Mendeliome
Gene: OGDH Green List (high evidence)Green List (high evidence)
Detailed clinical characterization of 4 unrelated individuals from consanguineous families with a neurodevelopment disorder, using WES, cosegregation, in silicon protein modelling, and functional analysis of variants in HEK293 cells and drosophila, as well as in pro band-derived fibroblast cells.
Identified 3 novel homozygous variants in OGDH (oxoglutarate dehydrogenase). OGDH is an E1 component of the alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex, a multi subunit enzyme consisting of OGDH, DLST and DLD. Alpha-KGDH catalyses the conversion of alpha-ketoglutarate to succinylcholine-coenzyme A in the TCA cycle.
Fibroblasts from one individual demonstrated that p.(Ser297Tyr) variant led to higher degradation rate of OGDH protein.
OGDH protein with p.(Pro189Leu) or p.(Ser297Tyr) in HEK293 cells showed significantly lower levels than wild-type.
SpliceAI predicted that c.935G<A; p.(Arg312Lys/p.(Phe264_Arg312del) impacts splicing, which was confirmed by a mini-gene assay in HEK293 cells.
Conclusion: Biallelic variants in OGDH cause a neurodevelopment disorder with metabolic and movement abnormalities. Onset of presentation ranged from 6 weeks of age to 3 years old. All described individuals shared the clinical features of GDD, hypotonia, metabolic acidosis and increased serum lactate. Additional shared clinical features included dystonia (3/4), microcephaly (3/4), abnormal nasal bridge morphology (3/4), hyperammonemia (3/4), hyperglutaminemia (3/3 who were tested), and elevated alpha-ketoglutarate in the urine (2/2 who were tested).Created: 2 Feb 2023, 3:22 a.m. | Last Modified: 2 Feb 2023, 3:22 a.m.
Panel Version: 1.627
Mode of inheritance
BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes
Oxoglutarate dehydrogenase deficiency, MIM# 203740
Publications
I don't know
Two siblings reported with homozygous missense variant in this gene and global developmental delay, elevated lactate, ataxia and seizure. Fibroblast analysis and modeling of the mutation in Drosophila were used to evaluate pathogenicity of the variant. Note previous report of an individual with developmental delay, hypotonia, and movement disorders and metabolic decompensation and biochemical evidence of OGDH deficiency but genetic testing not done.
Sources: LiteratureCreated: 3 Dec 2021, 3:19 a.m.
Mode of inheritance
BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes
Oxoglutarate dehydrogenase deficiency, MIM# 203740; Developmental delay; ataxia; seizure; raised lactate
Publications
Publications for gene: OGDH were set to 32383294
Gene: ogdh has been classified as Green List (High Evidence).
Phenotypes for gene: OGDH were changed from Developmental delay; ataxia; seizure; raised lactate to Oxoglutarate dehydrogenase deficiency, MIM# 203740; Developmental delay; ataxia; seizure; raised lactate
Gene: ogdh has been classified as Amber List (Moderate Evidence).
Gene: ogdh has been classified as Amber List (Moderate Evidence).
gene: OGDH was added gene: OGDH was added to Mendeliome. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: OGDH was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: OGDH were set to 32383294 Phenotypes for gene: OGDH were set to Developmental delay; ataxia; seizure; raised lactate Review for gene: OGDH was set to AMBER
If promoting or demoting a gene, please provide comments to justify a decision to move it.
Genes included in a Genomics England gene panel for a rare disease category (green list) should fit the criteria A-E outlined below.
These guidelines were developed as a combination of the ClinGen DEFINITIVE evidence for a causal role of the gene in the disease(a), and the Developmental Disorder Genotype-Phenotype (DDG2P) CONFIRMED DD Gene evidence level(b) (please see the original references provided below for full details). These help provide a guideline for expert reviewers when assessing whether a gene should be on the green or the red list of a panel.
A. There are plausible disease-causing mutations(i) within, affecting or encompassing an interpretable functional region(ii) of this gene identified in multiple (>3) unrelated cases/families with the phenotype(iii).
OR
B. There are plausible disease-causing mutations(i) within, affecting or encompassing cis-regulatory elements convincingly affecting the expression of a single gene identified in multiple (>3) unrelated cases/families with the phenotype(iii).
OR
C. As definitions A or B but in 2 or 3 unrelated cases/families with the phenotype, with the addition of convincing bioinformatic or functional evidence of causation e.g. known inborn error of metabolism with mutation in orthologous gene which is known to have the relevant deficient enzymatic activity in other species; existence of an animal model which recapitulates the human phenotype.
AND
D. Evidence indicates that disease-causing mutations follow a Mendelian pattern of causation appropriate for reporting in a diagnostic setting(iv).
AND
E. No convincing evidence exists or has emerged that contradicts the role of the gene in the specified phenotype.
(i)Plausible disease-causing mutations: Recurrent de novo mutations convincingly affecting gene function. Rare, fully-penetrant mutations - relevant genotype never, or very rarely, seen in controls. (ii) Interpretable functional region: ORF in protein coding genes miRNA stem or loop. (iii) Phenotype: the rare disease category, as described in the eligibility statement. (iv) Intermediate penetrance genes should not be included.
It’s assumed that loss-of-function variants in this gene can cause the disease/phenotype unless an exception to this rule is known. We would like to collect information regarding exceptions. An example exception is the PCSK9 gene, where loss-of-function variants are not relevant for a hypercholesterolemia phenotype as they are associated with increased LDL-cholesterol uptake via LDLR (PMID: 25911073).
If a curated set of known-pathogenic variants is available for this gene-phenotype, please contact us at panelapp@genomicsengland.co.uk
We classify loss-of-function variants as those with the following Sequence Ontology (SO) terms:
Term descriptions can be found on the PanelApp homepage and Ensembl.
If you are submitting this evaluation on behalf of a clinical laboratory please indicate whether you report variants in this gene as part of your current diagnostic practice by checking the box
Standardised terms were used to represent the gene-disease mode of inheritance, and were mapped to commonly used terms from the different sources. Below each of the terms is described, along with the equivalent commonly-used terms.
A variant on one allele of this gene can cause the disease, and imprinting has not been implicated.
A variant on the paternally-inherited allele of this gene can cause the disease, if the alternate allele is imprinted (function muted).
A variant on the maternally-inherited allele of this gene can cause the disease, if the alternate allele is imprinted (function muted).
A variant on one allele of this gene can cause the disease. This is the default used for autosomal dominant mode of inheritance where no knowledge of the imprinting status of the gene required to cause the disease is known. Mapped to the following commonly used terms from different sources: autosomal dominant, dominant, AD, DOMINANT.
A variant on both alleles of this gene is required to cause the disease. Mapped to the following commonly used terms from different sources: autosomal recessive, recessive, AR, RECESSIVE.
The disease can be caused by a variant on one or both alleles of this gene. Mapped to the following commonly used terms from different sources: autosomal recessive or autosomal dominant, recessive or dominant, AR/AD, AD/AR, DOMINANT/RECESSIVE, RECESSIVE/DOMINANT.
A variant on one allele of this gene can cause the disease, however a variant on both alleles of this gene can result in a more severe form of the disease/phenotype.
A variant in this gene can cause the disease in males as they have one X-chromosome allele, whereas a variant on both X-chromosome alleles is required to cause the disease in females. Mapped to the following commonly used term from different sources: X-linked recessive.
A variant in this gene can cause the disease in males as they have one X-chromosome allele. A variant on one allele of this gene may also cause the disease in females, though the disease/phenotype may be less severe and may have a later-onset than is seen in males. X-linked inactivation and mosaicism in different tissues complicate whether a female presents with the disease, and can change over their lifetime. This term is the default setting used for X-linked genes, where it is not known definitately whether females require a variant on each allele of this gene in order to be affected. Mapped to the following commonly used terms from different sources: X-linked dominant, x-linked, X-LINKED, X-linked.
The gene is in the mitochondrial genome and variants within this can cause this disease, maternally inherited. Mapped to the following commonly used term from different sources: Mitochondrial.
Mapped to the following commonly used terms from different sources: Unknown, NA, information not provided.
For example, if the mode of inheritance is digenic, please indicate this in the comments and which other gene is involved.