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Mendeliome v1.1889 SLC7A5 Zornitza Stark Marked gene: SLC7A5 as ready
Mendeliome v1.1889 SLC7A5 Zornitza Stark Gene: slc7a5 has been classified as Red List (Low Evidence).
Mendeliome v1.1889 SLC7A5 Zornitza Stark Classified gene: SLC7A5 as Red List (low evidence)
Mendeliome v1.1889 SLC7A5 Zornitza Stark Gene: slc7a5 has been classified as Red List (Low Evidence).
Mendeliome v1.1888 SLC7A5 Sangavi Sivagnanasundram gene: SLC7A5 was added
gene: SLC7A5 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Other
Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC7A5 was set to Unknown
Publications for gene: SLC7A5 were set to 29884839
Phenotypes for gene: SLC7A5 were set to Large neutral amino acid transporter deficiency (MIM#600182)
Review for gene: SLC7A5 was set to RED
Added comment: Classified an inborn error of amino acid metabolism by IEMbase however more evidence is required to support the gene-disease association.
Sources: Other
Mendeliome v1.914 UNC79 Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: UNC79 were changed from Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO:0700092), UNC70-related to Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO:0700092), UNC79-related
Mendeliome v1.908 UNC79 Elena Savva Marked gene: UNC79 as ready
Mendeliome v1.908 UNC79 Elena Savva Gene: unc79 has been classified as Green List (High Evidence).
Mendeliome v1.908 UNC79 Elena Savva Phenotypes for gene: UNC79 were changed from Neurodevelopmental disorderMONDO:0700092 to Neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO:0700092), UNC70-related
Mendeliome v1.907 UNC79 Elena Savva Classified gene: UNC79 as Green List (high evidence)
Mendeliome v1.907 UNC79 Elena Savva Gene: unc79 has been classified as Green List (High Evidence).
Mendeliome v1.906 UNC79 Krithika Murali gene: UNC79 was added
gene: UNC79 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: UNC79 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: UNC79 were set to PMID:37183800
Phenotypes for gene: UNC79 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorderMONDO:0700092
Review for gene: UNC79 was set to AMBER
Added comment: PMID:37183800 Bayat et al 2023 report 6 unrelated patients with heterozygous NMD-predicted LoF variants in UNC79 - x1 canonical splice site variant, x5 nonsense/frameshift. 5 were confirmed de novo, 1 not identified in mother - father unavailable for testing. All variants absent in gnomAD and v2 pLI score for UNC79 is 1.

Patients with UNC79 variants were identified through GeneMatcher or an international network of Epilepsy and Genetics departments. x1 patient underwent duo exome sequencing, remaining had trio exome sequencing - no other causative variants identified.

Phenotypic features included:
- 4/6 autistic features
- 5/6 patients mild-moderate ID
- 4/6 behavioural issues (aggression, stereotypies)
- 4/6 epilepsy (focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures)
- 5/6 hypotonia

unc79 knockdown drosophila flies exhibited significantly higher rate of seizure-like behaviour than controls. unc79 haploinsufficiency shown to lead to significant reduction in protein levels of both unc79 and unc80 in mouse brains. Unc79 haploinsufficiency associated with deficiency in hippocampal-dependent learning and memory in mice.

Authors have reviewed their own evidence in relation to the gene-disease criteria detailed by Strande et al 2017 and note that their clinical and experimental data provides moderate-level evidence supporting the association between UNC79 and a neurodevelopment disorder including ASD.

Amber association favoured due to clinical phenotypic range reported between affected individuals and their lack of specificity.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.14587 MUC7 Zornitza Stark Marked gene: MUC7 as ready
Mendeliome v0.14587 MUC7 Zornitza Stark Gene: muc7 has been classified as Red List (Low Evidence).
Mendeliome v0.14587 MUC7 Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: MUC7 were changed from to {Asthma, protection against} MIM#600807
Mendeliome v0.14586 MUC7 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: MUC7 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.13440 CLEC7A Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CLEC7A was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.13372 CLEC7A Ain Roesley Marked gene: CLEC7A as ready
Mendeliome v0.13372 CLEC7A Ain Roesley Gene: clec7a has been classified as Red List (Low Evidence).
Mendeliome v0.13372 CLEC7A Ain Roesley Phenotypes for gene: CLEC7A were changed from to {Aspergillosis, susceptibility to} MIM#614079; candidiasis, familial, 4, autosomal recessive MIM#613108
Mendeliome v0.13371 CLEC7A Ain Roesley Publications for gene: CLEC7A were set to
Mendeliome v0.13371 CLEC7A Ain Roesley Classified gene: CLEC7A as Red List (low evidence)
Mendeliome v0.13371 CLEC7A Ain Roesley Gene: clec7a has been classified as Red List (Low Evidence).
Mendeliome v0.13370 CLEC7A Ain Roesley edited their review of gene: CLEC7A: Changed publications: 19864674, 20807886; Changed phenotypes: {Aspergillosis, susceptibility to} MIM#614079, candidiasis, familial, 4, autosomal recessive MIM#613108; Set current diagnostic: yes
Mendeliome v0.13370 CLEC7A Ain Roesley reviewed gene: CLEC7A: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: ; Mode of inheritance: None
Mendeliome v0.13028 CDC73 Ain Roesley Marked gene: CDC73 as ready
Mendeliome v0.13028 CDC73 Ain Roesley Gene: cdc73 has been classified as Green List (High Evidence).
Mendeliome v0.13028 CDC73 Ain Roesley Publications for gene: CDC73 were set to
Mendeliome v0.13028 CDC73 Ain Roesley Phenotypes for gene: CDC73 were changed from to Hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumour syndrome, MIM# 145001; Hyperparathyroidism, familial primary, MIM# 145000
Mendeliome v0.13028 CDC73 Ain Roesley Mode of inheritance for gene: CDC73 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.13027 CDC73 Ain Roesley reviewed gene: CDC73: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 12434154; Phenotypes: Hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumour syndrome, MIM# 145001, Hyperparathyroidism, familial primary, MIM# 145000; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted; Current diagnostic: yes
Mendeliome v0.12792 EXOC7 Bryony Thompson Phenotypes for gene: EXOC7 were changed from brain atrophy; seizures; developmental delay; microcephaly to Neurodevelopmental disorder with seizures and brain atrophy MIM#619072; brain atrophy; seizures; developmental delay; microcephaly
Mendeliome v0.11659 C7 Ain Roesley Marked gene: C7 as ready
Mendeliome v0.11659 C7 Ain Roesley Gene: c7 has been classified as Green List (High Evidence).
Mendeliome v0.11659 C7 Ain Roesley Phenotypes for gene: C7 were changed from to C7 deficiency MIM#610102
Mendeliome v0.11658 C7 Ain Roesley Publications for gene: C7 were set to
Mendeliome v0.11657 C7 Ain Roesley Mode of inheritance for gene: C7 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.11656 C7 Ain Roesley reviewed gene: C7: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 22206826, 20591074, 17407100, 16771861, 16552475; Phenotypes: C7 deficiency MIM#610102; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes
Mendeliome v0.11615 SLC7A9 Zornitza Stark Marked gene: SLC7A9 as ready
Mendeliome v0.11615 SLC7A9 Zornitza Stark Gene: slc7a9 has been classified as Green List (High Evidence).
Mendeliome v0.11615 SLC7A9 Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: SLC7A9 were changed from to Cystinuria, MIM# 220100
Mendeliome v0.11614 SLC7A9 Zornitza Stark Publications for gene: SLC7A9 were set to
Mendeliome v0.11613 SLC7A9 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC7A9 was changed from Unknown to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.11612 SLC7A9 Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: SLC7A9: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 10471498; Phenotypes: Cystinuria, MIM# 220100; Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.10638 ANAPC7 Zornitza Stark Marked gene: ANAPC7 as ready
Mendeliome v0.10638 ANAPC7 Zornitza Stark Gene: anapc7 has been classified as Amber List (Moderate Evidence).
Mendeliome v0.10638 ANAPC7 Zornitza Stark Classified gene: ANAPC7 as Amber List (moderate evidence)
Mendeliome v0.10638 ANAPC7 Zornitza Stark Gene: anapc7 has been classified as Amber List (Moderate Evidence).
Mendeliome v0.10637 ANAPC7 Zornitza Stark gene: ANAPC7 was added
gene: ANAPC7 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: ANAPC7 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: ANAPC7 were set to 34942119
Phenotypes for gene: ANAPC7 were set to Ferguson-Bonni neurodevelopmental syndrome, MIM# 619699
Review for gene: ANAPC7 was set to AMBER
Added comment: 11 individuals of Amish heritage reported homozygous for an intragenic deletion. Clinical features included ID, hypotonia, deafness in 5, relatively small head size (but microcephaly only in 1), and occasional congenital anomalies.

Supportive mouse model.

Amber rating in light of this being a founder variant.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.9425 SLC7A7 Zornitza Stark Marked gene: SLC7A7 as ready
Mendeliome v0.9425 SLC7A7 Zornitza Stark Gene: slc7a7 has been classified as Green List (High Evidence).
Mendeliome v0.9425 SLC7A7 Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: SLC7A7 were changed from to Lysinuric protein intolerance, MIM# 222700
Mendeliome v0.9424 SLC7A7 Zornitza Stark Publications for gene: SLC7A7 were set to
Mendeliome v0.9423 SLC7A7 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC7A7 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.9422 SLC7A7 Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: SLC7A7: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 10080182, 18716612; Phenotypes: Lysinuric protein intolerance, MIM# 222700; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.8741 TCF7L2 Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: 2 reviews
Konstantinos Varvagiannis (Other)
I don't know

Dias et al (2021 - PMID: 34003604) describe the phenotype of 11 unrelated individuals harboring de novo missense/truncating TCF7L2 variants.

Features included DD in childhood (motor delay in 8/11, speech delay in 11/11), intellectual abilities ranging from average cognitive functioning to mild/moderate ID (the latter observed in 5/11), myopia (6/11) , dysmorphic features, variable orthopedic findings, and neuropsychiatric comorbidities incl. ASD (4/11) / ADHD (4/11).

One additional (12th) individual was excluded from this summary due to concurrent diagnosis of hypoxic-ischemic injury.

TCF7L2 on 10q25 encodes transcription factor 7-like 2, a high mobility group (HMG) box-containing transcription factor. As the authors discuss, the protein mediates canonical Wnt signaling. Secreted Wnt proteins lead to release of beta-catenin (CTNNB1) which after translocation to the nucleus acts with DNA-binding factors incl. TCF7L2 to turn on Wnt-responsive target genes. As a result TCF7L2 acts with beta-catenin as a switch for transcriptional regulation. Multiple alternative spliced TCF7L2 transcripts mediate it's function and specificity of transcriptional repertoire in a variety of tissues and contexts.

Dias et al provide references for its role in nervous system development incl. neurogenesis and thalamic development.

Variants in all cases occurred as de novo events with pLoF (stopgain, frameshift, splicing) ones predicted to lead to NMD. Missense variants occurred in all cases in or adjacent to the HMG box domain [aa 350-417]. 5 different missense variants affecting 3 residues were reported incl. c.1142A>C, c.1143C>G (leading to Asn381Thr/Lys respectively), c.1250G>T (Trp417Leu), c.1267T>C, c.1268A>G (leading to Tyr423His/Cys) [NM_001146274.1].

The gene has a pLI of 0.99-1 gnomAD/ExAC while there is a region of missense constraint encompassing the HMG box domain (the latter is an evolutionary conserved region mediating interactions with DNA).

No phenotypic differences were observed among individuals with pLoF and missense SNVs, and haploinsufficiency is presumed to be the underlying mechanism.

There are no variant or other studies performed, nor any animal models discussed.

In supplementary table 2, the authors provide several references to previous large scale sequencing studies with brief/incomplete descriptions of individuals de novo TCF7L2 variants and neurodevelopmental disorder (ID/ASD - Iossifov, De Rubeis, Lelieveld, McRae/DDD study and many other Refs).

Heterozygous TCF7L2 variants are thought to confer susceptibility to type diabetes mellitus (MIM 125853). Individuals reported by Dias et al did not have endocrine abnormalities including DM. A study by Roychowdhury et al (2021 - PMID: 34265237) suggests that regulatory variants in TCF7L2 are associated with thoracic aneurysm.

There is no other associated phenotype (notably NDD) in OMIM.
G2P includes TCF7L2 in its DD panel (Disease : TC7L2-related DD, Confidence:confirmed, Monoallelic, LoF).
SysID includes this gene within the autism candidate genes and current primary ID genes.; to: Dias et al (2021 - PMID: 34003604) describe the phenotype of 11 unrelated individuals harboring de novo missense/truncating TCF7L2 variants.

Features included DD in childhood (motor delay in 8/11, speech delay in 11/11), intellectual abilities ranging from average cognitive functioning to mild/moderate ID (the latter observed in 5/11), myopia (6/11) , dysmorphic features, variable orthopedic findings, and neuropsychiatric comorbidities incl. ASD (4/11) / ADHD (4/11).

One additional (12th) individual was excluded from this summary due to concurrent diagnosis of hypoxic-ischemic injury.

TCF7L2 on 10q25 encodes transcription factor 7-like 2, a high mobility group (HMG) box-containing transcription factor. As the authors discuss, the protein mediates canonical Wnt signaling. Secreted Wnt proteins lead to release of beta-catenin (CTNNB1) which after translocation to the nucleus acts with DNA-binding factors incl. TCF7L2 to turn on Wnt-responsive target genes. As a result TCF7L2 acts with beta-catenin as a switch for transcriptional regulation. Multiple alternative spliced TCF7L2 transcripts mediate it's function and specificity of transcriptional repertoire in a variety of tissues and contexts.

Dias et al provide references for its role in nervous system development incl. neurogenesis and thalamic development.

Variants in all cases occurred as de novo events with pLoF (stopgain, frameshift, splicing) ones predicted to lead to NMD. Missense variants occurred in all cases in or adjacent to the HMG box domain [aa 350-417]. 5 different missense variants affecting 3 residues were reported incl. c.1142A>C, c.1143C>G (leading to Asn381Thr/Lys respectively), c.1250G>T (Trp417Leu), c.1267T>C, c.1268A>G (leading to Tyr423His/Cys) [NM_001146274.1].

The gene has a pLI of 0.99-1 gnomAD/ExAC while there is a region of missense constraint encompassing the HMG box domain (the latter is an evolutionary conserved region mediating interactions with DNA).

No phenotypic differences were observed among individuals with pLoF and missense SNVs, and haploinsufficiency is presumed to be the underlying mechanism.

There are no variant or other studies performed, nor any animal models discussed.

In supplementary table 2, the authors provide several references to previous large scale sequencing studies with brief/incomplete descriptions of individuals de novo TCF7L2 variants and neurodevelopmental disorder (ID/ASD - Iossifov, De Rubeis, Lelieveld, McRae/DDD study and many other Refs).

Heterozygous TCF7L2 variants are thought to confer susceptibility to type diabetes mellitus (MIM 125853). Individuals reported by Dias et al did not have endocrine abnormalities including DM. A study by Roychowdhury et al (2021 - PMID: 34265237) suggests that regulatory variants in TCF7L2 are associated with thoracic aneurysm.

There is no other associated phenotype (notably NDD) in OMIM.
G2P includes TCF7L2 in its DD panel (Disease : TC7L2-related DD, Confidence:confirmed, Monoallelic, LoF).
SysID includes this gene within the autism candidate genes and current primary ID genes.
Mendeliome v0.6574 TTC7A Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: TTC7A were changed from Gastrointestinal defects and immunodeficiency syndrome, 243150 to Gastrointestinal defects and immunodeficiency syndrome, 243150; Very Early Onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease (VEOIBD)
Mendeliome v0.6573 TTC7A Zornitza Stark Publications for gene: TTC7A were set to 30553809; 28936210
Mendeliome v0.6572 TTC7A Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: TTC7A: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 24417819, 24292712, 23830146, 29174094, 31743734; Phenotypes: Very Early Onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease (VEOIBD); Mode of inheritance: None
Mendeliome v0.6461 SLC7A6OS Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: SLC7A6OS were changed from Progressive myoclonus epilepsy to Epilepsy, progressive myoclonic, 12, MIM# 619191
Mendeliome v0.6460 SLC7A6OS Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: SLC7A6OS: Changed phenotypes: Epilepsy, progressive myoclonic, 12, MIM# 619191
Mendeliome v0.6192 SLC7A6OS Zornitza Stark Marked gene: SLC7A6OS as ready
Mendeliome v0.6192 SLC7A6OS Zornitza Stark Gene: slc7a6os has been classified as Red List (Low Evidence).
Mendeliome v0.6192 SLC7A6OS Zornitza Stark gene: SLC7A6OS was added
gene: SLC7A6OS was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC7A6OS was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: SLC7A6OS were set to 33085104
Phenotypes for gene: SLC7A6OS were set to Progressive myoclonus epilepsy
Review for gene: SLC7A6OS was set to RED
Added comment: Two unrelated families reported with same homozygous splice site variant, shared haplotype (founder effect). Limited functional data.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.5557 AGO2 Zornitza Stark gene: AGO2 was added
gene: AGO2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: AGO2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: AGO2 were set to 33199684
Phenotypes for gene: AGO2 were set to Intellectual disability
Review for gene: AGO2 was set to GREEN
Added comment: 21 individuals reported, five variants (p.L192P, p.G201V, p.T357M, p.M364T, p.C751Y) were recurrent. Variable ID.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.4590 SLC7A14 Zornitza Stark Marked gene: SLC7A14 as ready
Mendeliome v0.4590 SLC7A14 Zornitza Stark Gene: slc7a14 has been classified as Red List (Low Evidence).
Mendeliome v0.4590 SLC7A14 Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: SLC7A14 were changed from to Retinitis pigmentosa 68, MIM# MIM#615725
Mendeliome v0.4589 SLC7A14 Zornitza Stark Publications for gene: SLC7A14 were set to
Mendeliome v0.4588 SLC7A14 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC7A14 was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4587 SLC7A14 Zornitza Stark Classified gene: SLC7A14 as Red List (low evidence)
Mendeliome v0.4587 SLC7A14 Zornitza Stark Gene: slc7a14 has been classified as Red List (Low Evidence).
Mendeliome v0.4586 SLC7A14 Zornitza Stark Tag disputed tag was added to gene: SLC7A14.
Mendeliome v0.4586 SLC7A14 Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: SLC7A14: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 31921845, 30924391, 24670872; Phenotypes: Retinitis pigmentosa 68, MIM# MIM#615725; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.4285 Zornitza Stark removed gene:DNAJC7 from the panel
Mendeliome v0.4258 DNAJC7 Seb Lunke Marked gene: DNAJC7 as ready
Mendeliome v0.4258 DNAJC7 Seb Lunke Gene: dnajc7 has been classified as Amber List (Moderate Evidence).
Mendeliome v0.4258 DNAJC7 Seb Lunke Classified gene: DNAJC7 as Amber List (moderate evidence)
Mendeliome v0.4258 DNAJC7 Seb Lunke Gene: dnajc7 has been classified as Amber List (Moderate Evidence).
Mendeliome v0.4257 DNAJC7 Seb Lunke gene: DNAJC7 was added
gene: DNAJC7 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: DNAJC7 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Publications for gene: DNAJC7 were set to 31768050
Phenotypes for gene: DNAJC7 were set to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Review for gene: DNAJC7 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Two cohort studies in ALS patients identified 11 and 1 patient, respectively, with variants in DNAJC7. Seven of these are putative PTVs. However gene described as risk factor, unclear why.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1212/NXG.0000000000000503
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.4226 EXOC7 Zornitza Stark Marked gene: EXOC7 as ready
Mendeliome v0.4226 EXOC7 Zornitza Stark Gene: exoc7 has been classified as Green List (High Evidence).
Mendeliome v0.4226 EXOC7 Zornitza Stark Classified gene: EXOC7 as Green List (high evidence)
Mendeliome v0.4226 EXOC7 Zornitza Stark Gene: exoc7 has been classified as Green List (High Evidence).
Mendeliome v0.3872 LMBRD2 Zornitza Stark gene: LMBRD2 was added
gene: LMBRD2 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: LMBRD2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: LMBRD2 were set to 32820033; https://doi.org/10.1101/797787
Phenotypes for gene: LMBRD2 were set to Global developmental delay; Intellectual disability; Microcephaly; Seizures; Abnormality of nervous system morphology; Abnormality of the eye
Mode of pathogenicity for gene: LMBRD2 was set to Loss-of-function variants (as defined in pop up message) DO NOT cause this phenotype - please provide details in the comments
Review for gene: LMBRD2 was set to GREEN
Added comment: 13 individuals with dn missense SNVs overall, overlapping features for 10 with available phenotype / a recurring variant has been identified in 2 different studies.

► Malhotra et al (2020 - PMID: 32820033) report on 10 unrelated individuals with de novo missense LMBRD2 variants. Features included DD (9/10), ID (6/8 of relevant age), microcephaly (7/10), seizures (5/10 - >=3 different variants), structural brain abnormalities (e.g. thin CC in 6/9), highly variable ocular abnormalities (5/10) and dysmorphic features in some (7/10 - nonspecific). All had variable prior non-diagnostic genetic tests (CMA, gene panel, mendeliome, karyotype). WES/WGS revealed LMBRD2 missense variants, in all cases de novo. A single individual had additional variants with weaker evidence of pathogenicity. 5 unique missense SNVs and 2 recurrent ones (NM_001007527:c.367T>C - p.Trp123Arg / c.1448G>A - p.Arg483His) were identified. These occurred in different exons. Variants were not present in gnomAD and all had several in silico predictions in favor of a deleterious effect. There was phenotypic variability among individuals with the same variant (e.g. seizures in 1/3 and microchephaly in 2/3 of those harboring R483H). The gene has a pLI of 0 (although o/e ranges from 0.23 to 0.55), %HI of 15.13 and z-score of 2.27. The authors presume that haploinsufficiency may not apply, and consider a gain-of-function/dominant-negative effect more likely. As the authors comment LMBRD2 (LMBR1 domain containing 2) encodes a membrane bound protein with poorly described function. It is widely expressed across tissues with notable expression in human brain (also in Drosophila, or Xenopus laevis). It displays high interspecies conservation. It has been suggested (Paek et al - PMID: 28388415) that LMBRD2 is a potential regulator of β2 adrenoreceptor signalling through involvement in GPCR signalling.

► Kaplanis et al (2020 - https://doi.org/10.1101/797787) in a dataset of 31058 parent-offspring trios (WES) previously identified 3 individuals with developmental disorder, harboring c.1448G>A - p.Arg483His. These individuals (1 from the DDD study, and 2 GeneDx patients) appear in Decipher. [ https://decipher.sanger.ac.uk/ddd/research-variant/40e17c78cc9655a6721006fc1e0c98db/overview ]. The preprint by Kaplanis et al is cited by Malhotra et al, with Arg483His reported in 6 patients overall in both studies.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.3196 EXOC7 Zornitza Stark gene: EXOC7 was added
gene: EXOC7 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: EXOC7 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: EXOC7 were set to 32103185
Phenotypes for gene: EXOC7 were set to brain atrophy; seizures; developmental delay; microcephaly
Review for gene: EXOC7 was set to GREEN
Added comment: 4 families with 8 affected individuals with brain atrophy, seizures, and developmental delay, and in more severe cases microcephaly and infantile death. Four novel homozygous or comp.heterozygous variants found in EXOC7, which segregated with disease in the families. They showed that EXOC7, a member of the mammalian exocyst complex, is highly expressed in developing human cortex. In addition, a zebrafish model of Exoc7 deficiency recapitulates the human disorder with increased apoptosis and decreased progenitor cells during telencephalon development, suggesting that the brain atrophy in human cases reflects neuronal degeneration.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.3150 MUC7 Bryony Thompson Classified gene: MUC7 as Red List (low evidence)
Mendeliome v0.3150 MUC7 Bryony Thompson Gene: muc7 has been classified as Red List (Low Evidence).
Mendeliome v0.3149 MUC7 Bryony Thompson reviewed gene: MUC7: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: {Asthma, protection against} MIM#600807; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.2547 C7orf43 Zornitza Stark Marked gene: C7orf43 as ready
Mendeliome v0.2547 C7orf43 Zornitza Stark Gene: c7orf43 has been classified as Amber List (Moderate Evidence).
Mendeliome v0.2547 C7orf43 Zornitza Stark Classified gene: C7orf43 as Amber List (moderate evidence)
Mendeliome v0.2547 C7orf43 Zornitza Stark Gene: c7orf43 has been classified as Amber List (Moderate Evidence).
Mendeliome v0.2546 C7orf43 Zornitza Stark gene: C7orf43 was added
gene: C7orf43 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: C7orf43 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: C7orf43 were set to 30715179
Phenotypes for gene: C7orf43 were set to Microcephaly 25, primary, autosomal recessive, MIM# 618351
Review for gene: C7orf43 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Single family reported: three affected siblings with homozygous truncating variant. Supportive zebrafish model.
Sources: Literature
Mendeliome v0.1242 TTC7A Zornitza Stark Marked gene: TTC7A as ready
Mendeliome v0.1242 TTC7A Zornitza Stark Gene: ttc7a has been classified as Green List (High Evidence).
Mendeliome v0.1242 TTC7A Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: TTC7A were changed from to Gastrointestinal defects and immunodeficiency syndrome, 243150
Mendeliome v0.1241 TTC7A Zornitza Stark Publications for gene: TTC7A were set to
Mendeliome v0.1240 TTC7A Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: TTC7A was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Mendeliome v0.1239 TTC7A Melanie Marty reviewed gene: TTC7A: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 30553809, 28936210; Phenotypes: Gastrointestinal defects and immunodeficiency syndrome, 243150; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal; Current diagnostic: yes
Mendeliome v0.1125 SDR9C7 Zornitza Stark Marked gene: SDR9C7 as ready
Mendeliome v0.1125 SDR9C7 Zornitza Stark Gene: sdr9c7 has been classified as Green List (High Evidence).
Mendeliome v0.1125 SDR9C7 Zornitza Stark Classified gene: SDR9C7 as Green List (high evidence)
Mendeliome v0.1125 SDR9C7 Zornitza Stark Gene: sdr9c7 has been classified as Green List (High Evidence).
Mendeliome v0.1124 SDR9C7 Zornitza Stark gene: SDR9C7 was added
gene: SDR9C7 was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: SDR9C7 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: SDR9C7 were set to 28173123; 28369735
Phenotypes for gene: SDR9C7 were set to Ichthyosis, congenital, autosomal recessive 13 MIM#617574
Review for gene: SDR9C7 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Three homozygous variants in 4 families with congenital ichthyosis.
Sources: Expert list
Mendeliome v0.79 CCDC78 Zornitza Stark Marked gene: CCDC78 as ready
Mendeliome v0.79 CCDC78 Zornitza Stark Gene: ccdc78 has been classified as Amber List (Moderate Evidence).
Mendeliome v0.79 CCDC78 Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: CCDC78 were changed from to Centronuclear myopathy 4, MIM#614807
Mendeliome v0.78 CCDC78 Zornitza Stark Publications for gene: CCDC78 were set to
Mendeliome v0.77 CCDC78 Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: CCDC78 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Mendeliome v0.76 CCDC78 Zornitza Stark Classified gene: CCDC78 as Amber List (moderate evidence)
Mendeliome v0.76 CCDC78 Zornitza Stark Gene: ccdc78 has been classified as Amber List (Moderate Evidence).
Mendeliome v0.0 TTC7A Zornitza Stark gene: TTC7A was added
gene: TTC7A was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Expert Review Green,Victorian Clinical Genetics Services
Mode of inheritance for gene: TTC7A was set to Unknown
Mendeliome v0.0 SLC7A9 Zornitza Stark gene: SLC7A9 was added
gene: SLC7A9 was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Expert Review Green,Victorian Clinical Genetics Services
Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC7A9 was set to Unknown
Mendeliome v0.0 SLC7A7 Zornitza Stark gene: SLC7A7 was added
gene: SLC7A7 was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Expert Review Green,Victorian Clinical Genetics Services
Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC7A7 was set to Unknown
Mendeliome v0.0 SLC7A14 Zornitza Stark gene: SLC7A14 was added
gene: SLC7A14 was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Expert Review Green,Victorian Clinical Genetics Services
Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC7A14 was set to Unknown
Mendeliome v0.0 MUC7 Zornitza Stark gene: MUC7 was added
gene: MUC7 was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Expert Review Green,Victorian Clinical Genetics Services
Mode of inheritance for gene: MUC7 was set to Unknown
Mendeliome v0.0 CLEC7A Zornitza Stark gene: CLEC7A was added
gene: CLEC7A was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Expert Review Green,Victorian Clinical Genetics Services
Mode of inheritance for gene: CLEC7A was set to Unknown
Mendeliome v0.0 CDC73 Zornitza Stark gene: CDC73 was added
gene: CDC73 was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Expert Review Green,Victorian Clinical Genetics Services
Mode of inheritance for gene: CDC73 was set to Unknown
Mendeliome v0.0 CCDC78 Zornitza Stark gene: CCDC78 was added
gene: CCDC78 was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Expert Review Green,Victorian Clinical Genetics Services
Mode of inheritance for gene: CCDC78 was set to Unknown
Mendeliome v0.0 C7 Zornitza Stark gene: C7 was added
gene: C7 was added to Mendeliome_VCGS. Sources: Expert Review Green,Victorian Clinical Genetics Services
Mode of inheritance for gene: C7 was set to Unknown