seizures/EE, and de novo heterozygous GRIA2 mutations. In functional expression studies, mutations led to a decrease in agonist-evoked current mediated by mutant subunits compared to wild-type channels. When GluA2 subunits are co-expressed with GluA1, most GRIA2 mutations cause a decreased current amplitude and some also affect voltage rectification. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.273 | GABRA5 |
Zornitza Stark gene: GABRA5 was added gene: GABRA5 was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: GABRA5 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: GABRA5 were set to 31056671; 29961870 Phenotypes for gene: GABRA5 were set to Epileptic encephalopathy, early infantile, 79; OMIM #618559 Review for gene: GABRA5 was set to GREEN Added comment: 3 unrelated patients with de novo heterozygous missense mutations in GABRA5 gene. In vitro functional expression studies in HEK293 cells showed that the mutant subunit was expressed at the surface and incorporated into the channel, but the mutant channel was 10 times more sensitive to GABA compared to wildtype. This increased sensitization resulted in increased receptor desensitization to GABA, with a reduced maximal GABA-evoked current and impaired capacity to pass GABAergic chloride current. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.269 | FBXL3 |
Zornitza Stark gene: FBXL3 was added gene: FBXL3 was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: FBXL3 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: FBXL3 were set to 30481285 Phenotypes for gene: FBXL3 were set to Intellectual developmental disorder with short stature, facial anomalies, and speech defects; OMIM #606220 Review for gene: FBXL3 was set to GREEN Added comment: Three unrelated families, multiple affected individuals. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.265 | EEF1D |
Zornitza Stark gene: EEF1D was added gene: EEF1D was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: EEF1D was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: EEF1D were set to 30787422; 28097321 Phenotypes for gene: EEF1D were set to Intellectual disability Review for gene: EEF1D was set to AMBER Added comment: Two unrelated families reported; one as part of a very large cohort of consanguineous families reporting multiple new candidate genes. No functional data. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.263 | DYNC1I2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: DYNC1I2 was added gene: DYNC1I2 was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: DYNC1I2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: DYNC1I2 were set to 31079899 Phenotypes for gene: DYNC1I2 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly and structural brain anomalies , MIM#618492 Review for gene: DYNC1I2 was set to GREEN Added comment: Five individuals from three unrelated families reported. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.256 | DDX6 |
Zornitza Stark gene: DDX6 was added gene: DDX6 was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: DDX6 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: DDX6 were set to 31422817 Phenotypes for gene: DDX6 were set to Intellectual developmental disorder with impaired language and dysmorphic facies, MIM#618653 Review for gene: DDX6 was set to GREEN Added comment: Five unrelated individuals reported with 5 different de novo heterozygous missense mutations in exon 11 of the DDX6 gene. All variants occurred at conserved residues in either the QxxR or V motifs within the second RecA-2 domain of the helicase core; this region is involved in RNA and/or ATP binding, suggesting functional consequences. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.247 | CDK8 |
Zornitza Stark gene: CDK8 was added gene: CDK8 was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: CDK8 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: CDK8 were set to 30905399 Phenotypes for gene: CDK8 were set to Intellectual disability; dysmorphism; congenital abnormalities; seizures Review for gene: CDK8 was set to GREEN Added comment: 12 unrelated individuals, missense variants demonstrated as de novo in 10. All variants localize to the ATP-binding pocket of the kinase domain. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.233 | BRSK2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: BRSK2 was added gene: BRSK2 was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: BRSK2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: BRSK2 were set to 30879638 Phenotypes for gene: BRSK2 were set to Intellectual disability; autism Review for gene: BRSK2 was set to GREEN Added comment: Nine unrelated individuals with heterozygous variants in this gene; six confirmed de novo (parents available). Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.231 | BCORL1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: BCORL1 was added gene: BCORL1 was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: BCORL1 was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) Publications for gene: BCORL1 were set to 24123876; 30941876 Phenotypes for gene: BCORL1 were set to Shukla-Vernon syndrome, MIM#301029 Review for gene: BCORL1 was set to GREEN Added comment: Four unrelated families reported altogether; some mothers mildly affected. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.229 | BCL11B |
Zornitza Stark gene: BCL11B was added gene: BCL11B was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: BCL11B was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: BCL11B were set to 29985992 Phenotypes for gene: BCL11B were set to Intellectual developmental disorder with dysmorphic facies, speech delay, and T-cell abnormalities, MIM# 618092 Review for gene: BCL11B was set to GREEN Added comment: Nine unrelated individuals, all but one with de novo variants in this gene and syndromic ID/immunodeficiency. Most variants located in the last exon (exon 4) and are predicted to escape nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.224 | APC2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: APC2 was added gene: APC2 was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: APC2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: APC2 were set to 31585108 Phenotypes for gene: APC2 were set to Cortical dysplasia, complex, with other brain malformations 10, MIM#618677 Review for gene: APC2 was set to GREEN Added comment: 12 individuals from 8 unrelated families; intellectual disability, seizures, cortical dysplasia including posterior to anterior predominant pattern of lissencephaly, heterotopias, paucity of white matter, thin corpus callosum. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.220 | ACTL6B |
Zornitza Stark gene: ACTL6B was added gene: ACTL6B was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ACTL6B was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: ACTL6B were set to 31134736; 31031012; 30656450; 30237576 Phenotypes for gene: ACTL6B were set to Epileptic encephalopathy, early infantile, 76, MIM# 618468; Intellectual developmental disorder with severe speech and ambulation defects, MIM# 618470 Review for gene: ACTL6B was set to GREEN Added comment: Over 10 unrelated individuals reported in the literature. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.215 | PPP1R21 |
Zornitza Stark gene: PPP1R21 was added gene: PPP1R21 was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: PPP1R21 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: PPP1R21 were set to 30520571 Phenotypes for gene: PPP1R21 were set to Hypotonia; intellectual disability; white matter abnormalities Review for gene: PPP1R21 was set to GREEN Added comment: At least four unrelated families reported. Sources: Literature |
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| Mendeliome v0.182 | MRPS16 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: MRPS16 were changed from to Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 2; OMIM #610498 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mendeliome v0.177 | MRPL3 | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: MRPL3 were changed from to Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 9; OMIM #614582 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||